CN101720609A - Nitrogen fertilizer applying method for high-yield summer maize in moisture soil - Google Patents
Nitrogen fertilizer applying method for high-yield summer maize in moisture soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention claims a nitrogen fertilizer applying method for high-yield summer maize in moisture soil. The total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240 to 300 k./ha-1; the application amount in the seedling stage is 72 to 90 kg.ha-1, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the ditched field and then covered with soil; the application rate in the spike formation stage is 72 to 90 kg.ha-1, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in small holes or in rows and then watered in time; the application rate in the silking stage is 96 to 120 kg.ha-1, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in small holes or spread on the field and then watered in time. In the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is distributed according to the nitrogen fertilizer requirements of the maize at different growth stages; the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer at the earlier stage is reduced, and the proper dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied later so that the fertilizer application stage of the maize is consistent to the fertilizer need requirement of the maize. The invention not only ensures the proper vegetative growth of the maize at the earlier stage, but also meets the requirements of the maize to the nutrient at the late growth stage and improves the root system activity of the maize. The fertilizer applying method promotes the growth of the maize straw, greatly increases the 100-grain weight and the utilization rate of the fertilizer and improves the yield of the maize in the irrigable field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fertilizing method of crops, relate in particular to a kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method at high-yield summer maize in moisture soil.
Background technology
Corn is a kind of staple food crop, and Henan Province's summer corn cultivated area had reached 4,250 ten thousand mu in 2008, and the trend that makes further progress.Maize Production is for ensureing that China's grain security is significant; update the corn fertilizing technology; being protection soil fertility, improving the main path of corn yield, realization grain security, also is the major issue that alleviates environmental pressure, promotes agricultural sustainable development.
Moisture soil is that river deposit is influenced by ground water movement and farming activity and the soil that forms, gains the name because of the Evening Tide phenomenon is arranged.Belong to semi-hydromorphic soil.Its principal character is that physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep.Concentrate and be distributed in river flat, delta overflow area and low terrace.In China, be distributed in the Yellow River more, the alluvial plain in downstream and on the south the flat area and the Yangtze river basin in Jiangsu, Anhui in, river, lake plain and the area, delta in downstream.
Traditional corn fertilizing technology all emphasizes to promote corn nourishment growth, multiplely looks the mid-early stage fertilising.As " one bombards " fertilization method, before and after 9 leaf phases, once nitrogenous fertilizer is all applied; " preceding light back heavy fertilization method " refers to that the shooting stage (when the 6th leaf launches) applies the 30-40% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, and the typhon mouth phase applies the 60-70% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; " preceding heavy back light fertilization method " refers to that the shooting stage applies the 60-70% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, and the typhon mouth phase applies the 30-40% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; " fertilization method is mended in preceding light middle heavy back " is the 20-30% that applies the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount shooting stage, and the typhon mouth phase applies the 50-60% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, applies the 10-20% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount after weaving silk.The common ground of these fertilizing methods is that the nitrogenous fertilizer emphasis was executed in maize growth mid-early stage, causing the fertilising in early stage to be delayed, and the later stage fertilising in advance.Along with popularizing of no-tillage seeding technology, summer corn shows oligotrophy in early days, and along with the raising of corn yield level, later stage nitrogen fertilizer absorption ratio increases considerably, and therefore traditional nitrogen fertilizer applying method can not satisfy the corn with high yield needs.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of nitrogen fertilizing method at high-yield summer maize in moisture soil, can improve the nitrogenous fertilizer utilization ratio, the stable corn yield that increases improves corn quality, increases the Maize Production economic benefit.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method of high-yield summer maize in moisture soil is: the total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 240-300kgha
-1, wherein seedling stage sowing amount be 72-90kgha
-1, trench digging applies and earthing; Typhon mouth phase sowing amount is 72-90kgha
-1, employing is spreaded manuer in holes or row replacement is also in time poured water; The phase sowing amount of weaving silk is 96-120kgha
-1, spread manuer in holes or spread fertilizer over the fields and in time pour water.
Be meant when the 3rd leaf of summer corn has 50% to launch fully that the typhon mouth phase is meant that the phase of weaving silk was meant when the summer corn filigree has 50% to spue bract when the 12nd leaf of summer corn had 50% to launch fully described seedling stage.
Described in time pouring water is meant in after fertilising 24 hours and pours water.
The inventor uses the inventive method to carry out comparative trial for many years in the Xunxian, Henan.The Xunxian, Henan is positioned at Taihang Mountain in Henan Province Dong Lu and North China Plain zone of transition, belongs to continent, warm temperate zone half wettability monsoon climate, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons year solar radiation total amount 110.8kJ/cm
2, year sunshine duration 2311.8h, sunshine, mean percentage 52%, 13.8 ℃ of mean temperature of air, 4605.5 ℃ of 〉=10 ℃ of accumulated temperature, 5135.2 ℃ of 〉=0 ℃ of accumulated temperature, yield two crops a year, throughout the year precipitation 627.3mm at 221 days frost-free seasons.Groundwater resources are abundant, and irrigation conditions is good, and soil total nutrient content is higher.The method of test is: peasant household reserves 30m in corn field
2Arable area, identical with the management of other corns, phosphorus potash fertilizer is normally used, seedling stage and the fertilising of typhon mouth phase routinely of the nitrogenous fertilizer in land for growing field crops, the test plot is by the inventive method applied nitrogen, and the results back is surveyed and produced, with the difference of target output, multiply by every 100kg corn amount of nitrogen sucking again, can calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer dosage.Or can be according to the suitable amount of nitrogen of method of fertilization for target yield estimation (can supply the poor of available nitrogen with nitrogen amount and soil), plan fertilizing amount=(the required total nutrient content of plan yield-fertilizer provision from soil amount)/(nutrient content * fertilizer utilization ratio of fertilizer) according to the crop plan yield is required.
The field test results of continuous 3 years (2006-2008) shows: after adopting the present invention, corn yield reaches 10834.45kgha respectively
-1, 12382.59kgha
-1And 13894.06kgha
-1, increase production 7.58%, 5.87% and 5.37% respectively than 2 fertilisings, average rate of growth is 6.27%, on average increases production 662.0kgha
-1Grain number per spike increases 3.98-4.25%, and 100-grain weight increases 1.40%-3.54%.Results back milpa nitrogen accumulation amount 225.36kgha
-1, 240.22kgha
-1And 256.61kgha
-1, increased by 23.03%, 10.60% and 9.54% respectively than 2 fertilisings; Nitrogenous fertilizer this season availability has improved 9.37%, 5.11% and 13.98% respectively, on average improves nitrogenous fertilizer this season availability 9.49%.
The inventor shows the determination and analysis of summer corn each of plant nitrogen accumulation breeding time, emerge and account for the 13.47-16.11% of total amount to jointing nitrogen accumulation amount, jointing accounts for 21.04-28.21% to the typhon mouth phase, typhon mouth phase to the phase of weaving silk accounts for 15.19-15.56%, and phase to the maturing stage of weaving silk accounts for 40.68-50.07%.The present invention is directed to too high this outstanding problem of corn traditional fertilization method mid-early stage proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, according to the corn different growing nitrogenous fertilizer requirement is distributed nitrogenous fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer amount that reduces early stage, move behind the suitable nitrogenous fertilizer, thereby make corn fertilizing period and corn regulation of fertilizer requirement consistent, to guarantee that corn has the appropriate nutrition growth in earlier stage, can guarantee again to satisfy corn to nutrient demand at late growth stage, improve the root system vigor of corn.This fertilizing method can promote corn stalk maturation alive, significantly increases 100-grain weight and utilization rate of fertilizer, improves the irrigated land corn yield.And peasant household's traditional fertilization mode, fertilizer mainly concentrates on early stage, this moment Maize Absorption nutrient ability, fertilizer loss is many, waste is serious.
" nitrogenous fertilizer prerequisite equilibrated retrusion fertilizer practice " that the present invention proposes is that jointing fertilizer is advanced to 3 leaf stretching periods, about 10 days more in advance, the nitrogen fertilizer amount in mid-term reduced moving to the phase of weaving silk and apply, this kind nitrogen application technology meets the nitrogen fertilizer absorption feature of high yield and super high-yielding summer corn.According to the test for many years that the high-yield corn regulation of fertilizer requirement carries out, each growthdevelopmental stage fertilizing amount is basic consistent with corn Nutrient Absorption accumulation, has satisfied the nutrient demand of corn whole growing preferably, so obvious effect of increasing production.This fertilization method mainly is applicable to high yield and super high-yielding corn field of summer.
The present invention also has the advantage of many technological synthesis except that the originality with self.At first, corn fertilizing is extremely remarkable to the fertilization effect influence period.By implementing the present invention, can satisfy the demand of corn growth at corn growth stage reasonable distribution proportion of nitrogen fertilizer to nitrogen.Secondly, in recent years, the fertilising of super high-yielding summer corn is by experience or conventional nutrient diagnosis technology always, bear the character of much blindness, the present invention has determined the need nitrogen rule of super high-yielding summer corn, instructs fertilising in view of the above, can guarantee the accurate quantity ratio of topdressing, improve nitrogenous fertilizer this season availability, reached the purpose of cost-saving synergistic.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: summer corn is grown the nitrogen fertilizer amount in each stage according to realizing that seed manure accounts for 30%, and the typhon mouth phase accounts for 30%, and the phase of weaving silk accounts for 40% nitrogen fertilizer amount ratio and distributes.Wherein seed manure is meant when the 3rd leaf of summer corn has 50% to launch fully, and the typhon mouth phase is meant that the phase of weaving silk was meant when the summer corn filigree has 50% to spue bract when the 12nd leaf of summer corn had 50% to launch fully.
The total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 240-300kgha
-1, the seed manure amount accounts for 30% of nitrogen pool: i.e. nitrogenous fertilizer 72-90kgha
-1, phosphate fertilizer 90kgha
-1, potash fertilizer 60kgha
-1, apply and earthing at seedling stage trench digging, can adopt fertilizer distributor to raise the efficiency; Typhon mouth phase nitrogenous fertilizer 72-90kgha
-1With potash fertilizer 60kgha
-1Employing is spreaded manuer in holes or row replacement is also in time poured water; The phase nitrogenous fertilizer of weaving silk accounts for 40% of nitrogen pool: i.e. nitrogenous fertilizer 96-120kgha
-1Spread manuer in holes or spread fertilizer over the fields and in time pour water.Said herein in time pouring water is meant in after fertilising 24 hours and pours water.
Embodiment 2: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 72kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 72kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 96kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 240kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 90kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 90kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 120kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 300kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 81kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 81kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 106kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 270kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 78kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 78kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 104kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 260kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 87kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 87kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 116kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 290kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 75kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 75kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 100kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 250kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 85.5kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 85.5kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 114kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 285kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 73.5kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 73.5kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 98kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 245kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 76.5kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 76.5kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 102kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 255kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 79.5kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 79.5kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 106kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 265kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 12: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 82.5kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 82.5kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 110kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 275kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 13: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 88.5kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 88.5kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 118kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 295kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 14: in the present embodiment, seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizing amount was 84kgha
-1, typhon mouth phase nitrogen fertilizing amount is 84kgha
-1, the phase nitrogen fertilizing amount of weaving silk is 112kgha
-1, total fertilizing amount of whole growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer is 280kgha
-1, other is identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (3)
1. the nitrogen fertilizer applying method of a high-yield summer maize in moisture soil, it is characterized in that: the total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 240-300kgha
-1, wherein seedling stage sowing amount be 72-90kgha
-1, trench digging applies and earthing; Typhon mouth phase sowing amount is 72-90kgha
-1, employing is spreaded manuer in holes or row replacement is also in time poured water; The phase sowing amount of weaving silk is 96-120kgha
-1, spread manuer in holes or spread fertilizer over the fields and in time pour water.
2. the nitrogen fertilizer applying method of high-yield summer maize in moisture soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be meant described seedling stage when summer corn the 3rd leaf has 50% to launch fully, the typhon mouth phase is meant that the phase of weaving silk was meant when the summer corn filigree has 50% to spue bract when the 12nd leaf of summer corn had 50% to launch fully.
3. the nitrogen fertilizer applying method of high-yield summer maize in moisture soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described in time pouring water is meant in after fertilising 24 hours and pours water.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103561563A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社久保田 | Fertilizing amount setting method, fertilizing amount setting device, and fertilizing amount setting program |
| CN104488432A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-08 | 石河子大学 | High-yield drop irrigation maize soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method |
| CN104756699A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Environment capacity-balanced high-yield cultivation fertilizing method for summer maize of meadow soil district of North Henan |
| CN110122218A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of N application method balancing corn intercrop pea nitrogen supply and demand relationship |
| CN116941494A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-27 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Yield-increasing fertilization method for wheat stubble soybeans in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
-
2009
- 2009-07-22 CN CN200910065496XA patent/CN101720609B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103561563A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社久保田 | Fertilizing amount setting method, fertilizing amount setting device, and fertilizing amount setting program |
| CN104488432A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-08 | 石河子大学 | High-yield drop irrigation maize soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method |
| CN104488432B (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2016-09-14 | 石河子大学 | A kind of high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method |
| CN104756699A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Environment capacity-balanced high-yield cultivation fertilizing method for summer maize of meadow soil district of North Henan |
| CN104756699B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-03-15 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Take into account the Henan north Summer Maize in Meadow Soil high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental carrying capacity |
| CN110122218A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of N application method balancing corn intercrop pea nitrogen supply and demand relationship |
| CN116941494A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-27 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Yield-increasing fertilization method for wheat stubble soybeans in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
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