CN104488432B - A kind of high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method - Google Patents
A kind of high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488432B CN104488432B CN201510003495.8A CN201510003495A CN104488432B CN 104488432 B CN104488432 B CN 104488432B CN 201510003495 A CN201510003495 A CN 201510003495A CN 104488432 B CN104488432 B CN 104488432B
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Abstract
A kind of high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method, front soil basis mineral nitrogen Nmin content and fertilizer treatment pre-stage test is broadcast by detection Semen Maydis, according to the fit equation of total applying Namount Yu yield, to the high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis time of infertility under the conditions of high-density planting, total amount of nitrogen is recommended；By measuring Semen Maydis each growthdevelopmental stage soil mineral nitrogen content, according to the fit equation of Semen Maydis each growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil Yu yield, determine Nitrogen rate provided by soil critical level in each period, and each period is most preferably chased after nitrogen quantity recommend.The high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis of the present invention and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method are with soil for test object, by detection soil Mineral N Nmin content, judge soil-tillage system situation, measurement index can reflect the confession nitrogen ability of soil more directly, exactly, for instructing planting density to be 105000 strains/hm2Left and right, target output is more than 17000kg/hm2Drip irrigation corn fertilizing management there is stronger practicality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation
Method, is specifically related to a kind of according to soil mineral nitrogen content, to high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient
Diagnose, and carry out nitrogenous fertilizer topdress recommend method.
Background technology
Semen Maydis is one of Chinese main cereal crops, and its sown area and yield are all located
In second place of the world, annual production accounts for the 20% of Gross World Product.Applied nitrogen is to increase Semen Maydis and produces
One of important measures of amount and improving quality, the excess of nitrogenous fertilizer is used and not only can not be made corn yield
Be further enhanced, also can cause the serious waste of resource, simultaneously contaminated soil, water body,
Air ecological environment etc..By the acquisition high yield that applies fertilizers scientifically, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce fertilizer
Material is to the demand that the pollution of environment is ecological agriculture development.In drip irrigation and high-density planting condition
Under, the fertilization mode of Semen Maydis lacks the quantitative criteria of science in agricultural production, and very difficult acquisition is
Good fertilization effect and target output.Therefore, explore a set of based on drip irrigation under the conditions of high-density planting
The recommendation method of Semen Maydis amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, to instructing high-yield corn to apply fertilizers scientifically and preventing environment dirty
Dye is respectively provided with highly important meaning.
Soil water-storage is main absorption and the types of transportation of plant nitrogen nutrition, is nitre
State nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen sum, it is possible to reflection plant each growthdevelopmental stage soil-tillage system situation, nitrogenous fertilizer is executed
Consumption is closely related with soil water-storage cumulant.Therefore, if drawing Nitrogen rate provided by soil and product
The corresponding relation of amount, and thus set up drip irrigation Semen Maydis based on soil mineral nitrogen content Nmin
Good nitrogenous fertilizer total amount and the fertilizer index of each stage topdressing amount, i.e. can reach and instruct high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis
The purpose of optimum fertilizer N management.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of based on soil water-storage
The high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis of Nmin and the method for nitrogen fertilizer recommendation.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems comprises the following steps:
(1) sampling and sample treatment: on the low side in soil fertility, corn planting density is 105000
Strain/hm2Covering membrane and drop irrigation farmland, each growthdevelopmental stage every time drip fertilising before, take water dropper on drip irrigation belt
Underface 0～20cm soil layer pedotheque, sampling point is random, and multidraw mixes；Then by institute
Soil sampling fully mixes after going the removal of impurity, weighs 5g soil sample, and adding 50mL concentration is 2mol/L
KCl solution, after vibrating 1 hour with nitrogen-free quantitative filter paper filter, reserved filtrate is standby；Another title
Take 10g soil sample oven drying method and measure soil moisture content；Before broadcasting with core cutter method soil sampling measure 0～
The 20cm soil layer soil weight；
(2) soil water-storage Nmin assay: by standby filtrate in step (1) directly with even
Continuous Flow Analyzer is measured soil nitrate-N, ammonium nitrogen content, then utilizes mineral nitrogen to contain
Amount computing formula Nmin=d × Pb × C × 0.1 obtains soil mineral nitrogen content, in formula: d is soil
Layer thickness cm, Pb are soil weight g/cm3, C be soil nitrate-N and
Ammonium nitrogen content sum mg/kg, 0.1 is conversion coefficient；
(3) recommendation of nitrogenous fertilizer in time of infertility total amount: (broadcast front soil Nmin value according to Nitrogen rate provided by soil
+ fertilizer nitrogen) and the One-place 2-th Order functional equation of yield: Y=-0.0462N2+42.304N+
7390.2(R2=0.8838**) draw, covering membrane and drop irrigation farmland on the low side in soil fertility, plant
Density in planting is 105000 strains/hm2Time, Semen Maydis reaches 17074kg/hm2Maximum output time,
In the time of infertility, total nitrogen requirement is 457.8kg N/hm2, most preferably can supply as soil in the time of infertility
The reference of nitrogen quantity, then nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is determined by formula N=457.8-Nmin, in formula, N
For required nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, Nmin is for broadcasting front soil water-storage basic value, and unit is kg/hm2；
(4) establishment of each growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil critical indicator: be 105000 in planting density
Strain/hm2High yield drip irrigation corn field, jointing stage-take out hero is weaved silk phase 0～20cm Nitrogen rate provided by soil
Marginal value is 152.8kg/hm2, take out hero weave silk the phase-pustulation period is 273.6kg/hm2, the pustulation period-
Period of maturation is 312.7kg/hm2, each growthdevelopmental stage by 0～20cm soil Nmin measured value with
Same time Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value carries out contrast to judge soil-tillage system situation, if soil Nmin
Measured value is greater than or equal to corresponding growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value, then be not required to impose nitrogen
Fertile；If soil Nmin measured value is less than corresponding growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value, then need
Nitrogen Top Dressing；
(5) recommendation of each growthdevelopmental stage optimal nitrogenous fertilizer topdressing amount: after step (5) judges, if native
Earth Nmin measured value is less than corresponding growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value, then chase after nitrogen quantity and recommend
Weave silk phase Nd=152.8-T for: jointing-take out hero；Take out hero to weave silk-pustulation period Nd=273.6-T；
Grouting-period of maturation Nd=312.7-T.In formula, Nd is topdressing amount, before T is fertilising in each period
Soil Nmin measured value, unit is kg/hm2。
The diagnosis of one high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient and the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation side of the present invention
Method, with soil for test object, by detection soil Mineral N Nmin content, judges soil
Earth confession nitrogen status, measurement index can judge the confession nitrogen ability of soil more directly, exactly, right
In instructing 105000 strains/hm2Under the conditions of high-density planting, target output is more than 17000kg/hm2
Drip irrigation corn fertilizing management there is stronger practicality.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.Should be appreciated that this
Preferred embodiment described by place is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not used to limit this
Bright.
Enforcement precondition: covering membrane and drop irrigation farmland on the low side in soil fertility, maize seed
Density in planting is 105000 strains/hm2Left and right, target output is more than 17000kg/hm2。
The time of infertility, (the optimal applying Namount of soil) of total nitrogen requirement determined: supply soil
Nitrogen quantity (broadcasting front soil Nmin value+fertilizer nitrogen) is Y with the One-place 2-th Order functional equation of yield
=-0.0462N2+42.304N+7390.2(R2=0.8838**), in formula: Y is Corn Seeds
Grain yield kg/hm2, N is Nitrogen rate provided by soil kgN/hm2, above formula is sought local derviation, draws in reality
Executing under precondition, Semen Maydis reaches 17074kg/hm2Maximum output time, the time of infertility Semen Maydis
Total nitrogen requirement (the optimal applying Namount of soil) is 457.8kg N/hm2, can be beautiful as the time of infertility
The reference of the total nitrogen requirement of rice.
The time of infertility, nitrogenous fertilizer total amount was recommended: due to the total nitrogen requirement of Semen Maydis in the time of infertility (soil
The optimal applying Namount of earth) for broadcasting front soil Nmin value and fertilizer nitrogen sum, then nitrogenous fertilizer in the time of infertility
Total amount can be determined by below equation: N=Nopt-Nmin, and in formula, N is nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, Nopt
For soil optimal applying Namount 457.8kg N/hm2, Nmin for broadcasting front soil water-storage basic value,
Unit is kg/hm2, then nitrogenous fertilizer in time of infertility total amount is recommended as N=457.8-Nmin.
The establishment of Nitrogen rate provided by soil critical indicator: according to Semen Maydis at the soil of each growthdevelopmental stage
It is as follows that earth applying Namount and yield set up quadratic equation with one unknown:
1, jointing-take out hero weaves silk the phase (after emerging 50～60 days):
Y=-1.0544N2+322.29N-7511.2(R2=0.8578**)；
2, take out hero to weave silk the-pustulation period (after emerging 60～80 days):
Y=-0.2261N2+123.73N+92.9(R2=0.8709**)；
3, grouting-period of maturation (after emerging 80～120 days):
Y=-1577N2+98.63N+1710.0(R2=0.8938**)。
In above formula: Y is maize grain yield (kg/hm2), N is each growthdevelopmental stage soil
Earth applying Namount kg/hm2。
Above formula is sought local derviation, draws when Semen Maydis obtains maximum output, respectively give birth to
The Nitrogen rate provided by soil critical indicator in period is:
1, jointing-take out hero is weaved silk the phase (after emerging 50-60 days): C=152.8kg/hm2；
2, take out hero to weave silk-pustulation period (after emerging 60-80 days): C=273.6kg/hm2；
3, grouting-period of maturation (after emerging 80-120 days): C=312.7kg/hm2；
More than can be used as the diagnosis index of soil nitrogen nutrient in each period.
Embodiment 1: jointing stage-take out hero is weaved silk the recommendation of phase high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis nitrogen fertilizer amount
Method
(1) on the low side in soil fertility, corn planting density is 105000 strains/hm2The overlay film of left and right
In drip irrigation farmland, before jointing-the take out hero phase of weaving silk drips fertilising, take immediately below water dropper on drip irrigation belt
0～20cm soil layer soil sample, sampling point is random, and multidraw mixes；Taken pedotheque is removed
Fully mix after impurity, weigh 5g soil sample, add the KCl that 50mL concentration is 2mol/L molten
Liquid, filters with nitrogen-free quantitative filter paper after vibrating 1 hour, and reserved filtrate is standby；Separately weigh 10g soil
Sample oven drying method measures soil moisture content；
(2) standby filtrate in step (1) is directly measured soil nitre with Continuous Flow Analysis instrument
State nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen content, then utilize mineral nitrogen cubage formula Nmin=d × Pb × C
× 0.1 draws soil mineral nitrogen content, in formula: d is soil thickness cm, and Pb is soil
Earth unit weight g/cm3, C is soil nitrate-N and ammonium nitrogen content sum
Mg/kg, 0.1 is conversion coefficient；
(3) jointing stage-take out hero is weaved silk phase fertilising front 0～20cm soil Nmin measured value with together
Phase 0～20cm Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value 152.8kg/hm2Carry out contrast to judge soil-tillage system
Situation, if soil Nmin measured value is greater than or equal to 152.8kg/hm2, then it is not required to Nitrogen Top Dressing,
If less than 152.8kg/hm2, then Nitrogen Top Dressing is needed；
(4) after step (3) judges, if soil Nmin measured value is less than 152.8kg/hm2, then
Topdressing amount is recommended as: Nd=152.8-T, and in formula, Nd is topdressing amount, and T is fertilising in this period
Front soil Nmin measured value, unit is kg/hm2。
Embodiment 2: take out hero and weave silk the phase-the recommendation of pustulation period high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis nitrogen fertilizer amount
Method
(1) with embodiment 1 differ only in take out hero weave silk-pustulation period sampling；
(2) with embodiment 1；
(3) take out hero weave silk the phase-pustulation period fertilising before by 0～20cm soil Nmin measured value with together
Phase 0～20cm Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value 273.6kg/hm2Carry out contrast to judge soil-tillage system
Situation, if soil Nmin measured value is greater than or equal to 273.6kg/hm2, then it is not required to Nitrogen Top Dressing,
If less than 273.6kg/hm2, then Nitrogen Top Dressing is needed；
(4) after step (3) judges, if soil Nmin measured value is less than 273.6kg/hm2, then
Topdressing amount is recommended as: Nd=273.6-T, and in formula, Nd is topdressing amount, and T is fertilising in this period
Front soil Nmin measured value, unit is kg/hm2。
Embodiment 3: the recommendation method of pustulation period-period of maturation high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis nitrogen fertilizer amount
(1) sample in the grouting-period of maturation with differing only in of embodiment 1；
(2) with embodiment 1；
(3) before in the watery stage-period of maturation fertilising by 0～20cm soil Nmin measured value and the same period 0～
20cm Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value 312.7kg/hm2Carry out contrast to judge soil-tillage system situation,
If soil Nmin measured value is greater than or equal to 312.7kg/hm2, then it is not required to Nitrogen Top Dressing, if low
In 312.7kg/hm2, then Nitrogen Top Dressing is needed；
(4) after step (3) judges, if soil Nmin measured value 312.7kg/hm2, then topdress
Amount is recommended as: Nd=312.7-T, and in formula, Nd is topdressing amount, and T is soil before fertilising in this period
Earth Nmin measured value, unit is kg/hm2。
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to this
Invention, although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, for this area
Technical staff for, the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be carried out by it
Amendment, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent.
All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of being made, equivalent are replaced
Change, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a high yield drip irrigation Semen Maydis soil nutrient diagnosis and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method, it is characterised in that:
(1) sampling and sample treatment: on the low side in soil fertility, corn planting density is 105000 strains/hm2Covering membrane and drop irrigation farmland, each growthdevelopmental stage drips before fertilising every time, takes 0～20cm soil layer pedotheque immediately below water dropper on drip irrigation belt, and sampling point is random, and multidraw mixes；Then fully mixing after soil sample being gone the removal of impurity, weigh 5g soil sample, add the KCl solution that 50mL concentration is 2mol/L, filter with nitrogen-free quantitative filter paper after vibrating 1 hour, reserved filtrate is standby；Separately weigh 10g soil sample oven drying method and measure soil moisture content；0～the 20cm soil layer soil weight is measured by core cutter method soil sampling before broadcasting；
(2) soil water-storage Nmin assay: the standby filtrate in step (1) is directly measured soil nitrate-N, ammonium nitrogen content with Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, then mineral nitrogen cubage formula Nmin=d × Pb × C × 0.1 is utilized to draw soil mineral nitrogen content, in formula: d is soil thickness cm, Pb is soil weight g/cm3, C is soil nitrate-N and ammonium nitrogen content sum mg/kg, and 0.1 is conversion coefficient；
(3) nitrogenous fertilizer in time of infertility total amount is recommended: calculating nitrogenous fertilizer total amount by formula N=457.8-Nmin, in formula, N is nitrogenous fertilizer total amount in the time of infertility, and Nmin is for broadcasting front 0～20cm soil water-storage basic value, and unit is kg/hm2；
(4) establishment of each growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil critical indicator: 0～20cm soil water-storage measured value and Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value of the same period are carried out contrast to judge soil-tillage system situation at each growthdevelopmental stage；It is 105000 strains/hm in planting density2High yield drip irrigation corn field, jointing stage-take out hero phase 0～20cm Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value of weaving silk is 152.8kg/hm2, take out hero weave silk the phase-pustulation period is 273.6kg/hm2, pustulation period-period of maturation is 312.7kg/hm2If soil water-storage measured value is greater than or equal to corresponding growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value, then be not required to Nitrogen Top Dressing, if less than corresponding growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value, then needing Nitrogen Top Dressing；
(5) each growthdevelopmental stage nitrogenous fertilizer most preferably topdresses the recommendation method of consumption: after step (4) judges, if soil water-storage measured value is less than corresponding growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen rate provided by soil marginal value, then chases after nitrogen quantity and be recommended as: jointing-take out hero is weaved silk phase Nd=152.8-T；Take out hero to weave silk-pustulation period Nd=273.6-T；Grouting-period of maturation Nd=312.7-T；In formula, Nd is topdressing amount, and T is soil Nmin measured value before fertilising in each period, and unit is kg/hm2。
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| CN105557166A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子大学 | Drip irrigation cotton field nitrogen application management method based on GIS |
| CN105960922A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | {0><}0{>Cotton field urea application method based on soil nitrogen balance |
| CN106717425B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-06-02 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for recommending nitrogen fertilizer to crops by using relative SPAD values of plant leaves |
| CN109596455A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer |
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| CN114946575A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-08-30 | 云南省农业科学院 | Method for excavating sugarcane yield potential by controlling mulching film covering time |
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| CN101318858A (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2008-12-10 | 石河子大学 | Clear liquid complex fertilizer special for high concentration drip irrigation and method of preparing the same |
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| FI107368B (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-07-31 | Kemira Agro Oy | Process for fertilizing cultural plants to optimize the quantity and quality of the harvest |
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