CN109596455A - Method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer, determine Chinese fir to N element, P element, the accurate content of K element, to prepare the special fertilizer for meeting Chinese fir growth demand by setting alimentation entirely.Chinese fir can be made to improve 25% or more yield using Chinese fir special fertilizer prepared by this method, reduce Fertilizer application amount, reduce cost, there are more significant economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparation technical fields, and in particular to one kind is for precisely determining N, P, K in Chinese fir special fertilizer
The method of content.
[background technique]
Chinese fir is the distinctive fast-growing commerical tree species of south China.The growth of its growth characteristic is fast, yield is high, widely used, at
Product China fir form road is directly satisfactory, and the grain of wood is logical straight, material is gently tough, and intensity is applicable in, fragrant odour, pest-resistant corrosion resistant.In SOIL GAS
In the case that time condition is suitable for, the raising to Chinese fir yield and quality is the most significantly breeding cultivation and fertilizer science.For
The fertilizer that Chinese fir uses, due to different stages of growth regulation of fertilizer requirement, soil supplying nutrient capability, nutrient element and its utilization rate of fertilizer etc.
The multifactor differences such as diversity, chronicity, the complexity of different and Chinese fir growth demand, cause the fertilization theory for Chinese fir
Start late with technology, scientific and accuracy is difficult to hold, let alone accuracy so that Fertilizer application it is unreasonable,
The problems such as Chinese fir slow growth.
Based on this, present inventor have passed through many decades and study assiduously, for Chinese fir nutrient absorption Distribution dynamics, mainly
The series of studies such as the utilization rate forward of soil supplying nutrient capability and each fertilizer nutrient, form technical solution of the present invention, realize
The accurate proportioning of Chinese fir fertilizer a great number of elements.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention provides a kind of method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer, to solve existing Chinese fir
It is unreasonable, not accurate with element proportion in fertilizer, it is difficult to the problems such as meeting Chinese fir growth demand, causing Chinese fir slow growth.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer, the described method comprises the following steps:
S1: selecting investigation sample prescription in Chinese fir Lin Zhongxuan to be applied fertilizer, and measures the Chinese fir diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and tree height in sample prescription and calculates Chinese fir
Mean DBH increment and tree are high, cut down as standard selection criteria wood, distinguish section with every 2m by Monsic Slice by slice cutting method for one, press
Tree root, trunk, branch, four organoid of leaf divide and weigh fresh weight respectively, choose representative sample from four organoids
And fresh weight is weighed respectively, dry weight is weighed after drying to constant weight respectively again, finally calculates the total of four organoid biomass of standard Chinese fir
Dry weight；
S2: take respectively the tree root in step S1, trunk, branch, four organoid of leaf representative sample and weigh respectively
Then fresh weight measures the content of tree root, the full N of four organoid of trunk, branch and leaf, full P, full K respectively；
S3: measuring Chinese fir woods soil N, P to be applied fertilizer, K element content, calculates soil N, P, K utilization rate；
S4: Chinese fir is calculated separately out to the demand of N, P, K element using formula, wherein formula is
In formula:
Y is demand of the Chinese fir to N (P or K), kg/hm2；
WRootFor tree root biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XRootFor the content of tree root N (P or K), g/kg；
WIt is dryFor main dry biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XIt is dryFor the content of trunk N (P or K), g/kg；
WBranchFor branch biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XBranchFor the content of branch N (P or K), g/kg；
WLeafFor leaf biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XLeafFor the content of leaf N (P or K), g/kg；
C is the content of N (P or K) in soil, mg/kg；
D is the soil weight, g/cm3；
H is root system depth, cm；
A is forest cover (Chinese fir hat width accounting)；
T is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in soil, %；
F is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in fertilizer, %.
S5: calculating N, P, K demand of Chinese fir according to S4, then calculates N fertile (in terms of N), P fertilizer (with P2O5Meter), K fertilizer
(with K2O meter) usage amount then obtains the content of N, P, K in Chinese fir special fertilizer.
The normal wood quantity is 3.
The N is measured as full N, uses measuring method for " measurements of forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter "；P,K
Be measured as full P, full K, use measuring method for " forest plants and forest litter total silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium,
Phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, copper, Direct spectrophotometry ".
The measurement of the full N uses the way of distillation.
The measurement of the full P uses molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
The measurement of the full K uses flame spectrometry.
It is described the flower of Chinese fir, fruit organ classes to be weighed fresh weight in flowering fruit bearing stage, weighed again after drying to constant weight respectively
Dry weight；Choose Chinese fir, fruit organ representative sample weigh fresh weight respectively, then respectively measurement Chinese fir, fruit organ full N,
The content of full P, full K.
The Chinese fir, Chinese fir fruit N be measured as full N, using " the survey of forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter
It is fixed "；Chinese fir, Chinese fir fruit P, K be measured as full P, full K, using " forest plants and forest litter total silicon, iron, aluminium,
Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, copper, Direct spectrophotometry ".
The measurement of the full N uses the way of distillation.
Flowering fruit bearing stage Chinese fir is to the calculation formula of N, P, K element demand
In formula:
Y is demand of the Chinese fir to N (P or K), kg/hm2；
WRootFor tree root biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XRootFor the content of tree root N (P or K), g/kg；
WIt is dryFor main dry biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XIt is dryFor the content of trunk N (P or K), g/kg；
WBranchFor branch biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XBranchFor the content of branch N (P or K), g/kg；
WLeafFor leaf biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XLeafFor the content of leaf N (P or K), g/kg；
WFlowerTo set flower biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XFlowerFor the content for setting flower N (P or K), g/kg；
WFruitTo set fruit biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XFruitFor the content for setting fruit N (P or K), g/kg；
C is the content of N (P or K) in soil, mg/kg；
D is the soil weight, g/cm3；
H is root system depth, cm；
A is forest cover (Chinese fir hat width accounting)；
T is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in soil, %；
F is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in fertilizer, %.
The method suitable for Chinese fir nursery stock, young growth, grow into forest, grow into forest, in the growth phase Chinese fir special fertilizer of mature forest
N, the determination of P, K content.
The invention has the advantages that can precisely determine Chinese fir growth phase to N, P, K element according to the technical solution of the present invention
Content demand, thus precisely prepare meet Chinese fir growth special fertilizer.It can be made using Chinese fir special fertilizer prepared by this method
Chinese fir improve 25% or more yield, reduce Fertilizer application amount, reduce by 15% or more cost, have more significant economic benefit,
Social benefit and ecological benefits.
[specific embodiment]
It to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, is illustrated by following embodiment, these embodiments belong to of the invention
Protection scope, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer, method the following steps are included:
S1: selecting investigation sample prescription in Chinese fir Lin Zhongxuan to be applied fertilizer, and measures the Chinese fir diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and tree height in sample prescription and calculates Chinese fir
Mean DBH increment and tree are high, cut down as standard selection criteria wood, distinguish section with every 2m by Monsic Slice by slice cutting method for one, press
Tree root, trunk, branch, four organoid of leaf divide and weigh fresh weight respectively, choose representative sample from four organoids
And fresh weight is weighed respectively, dry weight is weighed after drying to constant weight respectively again, finally calculates the total of four organoid biomass of standard Chinese fir
Dry weight；
S2: take respectively the tree root in step S1, trunk, branch, four organoid of leaf representative sample and weigh respectively
Then fresh weight measures the content of tree root, the full N of four organoid of trunk, branch and leaf, full P, full K respectively；
S3: measuring Chinese fir woods soil N, P to be applied fertilizer, K element content, calculates soil N, P, K utilization rate；
S4: Chinese fir is calculated separately out to the demand of N, P, K element using formula, wherein formula is
In formula:
Y is demand of the Chinese fir to N (P or K), kg/hm2；
WRootFor tree root biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XRootFor the content of tree root N (P or K), g/kg；
WIt is dryFor main dry biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XIt is dryFor the content of trunk N (P or K), g/kg；
WBranchFor branch biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XBranchFor the content of branch N (P or K), g/kg；
WLeafFor leaf biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XLeafFor the content of leaf N (P or K), g/kg；
C is the content of N (P or K) in soil, mg/kg；
D is the soil weight, g/cm3；
H is root system depth, cm；
A is forest cover (Chinese fir hat width accounting)；
T is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in soil, %；
F is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in fertilizer, %.
S5: calculating N, P, K demand of Chinese fir according to S4, then calculates N fertile (in terms of N), P fertilizer (with P2O5Meter), K fertilizer
(with K2O meter) usage amount then obtains the content of N, P, K in Chinese fir special fertilizer.
Normal wood quantity is 3.
N is measured as full N, uses measuring method for " measurements of forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter "；P, K is measured
For full P, full K, use measuring method for " forest plants and forest litter total silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus,
Sulphur, manganese, copper, Direct spectrophotometry ".
The measurement of full N uses the way of distillation.
The measurement of full P uses molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
The measurement of full K uses flame spectrometry.
Can also the flower of Chinese fir, fruit organ classes be weighed fresh weight in flowering fruit bearing stage, weighed again after drying to constant weight respectively dry
Weight；Choose Chinese fir, fruit organ representative sample weigh fresh weight respectively, then respectively measure Chinese fir, fruit organ full N, entirely
P, the content of full K.
Chinese fir, Chinese fir fruit N be measured as full N, use measuring method for " forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter
Measurement "；Chinese fir, Chinese fir fruit P, K be measured as full P, full K, use measuring method for " forest plants and forest dry branches and fallen leaves
Layer total silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, copper, Direct spectrophotometry ".
The measurement of full N uses the way of distillation.
The measurement of full P uses molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
The measurement of full K uses flame spectrometry.
Flowering fruit bearing stage Chinese fir is to the calculation formula of N, P, K element demand
In formula:
Y is demand of the Chinese fir to N (P or K), kg/hm2；
WRootFor tree root biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XRootFor the content of tree root N (P or K), g/kg；
WIt is dryFor main dry biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XIt is dryFor the content of trunk N (P or K), g/kg；
WBranchFor branch biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XBranchFor the content of branch N (P or K), g/kg；
WLeafFor leaf biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XLeafFor the content of leaf N (P or K), g/kg；
C is the content of N (P or K) in soil, mg/kg；
D is the soil weight, g/cm3；
H is root system depth, cm；
A is forest cover (Chinese fir hat width accounting)；
T is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in soil, %；
F is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in fertilizer, %.
Method suitable for Chinese fir nursery stock, young growth, grow into forest, grow into forest, N, P, K in the growth phase Chinese fir special fertilizer of mature forest
The determination of content.
Comparative example 1
The Common compound fertilizer proportion sold using market is N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, the fertilizer for applying 1 with embodiment are applied
It is all the same with time, fertilizer application frequency and dose.
Test process:
1 year age of tree and the essentially identical Chinese fir woods of 9 years age of tree robust growths, growing ways is selected to make in Tiane counties and districts woods piece forest farm
It for test plot, obtains after measured, 1 year age of tree Chinese fir timbered soil capacity is 1.15, and root system depth is 37cm, forest cover
(Chinese fir hat width accounting) is 0.2, N element content 138.8mg/kg in soil, P element content 0.8mg/kg in soil, K in soil
Constituent content 59.7mg/kg, the utilization rate 32% of N element in soil, the utilization rate 19% of P element in soil, K element in soil
Utilization rate 36%, the utilization rate 35% of N element in fertilizer, the utilization rate 22% of P element in fertilizer, in fertilizer K element benefit
With rate 47%.9 years age of tree Chinese fir timbered soil capacity are 1.10, and root system depth is 124cm, and (Chinese fir hat width accounts for forest cover
Than) it is 0.7, N element content 111.4mg/kg in soil, P element content 1.5mg/kg in soil, K element content in soil
38.6mg/kg, the utilization rate 32% of N element in soil, the utilization rate 20% of P element in soil, in soil K element utilization rate
35%, the utilization rate 35% of N element in fertilizer, the utilization rate 22% of P element in fertilizer, in fertilizer K element utilization rate 47%.
In test plot, 3 investigation sample prescriptions are randomly choosed, each investigation sample prescription (20m × 20m) is with enclosing ruler and altitude meter
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the tree for measuring Chinese fir are high, and the Chinese fir for selecting 1 plant of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and tree height to meet measurement mean value is cuted down, uses as normal wood
Monsic Slice by slice cutting method, every 2m are a differentiation section, (contain major branch and side according to tree root (containing taproot and lateral root), trunk, branch
Branch), leaf weigh each organ of whole tree body fresh weight.Each organ takes a small amount of representative sample to weigh fresh weight respectively, is then dried to
Constant weight weighs dry weight again, calculates each organ moisture content, finally calculates the biomass gross dry weight of each organ of normal wood.
Method is supported using full tree nutrition to organs such as Chinese fir tree root, trunk, branch, leaves and measures full N, full P, full K content: is complete
N is measured according to standard LY/T 1269-1999 " measurements of forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter " using the way of distillation；Full K
According to standard LY/T 1270-1999 " forest plants and forest litter total silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, sulphur,
Manganese, copper, Direct spectrophotometry " disappeared using nitric acid-perchloric acid and is boiled, atomic absorption spectroscopy determination；Full P uses nitric acid-perchloric acid
Disappear and boils, molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method measurement；Measurement result is as shown in table 1, table 2.
Tree alimentation measures each organotrophy's constituent content of 1 year age of tree Chinese fir to table 1 entirely
Tree alimentation measures each organotrophy's constituent content of 9 years age of tree Chinese firs to table 2 entirely
| Organ | Biomass dry weight (t/hm2) | N(g/kg) | P(g/kg) | K(g/kg) |
| Tree root | 16.73 | 3.76 | 0.81 | 16.73 |
| Trunk | 73.84 | 2.29 | 0.54 | 73.84 |
| Branch | 15.29 | 6.37 | 0.92 | 15.29 |
| Leaf | 20.38 | 21.22 | 1.46 | 20.38 |
It is computed, 1 age Chinese fir is N:P using the proportion of fertilizer2O5:K2O=7:13:10,9 age Chinese firs use fertilizer
Proportion be N:P2O5:K2O=13:10:12.
In the essentially identical Chinese fir forest land of 1 year age of tree of test plot simultaneous selection and 9 years age of tree robust growths, growing ways, often
The kind age of tree selects Chinese fir 400 respectively, is divided into 2 groups, every group 400, fertilizer uses the fertilizer of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 respectively
Material, other pipe irrigation projects are identical, and every kind of age of tree Chinese fir is used continuously 2 years, and fertilising is applied fertilizer 1 time March current year, 1 age and 9 age China firs
The annual dose every time of tree is respectively 750kg/hm2And 1250kg/hm2.Being averaged for annual every group of Chinese fir is counted respectively within continuous 3 years
Set height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, year fertilizer application amount.
31 years age of tree Chinese fir doses of table and growing state statistical data
49 years age of tree Chinese fir doses of table and growing state statistical data
From upper table 3, table 4 it is found that using the embodiment of the present invention 1 compared with the comparative example 1 for using common fertilizer, embodiment
1 tree is high, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground be superior to 1,1 age of comparative example and 9 age Chinese fir continuous fertilizations after 2 years increment be respectively increased 29.89%
With 25.43%.Therefore, fertilizer prepared by the present invention is significant to the growth of Chinese fir.
Claims (10)
1. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer, which is characterized in that the method includes following steps
It is rapid:
S1: selecting investigation sample prescription in Chinese fir Lin Zhongxuan to be applied fertilizer, and measures the Chinese fir diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and tree height in sample prescription and calculates being averaged for Chinese fir
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and tree are high, cut down as standard selection criteria wood, section are distinguished with every 2m by Monsic Slice by slice cutting method for one, by tree
Root, trunk, branch, four organoid of leaf divide and weigh fresh weight respectively, choose representative sample simultaneously from four organoids
Fresh weight is weighed respectively, weighs dry weight after drying to constant weight respectively again, finally calculates the total dry of four organoid biomass of standard Chinese fir
Weight；
S2: take respectively the tree root in step S1, trunk, branch, four organoid of leaf representative sample and weigh fresh weight respectively,
Then the content of tree root, the full N of four organoid of trunk, branch and leaf, full P, full K are measured respectively；
S3: measuring Chinese fir woods soil N, P to be applied fertilizer, K element content, calculates soil N, P, K utilization rate；
S4: Chinese fir is calculated separately out to the demand of N, P, K element using formula, wherein formula is
In formula:
Y is demand of the Chinese fir to N (P or K), kg/hm2；
WRootFor tree root biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XRootFor the content of tree root N (P or K), g/kg；
WIt is dryFor main dry biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XIt is dryFor the content of trunk N (P or K), g/kg；
WBranchFor branch biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XBranchFor the content of branch N (P or K), g/kg；
WLeafFor leaf biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XLeafFor the content of leaf N (P or K), g/kg；
C is the content of N (P or K) in soil, mg/kg；
D is the soil weight, g/cm3；
H is root system depth, cm；
A is forest cover (Chinese fir hat width accounting)；
T is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in soil, %；
F is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in fertilizer, %；
S5: calculating N, P, K demand of Chinese fir according to S4, then calculates N fertile (in terms of N), P fertilizer (with P2O5Meter), K fertilizer (with
K2O meter) usage amount then obtains the content of N, P, K in Chinese fir special fertilizer.
2. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating normal wood quantity is 3.
3. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states N and is measured as full N, use measuring method for " measurements of forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter "；P, K be measured as full P,
Full K, use measuring method for " forest plants and forest litter total silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese,
Copper, Direct spectrophotometry ".
4. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
The measurement for stating full N uses the way of distillation.
5. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The measurement for stating full P and full K uses molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method and flame spectrometry.
6. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Fresh weight can also be weighed, weigh dry weight after drying to constant weight respectively again in flowering fruit bearing stage by the flower of Chinese fir, fruit organ classes by stating；It chooses
Chinese fir, fruit organ representative sample weigh fresh weight respectively, then measure Chinese fir, the full N of fruit organ, full P, full K respectively
Content.
7. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 6, which is characterized in that institute
State Chinese fir, the N of Chinese fir fruit is measured as full N, use measuring method for the " survey of forest plants and the full nitrogen of forest litter
It is fixed "；Chinese fir, Chinese fir fruit P, K be measured as full P, full K, use measuring method for " forest plants are complete with forest litter
Silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, copper, Direct spectrophotometry ".
8. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 7, which is characterized in that institute
The measurement of full N is stated using the way of distillation, the measurement of full P uses molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, and the measurement of full K uses flame spectrometry.
9. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 6, which is characterized in that institute
State Chinese fir is to the calculation formula of N, P, K element demand
In formula:
Y is demand of the Chinese fir to N (P or K), kg/hm2；
WRootFor tree root biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XRootFor the content of tree root N (P or K), g/kg；
WIt is dryFor main dry biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XIt is dryFor the content of trunk N (P or K), g/kg；
WBranchFor branch biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XBranchFor the content of branch N (P or K), g/kg；
WLeafFor leaf biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XLeafFor the content of leaf N (P or K), g/kg；
WFlowerTo set flower biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XFlowerFor the content for setting flower N (P or K), g/kg；
WFruitTo set fruit biomass dry weight, t/hm2；
XFruitFor the content for setting fruit N (P or K), g/kg；
C is the content of N (P or K) in soil, mg/kg；
D is the soil weight, g/cm3；
H is root system depth, cm；
A is forest cover (Chinese fir hat width accounting)；
T is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in soil, %；
F is the utilization rate of N (P or K) in fertilizer, %.
10. the method for precisely determining N, P, K content in Chinese fir special fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State method suitable for Chinese fir nursery stock, young growth, grow into forest, grow into forest, N, P, K content in the growth phase Chinese fir special fertilizer of mature forest
It determines.
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| CN110642657A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-03 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for drip irrigation cultivation of poplar |
Citations (11)
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