CN104472047B - A kind of soil improvement method in vineyard, red earth area - Google Patents
A kind of soil improvement method in vineyard, red earth area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides the soil improvement method in vineyard, a kind of red earth area, comprise the following steps: the selected soil fertility index needing improvement；Determine the desired value of soil fertility index；Determine the buffer value of soil fertility index；Measure the soil fertility index before improvement；Determine that farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight；Set up and soil fertility index is regulated the computation model to desired value；Determine material of improving the soil；Calculating is improved the soil material usage；Use improve the soil material and the operation that carries out improving the soil.The material of improving the soil that the method adopts is all pure nutritious material, and cost performance is high, be prone to buying.The operation of improving the soil of the method is built the soil arrangement transformation in plough whole ground or old vineyard before garden and is combined with Fructus Vitis viniferae, does not additionally increase operating cost of improving the soil, and can make to improve the soil material dispersion in soil evenly, obtains better improving soil.Application this method can save fertilizer investment and the workload improved the soil of applying fertilizer, and improves the yield and quality of Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vinegrowing technical field, be specifically related to the soil improvement method in vineyard, a kind of red earth area, adopt when being suitable for the newly-built vineyard plantation of south China characteristic of acid red soil area or the transformation of old vineyard.
Background technology
Fructus Vitis viniferae is a kind of perennial fruit, can gather in the crops 30 60 years after general plantation.In South China of China owing to light and temperature condition is better, it is possible within 1 year, gather in the crops twice, therefore just develop with fast speed in recent years.The soil in newly-built vineyard, South China of China is generally characteristic of acid red soil, part does not cover the old vineyard of day film owing to long-term fertilizing management is improper and rainwater drenches punching, soil is acidifying gradually, and foundation soil condition is unfavorable to growth promoter and the high yield and high quality of Fructus Vitis viniferae, it is therefore desirable to soil is improved.
Soil improvement is usually to soil application soil conditioner or material of improving the soil.Soil conditioner or material of improving the soil are broadly divided into the acidifying modified form of limy class, containing organic or humus fertilizer class modified form, and the three types such as the biological modification type containing beneficial microbe etc..The consumption of soil conditioner or material of improving the soil, currently without concrete measuring method, relies primarily on experience or the suggestion about producer.Owing to soil property and the fertility in different plot are widely different, the application effect of various soil conditioners and soil improvement material is very unstable.
Current south China vinegrowing common practice is first to ditch, then substantial amounts of fertilizer and Calx are used, plant grape seedlings again, application of organic fertilizers and Calx are improved the soil year by year later, this way owing to not improveing preferably soil before garden built by Fructus Vitis viniferae, build the strength that several years ago will cost a lot of money every year behind garden to improve the soil, and owing to using of fertilizer and Calx is also very lack of standardization, soil improvement material is not sufficiently mixed with soil, improving soil is unsatisfactory, the improper measures sometimes due to improve the soil, Fructus Vitis viniferae bad root phenomenon even occurs, the normal growth affecting Fructus Vitis viniferae is grown.
Summary of the invention
For problem above, create a kind of good soil environment to grow to grape growth, the invention provides a kind of in conjunction with Fructus Vitis viniferae build the soil before garden whole and farming and the method that carries out soil improvement.
The soil improvement method in vineyard, a kind of red earth area, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved；
Step 2: determine the desired value M of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing；
Step 3: determine the buffer value C of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing；
Step 4: measure the soil fertility index S before improvement, farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight W to adopt following formula to determine:
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness × 667 × 1.1/1000 (million kilograms)；
Then, set up soil fertility index is regulated the computation model to the nutrient element amount F added required for desired value；
F=(M-S) × C × W；
In above formula, F needs the nutrient element amount or Paris white amount (kilogram) that increase
The desired value (mg/kg) of M soil fertility index
The measured value (mg/kg) of S current soil fertility index
C soil fertility index buffer value (kilogram/million kilograms)
W farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight (million kilograms)
Step 5: determine the material of improving the soil of soil improvement；
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, and then nutrient element gauge calculates material usage contained by material.
Step 7: use material of improving the soil the operation that carries out improving the soil according to the material usage that step 6 is determined.
By after the above-mentioned material mixing of improving the soil determined before arable land, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, again by soil rotary tillage once, can completing operation of improving the soil, the method material that can make to improve the soil is dispersed in soil, plays better improving soil.Just can open plantation ditch after completing above-mentioned operation of improving the soil according to a conventional method or plant plant hole plantation Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Described in step 1, the selected soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing includes soil pH value, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and Available cupper content.
Carrying out vineyard soil improvement is create a kind of excellent soil environment for grape growth, this excellent soil environment can define with a series of soil fertility indexs, each soil fertility index has a lower bound and high limit, lower than lower bound or all that grape growth is unfavorable higher than high limit.South China area Fructus Vitis viniferae is mainly planted in characteristic of acid red soil and red earth, these soil have the feature that some are common, namely some soil fertility index such as soil pH, available phosphorus content, effective potassium content etc. is usually less than lower limit, and likely occur more than except the situation of high limit except effective iron content, effective Fe content and calcium/magnesium ratio, other soil fertility index is typically not exceedes high limit, and the too high acidity improveing soil of generally can passing through of the effective iron content in soil, effective Fe content is so as to reduce.Soil characteristic according to Red Soils in Southern China district, in conjunction with the long-term fertilising custom in vineyard and being actually needed of grape growth growth, and through years of researches, the present invention selectes 8 soil fertility indexs such as soil pH, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and the Available cupper content soil fertility index as vineyard soil improvement.
When step 2 is determined the desired value M of the soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing, the present invention is in order to after making plantation Fructus Vitis viniferae for many years, these soil fertility indexs still can be in the lower limit being not less than optimal level, based on the level value that current these soil fertility indexs needs are reached, considering the Fructus Vitis viniferae production of the continuous 20 30 years requirement to soil nutrient environment, fertilising in Fructus Vitis viniferae production process, Fructus Vitis viniferae is fixing to the absorption of nutrient to the absorption of soil nutrient and soil and after the factor such as the efficiency of soil improvement, through years of researches and correction, present invention determine that the desired value of these 8 soil fertility indexs, carrying out soil improvement by this method is exactly that these 8 soil fertility indexs are regulated to arriving close to desired value level, the desired value of these 8 soil fertility indexs is identified as: soil pH value 5.7, exchangeable potassium 110mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 840mg/kg, exchangeable magnesium 130mg/kg, available phosphorus 42mg/kg, effective boron 0.6mg/kg, effective zinc 2.2mg/kg and Available cupper 1.2mg/kg.Owing to the desired value of these 8 soil fertility indexs determined is a value between suitable lower bound and suitable high limit, therefore formulate concrete improve the soil scheme time, can be as the case may be, certain or some soil fertility indexs can be allowed to be slightly above and below determined desired value after improvement, and grape growth will not be grown and be adversely affected by this situation.
Step 3 is determined the buffer value of soil fertility index it is necessary to calculate and soil fertility index is adjusted to the nutrient quantity or amount of lime added required for desired value level, namely determine the buffer value of soil fertility index.Soil fertility index buffer value refers to that above-mentioned 7 soil fertility indexs except soil pH often improve 1mg/kg, and every million kilograms of soil need the quality (kilogram) of the nutrient element added；Soil pH buffer value refers to that soil pH value often improves 1, and every million kilograms of soil need the quality (kilogram) of the Paris white added.Research through the soil to main grape growing region measures, the buffer value of these 8 soil fertility indexs that this method is determined is respectively: soil pH value 1450, exchangeable potassium 1.19, exchangeable calcium 1.12, exchangeable magnesium 1.25, available phosphorus 5.7, effective boron 3.11, effective zinc 2.13 and Available cupper 2.78, unit is kilogram/million kilograms.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the described soil fertility index employing measured before improveing is following step by step:
1) soil sample: in the plot carrying out soil improvement, along S type route, according to the principle that random, equivalent and multiple spot mix, gather farming and improve the soil a layer pedotheque, the sampled point 25-30 of each sample, the soil of collection is left and taken according to quartering the sample of 1kg；
2) analyzing detection: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, adopt conventional method of analysis that 8 selected soil improvement indexs are detected, soil pH measures and adopts the soil ratio of 2.5:1 to soak pH meter；After the ammonium acetate lixiviate of soil exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium 1M, potassium flare photometer, calcium and magnesium computed microstructure detect；Soil available phosphorus Olsen method；Effective Boron of Soil is with, after hot water extraction, using curcumin colorimetric determination；Soil Available Zinc and Available cupper DTPA lixiviate computed microstructure measure.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described to use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be by after the material mixing of improving the soil determined before arable land, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in ground, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is defined below:
What the present invention regulated that various soil fertility index selects improve the soil material selects to determine according to strong points, pollution-free, low cost, easily buying and the principle such as multi-functional, and the adjustment of each soil fertility index uses materials described below respectively.
PH regulator: use Paris white.Paris white is when sweetening of the soil acidity, and the impact of other character of soil is gentleer, can provide calcium nutrition simultaneously.
Soil available phosphorus: use calcium magnesium phosphate.South China vineyard soil belongs to characteristic of acid red soil or red earth more, and calcium magnesium phosphate is best suited for the material of improving the soil of this kind of soil, and calcium magnesium phosphate is while providing phosphorus nutrition, moreover it is possible to provide calcium and magnesium.
Soil exchangeable potassium regulates: use potassium sulfate.Potassium sulfate is also provided that sulfur while providing potassium nutrition.
Soil exchangeable calcium regulates: use calcium magnesium phosphate.Soil pH it is adjusted to desired value when adding Paris white and adds and after calcium magnesium phosphate is adjusted to desired value soil available phosphorus content, if Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil is still not up to desired value, regulate with increasing calcium magnesium phosphate consumption, the soil available phosphorus content increased in this way can make soil available phosphorus content exceed desired value, but still can be in optimum range, and succeeding crop is had beneficial effect by the phosphorus deposit that can increase in soil.
Content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates: use magnesium potassium sulfate.Magnesium potassium sulfate is while providing magnesium nutrition, moreover it is possible to provide potassium and sulfur, economical and practical, it is easy to buying.
Effective Boron of Soil regulates: using Borax, Borax is most economical applicable boron fertilizer, it is easy to buying.
Soil Available Zinc regulates: using zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate is most economical applicable zinc fertilizer, it is easy to buying.
Soil Available Copper regulates: use copper sulphate pentahydrate, and copper sulphate pentahydrate is that most economical applicable copper is fertile, it is easy to buying.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the consumption of the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement determines the following principle of employing:
A) Paris white consumption is determined.Use Paris white and soil pH is adjusted to desired value.
B) calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is determined.First use calcium magnesium phosphate and soil available phosphorus content is adjusted to desired value；Then the calcium that comprehensive soil pH and available phosphorus content increase after being adjusted to desired value in soil, check whether soil exchangeable calcium reaches desired value, if going back miss the mark value, then by the method increasing calcium magnesium phosphate consumption, Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil is adjusted to desired value.
C) consumption of magnesium potassium sulfate is determined.In conjunction with the magnesium that calcium magnesium phosphate has increased, use magnesium potassium sulfate and soil exchangeable content of magnesium is adjusted to desired value；Inspection calcium and magnesium ratio, if calcium and magnesium ratio is more than 20, then by the method increasing magnesium potassium sulfate consumption, regulates calcium and magnesium ratio to less than 20.
D) consumption of potassium sulfate is determined.In conjunction with the potassium that magnesium potassium sulfate has increased, use potassium sulfate and soil exchangeable potassium content is adjusted to desired value.
E) consumption of Borax is determined.Use Borax and the effective boron content of soil is brought up to desired value.
F) consumption of zinc sulfate monohydrate is determined.Use zinc sulfate monohydrate and effective Zn content of soil is brought up to desired value.
G) consumption of copper sulphate pentahydrate is determined.Use copper sulphate pentahydrate and the Available cupper content of soil is brought up to desired value.
According to mentioned above principle, the consumption of the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is defined below:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determinedCaC:
If soil pH measured value is more than or equal to soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCValue is 0；If soil pH measured value is less than soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCIt is calculated as follows:
FCaC=(MpH-soil pH) × CpH× W；
In above formula, MpHFor soil pH desired value, CpHFor soil pH buffer value；
2) the total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphate is determinedP:
S1: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption FP1:
If soil available phosphorus measured value is more than or equal to soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1Value is 0；
If soil available phosphorus measured value is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1It is calculated as follows:
FP1=(MP-soil available phosphorus content) × CP×W/HP；
In above formula, MPFor soil available phosphorus desired value, CPFor soil available phosphorus buffer value, HPFor the phosphorus content in calcium magnesium phosphate；
S2: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption FP2:
FP2=[(MCa-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FCaC×(H1Ca/W)/CCa-FP1×(H2Ca/W)/CCa)]×CCa×W/H2Ca
In above formula, MCaFor soil exchangeable calcium desired value, CCaFor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, H1CaFor the calcium content in Paris white, H2CaFor the calcium content in calcium magnesium phosphate；
If FP2Less than 0, then FP2Value is 0；
S3: determine total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP: FP=FP1+FP2
3) magnesium potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedSPM:
S1: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption FSPM1
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption is that soil exchangeable content of magnesium is adjusted to the magnesium potassium sulfate consumption needed for desired value, the 1st consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM1It is calculated as follows:
FSPM1=[MMg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg]×CMg×W/H2Mg；
In above formula, MMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium desired value, CMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H1MgFor the content of magnesium in calcium magnesium phosphate, H2MgFor the content of magnesium in magnesium potassium sulfate；
If FSPM1Less than 0, then FSPM1Value is 0；
S2: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption is that the ratio of soil exchangeable calcium Yu exchangeable magnesium is adjusted to less than 20 required magnesium potassium sulfate consumptions, magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2It is calculated as follows:
FSPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(FCaC×H1Ca/W)/CCa+(FP×H2Ca/W)/CCa]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg-(FSPM1×H2Mg/W)/CMg}×CMg×W/H2Mg；
In above formula, FCaCFor described Paris white consumption, FPFor the described total consumption of calcium magnesium phosphate, CCaFor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, CMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H1CaFor the calcium content in Paris white, H2CaFor the calcium content in calcium magnesium phosphate, H1MgFor the content of magnesium in calcium magnesium phosphate, H2MgFor the content of magnesium in magnesium potassium sulfate；
If FSPM2Less than 0, then FSPM2Value is 0；
S3: determine total consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM: FSPM=FSPM1+FSPM2
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedKS:
FKS=[MK-available potassium in soils content-(FSPM×H1K/W)/CK]×CK×W/H2K(kg/acre)；
In above formula, MKFor soil exchangeable potassium desired value, CKFor soil exchangeable potassium buffer value, FSPMFor described magnesium potassium sulfate consumption, H1KFor the potassium content of magnesium potassium sulfate, H2KFor the potassium content in potassium sulfate；
IfKS0, thenKSValue is 0；
5) Borax consumption F is determinedB:
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is more than or equal to Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the consumption F of BoraxBIt is 0；If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the amount of application F of BoraxBIt is calculated as follows:
FB=(MB-Effective Boron of Soil content) × CB×W/HB
In above formula, MBFor Effective Boron of Soil desired value, CBFor Effective Boron of Soil buffer value, HBFor the Boron contents in Borax；
6) zinc sulfate monohydrate consumption F is determinedZn:
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of zinc sulfate monohydrateZnIt is 0；If Soil Available Zinc measured value is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of zinc sulfate monohydrateZnIt is calculated as follows:
FZn=(MZn-Available Zn content in soil) × CZn×W/HZn(kg/acre)
M in above formulaZnFor Soil Available Zinc desired value, CZnFor Soil Available Zinc buffer value, HZnFor the Zn content in zinc sulfate monohydrate；7) copper sulphate pentahydrate consumption F is determinedCu:
If Soil Available Copper measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuIt is 0；If Soil Available Copper measured value is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuIt is calculated as follows:
FCu=(MCu-Soil Available Copper content) × CCu×W/HCu
In above formula, MCuFor Soil Available Copper desired value, CCuFor Soil Available Copper buffer value, HCuFor the copper content in copper sulphate pentahydrate.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described to use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be first determine the block area needing to carry out soil improvement, then the consumption of the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is multiplied by described block area and can be obtained by the consumption of the various materials of improving the soil that this plot needs；Before arable land, various materials of improving the soil fully are mixed, and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields behind the ground in whole plot, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once, operation of improving the soil can be completed.
A kind of good soil environment is created in order to grow to grape growth, the invention provides a kind of soil in conjunction with Fructus Vitis viniferae wholelyly and farming and the method that carries out soil improvement, those conventional fertilizer applications and tillage control measure in soil can be difficult to the soil fertility index extremely close best perfect condition of disposable adjustment when the soil arrangement transformation in Qian Huolao vineyard, garden built by Fructus Vitis viniferae optimized, grow for grape growth and create a kind of excellent soil nutrient environment, and simplify daily fertilizing management, save fertilizer investment and the workload improved the soil of applying fertilizer, improve the yield and quality of Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
(1) those conventional fertilizer applications and tillage control measure in soil can be difficult to the soil fertility index that optimizes and build when the soil in Qian Huolao vineyard, garden arranges transformation disposable adjustment to close to best perfect condition at Fructus Vitis viniferae by this soil improvement method, grow for grape growth and create a kind of excellent soil nutrient environment, the problem that the fertilizing management making Fructus Vitis viniferae annual need not consider soil improvement again, allow fertilizing management measure become light, easy, and annual fertilizer investment can be saved.
(2) material of improving the soil of this kind of soil improvement method employing is all free from pollutant and does not carry the pure nutritious material of disease pest, and cost performance is high, be prone to buying.
(3) operation of improving the soil of the method combines wholely with the arable land of Fructus Vitis viniferae, does not additionally increase operating cost of improving the soil, and can make to improve the soil material dispersion in soil evenly, obtains better improving soil.Application this method can save fertilizer investment and the workload improved the soil of applying fertilizer, and improves the yield and quality of Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Detailed description of the invention
The soil improvement method in vineyard, red earth area provided by the invention is embodied as according to the following steps:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved；
This method determines the soil fertility index as needs improvement using soil pH value, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and 8 soil fertility indexs of Available cupper content.
Step 2: determine the desired value M of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing, as shown in table 1.
Step 3: determine the buffer value C of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing, as shown in table 1.
Table 1, the Breeding objectives value of Fructus Vitis viniferae soil fertility index and buffer value
In table 1, pH buffer value refers to that soil pH often improves 1, every million kilograms of soil need the quality (kilogram) of the Paris white added, other buffer value refers to that these soil fertility indexs often improve 1 mg/kg, and every million kilograms of soil need nutrient quality (kilogram) added.
Soil fertility index before step 4, mensuration improvement, implements as follows.
1) soil sample: in this plot along S type route, according to the principle that random, equivalent and multiple spot mix, gathers farming and improves the soil a layer pedotheque, and the soil of collection is left and taken the sample of 1kg by the sampled point of each sample 30 according to quartering.
2) analyzing detection: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, adopt conventional method of analysis that 8 selected soil improvement indexs are detected, soil pH value measures and adopts the soil ratio of 2.5:1 to soak pH meter；The ammonium acetate lixiviate of soil exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium 1M, potassium flare photometer, calcium and magnesium computed microstructure；Soil available phosphorus Olsen method；Effective Boron of Soil hot water extraction, curcumin colorimetric determination；The DTPA lixiviate of Soil Available Zinc and Available cupper, computed microstructure measures.
A layer soil weight then, it is determined that farming is improved the soil, is calculated as follows:
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness (rice) × 667 × 1.1/1000 (million kgs/acre)
Then, set up soil fertility index is regulated the computation model to the nutrient element amount F added required for desired value；
F=(M-S) × C × W；
In above formula, F needs the nutrient element amount or Paris white amount (kilogram) that increase
The desired value (mg/kg) of M soil fertility index
The measured value (mg/kg) of S current soil fertility index
C soil fertility index buffer value (kilogram/million kilograms)
W farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight (million kilograms)
Step 5: determine the material of improving the soil of soil improvement；
Soil pH regulates and uses Paris white, soil available phosphorus regulates and uses calcium magnesium phosphate, soil exchangeable potassium regulates and uses potassium sulfate, soil exchangeable calcium regulates and uses calcium magnesium phosphate, content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates and uses magnesium potassium sulfate, Effective Boron of Soil regulates and uses Borax, and Soil Available Zinc regulates and uses zinc sulfate monohydrate, and Soil Available Copper regulates and uses copper sulphate pentahydrate.
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, and then nutrient element gauge calculates the consumption of soil improvement material contained by material；
After selected material of improving the soil, from product identification, obtain the nutrient content improved the soil in material, when product identification does not have, obtain the nutrient content about improving the soil in material to producing inquiry.
Phosphorus content in calcium magnesium phosphate is HP；Calcium content in Paris white is H1Ca, the calcium content in calcium magnesium phosphate is H2Ca, the content of magnesium in calcium magnesium phosphate is H1Mg, the content of magnesium in magnesium potassium sulfate is H2Mg, the potassium content of magnesium potassium sulfate is H1K, the potassium content in potassium sulfate is H2K, the Zn content in zinc sulfate monohydrate is HZn, the Boron contents in Borax is HB, the copper content in copper sulphate pentahydrate is HCu。
Determine the as follows with metering method of soil improvement material:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determinedCaC
If soil pH measured value is more than or equal to soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCValue is 0.
If soil pH measured value is less than soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCIt is calculated as follows:
The consumption F of Paris whiteCaC=(MpH-soil pH) × CpH × W (kg/acre)
MpHFor soil pH desired value, CpHFor soil pH buffer value, MpHAnd CpHObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4；
2) the total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphate is determinedP
S1: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption FP1
If soil available phosphorus measured value is more than or equal to soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1Value is 0；
If soil available phosphorus measured value is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1It is calculated as follows:
FP1=(MP-soil available phosphorus content) × CP×W/HP(kg/acre)；
MPFor soil available phosphorus desired value, CPFor soil available phosphorus buffer value, MPAnd CPObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, HPFor the phosphorus content in calcium magnesium phosphate.
S2: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption FP2
The calcium magnesium phosphate consumption that calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption is required when being that Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil is adjusted to desired value, calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption FP2It is calculated as follows:
FP2=[(MCa-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FCaC×(H1Ca/W)/CCa-FP1×(H2Ca/W)/CCa)]×CCa×W/H2Ca(kg/acre)
M in above formulaCaFor soil exchangeable calcium desired value, CCaFor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, MCaAnd CCaObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H1CaFor the Ca content in Paris white, H2CaFor the Ca content in calcium magnesium phosphate.
If FP2Less than 0, then FP2Value is 0.
S3: determine total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP
Total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphatePIt is calculated as follows:
FP=FP1+FP2
3) magnesium potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedSPM
S1: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption FSPM1
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption is that soil exchangeable content of magnesium is adjusted to the magnesium potassium sulfate consumption needed for desired value.1st consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM1It is calculated as follows:
FSPM1=[MMg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg]×CMg×W/H2Mg(kg/acre).
M in above formulaMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium desired value, CMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, MMgAnd CMgObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H1MgFor the Mg content in calcium magnesium phosphate, H2MgFor the Mg content in magnesium potassium sulfate.
If FSPM1Less than 0, then FSPM1Value is 0.
S2: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption is that the ratio of soil exchangeable calcium Yu exchangeable magnesium is adjusted to less than 20 required magnesium potassium sulfate consumptions, magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2It is calculated as follows:
FSPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(FCaC×H1Ca/W)/CCa+(FP×H2Ca/W)/CCa]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg-(FSPM1×H2Mg/W)/CMg}×CMg×W/H2Mg(kg/acre)
F in above formulaCaCFor the Paris white consumption determined, FPThe total consumption of calcium magnesium phosphate for determining, CCAFor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, CMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, CCaAnd CMgObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H1CaFor the calcium content in Paris white, H2CaFor the calcium content in calcium magnesium phosphate, H1MgFor the content of magnesium in calcium magnesium phosphate, H2MgFor the Mg content in magnesium potassium sulfate.
If FSPM2Less than 0, then FSPM2Value is 0.
S3: determine total consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM
Total consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM=FSPM1+FSPM2(kg/acre)
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedKS
Potassium sulfate consumption FKSIt is calculated as follows:
FKS=[MK-available potassium in soils content-(FSPM×H1K/W)/CK]×CK×W/H2K(kg/acre).
M in above formulaKFor soil exchangeable potassium desired value, CKFor soil exchangeable potassium buffer value, MKAnd CKObtain from table 1, FSPMFor magnesium potassium sulfate consumption, W obtains by step 4, H1KFor the potassium content of magnesium potassium sulfate, H2KFor the potassium content in potassium sulfate.
If FKS0, then FKSValue is 0.
5) Borax consumption F is determinedB
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is more than or equal to Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the consumption F of BoraxBValue is 0；
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the amount of application F of BoraxBIt is calculated as follows:
FB=(MB-Effective Boron of Soil content) × CB×W/HB(kg/acre)
M in above formulaBFor Effective Boron of Soil desired value, CBFor Effective Boron of Soil buffer value, MBAnd CBObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, HBFor the Boron contents in Borax.
6) zinc sulfate monohydrate consumption F is determinedZn
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of zinc sulfate monohydrateZnIt is 0；
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of zinc sulfate monohydrateZnIt is calculated as follows:
FZn=(MZn-Available Zn content in soil) × CZn×W/HZn(kg/acre)
M in above formulaZnFor Soil Available Zinc desired value, CZnFor Soil Available Zinc buffer value, MZnAnd CZnObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, HZnFor the Zn content in zinc sulfate monohydrate.
7) copper sulphate pentahydrate consumption F is determinedCu
If Soil Available Copper measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuValue is 0；If Soil Available Copper measured value is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuIt is calculated as follows:
FCu=(MCu-Soil Available Copper content) × CCu×W/HCu(kg/acre)
M in above formulaCuFor Soil Available Copper desired value, CCuFor Soil Available Copper buffer value, MCuAnd CCuObtaining from table 1, W obtains by step 4, HCuFor the copper content in copper sulphate pentahydrate.
Step 7: use improve the soil material and the operation that carries out improving the soil
The various consumptions that material usage is every mu of improving the soil determined in step 6, after determining the block area needing to carry out soil improvement, the consumption of the various materials of improving the soil determined in above-mentioned steps 5 is multiplied by block area and can be obtained by the consumption of the various materials of improving the soil that this plot needs.Before arable land, various materials of improving the soil fully are mixed, and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in the ground in whole plot.After material of improving the soil spreads fertilizer over the fields, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, and then soil plough was turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once, operation of improving the soil can be completed.Plantation ditch plantation Fructus Vitis viniferae just can be opened according to a conventional method after completing above-mentioned operation of improving the soil.
Further illustrate technical scheme by the examples below.
Embodiment:
Certain block area is 96 mu, and this plot was sugarcane field originally before this, and soil is lateritic red soil derived from arenaceous shale, and existing decision replants plants Fructus Vitis viniferae.Soil improvement is implemented in the steps below:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved；
This method determines the soil fertility index as needs improvement using soil pH, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and 8 soil fertility indexs of Available cupper content.
Step 2: determine the desired value M of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing, as shown in table 1.
Step 3: determine the buffer value C of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing, as shown in table 1.
Step 4, soil sample and soil fertility index measure
In this plot along S type route, according to the principle that random, equivalent and multiple spot mix, gather farming and improve the soil a layer pedotheque, the sampled point of each sample 30, the soil of collection is left and taken according to quartering the sample of 1kg.Adopting conventional method of analysis to detect, analyzing testing result is soil pH 4.5；Soil exchangeable potassium 65mg/kg；Soil exchangeable calcium 460mg/kg；Content of soil exchangeable magnesium 60mg/kg；Soil available phosphorus 19mg/kg；Effective Boron of Soil 0.11mg/kg；Soil Available Zinc 0.53mg/kg；Soil Available Copper 0.80mg/kg.Determine that farming layer soil weight of improving the soil is as follows:
Recording farming layer thickness of improving the soil is 0.25 meter, and a farming layer soil weight of improving the soil is calculated as follows:
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness (rice) × 667 × 1.1/1000=0.25 × 667 × 1.1/1000
=0.183 (million kgs/acre)
Step 5: determine the material of improving the soil of soil improvement: the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is: soil pH regulates and uses Paris white, soil available phosphorus regulates and uses calcium magnesium phosphate, soil exchangeable potassium regulates and uses potassium sulfate, soil exchangeable calcium regulates and uses calcium magnesium phosphate, content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates and uses magnesium potassium sulfate, Effective Boron of Soil regulates and uses Borax, and Soil Available Zinc regulates and uses zinc sulfate monohydrate, and Soil Available Copper regulates and uses copper sulphate pentahydrate.
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, then nutrient element gauge contained by material is calculated soil and is improved the soil the consumption of material；
From product identification obtaining or as follows to manufacturer's inquiry various nutrient contents improved the soil in material of acquisition:
Paris white: containing Ca38%, H1CaIt is 0.38；
Calcium magnesium phosphate: containing P7.8%, containing Ca26%, containing Mg6%, HPIt is 0.078, H2CaIt is 0.26, H1MgIt is 0.06；
Magnesium potassium sulfate: containing S14%, containing Mg4.8%, containing K18.3%, H2MgIt is 0.048, H1KIt is 0.183；
Potassium sulfate: containing S17%, containing K41.5%, H2KIt is 0.415；
Borax: containing B11%, HBIt is 0.11；
Zinc sulfate monohydrate: containing Zn34%, HZnIt is 0.34；
Copper sulphate pentahydrate: containing Cu24%, HCuIt is 0.24.
The consumption of material then, it is determined that improve the soil:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determinedCaC
Soil pH measured value is 4.5, less than soil pH desired value, the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCIt is calculated as follows:
FCaC=(MpH-soil pH) × CpH× W=(5.7-4.5) × 1450 × 0.183=319 (kg/acre)
2) the total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphate is determinedP
S1: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption FP1
Soil available phosphorus measured value is 19mg/kg, less than soil available phosphorus desired value, the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1It is calculated as follows:
FP1=(MP-soil available phosphorus content) × CP×W/HP
=(42-19) × 5.76 × 0.183/0.078
=309 (kgs/acre)
S2: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption FP2
Calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumptionFP2It is calculated as follows:
FP2=[(MCa-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FCaC×(H1Ca/W)/CCa-FP1×(H2Ca/W)/CCa)]×CCa×W/H2Ca
=(840-460-319 × 0.38/0.183/1.12-309 × 0.26/0.183/1.12) × 1.12 × 0.183/0.26
=-475 (kgs/acre)
Due to FP20, so FP2Value is 0.
S3: determine total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP
Total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphatePIt is calculated as follows:
FP=FP1+FP2=309+0=309 (kg/acre)
3) magnesium potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedSPM
S1: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption FSPM1
1st consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM1It is calculated as follows:
FSPM1=[MMg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg]×CMg×W/H2Mg
=[130-60-(309 × 0.06/0.183)/1.25] × 1.25 × 0.183/0.048
=-53 (kgs/acre)
Due to FSPM10, so FSPM1Value is 0.
S2: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2It is calculated as follows:
FSPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(FCaC×H1Ca/W)/CCa+(FP×H2Ca/W)/CCa]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg-(FSPM1×H2Mg/W)/CMg}×CMg×W/H2Mg
={ [460+319 × 0.38/0.183/1.12+ (309 × 0.26/0.183)/1.12]/20-60-(309 × 0.06/0.183)/1.25-(0 × 0.048/0.183)/1.25} × 1.25 × 0.183/0.048
=-328 (kgs/acre)
Due to FSPM20, so FSPM2Value is 0.
S3: determine total consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM
Total consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM=FSPM1+FSPM2=0+0=0 (kg/acre)
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedKS
Potassium sulfate consumption FKSIt is calculated as follows:
FKS=[MK-available potassium in soils content-(FSPM×H1K/W)/CK]×CK×W/H2K
=[110-65-(0 × 0.14/0.183)/1.19] × 1.19 × 0.183/0.415
=23.6 (kgs/acre)
5) Borax consumption F is determinedB
Effective Boron of Soil measured value is 0.11mg/kg, and less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, the amount of application FB of Borax is calculated as follows:
FB=(MB-Effective Boron of Soil content) × CB×W/HB
=(0.6-0.11) × 3.11 × 0.183/0.11
=2.5 (kgs/acre)
6) zinc sulfate monohydrate consumption F is determinedZn
Soil Available Zinc measured value is 0.53mg/kg, and less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, the consumption FZn of zinc sulfate monohydrate is calculated as follows:
FZn=(MZn-Available Zn content in soil) × CZn×W/HZn
=(2.2-0.53) × 2.13 × 0.183/0.34
=1.9 (kgs/acre)
7) copper sulphate pentahydrate consumption F is determinedCu
Soil Available Copper measured value 0.80mg/kg, less than Soil Available Copper desired value, the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuIt is calculated as follows: FCu=(MCu-Soil Available Copper content) × CCu×W/HCu
=(1.2-0.8) × 2.78 × 0.183/0.24
=0.8 (kg/acre)
Step 7: use improve the soil material and the operation that carries out improving the soil:
Determining in step 6 and need to use 6 kinds of materials of improving the soil, this material every mu consumption of improving the soil in 6 is: Paris white 319 kilograms, 309 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 23.6 kilograms, Borax 2.5 kilograms, zinc sulfate monohydrate 1.9 kilograms, copper sulphate pentahydrate 0.8 kilogram.The plot gross area is 96 mu, wherein do not improve the soil as comparison for 1 mu, all the other 95 mu of needs are improved the soil, calculate various materials of improving the soil 95 mu required to add up to: Paris white 30.3 tons, 29.4 tons of calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 2.2 tons, Borax 237 kilograms, zinc sulfate monohydrate 180 kilograms, copper sulphate pentahydrate 76 kilograms.
Before arable land, weigh above-mentioned various material of improving the soil by total consumption, stack and be fully mixed together, and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in the ground in whole 95 mu of plot.After material of improving the soil spreads fertilizer over the fields, first spreading fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, and then turned over once by soil plough, it is 25 centimetres that plough turns over the degree of depth, and then again by soil rotary tillage once, namely operation of improving the soil comes to an end.Opening plantation ditch plantation Fructus Vitis viniferae after completing above-mentioned operation of improving the soil according to a conventional method, the fertilising during wine-growing, middle weeding, insect pest preventing and controlling measure are identical with usual way.
Improving soil is investigated: after enforcement is improved the soil, and has carried out grape fruit yield when vintage surveying and has produced investigation.
Within 1st year, novel species Fructus Vitis viniferae is to nourish and grow for target.
2nd year, the grape fruit average product in the plot carrying out improvement was 850 kgs/acre, and the grape fruit average product in the plot not carrying out improvement is 550 kgs/acre, and the rate of growth carrying out soil improvement by this method is 54.5%.
3rd year, the grape fruit average product in the plot carrying out improvement was 1210 kgs/acre, and the Fructus Vitis viniferae average product in the plot not carrying out improvement is 750 kgs/acre, and the rate of growth carrying out soil improvement by this method is 61.3%.
4th year, the Fructus Vitis viniferae average product in the plot carrying out improvement was 1530 kgs/acre, and the Fructus Vitis viniferae average product in the plot not carrying out improvement is 860 kgs/acre, and the rate of growth carrying out soil improvement by this method is 77.9%.
From the data above, carry out planting the effect of increasing production highly significant of the vineland of front soil improvement according to technical solution of the present invention.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some simple deduction or replace, protection scope of the present invention all should be considered as belonging to.
Claims (6)
1. the soil improvement method in vineyard, a red earth area, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved；
Step 2: determine the desired value M of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing；
Step 3: determine the buffer value C of soil fertility index needing to carry out improveing；
Step 4: measure the soil fertility index S before improvement, it is determined that farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight W,
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness × 667 × 1.1/1000；
Set up and soil fertility index is regulated the computation model to the nutrient element amount F added required for desired value；
F=(M-S) × C × W；
Step 5: determine the material of improving the soil of soil improvement；
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, and then nutrient element gauge calculates material usage contained by material；
Step 7: use material of improving the soil the operation that carries out improving the soil according to the material usage that step 6 is determined；
The soil fertility index that described selected needs carry out improveing includes soil pH value, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and 8 indexs of Available cupper content；
The desired value of described soil fertility index is respectively as follows: soil pH value 5.7, exchangeable potassium content 110mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 840mg/kg, exchangeable magnesium 130mg/kg, available phosphorus 42mg/kg, effective boron 0.6mg/kg, effective zinc 2.2mg/kg, Available cupper 1.2mg/kg；
The buffer value of described soil fertility index is respectively: soil pH value 1450, exchangeable potassium 1.19, exchangeable calcium 1.12, exchangeable magnesium 1.25, available phosphorus 5.7, effective boron 3.11, effective zinc 2.13, Available cupper 2.78.
2. soil improvement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the described soil fertility index employing measured before improveing is following step by step:
1) soil sample: in the plot carrying out soil improvement, along S type route, according to the principle that random, equivalent and multiple spot mix, gathers farming and improves the soil a layer pedotheque, and the soil of collection is left and taken the sample of 1kg by the sampled point of each sample 30 according to quartering；
2) analyzing detection: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, adopt conventional method of analysis that 8 selected soil improvement indexs are detected, soil pH measures and adopts the soil ratio of 2.5:1 to soak pH meter；After the ammonium acetate lixiviate of soil exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium 1M, potassium flare photometer, calcium and magnesium computed microstructure detect；Soil available phosphorus Olsen method；Effective Boron of Soil is with, after hot water extraction, using curcumin colorimetric determination；The DTPA lixiviate of Soil Available Zinc and Available cupper, computed microstructure measures.
3. soil improvement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be by after the material mixing of improving the soil determined before arable land, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil will be spread fertilizer over the fields once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once.
4. the soil improvement method according to claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that: the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is: soil pH regulates and uses Paris white, soil available phosphorus regulates and uses calcium magnesium phosphate, soil exchangeable potassium regulates and uses potassium sulfate, soil exchangeable calcium regulates and uses calcium magnesium phosphate, content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates and uses magnesium potassium sulfate, Effective Boron of Soil regulates and uses Borax, Soil Available Zinc regulates and uses zinc sulfate monohydrate, and Soil Available Copper regulates and uses copper sulphate pentahydrate.
5. soil improvement method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the consumption of the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is determined in the following ways:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determinedCaC:
If soil pH measured value is more than or equal to soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCValue is 0；If soil pH measured value is less than soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris whiteCaCIt is calculated as follows:
FCaC=(MpH-soil pH) × CpH× W；
In above formula, MpHFor soil pH desired value, CpHFor soil pH buffer value；
2) the total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphate is determinedP:
S1: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption FP1:
If soil available phosphorus measured value is more than or equal to soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1Value is 0；If soil available phosphorus measured value is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP1It is calculated as follows:
FP1=(MP-soil available phosphorus content) × CP×W/HP；
In above formula, MPFor soil available phosphorus desired value, CPFor soil available phosphorus buffer value, HPFor the phosphorus content in calcium magnesium phosphate；
S2: calculate calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption FP2:
FP2=[(MCa-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FCaC×(H1Ca/W)/CCa-FP1×(H2Ca/W)/CCa)]×CCa×W/H2Ca
In above formula, MCaFor soil exchangeable calcium desired value, CCaFor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, H1CaFor the calcium content in Paris white, H2CaFor the calcium content in calcium magnesium phosphate；
If FP2Less than 0, then FP2Value is 0；
S3: determine total consumption F of calcium magnesium phosphateP: FP=FP1+FP2
3) magnesium potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedSPM:
S1: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption FSPM1
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 1st consumption is that soil exchangeable content of magnesium is adjusted to the magnesium potassium sulfate consumption needed for desired value, the 1st consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM1It is calculated as follows:
FSPM1=[MMg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg]×CMg×W/H2Mg；
In above formula, MMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium desired value, CMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H1MgFor the content of magnesium in calcium magnesium phosphate, H2MgFor the content of magnesium in magnesium potassium sulfate；
If FSPM1Less than 0, then FSPM1Value is 0；
S2: calculate magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2
Magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption is that the ratio of soil exchangeable calcium Yu exchangeable magnesium is adjusted to less than 20 required magnesium potassium sulfate consumptions, magnesium potassium sulfate the 2nd consumption FSPM2It is calculated as follows:
FSPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(FCaC×H1Ca/W)/CCa+(FP×H2Ca/W)/CCa]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(FP×H1Mg/W)/CMg-(FSPM1×H2Mg/W)/CMg}×CMg×W/H2Mg；
In above formula, FCaCFor described Paris white consumption, FPFor the described total consumption of calcium magnesium phosphate, CCaFor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, CMgFor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H1CaFor the calcium content in Paris white, H2CaFor the calcium content in calcium magnesium phosphate, H1MgFor the content of magnesium in calcium magnesium phosphate, H2MgFor the content of magnesium in magnesium potassium sulfate；
If FSPM2Less than 0, then FSPM2Value is 0；
S3: determine total consumption F of magnesium potassium sulfateSPM: FSPM=FSPM1+FSPM2
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determinedKS:
FKS=[MK-available potassium in soils content-(FSPM×H1K/W)/CK]×CK×W/H2K(kg/acre)；
In above formula, MKFor soil exchangeable potassium desired value, CKFor soil exchangeable potassium buffer value, FSPMFor described magnesium potassium sulfate consumption, H1KFor the potassium content of magnesium potassium sulfate, H2KFor the potassium content in potassium sulfate；
If FKS0, then FKSValue is 0；
5) Borax consumption F is determinedB:
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is more than or equal to Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the consumption F of BoraxBIt is 0；If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the amount of application F of BoraxBIt is calculated as follows:
FB=(MB-Effective Boron of Soil content) × CB×W/HB
In above formula, MBFor Effective Boron of Soil desired value, CBFor Effective Boron of Soil buffer value, HBFor the Boron contents in Borax；
6) zinc sulfate monohydrate consumption F is determinedZn:
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of zinc sulfate monohydrateZnIt is 0；If Soil Available Zinc measured value is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of zinc sulfate monohydrateZnIt is calculated as follows:
FZn=(MZn-Available Zn content in soil) × CZn×W/HZn(kg/acre)
M in above formulaZnFor Soil Available Zinc desired value, CZnFor Soil Available Zinc buffer value, HZnFor the Zn content in zinc sulfate monohydrate；
7) copper sulphate pentahydrate consumption F is determinedCu:
If Soil Available Copper measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuIt is 0；If Soil Available Copper measured value is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of copper sulphate pentahydrateCuIt is calculated as follows:
FCu=(MCu-Soil Available Copper content) × CCu×W/HCu
In above formula, MCuFor Soil Available Copper desired value, CCuFor Soil Available Copper buffer value, HCuFor the copper content in copper sulphate pentahydrate.
6. soil improvement method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described in use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be first determine the block area needing to carry out soil improvement, then the consumption of the material of improving the soil of described soil improvement is multiplied by described block area and can be obtained by the consumption of the various materials of improving the soil that this plot needs；Before arable land, various materials of improving the soil fully are mixed, and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields behind the ground in whole plot, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once, complete operation of improving the soil.
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Effective date of registration: 20210107 Address after: 22611 South haozhai Road, Peixian energy economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: XUZHOU BATIAN ECOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: SHENZHEN BATIAN ECOTYPIC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 530007, 174 East University Road, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning Patentee before: AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT Research Institute GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |
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