CN104472047A - Soil improving method for vineyard in red soil region - Google Patents
Soil improving method for vineyard in red soil region Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472047A CN104472047A CN201410700533.0A CN201410700533A CN104472047A CN 104472047 A CN104472047 A CN 104472047A CN 201410700533 A CN201410700533 A CN 201410700533A CN 104472047 A CN104472047 A CN 104472047A
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- potassium
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 574
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H dimagnesium;dipotassium;trisulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 62
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- RNZCSKGULNFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hydrogen sulfate;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RNZCSKGULNFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940109262 curcumin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012754 curcumin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004148 curcumin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diferuloylmethane Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 36
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a soil improving method for a vineyard in a red soil region. The soil improving method for the vineyard in the red soil region comprises the steps of selecting a soil fertility index to be improved; determining a target value of the soil fertility index; measuring the soil fertility index before improving; determining the weight of the soil at a farming soil improving layer; building a calculation model for adjusting the soil fertility index to reach a target value; determining a soil improving material; calculating the quantity of the soil improving material; applying the soil improving material and improving the soil. The soil improving method for the vineyard in the red soil region has the advantages that the soil improving materials adopted are pure nutritional materials which are high in cost performance and easily obtained; the soil improvement is combined with the land preparation before building the vineyard or the soil improvement and reconstruction of the old vineyard, additional cost of soil improvement cost is not increased, and moreover, the soil improvement materials can be uniformly dispersed into the soil, and therefore, a good soil improvement effect can be achieved; with the adoption of the method, the fertilizer investment and the workload in fertilizer applying and soil improvement can be saved; in addition, the yield and quality of grapes can be improved and increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to viticulture technical field, be specifically related to the soil improvement method in vineyard, a kind of red earth area, adopt when being applicable to the newly-built vineyard plantation of south China characteristic of acid red soil area or the transformation of old vineyard.
Background technology
Grape is a kind of perennial fruit, can gather in the crops 30-60 years after general plantation.In South China of China because light and temperature condition is better, within 1 year, twice can be gathered in the crops, therefore just develop with fast speed in recent years.The soil in newly-built vineyard, South China of China is generally characteristic of acid red soil, part does not cover the old vineyard of day film because long-term fertilizing management is improper and rainwater drenches punching, soil is acidifying gradually, foundation soil condition to grape grow and high yield and high quality unfavorable, therefore need to improve soil.
Soil melioration is normally to soil application soil conditioner or material of improving the soil.Soil conditioner or material of improving the soil mainly are divided into the acidifying modified form of limy class, containing fertilizer class modified form that is organic or humus, with containing the three types such as biological modification type of beneficial microbe etc.The consumption of soil conditioner or material of improving the soil does not have concrete measuring method at present, main dependence experience or the suggestion about producer.Due to the soil property in different plot and fertility widely different, the application effect of various soil conditioner and soil improvement material is very unstable.
The common way of current south China viticulture is first ditched, then a large amount of fertilizers and lime is used, plant grape seedlings again, application of organic fertilizers and lime are improved the soil year by year later, this way owing to not improveing preferably soil before garden built by grape, the strength that several years ago will cost a lot of money every year behind garden of founding a capital is improved the soil, and due to using of fertilizer and lime also very lack of standardization, soil improvement material does not fully mix with soil, improving soil is unsatisfactory, sometimes due to improper measures of improving the soil, even there is grape bad root phenomenon, the normal growth affecting grape is grown.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, create a kind of good soil environment to grow to grape growth, the invention provides a kind of in conjunction with grape build the soil before garden whole with farming and carry out the method for soil melioration.
The soil improvement method in vineyard, red earth area, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved;
Step 2: determine the desired value M needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved;
Step 3: determine the buffer value C needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved;
Step 4: measure the soil fertility index S before improvement, adopts following formula determination farming to improve the soil a layer soil weight W:
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness × 667 × 1.1/1000(1,000,000 kilograms);
Then, computation model soil fertility index being adjusted to the nutrient element amount F added required for desired value is set up;
F=（M-S）×C×W；
In above formula, the nutrient element amount that F-needs increase or Paris white amount (kilogram)
The desired value (mg/kg) of M-soil fertility index
The measured value (mg/kg) of S-current soil fertility index
C-soil fertility index buffer value (kilogram/1,000,000 kilograms)
W-farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight (1,000,000 kilograms)
Step 5: the material of improving the soil determining soil melioration;
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, and then nutrient element gauge calculates material usage contained by material;
Step 7: use material of improving the soil according to the material usage that step 6 is determined, and carry out improving the soil operation.
By after the above-mentioned material mixing of improving the soil determined before arable land, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, again by soil rotary tillage once, can complete operation of improving the soil, the method homogenize material that can make to improve the soil is dispersed in soil, plays better improving soil.Just can open plantation ditch after completing above-mentioned operation of improving the soil according to a conventional method or plant plant hole plantation grape.
Described in step 1, the selected soil fertility index carrying out improveing that needs comprises soil pH value, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effectively Zn content and Available cupper content.
Carrying out vineyard soil melioration is for grape growth creates a kind of excellent soil environment, this excellent soil environment can define with a series of soil fertility index, each soil fertility index has a lower bound and high limit, lower than lower bound or all unfavorable to grape growth higher than high limit.South China area grape is mainly planted in characteristic of acid red soil and red earth, the feature that these soil have some common, namely some soil fertility index such as soil pH, available phosphorus content, effectively potassium content etc. is usually less than lower limit, and likely occur exceeding except the situation of high limit except effective iron content, effectively Fe content and calcium/magnesium ratio, other soil fertility index can not exceed high limit usually, and the too high acidity usually by improveing soil of the effective iron content in soil, effectively Fe content makes it to reduce.According to the soil characteristic in Red Soils in Southern China district, in conjunction with the actual needs that long-term fertilising custom and the grape growth in vineyard are grown, and through years of researches, the present invention selectes soil pH, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effectively 8 soil fertility indexs such as Zn content and Available cupper content as the soil fertility index of vineyard soil melioration.
When determining the desired value M needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved in step 2, the present invention is in order to after making plantation grape for many years, these soil fertility indexs still can be in the lower limit being not less than optimal level, these soil fertility indexs current are needed based on the level value that reaches, considering the grape production of continuous 20-30 years to the requirement of soil nutrient environment, fertilising in grape production process, grape to the absorption of soil nutrient and soil the absorption to nutrient fix and soil melioration the factor such as efficiency after, through years of researches and correction, the present invention determines the desired value of these 8 soil fertility indexs, carrying out soil melioration by this method is adjusted to these 8 soil fertility indexs close to desired value level exactly, the desired value of these 8 soil fertility indexs is defined as respectively: soil pH value 5.7, exchangeable potassium 110mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 840mg/kg, exchangeable magnesium 130mg/kg, available phosphorus 42mg/kg, effective boron 0.6mg/kg, effective zinc 2.2mg/kg and Available cupper 1.2mg/kg.Desired value due to these 8 soil fertility indexs determined is a value between suitable lower bound and suitable high limit, therefore formulate concrete improve the soil scheme time, can be as the case may be, can allow certain or some soil fertility indexs after improvement a little more than or lower than determined desired value, this situation can not be grown grape growth cause adverse effect.
Determine the buffer value of soil fertility index in step 3, the nutrient quantity or amount of lime that to be adjusted to by soil fertility index and to add required for desired value level will be calculated, namely determine the buffer value of soil fertility index.Soil fertility index buffer value refers to that above-mentioned 7 soil fertility indexs except soil pH often improve 1mg/kg, and every 1,000,000 kilograms of soil need the quality (kilogram) of the nutrient element added; Soil pH buffer value refers to that soil pH value often improves 1, and every 1,000,000 kilograms of soil need the quality (kilogram) of the Paris white added.Through measuring the research of the soil of main grape growing region, the buffer value of these 8 soil fertility indexs that this method is determined is respectively: soil pH value 1450, exchangeable potassium 1.19, exchangeable calcium 1.12, exchangeable magnesium 1.25, available phosphorus 5.7, effective boron 3.11, effective zinc 2.13 and Available cupper 2.78, unit is kilogram/1,000,000 kilograms.
As a further improvement on the present invention, below the soil fertility index before described mensuration improvement adopts step by step:
1) soil sample: the plot of soil melioration carried out, along S type route, according to the principle of random, equivalent and multiple spot mixing, gather farming and to improve the soil a layer soil specimen, the sampled point 25-30 of each sample is individual, the soil of collection is left and taken the sample of 1kg according to quartering;
2) analyze detection: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, adopt conventional method of analysis to detect 8 selected soil melioration indexs, soil pH measures the soil ratio immersion pH meter adopting 2.5:1; After the ammonium acetate lixiviate of soil exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium 1M, potassium flare photometer, calcium and magnesium computed microstructure detect; Soil available phosphorus Olsen method; Effective Boron of Soil, with after hot water extraction, uses curcumin colorimetric estimation; Soil Available Zinc and Available cupper DTPA lixiviate computed microstructure measure.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described use the material and carrying out of improving the soil improve the soil operation be before arable land by after the material mixing of improving the soil determined, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the material of described soil melioration is determined as follows:
What the present invention regulated various soil fertility index to select improve the soil material is selected to determine according to strong points, pollution-free, low cost, easily buying and the principle such as multi-functional, and the adjustment of each soil fertility index uses following material respectively.
PH regulates: use Paris white.Paris white is when sweetening of the soil is acid, gentleer on the impact of other proterties of soil, can provide calcium nutrition simultaneously.
Soil available phosphorus: use fused calcium magnesium phosphate.South China vineyard soil belongs to characteristic of acid red soil or red earth more, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate is best suited for the material of improving the soil of this kind of soil, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, while providing phosphorus nutrition, can also provide calcium and magnesium.
Soil exchangeable potassium regulates: use potassium sulfate.Potassium sulfate can also provide sulphur while providing potassium nutrition.
Soil exchangeable calcium regulates: use fused calcium magnesium phosphate.When adding after Paris white is adjusted to soil pH desired value and adds, with fused calcium magnesium phosphate, soil available phosphorus content is adjusted to desired value, if Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil reaches desired value not yet, regulate with increase fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption, the soil available phosphorus content increased in this way can make soil available phosphorus content exceed desired value, but still can be in optimum range, and the phosphorus deposit that can increase in soil has beneficial effect to succeeding crop.
Content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates: use potassium magnesium sulfate.Potassium magnesium sulfate, while providing magnesium nutrition, can also provide potassium and sulphur, economical and practical, is easy to buying.
Effective Boron of Soil regulates: use borax, borax is most economical applicable boron fertilizer, is easy to buying.
Soil Available Zinc regulates: use monohydrate zinc sulphate, monohydrate zinc sulphate is most economical applicable zinc fertilizer, is easy to buying.
Soil Available Copper regulates: use cupric sulfate pentahydrate, and cupric sulfate pentahydrate is that most economical applicable copper is fertile, is easy to buying.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the consumption of described soil improvement material is determined to adopt following principle:
A) Paris white consumption is determined.Use Paris white and soil pH is adjusted to desired value.
B) fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is determined.First use fused calcium magnesium phosphate and soil available phosphorus content is adjusted to desired value; Then the calcium increased in soil after comprehensive soil pH and available phosphorus content are adjusted to desired value, check whether soil exchangeable calcium reaches desired value, if go back miss the mark value, then by the method increasing fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption, Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil is adjusted to desired value.
C) consumption of potassium magnesium sulfate is determined.In conjunction with the magnesium that fused calcium magnesium phosphate has increased, use potassium magnesium sulfate and soil exchangeable content of magnesium is adjusted to desired value; Inspection calcium magnesium ratio, if calcium magnesium ratio is greater than 20, then by the method increasing potassium magnesium sulfate consumption, is adjusted to less than 20 by calcium magnesium ratio.
D) consumption of potassium sulfate is determined.In conjunction with the potassium that potassium magnesium sulfate has increased, use potassium sulfate and soil exchangeable potassium content is adjusted to desired value.
E) consumption of borax is determined.Use borax and the effective boron content of soil is brought up to desired value.
F) consumption of monohydrate zinc sulphate is determined.Use monohydrate zinc sulphate and effective Zn content of soil is brought up to desired value.
G) consumption of cupric sulfate pentahydrate is determined.Use cupric sulfate pentahydrate and the Available cupper content of soil is brought up to desired value.
According to mentioned above principle, the consumption of described soil improvement material is determined as follows:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determined
caC:
If soil pH measured value is more than or equal to soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris white
caCvalue is 0; If soil pH measured value is less than soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris white
caCbe calculated as follows:
F
caC=(M
pH-soil pH) × C
pH× W;
In above formula, M
pHfor soil pH desired value, C
pHfor soil pH buffer value;
2) the total consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate is determined
p:
S1: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption F
p1:
If soil available phosphorus measured value is more than or equal to soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1value is 0; If soil available phosphorus measured value is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1be calculated as follows:
F
p1=(M
p-soil available phosphorus content) × C
p× W/H
p;
In above formula, M
pfor soil available phosphorus desired value, C
pfor soil available phosphorus buffer value, H
pfor the phosphorus content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate;
S2: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption F
p2:
F
p2=[(M
ca-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FC
aC× (H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca-F
p× (H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca)] × C
ca× W/H
2Ca
In above formula, M
cafor soil exchangeable calcium desired value, C
cafor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, H
1Cafor the calcium content in Paris white, H
2Cafor the calcium content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate;
If F
p2be less than 0, then F
p2value is 0;
S3: the total consumption F determining fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p: F
p=F
p1+ F
p2
3) potassium magnesium sulfate consumption F is determined
sPM:
S1: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption F
sPM1
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption is the 1st consumption F of the potassium magnesium sulfate consumption be adjusted to by soil exchangeable content of magnesium needed for desired value, potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM1be calculated as follows:
F
sPM1=[M
mg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg] × C
mg× W/H
2Mg;
In above formula, M
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium desired value, C
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H
1Mgfor the content of magnesium in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
2Mgfor the content of magnesium in potassium magnesium sulfate;
If F
sPM1be less than 0, then F
sPM1value is 0;
S2: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption is that the ratio of soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium is adjusted to less than 20 required potassium magnesium sulfate consumptions, potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2be calculated as follows:
F
sPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(F
caC× H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca+ (F
p× H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg-(F
sPM1× H
2Mg/ W)/C
mg} × C
mg× W/H
2Mg;
In above formula, F
caCfor described Paris white consumption, F
pfor the total consumption of described fused calcium magnesium phosphate, C
cafor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, C
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H
1Cafor the calcium content in Paris white, H
2Cafor the calcium content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
1Mgfor the content of magnesium in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
2Mgfor the content of magnesium in potassium magnesium sulfate;
If F
sPM2be less than 0, then F
sPM2value is 0;
S3: the total consumption F determining potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM: F
sPM=F
sPM1+ F
sPM2
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determined
kS:
F
kS=[M
k-available potassium in soils content-(F
sPM× H
1K/ W)/C
k] × C
k× W/H
2K(kg/acre);
In above formula, M
kfor soil exchangeable potassium desired value, C
kfor soil exchangeable potassium buffer value, F
sPMfor described potassium magnesium sulfate consumption, H
1Kfor the potassium content of potassium magnesium sulfate, H
2Kfor the potassium content in potassium sulfate;
If F
sK﹤ 0, then F
sKvalue is 0;
5) borax consumption F is determined
b:
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is more than or equal to Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the consumption F of borax
bbe 0; If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the amount of application F of borax
bbe calculated as follows:
F
b=(M
b-Effective Boron of Soil content) × C
b× W/H
b
In above formula, M
bfor Effective Boron of Soil desired value, C
bfor Effective Boron of Soil buffer value, H
bfor the Boron contents in borax;
6) monohydrate zinc sulphate consumption F is determined
zn:
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of monohydrate zinc sulphate
znbe 0; If Soil Available Zinc measured value is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of monohydrate zinc sulphate
znbe calculated as follows:
F
zn=(M
zn-Available Zn content in soil) × C
zn× W/H
zn(kg/acre)
M in above formula
znfor Soil Available Zinc desired value, C
znfor Soil Available Zinc buffer value, H
znfor the Zn content in monohydrate zinc sulphate;
7) cupric sulfate pentahydrate consumption F is determined
cu:
If Soil Available Copper measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cube 0; If Soil Available Copper measured value is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cube calculated as follows:
F
cu=(M
cu-Soil Available Copper content) × C
cu× W/H
cu
In above formula, M
cufor Soil Available Copper desired value, C
cufor Soil Available Copper buffer value, H
cufor the copper content in cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described to use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be the block area of first determining to need to carry out soil melioration, then the consumption of described soil improvement material is multiplied by the consumption that described block area just can obtain the various materials of improving the soil of this plot needs; Before arable land, various material of improving the soil fully is mixed, and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields behind the ground in whole plot, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once, can operation of improving the soil be completed.
A kind of good soil environment is created in order to grow to grape growth, the invention provides a kind of soil in conjunction with grape carries out soil melioration wholely method with farming, the soil fertility index that those conventional fertilizer applications and tillage control measure in soil can be difficult to optimize is disposable when the soil arrangement transformation in Qian Huolao vineyard, garden built by grape to be adjusted to close to best perfect condition, grow for grape growth and create a kind of excellent soil nutrient environment, and simplify daily fertilizing management, save fertilizer investment and the workload of improving the soil of applying fertilizer, improve the yield and quality of grape.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) those conventional fertilizer applications and tillage control measure in soil can be difficult to soil fertility index disposable perfect condition be adjusted to close to the best when the soil arrangement transformation in Qian Huolao vineyard, garden built by grape of optimization by this soil improvement method, grow for grape growth and create a kind of excellent soil nutrient environment, the fertilizing management making grape annual need not consider the problem of soil melioration again, allow fertilizing management measure become light, easy, and annual fertilizer investment can be saved.
(2) material of improving the soil that this kind of soil improvement method adopts is all not containing pollutant and the pure nutritious material not carrying disease worm, and cost performance high, be easy to purchase.
(3) improve the soil operation and the arable land of grape of the method combine wholely, additionally do not increase operating cost of improving the soil, and can make to improve the soil the dispersion of material in soil evenly, obtain better improving soil.Application this method can save fertilizer investment and the workload of improving the soil of applying fertilizer, and improves the yield and quality of grape.
Embodiment
Soil improvement method before cane planting provided by the invention is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved;
This method is determined using the soil fertility index as needs improvement of soil pH value, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and Available cupper content 8 soil fertility indexs.
Step 2: determine the desired value M needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved, as shown in table 1.
Step 3: determine the buffer value C needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved, as shown in table 1.
The Breeding objectives value of table 1, grape soil fertility index and buffer value
In table 1, pH buffer value refers to that soil pH often improves 1, every 1,000,000 kilograms of soil need the quality (kilogram) of the Paris white added, other buffer value refers to that these soil fertility indexs often improve 1 mg/kg, and every 1,000,000 kilograms of soil need the nutritive element quality (kilogram) added.
Soil fertility index before step 4, mensuration improvement, implements as follows.
1) soil sample: in this plot along S type route, according to the principle of random, equivalent and multiple spot mixing, gather farming and to improve the soil a layer soil specimen, the sampled point of each sample 30, leaves and takes the sample of 1kg according to quartering by the soil of collection.
2) analyze detection: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, adopt conventional method of analysis to detect 8 selected soil melioration indexs, soil pH value measures the soil ratio immersion pH meter adopting 2.5:1; The ammonium acetate lixiviate of soil exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium 1M, potassium flare photometer, calcium and magnesium computed microstructure; Soil available phosphorus Olsen method; Effective Boron of Soil with hot water extraction, curcumin colorimetric estimation; The DTPA lixiviate of Soil Available Zinc and Available cupper, computed microstructure measures.
Then, determine that farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight, be calculated as follows:
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness (rice) × 667 × 1.1/1000(1,000,000 kgs/acre)
Then, computation model soil fertility index being adjusted to the nutrient element amount F added required for desired value is set up;
F=（M-S）×C×W；
In above formula, the nutrient element amount that F-needs increase or Paris white amount (kilogram)
The desired value (mg/kg) of M-soil fertility index
The measured value (mg/kg) of S-current soil fertility index
C-soil fertility index buffer value (kilogram/1,000,000 kilograms)
W-farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight (1,000,000 kilograms)
Step 5: the material of improving the soil determining soil melioration;
Soil pH regulates and uses Paris white, soil available phosphorus regulates and uses fused calcium magnesium phosphate, soil exchangeable potassium regulates and uses potassium sulfate, soil exchangeable calcium regulates and uses fused calcium magnesium phosphate, content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates and uses potassium magnesium sulfate, Effective Boron of Soil regulates and uses borax, and Soil Available Zinc regulates and uses monohydrate zinc sulphate, and Soil Available Copper regulates and uses cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, and then nutrient element gauge calculates the consumption of soil improvement material contained by material;
After selected material of improving the soil, obtain the nutrient content of improving the soil in material from product identification, when product identification does not have, to producing the nutrient content of inquiry acquisition about improving the soil in material.
Phosphorus content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate is H
p; Calcium content in Paris white is H
1Ca, the calcium content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate is H
2Ca, the content of magnesium in fused calcium magnesium phosphate is H
1Mg, the content of magnesium in potassium magnesium sulfate is H
2Mg, the potassium content of potassium magnesium sulfate is H
1K, the potassium content in potassium sulfate is H
2K, the Zn content in monohydrate zinc sulphate is H
zn, the Boron contents in borax is H
b, the copper content in cupric sulfate pentahydrate is H
cu.
Determine the as follows with metering method of soil improvement material:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determined
caC
If soil pH measured value is more than or equal to soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris white
caCvalue is 0.
If soil pH measured value is less than soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris white
caCbe calculated as follows:
The consumption F of Paris white
caC=(MpH-soil pH) × CpH × W (kg/acre)
M
pHfor soil pH desired value, C
pHfor soil pH buffer value, M
pHand C
pHobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4;
2) the total consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate is determined
p
S1: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption F
p1
If soil available phosphorus measured value is more than or equal to soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1value is 0; If soil available phosphorus measured value is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1be calculated as follows:
F
p1=(M
p-soil available phosphorus content) × C
p× W/H
p(kg/acre);
M
pfor soil available phosphorus desired value, C
pfor soil available phosphorus buffer value, M
pand C
pobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
pfor the phosphorus content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate.
S2: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption F
p2
Fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption is fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption required when Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil being adjusted to desired value, fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption F
p2be calculated as follows:
F
p2=[(M
ca-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FC
aC× (H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca-F
p× (H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca)] × C
ca× W/H
2Ca(kg/acre)
M in above formula
cafor soil exchangeable calcium desired value, C
cafor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, M
caand C
caobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
1Cafor the Ca content in Paris white, H
2Cafor the Ca content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate.
If F
p2be less than 0, then F
p2value is 0.
S3: the total consumption F determining fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p
Total consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
pbe calculated as follows:
F
P=F
P1+F
P2
3) potassium magnesium sulfate consumption F is determined
sPM
S1: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption F
sPM1
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption is the potassium magnesium sulfate consumption be adjusted to by soil exchangeable content of magnesium needed for desired value.1st consumption F of potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM1be calculated as follows:
F
sPM1=[M
mg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg] × C
mg× W/H
2Mg(kg/acre).
M in above formula
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium desired value, C
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, M
mgand C
mgobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
1Mgfor the Mg content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
2Mgfor the Mg content in potassium magnesium sulfate.
If F
sPM1be less than 0, then F
sPM1value is 0.
S2: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption is that the ratio of soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium is adjusted to less than 20 required potassium magnesium sulfate consumptions, potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2be calculated as follows:
F
sPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(F
caC× H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca+ (F
p× H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg-(F
sPM1× H
2Mg/ W)/C
mg} × C
mg× W/H
2Mg(kg/acre)
F in above formula
caCfor the Paris white consumption determined, F
pfor the total consumption of the fused calcium magnesium phosphate determined, C
cAfor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, C
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, C
caand C
mgobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
1Cafor the calcium content in Paris white, H
2Cafor the calcium content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
1Mgfor the content of magnesium in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
2Mgfor the Mg content in potassium magnesium sulfate.
If F
sPM2be less than 0, then F
sPM2value is 0.
S3: the total consumption F determining potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM
Total consumption F of potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM=F
sPM1+ F
sPM2(kg/acre)
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determined
kS
Potassium sulfate consumption F
kSbe calculated as follows:
F
kS=[M
k-available potassium in soils content-(F
sPM× H
1K/ W)/C
k] × C
k× W/H
2K(kg/acre).
M in above formula
kfor soil exchangeable potassium desired value, C
kfor soil exchangeable potassium buffer value, M
kand C
kobtain from table 1, F
sPMfor potassium magnesium sulfate consumption, W obtains by step 4, H
1Kfor the potassium content of potassium magnesium sulfate, H
2Kfor the potassium content in potassium sulfate.
If F
sK﹤ 0, then F
sKvalue is 0.
5) borax consumption F is determined
b
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is more than or equal to Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the consumption F of borax
bvalue is 0;
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the amount of application F of borax
bbe calculated as follows:
F
b=(M
b-Effective Boron of Soil content) × C
b× W/H
b(kg/acre)
M in above formula
bfor Effective Boron of Soil desired value, C
bfor Effective Boron of Soil buffer value, M
band C
bobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
bfor the Boron contents in borax.
6) monohydrate zinc sulphate consumption F is determined
zn
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of monohydrate zinc sulphate
znbe 0;
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of monohydrate zinc sulphate
znbe calculated as follows:
F
zn=(M
zn-Available Zn content in soil) × C
zn× W/H
zn(kg/acre)
M in above formula
znfor Soil Available Zinc desired value, C
znfor Soil Available Zinc buffer value, M
znand C
znobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
znfor the Zn content in monohydrate zinc sulphate.
7) cupric sulfate pentahydrate consumption F is determined
cu
If Soil Available Copper measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cuvalue is 0; If Soil Available Copper measured value is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cube calculated as follows:
F
cu=(M
cu-Soil Available Copper content) × C
cu× W/H
cu(kg/acre)
M in above formula
cufor Soil Available Copper desired value, C
cufor Soil Available Copper buffer value, M
cuand C
cuobtain from table 1, W obtains by step 4, H
cufor the copper content in cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
Step 7: use and improve the soil material and carry out improving the soil operation
The various material usages of improving the soil determined in step 6 are the consumption of every mu, after determining the block area needing to carry out soil melioration, the consumption of the various materials of improving the soil determined in above-mentioned steps 5 is multiplied by the consumption that block area just can obtain the various materials of improving the soil that this plot needs.Before arable land, various material of improving the soil fully is mixed, and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields the ground in whole plot.After material of improving the soil spreads fertilizer over the fields, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, and then soil plough was turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once, can operation of improving the soil be completed.Just can open plantation ditch after completing above-mentioned operation of improving the soil according to a conventional method to grow cane.
Technical scheme of the present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment.
Embodiment:
Certain block area is 96 mu, and this plot was sugarcane field originally before this, and soil is lateritic red soil derived from arenaceous shale, and existing decision replants plants grape.Soil melioration is implemented in the steps below:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved;
This method is determined using the soil fertility index as needs improvement of soil pH, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effective Zn content and Available cupper content 8 soil fertility indexs.
Step 2: determine the desired value M needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved, as shown in table 1.
Step 3: determine the buffer value C needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved, as shown in table 1.
Step 4, soil sample and soil fertility index measure
In this plot along S type route, according to the principle of random, equivalent and multiple spot mixing, gather farming and to improve the soil a layer soil specimen, the sampled point of each sample 30, leaves and takes the sample of 1kg according to quartering by the soil of collection.Adopt conventional method of analysis to detect, analyzing testing result is soil pH 4.5; Soil exchangeable potassium 65mg/kg; Soil exchangeable calcium 460mg/kg; Content of soil exchangeable magnesium 60mg/kg; Soil available phosphorus 19mg/kg; Effective Boron of Soil 0.11mg/kg; Soil Available Zinc 0.53mg/kg; Soil Available Copper 0.80mg/kg.Determine that farming layer soil weight of improving the soil is as follows:
Recording farming layer thickness of improving the soil is 0.25 meter, and a farming layer soil weight of improving the soil is calculated as follows:
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness (rice) × 667 × 1.1/1000=0.25 × 667 × 1.1/1000
=0.183(1,000,000 kgs/acre)
Step 5: the material of improving the soil determining soil melioration: the material of described soil melioration is: soil pH regulates and uses Paris white, soil available phosphorus regulates and uses fused calcium magnesium phosphate, soil exchangeable potassium regulates and uses potassium sulfate, soil exchangeable calcium regulates and uses fused calcium magnesium phosphate, content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates and uses potassium magnesium sulfate, Effective Boron of Soil regulates and uses borax, and Soil Available Zinc regulates and uses monohydrate zinc sulphate, and Soil Available Copper regulates and uses cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, then contained by material, nutrient element gauge is calculated soil and to be improved the soil the consumption of material;
Obtain from product identification or inquire that to manufacturer the various nutrient content of improving the soil in material of acquisition is as follows:
Paris white: containing Ca 38%, H
1Cabe 0.38;
Fused calcium magnesium phosphate: containing P 7.8%, containing Ca 26%, containing Mg 6%, H
pbe 0.078, H
2Cabe 0.26, H
1Mgbe 0.06;
Potassium magnesium sulfate: containing S 14%, containing Mg 4.8%, containing K 18.3%, H
2Mgbe 0.048, H
1Kbe 0.183;
Potassium sulfate: containing S 17%, containing K 41.5%, H
2Kbe 0.415;
Borax: containing B 11%, H
bbe 0.11;
Monohydrate zinc sulphate: containing Zn 34%, H
znbe 0.34;
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate: containing Cu 24%, H
cube 0.24.
Then, to determine to improve the soil the consumption of material:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determined
caC
Soil pH measured value is 4.5, is less than soil pH desired value, the consumption F of Paris white
caCbe calculated as follows:
F
caC=(M
pH-soil pH) × C
pH× W=(5.7-4.5) × 1450 × 0.183=319 (kg/acre)
2) the total consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate is determined
p
S1: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption F
p1
Soil available phosphorus measured value is 19mg/kg, is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1be calculated as follows:
F
p1=(M
p-soil available phosphorus content) × C
p× W/H
p
=（42-19）×5.76×0.183/0.078
=309(kg/acre)
S2: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption F
p2
Fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption
fP2be calculated as follows:
F
p2=[(M
ca-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FC
aC× (H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca-F
p× (H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca)] × C
ca× W/H
2Ca
=(840-460-319×0.38/0.183/1.12-309×0.26/0.183/1.12)×1.12×0.183/0.26
=-475(kg/acre)
Due to F
p2﹤ 0, so F
p2value is 0.
S3: the total consumption F determining fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p
Total consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
pbe calculated as follows:
F
p=F
p1+ F
p2=309+0=309(kg/acre)
3) potassium magnesium sulfate consumption F is determined
sPM
S1: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption F
sPM1
1st consumption F of potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM1be calculated as follows:
F
sPM1=[M
mg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg] × C
mg× W/H
2Mg
=[130-60-(309×0.06/0.183)/1.25]×1.25×0.183/0.048
=-53(kg/acre)
Due to F
sPM1﹤ 0, so F
sPM1value is 0.
S2: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2be calculated as follows:
F
sPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(F
caC× H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca+ (F
p× H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg-(F
sPM1× H
2Mg/ W)/C
mg} × C
mg× W/H
2Mg
={[460+319×0.38/0.183/1.12+(309×0.26/0.183)/1.12]/20-60-(309×0.06/0.183)/1.25-(0×0.048/0.183)/1.25}×1.25×0.183/0.048
=-328(kg/acre)
Due to F
sPM2﹤ 0, so F
sPM2value is 0.
S3: the total consumption F determining potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM
Total consumption F of potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM=F
sPM1+ F
sPM2=0+0=0(kg/acre)
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determined
kS
Potassium sulfate consumption F
kSbe calculated as follows:
F
kS=[M
k-available potassium in soils content-(F
sPM× H
1K/ W)/C
k] × C
k× W/H
2K
=[110-65-(0×0.14/0.183)/1.19]×1.19×0.183/0.415
=23.6(kg/acre)
5) borax consumption F is determined
b
Effective Boron of Soil measured value is 0.11mg/kg, is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, and the amount of application FB of borax is calculated as follows:
F
b=(M
b-Effective Boron of Soil content) × C
b× W/H
b
=(0.6-0.11)×3.11×0.183/0.11
=2.5(kg/acre)
6) monohydrate zinc sulphate consumption F is determined
zn
Soil Available Zinc measured value is 0.53mg/kg, is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, and the consumption FZn of monohydrate zinc sulphate is calculated as follows:
F
zn=(M
zn-Available Zn content in soil) × C
zn× W/H
zn
=(2.2-0.53)×2.13×0.183/0.34
=1.9(kg/acre)
7) cupric sulfate pentahydrate consumption F is determined
cu
Soil Available Copper measured value 0.80mg/kg, is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cube calculated as follows:
F
cu=(M
cu -Soil Available Copper content) × C
cu× W/H
cu
=(1.2-0.8)×2.78×0.183/0.24
=0.8(kg/acre)
Step 7: use and improve the soil material and carry out improving the soil operation:
Determine in step 6 to need use 6 kinds of materials of improving the soil, this material every mu consumption of improving the soil in 6 is: Paris white 319 kilograms, 309 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 23.6 kilograms, borax 2.5 kilograms, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.9 kilograms, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.8 kilogram.The plot gross area is 96 mu, wherein do not improve the soil in contrast for 1 mu, all the other 95 mu of needs are improved the soil, various materials of improving the soil needed for calculating 95 mu add up to: Paris white 30.3 tons, 29.4 tons, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate 2.2 tons, borax 237 kilograms, monohydrate zinc sulphate 180 kilograms, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 76 kilograms.
Before arable land, take above-mentioned various material of improving the soil by total consumption, stack and be fully mixed together, and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the ground in whole 95 mu of plot.After material of improving the soil spreads fertilizer over the fields, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then turn over once by soil plough, it is 25 centimetres that plough turns over the degree of depth, and then by soil rotary tillage once, namely operation of improving the soil comes to an end.Open plantation ditch plantation grape after completing above-mentioned operation of improving the soil according to a conventional method, the fertilising during wine-growing, intertill and clean tillage, diseases and pests controlling measure are identical with usual way.
Improving soil is investigated: after enforcement is improved the soil, and has carried out surveying producing investigation to grape fruit output when vintage.
Within 1st year, novel species grape is to nourish and grow for target.
2nd year, the grape fruit average yield carrying out the plot of improveing was 850 kgs/acre, and the grape fruit average yield not carrying out the plot of improveing is 550 kgs/acre, and the rate of growth of carrying out soil melioration by this method is 54.5%.
3rd year, the grape fruit average yield carrying out the plot of improveing was 1210 kgs/acre, and the grape average yield not carrying out the plot of improveing is 750 kgs/acre, and the rate of growth of carrying out soil melioration by this method is 61.3%.
4th year, the grape average yield carrying out the plot of improveing was 1530 kgs/acre, and the grape average yield not carrying out the plot of improveing is 860 kgs/acre, and the rate of growth of carrying out soil melioration by this method is 77.9%.
From above-mentioned data, carry out the effect of increasing production highly significant of the vineland of planting front soil melioration according to technical solution of the present invention.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the soil improvement method in vineyard, red earth area, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: selected needs carry out the soil fertility index improved;
Step 2: determine the desired value M needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved;
Step 3: determine the buffer value C needing to carry out the soil fertility index improved;
Step 4: measure the soil fertility index S before improvement, determines that farming is improved the soil a layer soil weight W,
W=farming is improved the soil layer thickness × 667 × 1.1/1000;
Set up computation model soil fertility index being adjusted to the nutrient element amount F added required for desired value;
F=（M-S）×C×W；
Step 5: the material of improving the soil determining soil melioration;
Step 6: the material determined according to step 5 calculates the nutrient element amount F of material of improving the soil according to the method for step 4, and then nutrient element gauge calculates material usage contained by material;
Step 7: use material of improving the soil according to the material usage that step 6 is determined, and carry out improving the soil operation;
The soil fertility index that described selected needs carry out improveing comprises soil pH value, exchangeable potassium content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available phosphorus content, effective boron content, effectively Zn content and Available cupper content 8 indexs;
The desired value of described soil fertility index is respectively: soil pH value 5.7, exchangeable potassium content 110mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 840mg/kg, exchangeable magnesium 130mg/kg, available phosphorus 42mg/kg, effective boron 0.6mg/kg, effective zinc 2.2mg/kg, Available cupper 1.2mg/kg;
The buffer value of described soil fertility index is respectively: soil pH value 1450, exchangeable potassium 1.19, exchangeable calcium 1.12, exchangeable magnesium 1.25, available phosphorus 5.7, effective boron 3.11, effective zinc 2.13, Available cupper 2.78.
2. the soil improvement method according to right 1, is characterized in that: below the soil fertility index before described mensuration improvement adopts step by step:
1) soil sample: the plot of soil melioration carried out, along S type route, according to the principle of random, equivalent and multiple spot mixing, gather farming and to improve the soil a layer soil specimen, the sampled point of each sample 30, leaves and takes the sample of 1kg according to quartering by the soil of collection;
2) analyze detection: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, adopt conventional method of analysis to detect 8 selected soil melioration indexs, soil pH measures the soil ratio immersion pH meter adopting 2.5:1; After the ammonium acetate lixiviate of soil exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium 1M, potassium flare photometer, calcium and magnesium computed microstructure detect; Soil available phosphorus Olsen method; Effective Boron of Soil, with after hot water extraction, uses curcumin colorimetric estimation; The DTPA lixiviate of Soil Available Zinc and Available cupper, computed microstructure measures.
3. the soil improvement method according to right 1, it is characterized in that: described in use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be by after the material mixing of improving the soil determined before arable land, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, to the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil be spread fertilizer over the fields once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once.
4. the soil improvement method according to right 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that: the material of described soil melioration is: soil pH regulates and uses Paris white, soil available phosphorus regulates and uses fused calcium magnesium phosphate, soil exchangeable potassium regulates and uses potassium sulfate, soil exchangeable calcium regulates and uses fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and content of soil exchangeable magnesium regulates and uses potassium magnesium sulfate, and Effective Boron of Soil regulates and uses borax, Soil Available Zinc regulates and uses monohydrate zinc sulphate, and Soil Available Copper regulates and uses cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
5. soil improvement method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the consumption of described soil improvement material is determined in the following ways:
1) the consumption F of Paris white is determined
caC:
If soil pH measured value is more than or equal to soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris white
caCvalue is 0; If soil pH measured value is less than soil pH desired value, then the consumption F of Paris white
caCbe calculated as follows:
F
caC=(M
pH-soil pH) × C
pH× W;
In above formula, M
pHfor soil pH desired value, C
pHfor soil pH buffer value;
2) the total consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate is determined
p:
S1: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 1st consumption F
p1:
If soil available phosphorus measured value is more than or equal to soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1value is 0; If soil available phosphorus measured value is less than soil available phosphorus desired value, then the 1st consumption F of fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p1be calculated as follows:
F
p1=(M
p-soil available phosphorus content) × C
p× W/H
p;
In above formula, M
pfor soil available phosphorus desired value, C
pfor soil available phosphorus buffer value, H
pfor the phosphorus content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate;
S2: calculate fused calcium magnesium phosphate the 2nd consumption F
p2:
F
p2=[(M
ca-Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil-FC
aC× (H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca-F
p× (H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca)] × C
ca× W/H
2Ca
In above formula, M
cafor soil exchangeable calcium desired value, C
cafor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, H
1Cafor the calcium content in Paris white, H
2Cafor the calcium content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate;
If F
p2be less than 0, then F
p2value is 0;
S3: the total consumption F determining fused calcium magnesium phosphate
p: F
p=F
p1+ F
p2
3) potassium magnesium sulfate consumption F is determined
sPM:
S1: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption F
sPM1
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 1st consumption is the 1st consumption F of the potassium magnesium sulfate consumption be adjusted to by soil exchangeable content of magnesium needed for desired value, potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM1be calculated as follows:
F
sPM1=[M
mg-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg] × C
mg× W/H
2Mg;
In above formula, M
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium desired value, C
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H
1Mgfor the content of magnesium in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
2Mgfor the content of magnesium in potassium magnesium sulfate;
If F
sPM1be less than 0, then F
sPM1value is 0;
S2: calculate potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2
Potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption is that the ratio of soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium is adjusted to less than 20 required potassium magnesium sulfate consumptions, potassium magnesium sulfate the 2nd consumption F
sPM2be calculated as follows:
F
sPM2={ [Exchangeable Calcium Content in Soil+(F
caC× H
1Ca/ W)/C
ca+ (F
p× H
2Ca/ W)/C
ca]/20-soil exchangeable content of magnesium-(F
p× H
1Mg/ W)/C
mg-(F
sPM1× H
2Mg/ W)/C
mg} × C
mg× W/H
2Mg;
In above formula, F
caCfor described Paris white consumption, F
pfor the total consumption of described fused calcium magnesium phosphate, C
cafor soil exchangeable calcium buffer value, C
mgfor content of soil exchangeable magnesium buffer value, H
1Cafor the calcium content in Paris white, H
2Cafor the calcium content in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
1Mgfor the content of magnesium in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, H
2Mgfor the content of magnesium in potassium magnesium sulfate;
If F
sPM2be less than 0, then F
sPM2value is 0;
S3: the total consumption F determining potassium magnesium sulfate
sPM: F
sPM=F
sPM1+ F
sPM2
4) potassium sulfate consumption F is determined
kS:
F
kS=[M
k-available potassium in soils content-(F
sPM× H
1K/ W)/C
k] × C
k× W/H
2K(kg/acre);
In above formula, M
kfor soil exchangeable potassium desired value, C
kfor soil exchangeable potassium buffer value, F
sPMfor described potassium magnesium sulfate consumption, H
1Kfor the potassium content of potassium magnesium sulfate, H
2Kfor the potassium content in potassium sulfate;
If F
sK﹤ 0, then F
sKvalue is 0;
5) borax consumption F is determined
b:
If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is more than or equal to Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the consumption F of borax
bbe 0; If Effective Boron of Soil measured value is less than Effective Boron of Soil desired value, then the amount of application F of borax
bbe calculated as follows:
F
b=(M
b-Effective Boron of Soil content) × C
b× W/H
b
In above formula, M
bfor Effective Boron of Soil desired value, C
bfor Effective Boron of Soil buffer value, H
bfor the Boron contents in borax;
6) monohydrate zinc sulphate consumption F is determined
zn:
If Soil Available Zinc measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of monohydrate zinc sulphate
znbe 0; If Soil Available Zinc measured value is less than Soil Available Zinc desired value, then the consumption F of monohydrate zinc sulphate
znbe calculated as follows:
F
zn=(M
zn-Available Zn content in soil) × C
zn× W/H
zn(kg/acre)
M in above formula
znfor Soil Available Zinc desired value, C
znfor Soil Available Zinc buffer value, H
znfor the Zn content in monohydrate zinc sulphate;
7) cupric sulfate pentahydrate consumption F is determined
cu:
If Soil Available Copper measured value is more than or equal to Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cube 0; If Soil Available Copper measured value is less than Soil Available Copper desired value, then the consumption F of cupric sulfate pentahydrate
cube calculated as follows:
F
cu=(M
cu-Soil Available Copper content) × C
cu× W/H
cu
In above formula, M
cufor Soil Available Copper desired value, C
cufor Soil Available Copper buffer value, H
cufor the copper content in cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
6. the soil improvement method according to right 5, it is characterized in that: described in use the material and carrying out of improving the soil operation of improving the soil be the block area of first determining to need to carry out soil melioration, then the consumption of described soil improvement material is multiplied by the consumption that described block area just can obtain the various materials of improving the soil of this plot needs; Before arable land, various material of improving the soil fully is mixed, and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields behind the ground in whole plot, first will spread fertilizer over the fields the plot rotary tillage of material of improving the soil once, then soil plough is turned over once, then by soil rotary tillage once, complete operation of improving the soil.
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| CN108738449A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省卓创信息科技服务有限公司 | A kind of method of strawberry cultivating soil improvement |
| CN108998048A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-14 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | A kind of modification method of Southern Red Soil |
| CN110367028A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-25 | 广西大学 | A method of improvement many years Mango Fruit Garden acid soil produces selenium-rich mango |
| CN111972073A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient utilization method of red soil resources |
| CN114568061A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-06-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid reconstruction method of plough layer |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108738449A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省卓创信息科技服务有限公司 | A kind of method of strawberry cultivating soil improvement |
| CN108998048A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-14 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | A kind of modification method of Southern Red Soil |
| CN110367028A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-25 | 广西大学 | A method of improvement many years Mango Fruit Garden acid soil produces selenium-rich mango |
| CN111972073A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient utilization method of red soil resources |
| CN114568061A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-06-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid reconstruction method of plough layer |
| CN114568061B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-10-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid reconstruction method of plough layer |
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