CN102318493B - Method for planting dry-land Brassica napus by using mulching film corn residual film - Google Patents
Method for planting dry-land Brassica napus by using mulching film corn residual film Download PDFInfo
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- CN102318493B CN102318493B CN 201110234614 CN201110234614A CN102318493B CN 102318493 B CN102318493 B CN 102318493B CN 201110234614 CN201110234614 CN 201110234614 CN 201110234614 A CN201110234614 A CN 201110234614A CN 102318493 B CN102318493 B CN 102318493B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting dry-land Brassica napus by using mulching film corn residual films, which is characterized in that the residual films are reserved after mulching film corns are harvested, and the Brassica napus is dibbled by using broken films according to the original specifications, i.e. the ridge width being 1.0m to 1.2m and the ridge spacing being 0.3m to 0.5m, the row spacing being 20cm to 23cm, the plant spacing being 25cm to 30cm, 0.2kg to 0.3kg of seeds per mu land and 5 to 8 grains per pit; when 3 to 5 main leaves grow from the Brassica napus, final singling of seedlings is completed at one step, two seedlings per pit are left and the density is controlled to be 18000 to 20000 plants per mu; and when 6 to 8 main leaves grow from the Brassica napus, the residual films are uncovered, intertillage soil loosing is conducted in combination with application of 8kg to 10kg of urea to promote the seedlings and the soil among ridges is lifted up to the ridges for planting the Brassica napus. By reusing the residual films, the method effectively solves the problems of insufficient soil moisture, low ground temperature, uneven emerged seedlings, poor seedling growth and high field management labor input from the sowing to the stage of the dry-land Brassica napus with 8 main leaves, realizes the tillage-free and drought-resistant cultivation of the Brassica napus, and achieves the goals of cultivating strong seedlings, saving the cost and increasing the efficiency during Brassica napus production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil crop culture technique field, be specifically related to no-tillage, the drought resisting planting method of rape.
Background technology
Rape (
Brassica napus), Cruciferae, rape belongs to, and is the main source of human edible vegetable oil and fat.Rapeseed cultivation mainly comprises paddy field rape and the nonirrigated farmland rape two parts take corn, flue-cured tobacco etc. as previous crops take paddy rice as previous crops.Wherein, the nonirrigated farmland rape reaches more than 2,000,000 mu at the sowing area in Yunnan, accounts for more than 50% of the whole province's rapeseed cultivation area.Mainly be distributed in height above sea level more than 1800 meters, during the growth of rape effective precipitation below 300 millimeters, on the hillside of non-irrigated condition, tableland.
General 9-11 month of rape is sowed, and 3-5 month in next year gathers in the crops, during comprise sowing time management, seedling management and bloom after middle and later periods management.Temperature reduces when rape seed, and substantially finish rainy season.This in period soil moisture not enough, ground temperature is on the low side, has a strong impact on emerging of nonirrigated farmland rape.Irregular, serious, the outstanding problem such as the not enough seedling growth of nourishing and growing is poor of being short of seedling of emerging has reduced the yield and output value of tank oil vegetable seed.
Rape seed is the critical periods of cultivating strong sprout, improving tank oil vegetable seed output and quality to growing between 8 leaf periods.For cultivating strong sprout, prior art all adopts manual operation being seeded into the seedling management stage, and operation is more, and the labour has high input.Mainly comprise removing residual film, Soil tillage is raked, and the flat moisture in the soil of ditching is beaten pool program request rape, and thinning is executed and carried seed manure, final singling, intertill and clean tillage, ridging.Therefore, carry out to improve nonirrigated farmland rape seed and seedling management quality research, when reducing labour's input cost, reach Miao Qimiao and strengthen, reduce rape middle and later periods management cost, thereby realize the maximization of rape productivity effect, promote rape to produce the stable of area and output, ensure edible vegetable oil and fat safety, become the rape cultivation research of current nonirrigated farmland and the main direction of using.
The per capita cultivated land is more for rape producing region, nonirrigated farmland, and nonirrigated farmland rape seed area is larger, and sowing area reaches more than 5 mu per family.Simultaneously, these regional rape ecological conditions are poor, economics of underdevelopment, and along with the fast development of urbanization, the rural laborer goes out to work in a large number, and the labour of rape production drops into wretched insufficiency, is badly in need of proposing the light cropping pattern of simplifying.Namely for the traditional planting technology of turn over sowing, fine-grained management, flow chart is simple, less input for labour and capital, time saving and energy saving, abridged edition, efficient culture technique.
Adopting the film-mulching technique plantation to plant corn is the general maize culture mode of Southwest Mountainous Areas, generally is commonly referred to as mulched maize, is one of main previous crops of Southwest Mountainous Areas nonirrigated farmland rape.After the mulched maize results, before the rapeseed cultivation, (this mulch film is designated hereinafter simply as residual film, and the breakage rate of its mulch film requires below 30% to need to drop into the larger relatively intact mulch film in human and material resources taking-up field.）。
How above-mentioned three aspects: solution of problem being organically combined, propose the method for a kind of effective plantation nonirrigated farmland rape, is the important topic of being badly in need of solution.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides and a kind ofly can effectively solve above-mentioned three aspects: problem, utilize that the residual film of mulched maize is no-tillage, the method for drought resisting planting nonirrigated farmland rape.
A kind of method of utilizing the residual film zero tillage of mulched maize nonirrigated farmland rape proposed by the invention, planting as follows to growing to 8 leaf periods from rape seed:
1, after the mulched maize results, the residual film that keeps the mulch film corn field, according to 1.0～1.2 meters of the original row spacings of mulch film corn field, 0.3～0.5 meter specification of distance between the ridges when the rape of plantation nonirrigated farmland, is pressed 20～23 centimetres of line-spacings, 25～30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, rupture of membranes beat the pool by every mu with 0.2～0.3 kilogram of rape seed, 5～8 of every pool sowing rape seed, 5 row rapes are planted on every ridge, finish sowing annual 20～October 10 September;
2, disposablely during slice true leaf in growth of rape to 3～5 finish final singling, seedling 2 strains are stayed on every pool, control density 1.8～2.0 ten thousand strain/mus;
3, remove residual film during slice true leaf in growth of rape to 6～8, simultaneously, execute 8～10 kilograms of conducts of urea in conjunction with every mu and carry seed manure, carrying out 1 intertillage loosens the soil, and soil between the ridge mentioned cultivate rape on the ridge, make original corn ridge become the moisture in the soil face of rape, become irrigation and drainage ditch between the moisture in the soil of rape between ridge originally.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention by the again utilization of the residual film of mulched maize, has realized no-tillage, the drought-resistant cultivating of rape by measures in early stage such as reservation mulched maize ridge shapes.Utilize the residual film insulation of mulched maize, moisturizing, fertilizer conservation and effectively plantation specification and seedling management (comprise rape emerge after not thinning, a final singling) technological means, effectively solve the nonirrigated farmland rape and grown to the soil moisture deficiency that 8 true leaf critical periods exist from being seeded into, ground temperature is on the low side, emerge irregular, be short of seedling serious, the not enough seedling growth of nourishing and growing is poor, and labour's wretched insufficiency, the previous crops residual film on the field need drop into larger manpower, the problem of material resources, reached significantly the neat and consistent of emerging, the growth high conformity, cultivate strong sprout, save the effect of cost and increasing both production and income.
2, the inventive method is subjected to weather effect little, and can realize loses no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil begins sowing in good time to guarantee the neat and consistent of emerging.
3, the inventive method removes residual film when rape 6-8 sheet true leaf, earths up and finishes the irrigation ditch that begins to rehearse, and has increased soil permeability, has promoted root growth and development, is conducive to absorbing of liquid manure than the tillage free cultivation.Simultaneously, disposablely finish fertilising, intertill and clean tillage, the irrigation ditch 4 road seedling management operations of earthing up and begin to rehearse, reduced rape field management recruitment cost, and increased the lodging tolerance of rape.
4, seedling 2 strains are stayed on every pool during the rape final singling, when guaranteeing planting density, have realized that seedling evenly, avoided striving between individuality water and striven fertilizer.Increased the ventilation and penetrating light in field, promoted the coordinated development of rape individual dominance and community superiority, realized increasing production and improying productivity.
5, cultivation method of the present invention and the tradition planting type of turning over is compared, and the rape plant height reduces 14-25%, effectively branch amount increases by 30～45%, the knot mil(unit of angular measure) increases by 20～50%, thousand kernel weight increases by 10～15%, single plant yield improves 10～15%.Labor savings, farm machinery drop into 8～10%, and the output value improves 15～20%, add up to realize cost-saving synergistic 20～25%.The unit are net earnings improves nearly 0.9～1.0 times.
6, the inventive method is compared with the tillage free cultivation, and effectively branch amount increases by 80～90%, really number increase by 15～26%, single plant yield improve 20～30% to the individual plant effective angle.Increase the labour and drop into 8～10%, the output value improves 25～35%.The labour that deduction increases drops into, and realizes synergy about 15～20%.The unit are net earnings improves nearly 0.5～0.8 times.
7, cultivation method of the present invention be that a kind of flow chart is simple, less input for labour and capital, time saving and energy saving, save cost, high-quality and efficient light simplification implantation methods, apply in the rape producing region, vast nonirrigated farmland of suitable Southwest Mountainous Areas mulched maize previous crops.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
This example is implemented in Mount Huang town, Yulong county, Lijiang County In Yunnan Province city in 2010-2011, and effective precipitation is 275 millimeters during 2100 meters of this area's height above sea level, the growth of rape, experimental field belongs to the hillside of non-irrigated condition.
Test is provided with 3 processing.Wherein, processing 1 is that conventional cultivation method, processing 2 are the tillage free method for the inventive method, processing 3.3 repetitions are all established in three processing, and detailed results sees Table 1 and table 2.
The 1 conventional cultivation method of processing mainly comprises: behind the harvest corn, remove residual film, after Soil tillage is raked, the flat moisture in the soil of artificial trench digging is beaten the pool, presses line-spacing 30-45 centimetre, spacing in the rows 25-30 centimetre, and every mu with 0.3 kilogram of program request rape of rape seed, thinning is 1-2 time during 2-3 sheet true leaf, topdress 1 time (chase after urea 8-10 kilogram, namely carry seed manure), final singling, intertill and clean tillage during 5-6 sheet true leaf, chase after the 8-10 kg urea as carrying seed manure and finishing ridging.Pour water afterwards, rape field management and the results such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests.The active ingredient purity nitrogen of urea fertilizer, effective content are 46%.
Processing 3 tillage free cultivation methods mainly comprises: behind the harvest corn, do not take off residual film, line-spacing 30-45 centimetre, spacing in the rows 25-30 centimetre are pressed in rupture of membranes program request (in residual film upper shed program request), finish sowing with 0.3 kilogram of rape seed for every mu.Thinning is 1-2 time during 2-3 sheet true leaf, topdress 1 time (chase after urea 8-10 kilogram, namely carry seed manure), and final singling during 5-6 sheet true leaf, until the rape maturation does not remove the ridging of residual film and intertill and clean tillage, all the other management and results are with processing 1.
Processing 2 is the inventive method, from rape seed to growing to 8 steps leaf period is being:
1, after the mulched maize results, keep the former relatively complete residual film of mulch film corn field, be that the described residual film breakage rate that is this mulch film is below 30%, according to the original row spacing 1.0-1.2 of mulch film corn field rice, distance between the ridges 0.3-0.5 rice specification utilizes residual film that insulation, the moistening effect of soil are directly cultivated the nonirrigated farmland rape; When the rape of plantation nonirrigated farmland, press 20 centimetres of line-spacings, the pool apart from centimetre 25cm, rupture of membranes is beaten the pool and is sowed rape seed 5-8 grain by every mu with 0.3 kilogram of kind, every pool, 5 row rapes are planted on every ridge, (existing mulch film specification is 1.0-1.2 rice to finish the nonirrigated farmland rape seed September 28, the standardized planting of mulched maize is row spacing 1.0-1.2 rice, distance between the ridges 0.3-0.5 rice specification);
2, not thinning after rape is emerged, 1 final singling during 5 true leaves, seedling 2 strains are stayed on every pool, control density 1.8 ten thousand strain/mus;
3, after the rape final singling, remove residual film during 6 true leaves, simultaneously, execute 10 kg urea as carrying seed manure in conjunction with every mu, carry out 1 intertillage and loosen the soil, and soil between the ridge mentioned cultivate rape on the ridge.Corn ridge originally becomes present rape moisture in the soil face, becomes irrigation and drainage ditch between present rape moisture in the soil between corn ridge originally, forms irrigation and drainage ditch between rapeseed cultivation moisture in the soil face and moisture in the soil, drainage waterlogging prevention when making things convenient for the rape middle and later periods to pour water drought resisting and rainfall.
The field management such as remaining rape middle and later periods applies fertilizer, pours water, prevention and elimination of disease and pests are identical with the conventional cultivation method with results.
Rape major traits comparison sheet under three kinds of cultivation methods of table 1
Annotate: numerical value is 3 repetition mean values in the table; Lowercase represents to reach 5% significance level; Capitalization represents to reach 1% significance level.Lower same.
Three kinds of cultivation method rapes of table 2 productivity effect comparison sheet
Annotate: 1. unit is unit/hm in the table
22. the seed consumption is 4.5kg/hm
2, 50.00 yuan/kg of unit price; 3. chemical fertilizer consists of, urea 600kg, 3.0 yuan/kg; Phosphate fertilizer 750kg, 0.80 yuan/kg; Compound fertilizer special (N:P:K=10:10:5, total effective content be 25%) 450kg, 2.0 yuan/kg; Boron fertilizer 15kg, 10 yuan/kg; 4. the labour calculates by 40 yuan/worker, and tank oil vegetable seed price is calculated by 4.5 yuan/kg.
Claims (1)
1. a method of utilizing the residual film plantation of mulched maize nonirrigated farmland rape is characterized in that, is planting as follows to growing to 8 leaf periods from rape seed:
(1) after the mulched maize results, the residual film that keeps the mulch film corn field, according to 1.0～1.2 meters of the original row spacings of mulch film corn field, 0.3～0.5 meter specification of distance between the ridges is when the rape of plantation nonirrigated farmland, press 20～23 centimetres of line-spacings, the pool apart from 25～30 centimetres, rupture of membranes is beaten the pool, and every mu with 0.2～0.3 kilogram of rape seed, 5～8 of every pool sowing rape seed, 5 row rapes are planted on every ridge, finish sowing annual 20～October 10 September;
(2) disposablely during slice true leaf in growth of rape to 3～5 finish final singling, seedling 2 strains are stayed on every pool, control density 1.8～2.0 ten thousand strain/mus;
(3) remove residual film in growth of rape to 6～8 during slice true leaf, simultaneously, execute 8～10 kilograms of conducts of urea in conjunction with every mu and carry seed manure, carry out 1 intertillage and loosen the soil, and soil between the ridge mentioned cultivate rape on the ridge.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110234614 CN102318493B (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2011-08-16 | Method for planting dry-land Brassica napus by using mulching film corn residual film |
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| CN 201110234614 CN102318493B (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2011-08-16 | Method for planting dry-land Brassica napus by using mulching film corn residual film |
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| CN102318493B true CN102318493B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107493944A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2017-12-22 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods based on nonirrigated farmland rape film side collecting rain, suppressing steaming |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103460939B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-01-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | The implantation methods that the no-tillage drought resisting of winter rape of a kind of nonirrigated farmland is cold-resistant |
| CN104641841A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-27 | 杨建太 | Film-mulching wild cabbage cultivation method |
| CN105409499B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-11-14 | 上海百泉生物技术有限公司 | A kind of double season crop rotations of rape corn and breeding co-planting method |
| CN106941907A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-14 | 吴明明 | The method that full film double-furrow broadcasts corn regrowth hair zero tillage winter rape |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 何怀富.高山地区玉米地膜二次利用移栽油菜技术.《湖北农业科学》.1990,(第10期),1-2. * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107493944A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2017-12-22 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods based on nonirrigated farmland rape film side collecting rain, suppressing steaming |
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