CN102907242B - A method for planting and overturning green manure in advance in the soil of a tobacco area - Google Patents
A method for planting and overturning green manure in advance in the soil of a tobacco area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种烟区土壤中提前种植和翻压绿肥的方法,包括选种、播种、肥水管理、翻耕步骤。选用高产、早熟的绿肥品种,如光叶苕子或毛苕子或箭舌豌豆或蓝花苕子,在海拔1200m以下的烟区,在8月至9月上旬,烟叶中部叶采烤时期,采用撒播的方式,将绿肥种子套种于烟田中,沟厢配套,确保能排能灌;待绿肥苗齐后撒施普通过磷酸钙、尿素,促进绿肥生长,在12月至翌年的1月份,结合冬季的翻耕,将绿肥翻耕入10~20cm深的土中;翻耕后应达到不使绿肥植株外露;本发明有效的解决了烟区种植绿肥、冬季翻耕冻土以及“三先”技术之间的矛盾,而且使得烟区的土壤进行了改良,地力得到了提升,烟叶的质量能够稳步提高。The invention discloses a method for planting and overturning green manure in advance in the soil of a tobacco area, comprising the steps of seed selection, sowing, fertilizer and water management, and tillage. Select high-yielding, early-maturing green manure varieties, such as smooth-leaf vetch or hairy vetch, arrow-tongue pea, or blue-flowered vetch, in smoking areas below 1200m above sea level, during the period from August to early September, when the middle leaves of the tobacco leaves are harvested and roasted, the method of spreading is adopted. , interplant green manure seeds in the tobacco field, and form a complete set of trenches to ensure drainage and irrigation; after the green manure seedlings are ready, spread calcium phosphate and urea to promote the growth of green manure. From December to January of the next year, combined with winter turning Plowing, plowing the green manure into the soil with a depth of 10-20cm; after plowing, the green manure plants should not be exposed; the present invention effectively solves the problem of planting green manure in the tobacco area, plowing the frozen soil in winter and the "three first" technologies. Moreover, the soil in the smoking area has been improved, the soil fertility has been improved, and the quality of tobacco leaves can be steadily improved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及绿肥种植方法,更具体的涉及一种烟区土壤中提前种植和翻压绿肥的方法。 The present invention relates to a method for planting green manure, and more specifically to a method for planting and pressing green manure in advance in the soil of tobacco-growing areas.
背景技术 Background technique
烟草是忌连作作物,但是以“规模化种植、集约化经营、专业化分工、信息化管理”为主要特点的现在烟草农业,使得连作问题在烟叶生产中普遍存在,加之烟区长期施用化肥、有机肥投入不足,导致烟田土壤出现结构板结、地力衰退等问题。但通过在烟田休闲季节种植绿肥,既达到合理轮作的目的,又能改良土壤,培肥地力,促进了烟叶质量的稳步提高。烟田冬季的翻耕冻土不仅能有效地改良土壤结构、促进团粒结构形成、改善土壤通透性,而且还能协调土壤中水、肥、气、热状况,具有蓄水、提墒和保土保肥作用,同时深层土壤经过长时间爆晒和冷冻,降低了病原菌、虫卵等有害生物的数量,抑制烟叶病虫害的发生。可见在烟区土壤中种植绿肥和进行深翻冻土是实现烟叶的可持续发展的一条有效措施。 Tobacco is a crop that should not be continuously cropped, but the current tobacco agriculture characterized by "large-scale planting, intensive management, specialized division of labor, and information management" makes continuous cropping problems common in tobacco leaf production. In addition, long-term use of chemical fertilizers, Insufficient input of organic fertilizers has led to problems such as structural compaction and soil fertility decline in tobacco fields. However, by planting green manure in the leisure season of the tobacco field, it not only achieves the purpose of reasonable crop rotation, but also can improve the soil, fertilize the soil, and promote the steady improvement of the quality of tobacco leaves. Plowing frozen soil in tobacco fields in winter can not only effectively improve the soil structure, promote the formation of aggregate structure, improve soil permeability, but also coordinate the water, fertilizer, gas, and heat conditions in the soil, and has the functions of water storage, moisture extraction and conservation. It has the function of soil conservation and fertilizer. At the same time, the deep soil has been exposed to the sun and frozen for a long time, which reduces the number of harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs, and inhibits the occurrence of tobacco leaf diseases and insect pests. It can be seen that planting green manure and deep plowing permafrost in the soil of the tobacco area is an effective measure to achieve the sustainable development of tobacco leaves.
近年来,烟区推广 “先施肥、先起垄、先覆膜”的“三先”技术,不仅有利于避免集中用工,缓解劳动力紧张的矛盾,而且有利于避免整地起垄时天气不利、土壤墒情不佳,农事操作不便等问题,提高整地、起垄、施用基肥的操作质量、保证最佳的烟草移栽期。因此,烟草推广的“三先”技术对提高烟叶生产整体水平起到了较大的促进作用。 In recent years, the "three first" technology of "fertilization first, ridge formation first, and film mulching first" has been promoted in tobacco areas. Poor soil moisture, inconvenient farming operations and other problems, improve the operation quality of soil preparation, ridge formation, and base fertilizer application, and ensure the best tobacco transplanting period. Therefore, the "three advanced" technologies of tobacco promotion have greatly promoted the improvement of the overall level of tobacco leaf production.
但是据调查表明,目前在湖北省烟区土壤中种植绿肥的模式为, 绿肥的播种时期为10-11月,于翌年的4-5月份时进行绿肥翻压,这与烟区推广的“先起垄、先施肥、先覆膜”的“三先”技术在时间上造成了矛盾,同时由于在烟区土壤中的秋冬季节种植绿肥,使得烟区土壤的冬季翻耕冻土难以实现。因此,本专利通过改变烟区土壤中绿肥的种植和翻压模式,有效的解决了烟区土壤中种植翻压绿肥、土壤翻耕冻土和“三先”技术之间的矛盾,并且可以达到节本增效的效果。 However, according to the survey, the current mode of planting green manure in the soil of tobacco-growing areas in Hubei Province is that the sowing period of green manure is October-November, and the green manure is overturned in April-May of the following year. The "three first" technologies of ridging, fertilizing first, and film mulching first caused contradictions in time. At the same time, because green manure was planted in the soil in the tobacco-growing area in autumn and winter, it was difficult to plow the frozen soil in winter in the tobacco-growing area. Therefore, by changing the green manure planting and overturning mode in the soil of the tobacco area, this patent effectively solves the contradiction between planting and overturning green manure in the soil of the tobacco area, soil plowing and permafrost and the "three first" technologies, and can achieve The effect of saving money and increasing efficiency.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种烟区土壤中提前种植和翻压绿肥的方法。既实现了烟区土壤中种植绿肥,又能实现烟区土壤冬季的翻耕冻土,以及烟区“三先”技术的推广。 The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for planting and overturning green manure in advance in the soil of the tobacco area. It not only realizes the planting of green manure in the soil of the tobacco area, but also realizes the plowing and permafrost of the soil in the tobacco area in winter, and the promotion of the "three advanced" technologies in the tobacco area.
一种烟区土壤中提前种植和翻压绿肥的方法,其步骤为: A method for planting and pressing green manure in advance in the soil of a tobacco area, the steps of which are:
1、选种: 1. Selection:
选用高产、早熟的绿肥品种,如光叶苕子或毛苕子或箭舌豌豆或蓝花苕子,种子质量符合国家三级以上良种,纯度不低于92%,种子净度不低于94%,种子发芽率不低于75%。 Choose high-yielding, early-maturing green manure varieties, such as smooth-leafed vetch or hairy vetch or arrow-tongue pea or blue-flowered vetch. The quality of the seeds meets the national third-grade or higher varieties, the purity is not less than 92%, the seed purity is not less than 94%, and the seeds germinate The rate is not less than 75%.
2、播种: 2. Sowing:
在海拔1200m以下的烟区,在8月至9月上旬,烟叶中部叶采烤时期,采用撒播的方式,将绿肥种子套种于烟田中,绿肥的播种量为75~105 kg/ hm2,确保绿肥在入冬之前的生物量大于18 t/ hm2,达到翻压的标准。 In tobacco areas below 1200m above sea level, from August to early September, when the middle leaves of the tobacco leaves are harvested and roasted, green manure seeds are interplanted in the tobacco fields by sowing. The sowing rate of green manure is 75-105 kg/hm 2 to ensure The biomass of green manure before winter is greater than 18 t/hm 2 , meeting the standard for overturning.
3、肥水管理: 3. Fertilizer and water management:
沟厢配套,确保能排能灌;待绿肥苗齐后撒施普通过磷酸钙225 kg/hm2、尿素75 kg/hm2,促进绿肥生长,保证绿肥在冬季翻耕前达到翻压的鲜草量。 The furrow box is equipped to ensure drainage and irrigation; after the green manure seedlings are ready, sprinkle 225 kg/hm 2 of calcium phosphate and 75 kg/hm 2 of urea to promote the growth of green manure and ensure that the green manure can reach the freshness of the overturned pressure before plowing in winter. Grass amount.
4、翻耕: 4. Plowing:
在12月至翌年的1月份,结合冬季的翻耕,将绿肥翻耕入10~20cm深的土中;绿肥翻压时可采用人工或者圆盘耙将绿肥茎叶切成20-30cm长,然后均匀撒在地面或施在沟里,最后采用机耕或者牛耕的方式进行翻耕,翻耕后应达到不使绿肥植株外露。 From December to January of the next year, combined with winter plowing, the green manure is plowed into the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm; when the green manure is turned over, the stems and leaves of the green manure can be cut into 20-30 cm long by hand or with a disc harrow. Then evenly sprinkle it on the ground or apply it in the ditch, and finally use the method of machine plowing or ox plowing for plowing. After plowing, the green manure plants should not be exposed.
与现有技术相比本发明具有如下有益效果: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过提前种植绿肥,结合冬季翻耕进行绿肥翻压的模式,不仅有效的解决了烟区种植绿肥、冬季翻耕冻土以及“三先”技术之间的矛盾,而且使得烟区的土壤进行了改良,地力得到了提升,烟叶的质量能够稳步提高。 The invention not only effectively solves the contradiction between planting green manure in the tobacco area, plowing the permafrost in winter and the "three first" technologies by planting green manure in advance, but also makes the soil in the tobacco area Improvements have been made, soil fertility has been improved, and the quality of tobacco leaves can be steadily improved. the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1 Example 1
1、选种 1. Seed selection
选用绿肥品种光叶紫花苕子,种子质量符合国家三级以上良种,纯度不低于92%,种子净度不低于94%,种子发芽率不低于75%。 The green manure variety Guangye Zihuazi is selected. The seed quality meets the national third-level or above improved varieties, the purity is not less than 92%, the seed purity is not less than 94%, and the seed germination rate is not less than 75%.
2、播种 2. Sowing
在海拔800~1200 m的烟区,于8月20号,采用撒播的方式将绿肥种子套种于烟田中,绿肥的播种量为105 kg/ hm2。 In the tobacco area at an altitude of 800-1200 m, on August 20, green manure seeds were interplanted in the tobacco field by sowing, and the sowing rate of green manure was 105 kg/hm 2 .
3、肥水管理: 3. Fertilizer and water management:
做好水分管理,沟厢配套,保证能排能灌;待绿肥苗齐后撒施普通过磷酸钙225 kg/hm2、尿素75 kg/hm2,促进绿肥生长,保证绿肥在冬季翻耕前达到翻压的生物量。 Do a good job of water management, complete with trenches and chambers, to ensure drainage and irrigation; after the green manure seedlings are ready, sprinkle 225 kg/hm 2 of calcium phosphate and 75 kg/hm 2 of urea to promote the growth of green manure and ensure that the green manure can be plowed before winter Biomass to overpressure.
4、翻耕 4. Plowing
于1月15号,结合冬季的翻耕,将绿肥翻入15~20cm深的土中;绿肥翻压时可先采用圆盘耙将绿肥茎叶切成20~30cm长,然后均匀撒在地面或施在沟里,最后采用机耕的方式进行翻耕,翻耕后应达到不使绿肥植株外露。按鲜重计,翻压绿肥量为24 t/ hm2。 On January 15th, combined with the plowing in winter, turn the green manure into the soil at a depth of 15-20cm; when turning the green manure, you can first use a disc harrow to cut the green manure stems and leaves into 20-30cm long, and then spread them evenly on the ground Or apply it in the ditch, and finally use the method of machine tillage to plow. After plowing, the green manure plants should not be exposed. Calculated by fresh weight, the amount of pressed green manure is 24 t/hm 2 .
实施例2 Example 2
1、选种 1. Seed selection
选用绿肥品种毛苕子,种子质量符合国家三级以上良种,纯度不低于92%,种子净度不低于94%,种子发芽率不低于75%。 The green manure variety Maoshaozi is selected, and the seed quality meets the national third-level or above fine varieties, the purity is not lower than 92%, the seed purity is not lower than 94%, and the seed germination rate is not lower than 75%.
2、播种 2. Sowing
在海拔600~800 m的烟区,于9月1号,采用撒播的方式将绿肥种子套种于烟田中,绿肥的播种量为90 kg/ hm2。 In the tobacco area at an altitude of 600-800 m, green manure seeds were interplanted in the tobacco field on September 1st, and the seeding rate of green manure was 90 kg/hm 2 .
3、肥水管理: 3. Fertilizer and water management:
做好水分管理,沟厢配套,保证能排能灌;待绿肥苗齐后撒施普通过磷酸钙225 kg/hm2、尿素75 kg/hm2,促进绿肥生长,保证绿肥在冬季深翻前达到翻压的生物量。 Do a good job of water management, and make sure that the trenches and chambers can be drained and irrigated; after the green manure seedlings are ready, sprinkle 225 kg/hm 2 of calcium phosphate and 75 kg/hm 2 of urea to promote the growth of green manure and ensure that the green manure can be plowed before winter. Biomass to overpressure.
4、翻耕 4. Plowing
于1月5号,结合冬季的翻耕,将绿肥翻入15~20cm深的土中;绿肥翻压时可先采用人工将绿肥茎叶切成20~30cm长,然后均匀撒在地面或施在沟里,最后采用牛耕的方式进行翻耕,翻耕后应达到不使绿肥植株外露。按鲜重计,翻压绿肥量为25.5 t/ hm2。 On January 5th, combined with plowing in winter, turn the green manure into the soil at a depth of 15-20cm; when turning the green manure, you can manually cut the stems and leaves of the green manure into 20-30cm long, and then spread them evenly on the ground or apply In the ditch, the method of ox plowing is finally used for plowing. After plowing, the green manure plants should not be exposed. Calculated by fresh weight, the amount of overturned green manure is 25.5 t/hm 2 .
实施例3 Example 3
1、选种 1. Seed selection
选用绿肥品种箭舌豌豆,种子质量符合国家三级以上良种,纯度不低于92%,种子净度不低于94%,种子发芽率不低于75%。 The green manure variety Arrow tongue pea is selected. The seed quality meets the national level three or above improved varieties, the purity is not lower than 92%, the seed clarity is not lower than 94%, and the seed germination rate is not lower than 75%.
2、播种 2. Sowing
在海拔600 m以下烟区,于9月10号,用撒播的方式将绿肥种子套种于烟田中,绿肥的播种量为75 kg/ hm2。 In the tobacco area below 600 m above sea level, on September 10, green manure seeds were interplanted in the tobacco field by sowing, and the seeding rate of green manure was 75 kg/hm 2 .
3、肥水管理: 3. Fertilizer and water management:
做好水分管理,沟厢配套,保证能排能灌;待绿肥苗齐后每亩撒施普通过磷酸钙225 kg/hm2、尿素75 kg/hm2,促进绿肥生长,保证绿肥在冬季深翻前达到翻压的生物量。 Do a good job of water management, and make sure that the trenches and chambers can be drained and irrigated; after the green manure seedlings are ready, sprinkle 225 kg/hm 2 of calcium phosphate and 75 kg/hm 2 of urea per acre to promote the growth of green manure and ensure that the green manure is deep in winter. Biomass to reach rollover pre-flop.
4、翻耕 4. Plowing
于12月15号,结合冬季的翻耕,将绿肥翻入15~20cm深的土中;绿肥翻压时可先采用人工将绿肥茎叶切成20~30cm长,然后均匀撒在地面或施在沟里,最后采用机耕的方式进行翻耕,翻耕后应达到不使绿肥植株外露。按鲜重计,翻压绿肥量为27.0 t/ hm2。 On December 15th, combined with plowing in winter, turn the green manure into the soil at a depth of 15-20cm; when turning the green manure, you can manually cut the stems and leaves of the green manure into 20-30cm long, and then spread them evenly on the ground or apply In the ditch, finally adopt the method of mechanical tillage to plow, and after plowing, the green manure plants should not be exposed. Calculated by fresh weight, the amount of pressed green manure is 27.0 t/hm 2 .
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CN103081706A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-05-08 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Pea and tobacco intercropping method |
CN103329718B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-03-04 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method |
CN104770188A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 湖南农业大学 | Planting, plowing and ridging method for green manure on tobacco stubble |
CN105724008A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-07-06 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for interplanting prostrate fresh autumn peas with flue-cured tobacco stalks as supports |
CN107371780B (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-03-17 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Green protection early planting method for tobacco seedlings |
CN109923984B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2021-05-11 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of three-stage green manure in-situ application method of tobacco field |
CN108124566A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-08 | 四川农业大学 | Subtract the method for applying synergy in arrow Kuo peas in cigarette the crop rotation of Rhizobium Inoculation |
CN108770436A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-09 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of implantation methods and green manure seeding apparatus improving flue-cured tobacco green manure sowing survival rate |
CN109588251A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | One kind cools cigarette district Hairy vetch relay interplanting planting and cropland application method |
CN110402784A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-05 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A method for planting and overturning green manure in advance in the soil of a tobacco area |
CN111587742A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for planting 70 green manure suitable for winter pasturing in northern cold and cold tobacco regions |
CN111955303A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco and sweet pea interplanting method |
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