CN104041269A - Method for quickly planting fracturing alkali soil switchgrass - Google Patents
Method for quickly planting fracturing alkali soil switchgrass Download PDFInfo
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- CN104041269A CN104041269A CN201410196139.8A CN201410196139A CN104041269A CN 104041269 A CN104041269 A CN 104041269A CN 201410196139 A CN201410196139 A CN 201410196139A CN 104041269 A CN104041269 A CN 104041269A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly planting fracturing alkali soil switchgrass, which mainly aims to solve problems such as high alkalization degree, heavy texture and low fertility of fracturing alkali soil, low emergence rate of switchgrass and difficult planting. The technical scheme adopted by the method for quickly planting the fracturing alkali soil switchgrass, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps of: 1, laser soil leveling; 2, improved material application; 3, fertilizing in a composite organic and inorganic way; 4, deeply tilling and upturned soil sunning; 5, irrigating, salt leaching and alkali pressing; 6, soil preparing before transplantation; 7, seedling transplantation; 8, field management; 9, timely harvesting; 10, winter irrigating, alkali pressing and soil moisture conservation. According to the method for quickly planting the alkali soil switchgrass, disclosed by the invention, the quick planting of the switchgrass on the fracturing alkali soil can be realized, the switchgrass can well grow, a higher biological yield can be obtained at the same year when the switchgrass is planted, the method is suitable for planting the fracturing alkali soil switchgrass on Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia, the method is beneficial for resource development and utilization and biomass energy production, and obvious economic, social and ecological benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method.
Background technology
Be full of cracks alkaline earth is a kind of alkali-affected soil with bad physicochemical property, and its basicity is high, quality is sticky heavy, fertility is low, and during due to this soil dry, chap like turtleback in earth's surface, therefore claim " be full of cracks alkaline earth ", is called again " white muddy soil " in Ningxia.Be full of cracks alkaline earth is mainly distributed in western part of Xinjiang, Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia and Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia.
Switchgrass is a kind of draft C4 plant that originates from North America, has the advantages such as perennial, strong adaptability, output are high, environmental friendliness, multipurpose, is one of ideal energy-source plant.Utilize a large amount of be full of cracks alkaline earth resources to carry out switchgrass plantation, both can realize the biological modification in such soil, can also produce biomass material, there are significant economy, society and ecological benefits.But due to high, the quality of basicity of be full of cracks alkaline earth sticky heavy, fertility is low, causes that switchgrass emergence rate is low, planting is difficult, the plantation that has seriously restricted high-grade energy plant switchgrass is promoted.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method, described method comprises the steps:
The present invention is high mainly for be full of cracks alkaline earth basicity, quality is glued the problems such as heavy, fertility is low, and switchgrass emergence rate is low, planting is difficult, proposes a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method.The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows.
1, laser land leveling
Carry out laser land leveling autumn, require to accomplish that same field just differs and is no more than 5cm, guarantee that field face is smooth, pour water evenly, avoid the local salification of soil.
2, use improvement material
After laser land leveling, use the improvement materials such as desulfurated plaster, furfural dregs, yellow sand, for improveing soil structure, reduce alkalization of soils degree.Desulfurated plaster 1.5-2.0 ton/mu, furfural dregs 0.8-1.0 ton/mu, yellow sand 4-5 ton/mu, various improvement materials evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
3, organic-inorganic is compound fosters and apply fertilizer
Adhere to that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are compound and foster and apply fertilizer, and heavy dressing fertilizer.Use high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu, double superphosphate 15kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mu.Various fertilizer all manually spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
4, plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up
After improvement material to be administered and fertilizer, adopt subsoiling plow to carry out subsoiling and plough deeply, ploughing depth 25-30cm, makes to improve the abundant combination of material and soil.After turning over, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, vegetable soil.
5, alkali is pressed in washing salinity by irrigation
Carry out washing salinity by irrigation in conjunction with winter irrigation and press alkali.Before pouring water, beat the high ridge, the high 50cm in the ridge, each filling face is 1-2 mu, ensures to pour water evenly.Irrigating water quota is 100-120m
3/ mu, pours water and earth's surface Yu Shui was drained in latter 24 hours, continuous water injection desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 2-3 time.
6, transplanting front soil prepares
In the time that Second Year topsoil in early spring thaws 2-3cm, push up and insult rake a kind of farm tools, hold moisture in the soil water conservation, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Transplant and use the whole ground of disk harrow the previous day, the degree of depth of raking the soil level 8-10cm, by furrow face leveling compacting, completes soil and prepares.
7, seedling raising and transplanting
By switchgrass planting seed in the cave dish of matrix is housed, in warm indoor raising of seedling.In the time that switchgrass seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, select robust growth, seedling that growing way is consistent is transplanted.Switchgrass transplanting time is the first tenday period of a month in May, adopts bunch planting when transplanting, line-spacing 50cm, and spacing in the rows 25cm, pours water after transplanting immediately, and irrigation quantity is 30-40m
3/ mu.
8, field management
After the slow seedling of switchgrass seedling, carry out in time weeding.According to weather condition, respectively pour water 1 time tillering stage (period of seedling establishment), shooting stage, flowering stage.Abolish and harden in time at precipitation or after pouring water, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Switchgrass planting is not topdressed then, after planting, imposes urea 15-20kg/ mu every year in the shooting stage in conjunction with pouring water.
9, gather in the crops in good time
After annual autumn, switchgrass overground part was withered, gather in the crops toothing 3-5cm when results.
10, alkali soil moisture conservation is pressed in winter irrigation
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 every year month, carry out winter irrigation and press alkali soil moisture conservation, irrigation quantity is 80-100m
3/ mu, pours water and remaining water in field was drained in latter 24 hours, and draw hoe in good time and loosen the soil, and keeps soil from packing together, and affects switchgrass and turns green.
The present invention can realize the quick planting of switchgrass at be full of cracks alkaline earth, and well-grown, planting can obtain higher biological yield then, be applicable to the plantation of Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass, be conducive to saline land resources development and utilization and biomass energy and produce, there are significant economy, society and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, will describe more fully now the present invention, show various embodiment.But the present invention can implement in many different forms, and should not be interpreted as being confined to embodiment set forth herein.On the contrary, it will be thorough with completely providing these embodiment to make the disclosure, and scope of the present invention is conveyed to those skilled in the art fully.
The present invention is high mainly for be full of cracks alkaline earth basicity, quality is glued the problems such as heavy, fertility is low, and switchgrass emergence rate is low, planting is difficult, proposes a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method.The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows.
1, laser land leveling
Carry out laser land leveling autumn, require to accomplish that same field just differs and is no more than 5cm, guarantee that field face is smooth, pour water evenly, avoid the local salification of soil.
2, use improvement material
After laser land leveling, use the improvement materials such as desulfurated plaster, furfural dregs, yellow sand, for improveing soil structure, reduce alkalization of soils degree.Desulfurated plaster 1.5-2.0 ton/mu, furfural dregs 0.8-1.0 ton/mu, yellow sand 4-5 ton/mu, various improvement materials evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
3, organic-inorganic is compound fosters and apply fertilizer
Adhere to that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are compound and foster and apply fertilizer, and heavy dressing fertilizer.Use high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu, double superphosphate 15kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mu.Various fertilizer all manually spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
4, plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up
After improvement material to be administered and fertilizer, adopt subsoiling plow to carry out subsoiling and plough deeply, ploughing depth 25-30cm, makes to improve the abundant combination of material and soil.After turning over, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, vegetable soil.
5, alkali is pressed in washing salinity by irrigation
Carry out washing salinity by irrigation in conjunction with winter irrigation and press alkali.Before pouring water, beat the high ridge, the high 50cm in the ridge, each filling face is 1-2 mu, ensures to pour water evenly.Irrigating water quota is 100-120m
3/ mu, pours water and earth's surface Yu Shui was drained in latter 24 hours, continuous water injection desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 2-3 time.
6, transplanting front soil prepares
In the time that Second Year topsoil in early spring thaws 2-3cm, push up and insult rake a kind of farm tools, hold moisture in the soil water conservation, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Transplant and use the whole ground of disk harrow the previous day, the degree of depth of raking the soil level 8-10cm, by furrow face leveling compacting, completes soil and prepares.
7, seedling raising and transplanting
By switchgrass planting seed in the cave dish of matrix is housed, in warm indoor raising of seedling.In the time that switchgrass seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, select robust growth, seedling that growing way is consistent is transplanted.Switchgrass transplanting time is the first tenday period of a month in May, adopts bunch planting when transplanting, line-spacing 50cm, and spacing in the rows 25cm, pours water after transplanting immediately, and irrigation quantity is 30-40m
3/ mu.
8, field management
After the slow seedling of switchgrass seedling, carry out in time weeding.According to weather condition, respectively pour water 1 time tillering stage (period of seedling establishment), shooting stage, flowering stage.Abolish and harden in time at precipitation or after pouring water, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Switchgrass planting is not topdressed then, after planting, imposes urea 15-20kg/ mu every year in the shooting stage in conjunction with pouring water.
9, gather in the crops in good time
After annual autumn, switchgrass overground part was withered, gather in the crops toothing 3-5cm when results.
10, alkali soil moisture conservation is pressed in winter irrigation
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 every year month, carry out winter irrigation and press alkali soil moisture conservation, irrigation quantity is 80-100m
3/ mu, pours water and remaining water in field was drained in latter 24 hours, and draw hoe in good time and loosen the soil, and keeps soil from packing together, and affects switchgrass and turns green.
According to the method described above, carried out switchgrass planting experiment at Ningxia typical case's be full of cracks alkaline earth.Result shows, soil pH value is down to 8.45 by 9.51, basicity is down to 12.3% by 30.9%, switchgrass planting is respond well, survival rate reaches more than 85% then, wintering rate reaches more than 96%, and planting switchgrass hay yield then reaches 285kg/ mu, and Second Year hay yield can reach 589kg/ mu.
The present invention can realize the quick planting of switchgrass at be full of cracks alkaline earth, and well-grown, planting can obtain higher biological yield then, be applicable to the plantation of Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass, be conducive to saline land resources development and utilization and biomass energy and produce, there are significant economy, society and ecological benefits.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, be not limited to the present invention.The present invention can have various suitable changes and variation.All any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within protection scope of the present invention all should be included in.
Claims (10)
1. a be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method, is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the steps: (1), laser land leveling; (2), use improvement material; (3), organic-inorganic is compound fosters and apply fertilizer; (4), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up; (5), alkali is pressed in washing salinity by irrigation; (6), transplanting front soil prepares; (7), seedling raising and transplanting; (8), field management; (9), gather in the crops in good time; (10), alkali soil moisture conservation is pressed in winter irrigation.
2. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (1): carry out laser land leveling autumn, require to accomplish that same field just differs and is no more than 5cm, guarantee that field face is smooth, pour water evenly, avoid the local salification of soil.
3. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (2): after laser land leveling, use the improvement materials such as desulfurated plaster, furfural dregs, yellow sand, for improveing soil structure, reduce alkalization of soils degree; Desulfurated plaster 1.5-2.0 ton/mu, furfural dregs 0.8-1.0 ton/mu, yellow sand 4-5 ton/mu, various improvement materials evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
4. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (3): adhere to that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are compound and foster and apply fertilizer, and heavy dressing fertilizer; Use high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu, double superphosphate 15kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mu; Various fertilizer all manually spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface.
5. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (4): after improvement material to be administered and fertilizer, adopt subsoiling plow to carry out subsoiling and plough deeply, ploughing depth 25-30cm, makes to improve the abundant combination of material and soil; After turning over, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, vegetable soil.
6. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (5): carry out washing salinity by irrigation in conjunction with winter irrigation and press alkali; Before pouring water, beat the high ridge, the high 50cm in the ridge, each filling face is 1-2 mu, ensures to pour water evenly; Irrigating water quota is 100-120m
3/ mu, pours water and earth's surface Yu Shui was drained in latter 24 hours, continuous water injection desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 2-3 time.
7. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (6): push up in the time that Second Year topsoil in early spring thaws 2-3cm and insult rake a kind of farm tools, hold moisture in the soil water conservation, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil; Transplant and use the whole ground of disk harrow the previous day, the degree of depth of raking the soil level 8-10cm, by furrow face leveling compacting, completes soil and prepares.
8. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (7): by switchgrass planting seed in the cave dish of matrix is housed, in warm indoor raising of seedling; In the time that switchgrass seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, select robust growth, seedling that growing way is consistent is transplanted; Switchgrass transplanting time is the first tenday period of a month in May, adopts bunch planting when transplanting, line-spacing 50cm, and spacing in the rows 25cm, pours water after transplanting immediately, and irrigation quantity is 30-40m
3/ mu.
9. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (8): after the slow seedling of switchgrass seedling, carry out in time weeding; According to weather condition, respectively pour water 1 time tillering stage (period of seedling establishment), shooting stage, flowering stage; Abolish and harden in time at precipitation or after pouring water, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil; Switchgrass planting is not topdressed then, after planting, imposes urea 15-20kg/ mu every year in the shooting stage in conjunction with pouring water.
10. a kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step (9): gather in the crops toothing 3-5cm when results after annual autumn, switchgrass overground part was withered;
In described step (10): carry out winter irrigation and press alkali soil moisture conservation at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 every year month, irrigation quantity is 80-100m
3/ mu, pours water and remaining water in field was drained in latter 24 hours, and draw hoe in good time and loosen the soil, and keeps soil from packing together, and affects switchgrass and turns green.
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| CN201410196139.8A CN104041269B (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | A kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method |
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| CN201410196139.8A CN104041269B (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | A kind of be full of cracks alkaline earth switchgrass quick planting and establishing method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104830345A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 宁夏大学 | Modifier for newly-cultivated cracked alkaline soil and improvement method |
| CN105123222A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州高创特新能源发展股份有限公司 | Application of switchgrass in desert control |
| CN105830848A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method for building panicum virgatum into vegetation in severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN105940910A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Quick planting method for matrimony vine in cracking alkaline soil with salt control |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104830345A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 宁夏大学 | Modifier for newly-cultivated cracked alkaline soil and improvement method |
| CN105123222A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州高创特新能源发展股份有限公司 | Application of switchgrass in desert control |
| CN105830848A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method for building panicum virgatum into vegetation in severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN105830848B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-07-27 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method that heavy salinized ground switchgrass builds up vegetation |
| CN105940910A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Quick planting method for matrimony vine in cracking alkaline soil with salt control |
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