CN102487770B - Rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487770B CN102487770B CN201110413732XA CN201110413732A CN102487770B CN 102487770 B CN102487770 B CN 102487770B CN 201110413732X A CN201110413732X A CN 201110413732XA CN 201110413732 A CN201110413732 A CN 201110413732A CN 102487770 B CN102487770 B CN 102487770B
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil. The characteristic that pH value and EC of the position of a ridge waist of a severe soda saline-alkali area are the lowest is utilized, rice seedlings are transplanted at the position of the ridge waist, damage of salt to rice root systems is avoided, and the environment suitable for normal growth of rice is created. The rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of the severe soda saline-alkali soil solves the problems that the rice planting survival rate of the severe soda saline-alkali soil is low, growth of the rice is subjected to saline and alkaline limitation, and the like. The rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of the severe soda saline-alkali soil is low in cost, reduces harrowing measures, improves soil, increases ground temperature, expands effective ploughing area, and is of great importance for increasing rice yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of ridge culture paddy rice method, especially disclose a kind of rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil, belong to the proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
The landlocked soda alkaline land area of China occupies the third place in the world, and wherein West of Songnen Plain soda alkaline land area has just reached 373 hm
2Soda alkaline land soil is strong basicity reaction, during salt is grouped into soda (NaHCO
3With Na
2CO
3) be main, soil characteristics is different from the neutral solonchak in strand, pH is many more than 8.5, heavy salinized ground soil pH〉9.5, saturation extract electrical conductivity ECe〉10dS/m, sodium matter basicity ESP〉50%.In severe Saline-Sodic area, there is large stretch of saline-alkali wasteland to distribute, can't plant the not paddy rice of Salt And Alkali Tolerance.In West of Songnen Plain Saline-Sodic area, traditional Rice Cropping is to plant in the flat mode of doing.This planting patterns has at severe Saline-Sodic ground Main Problems:
1, soil salt spatially is evenly distributed, and saline and alkaline degree is high, all is subject to high-intensity Saline Alkali Stress to each growth and development stage behind the rice transplanting;
2, the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching needs a large amount of irrigation waters, the local desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and evaporate brine in the part;
3, flatly do paddy rice and be in for a long time the waterflooding anaerobic environment, be unfavorable for rice tillering and grow;
4, heavy salinized ground permeability is poor, and the flat ground temperature of doing under the long-term waterflooding is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil, has solved the low problem of Saline-Sodic area Rice Cropping survival rate.
The open rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil technical solution of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) add desulfurated plaster:
Be sprinkled into uniformly desulfurated plaster to the field face, per hectare applies 15000～30000 kg;
2) execute farmyard manure:
Evenly admix the anti-medicine water enemy (25% fentin acetate wetting powder) who dewaters continuous by 10000:1 ~ 2 weight portions in farmyard manure, per hectare applies 1.62～1.9 kg; It evenly is sprinkled into the field;
3) plough:
Carry out rotary tillage soil-working with rotovator, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm makes desulfurated plaster, farmyard manure fully mix with soil;
4) build the ridge:
Machinery is built the ridge; High 30～45 cm in ridge, row spacing 50～65 cm, wide 20～30 cm of ridge platform;
5) soaked field and draining:
Built the soaked field of pouring water behind the ridge, water irrigating depth flushes with the ridge waist, can not have the ridge platform; Behind the soaked field 1 day, carry out draining; Soaked field-draining circulates 3 times;
6) rice transplanting:
After soaked field and draining processing, to pour water again, the height of pouring water flushes with the ridge waist, can not have the ridge platform; Filled with behind the water in ridge waist position rice transplanting; 4～8 strains of every cave, paddy rice seedling age 35～40 days; The cave distance is 10～15 cm.
Show that through experiment the present invention makes the paddy rice survival rate improve 70%-85%, saline and alkaline and reduced 40%-60%, Rise of Geotemperature 3-6 ℃ of 40%-50%, water saving, have resistant to lodging, easily tiller, well developed root system, the advantages such as water saving stable yields.The present invention has increased the permeability of soil, has improved light, heat, water condition and the microbial activities environment of soil.It is a suitable severe Saline-Sodic area Rice Cropping culture technique.
Good effect of the present invention is:Utilizing waist position, ridge pH value and the EC in severe Saline-Sodic area is minimum characteristics, and the murder by poisoning of salinity to rice root hidden in ridge waist position rice transplanting, createed the environment of suitable paddy rice normal growth.Solved severe soda alkaline land Rice Cropping survival rate low, growth is subjected to the problem of saline and alkaline inhibition etc.Have cost relatively low, reduce the measure of raking the soil level, improvement soil, increase ground temperature, enlarge effective arable area, increase the significance of rice yield.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram on ridge culture paddy rice ridge; Wherein, 1, furrow; 2, ridge platform; 3, ridge waist;
Fig. 2 is that the ridge culture paddy rice changes at the pH of the diverse location soil saturation mud on the different times ridge of growth;
Fig. 3 is that the ridge culture paddy rice changes at the EC of the diverse location soil saturation mud on the different times ridge of growth.
Embodiment:
Experimental example 1
The ridge culture of the present invention salt rice seed method for planting of hiding.Referring to Fig. 1 experimental study is carried out in the saline and alkaline degree variation of the diverse location (furrow 1, ridge platform 2, ridge waist 3) on ridge, experimental period and place: on May 20th, 2011, on the Saline-Sodic grassy marshland of ecological experiment station, the large peace alkali ground of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, after fertilising, rotary tillage, Jian Long, soaked field, draining and rice transplanting, different vegetative stages in paddy rice, the diverse location (furrow 1, ridge platform 2, ridge waist 3) on ridge is carried out original position to fetch earth, the degree of depth that fetches earth is 10 cm, thereby detects pH and the electrical conductivity (EC) of saturated mud.The saline and alkaline variation of the diverse location on research ridge.Experimental result is seen Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and the result shows: find by ridge culture experiment, in pH value and the EC(electrical conductivity of the different vegetative stages ridge of paddy rice platform) be the highest (pH〉10.5; ECe〉15) secondly be furrow (9.5＜pH＜10.5; 4＜ECe＜15).And the pH value of waist position, ridge and EC are minimum (8＜pH＜9.5; 1＜ECe＜4).Because the Saline-Sodic area at drought along with the evaporation of paddy field moisture and the capillarity of soil, moves up the salinity in the soil, the poly-phenomenon of salt submeter occurs, so the saline and alkaline degree of ridge platform is the highest.And the salinity in the waist of ridge is along with the decline of the water surface, and enters in the water or move down with water, so the saline and alkaline degree of ridge waist is minimum.If thereby rice seed has been hidden the murder by poisoning of salinity to rice root in waist position, ridge, createed the environment of suitable paddy rice normal growth.
Ridge culture paddy rice of the present invention in 8.5＜pH＜9.5, the severe soda alkaline land of electrical conductivity 8＜ECe＜15 dS/m carries out the ridge culture rice test, totally 3 of experimental plots, each residential quarter area is 200 m
2Time and place: on May 20th, 2011, on the Saline-Sodic grassy marshland of ecological experiment station, the large peace alkali ground of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Test procedure is as follows:
1) add desulfurated plaster:
Be sprinkled into desulfurated plaster on the ground to the severe Saline-Sodic, 400 kg desulfurated plasters are executed in every residential quarter.
2) execute farmyard manure:
Evenly admix the anti-medicine water enemy (25% fentin acetate wetting powder) who dewaters continuous in farmyard manure, every residential quarter applies 24 g.The farmyard manure of having executed medicine evenly is sprinkled in the experimental plot.
3) plough:
Carry out rotary tillage soil-working with rotovator, the rotary tillage degree of depth 20 cm.
4) build the ridge:
Machinery is built the ridge.High 30 cm in ridge, row spacing 55 cm.Wide 25 cm of ridge platform
5) soaked field and draining:
Built the soaked field of pouring water behind the ridge, water irrigating depth flushes with the ridge waist.Behind the soaked field 1 day, carry out draining.Soaked field-draining circulates 3 times.
6) rice transplanting:
After soaked field-draining processing, to pour water again, the height of pouring water flushes with the ridge waist.Begin rice transplanting after having filled with water, rice shoot is inserted in waist position, ridge.4～8 strains of every cave, the cave distance is 12 cm.Paddy rice seedling age 35～40 days, rice varieties are eastern rice No. 4.
Study by inquiry paddy rice survival rate, tillering capacity and the output of different vegetative stages and find, ridge culture rice seedling survival rate has surpassed 94%, and tillering capacity surpasses 97%, and maturation output harvest time is at 9800 kg/hm
2～12000 kg/hm
2
Ridge culture paddy rice of the present invention in 9.5＜pH＜10.5, the severe soda alkaline land of electrical conductivity 15＜ECe＜20 dS/m carries out the ridge culture rice test, totally 3 of experimental plots, each residential quarter area is 200 m
2Time and place: on May 20th, 2011, on the Saline-Sodic grassy marshland of ecological experiment station, the large peace alkali ground of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Test procedure is through adding desulfurated plaster, apply farmyard manure, ploughing, build the farming processing such as ridge, soaked field and draining, rice transplanting.
Through paddy rice survival rate, tillering capacity and the output discovery of the different vegetative stages of investigation, ridge culture rice seedling survival rate has surpassed 91%, and tillering capacity surpasses 93%, and maturation output harvest time is at 9500 kg/hm
2～10500 kg/hm
2
Ridge culture paddy rice of the present invention is at pH〉10.5, electrical conductivity ECe the utmost point severe soda alkaline land of 20 dS/m carries out the ridge culture rice test, totally 3 of experimental plots, each residential quarter area is 200 m
2Time and place: on May 20th, 2011, on the Saline-Sodic grassy marshland of ecological experiment station, the large peace alkali ground of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Test procedure is through adding desulfurated plaster, apply farmyard manure, ploughing, build the farming processing such as ridge, soaked field and draining, rice transplanting.
Investigate paddy rice survival rate, tillering capacity and the output of different vegetative stages and find, ridge culture rice seedling survival rate has surpassed 88%, and tillering capacity surpasses 89%, and maturation output harvest time is at 9250 kg/hm
2～9850 kg/hm
2
Claims (1)
1. rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil may further comprise the steps:
1) add desulfurated plaster:
Be sprinkled into uniformly desulfurated plaster to the field face, per hectare applies 15000～30000 kg;
2) execute farmyard manure:
Evenly admix the anti-medicine water enemy (25% fentin acetate wetting powder) who dewaters continuous by 10000:1 ~ 2 weight portions in farmyard manure, per hectare applies 1.62～1.9 kg; It evenly is sprinkled into the field;
3) plough:
Carry out rotary tillage soil-working with rotovator, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm makes desulfurated plaster, farmyard manure fully mix with soil;
4) build the ridge:
Machinery is built the ridge; High 30～45 cm in ridge, row spacing 50～65 cm, wide 20～30 cm of ridge platform;
5) soaked field and draining:
Built the soaked field of pouring water behind the ridge, water irrigating depth flushes with the ridge waist, can not have the ridge platform; Behind the soaked field 1 day, carry out draining; Soaked field-draining circulates 3 times;
6) rice transplanting:
After soaked field and draining processing, to pour water again, the height of pouring water flushes with the ridge waist, can not have the ridge platform; Filled with behind the water in ridge waist position rice transplanting; 4～8 strains of every cave, paddy rice seedling age 35～40 days; The cave distance is 10～15 cm.
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Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919090A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | One-hole multi-plants close planting method for saline-alkali soil rice |
| CN103125237B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-02-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Three-increasing comprehensive planting method of recarburization, oxygenation and resistance-increasing of soda saline-alkaline paddy rice |
| CN103283338B (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2016-08-24 | 张维 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil rice cultivation |
| CN103891449B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of soda salinized soil rapid build |
| CN105038803A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Carbonate type saline-alkali land soil conditioner and application thereof to pennisetum sinese planting |
| CN105028074A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-11 | 山东省水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical dry direct sowing culture method for yellow river delta saline-alkali soil |
| CN105144893B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of soaked field phase for improveing soda alkaline land paddy field fills water discharge method |
| CN107896542A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The modification method of fast lifting salt-soda soil paddy field soil organic matter |
| CN107926449A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-04-20 | 刘占贵 | Play the technology of high ridge plantation lycium ruthenicum in a kind of salt-soda soil |
| CN109275524A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-29 | 吉林农业大学 | It is a kind of to improve Sodic salinization paddy field Adverse Resistance Cultivation method using charcoal |
| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN110558179B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-09-17 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN110771295A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil |
| CN112205248A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-12 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Low-humidity saline-alkali area ryegrass planting method |
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