CN110771295A - Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110771295A CN110771295A CN201911030752.1A CN201911030752A CN110771295A CN 110771295 A CN110771295 A CN 110771295A CN 201911030752 A CN201911030752 A CN 201911030752A CN 110771295 A CN110771295 A CN 110771295A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological restoration method of extreme saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a terrain in the early sixty-month period, forming a ditch with the depth of 30cm and the width of 50cm, forming a ridge ditch terrain with the ridge width of 50cm, enabling the ridge direction to be vertical to the sun angle in summer, forming shadow areas in the ditch, and digging drainage ditches at two ends in the direction vertical to the ridge ditches; the drainage ditch is in an open state; 2) transplanting the Suaeda salsa seedlings when the 6 months rainy season comes in the second year; 3) digging holes on the ridge side which is 10cm away from the vertical height of the bottom of the furrow for planting, 4) and keeping the furrow and the drainage ditch in a closed state without watering after the transplanting is finished; 5) and then the plant grows naturally without manual intervention. The method disclosed by the invention is extremely low in cost, extremely simple and convenient in steps and extremely low in natural interference, and can well realize ecological restoration of the heavy saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an improvement method of coastal saline-alkali soil, in particular to an ecological restoration method of a bare land of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil. More particularly to an ecological restoration method for coastal heavy saline-alkali land bare land with 0-5cm of soil surface and total salt content of more than 60 g/kg.
Background
A large area of saline-alkali soil exists in coastal areas, the salt content of the soil is generally higher, and the average salt content is about 30 g/kg. Because the salt content of the soil is higher than the salt tolerance limit of plants, most plants cannot survive, and therefore, a large area of non-plant-covered area exists. On one hand, because the earth surface is not covered by vegetation, the evaporation capacity is large, soil salt is easy to separate and accumulate on the surface, the salt content on the surface layer is increased, a vicious circle is formed, and difficulty is brought to later-stage treatment; on the other hand, the areas without coverage are important sources for dust formation due to the fact that the weathers are more in the festival of spring and winter. Therefore, the method has very important practical significance in treating the saline-alkali soil.
At present, for the treatment of saline-alkali soil, the salt content of the soil is reduced mainly by engineering measures of salt washing, salt discharge and salt isolation, and finally the soil is suitable for plant growth; and then, the dust raising net is covered for temporary covering, so that the dust raising is restrained. The measures are unsustainable for the treatment and utilization of the saline-alkali soil, phytoremediation is an important direction for ecological remediation of the saline-alkali soil, at present, research and application are many, but research from the perspective of the whole ecological system is few, namely saline-alkali soil treatment is carried out by utilizing multiple disciplines such as meteorology, soil science, phytology, ecology and the like. The invention utilizes the natural law to carry out the ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil from the perspective of an ecological system, thereby not only having low cost, but also having minimum interference on the ecological system, and further protecting the ecological system to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims at heavy saline-alkali soil in coastal areas, the salt content of surface soil is more than 20g/kg, engineering measures such as a concealed pipe filter layer, foreign soil, irrigation and the like are not needed, and plant restoration of the heavy saline-alkali soil is carried out by utilizing a natural law. The method mainly utilizes the spatial and temporal variation law of soil water and salt migration of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, applies the agricultural trenching and salt-hiding technology, the plant succession law of the heavy saline-alkali soil, meteorology and the like, and carries out vegetation restoration on the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil through the micro-terrain, the growth law of the coastal halophyte suaeda salsa in the natural state and the salt tolerance characteristics in different growth periods.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a coastal heavy saline-alkali soil ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a terrain in the early sixty months, forming a ditch with the depth of 30cm and the width of 50cm, forming a furrow terrain with the ridge width of 50cm, and enabling the ridge direction to be perpendicular to the summer sun angle (because the Tianjin area is located north of the northbound return line, in order to ensure that the summer sun is perpendicular to the ridge, manufacturing furrows in the east-west direction), so that shadow areas are formed in the ditches, and digging drainage ditches at two ends in the direction perpendicular to the furrows; the bottom of the drainage ditch is equal to the bottom of the ridge ditch in height, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 10 cm; the drainage ditch is in an open state;
2) transplanting the Suaeda salsa seedlings when the 6 months rainy season comes in the second year; selecting Suaeda salsa seedlings with the number of leaves being about 10 for transplanting; (when the number of leaves is about 10, the main stem is lignified, and the salt tolerance of the suaeda salsa is more than 60 g/kg);
3) digging holes on the ridge side which is 10cm away from the vertical height of the bottom of the ditch for planting, wherein the depth of the holes is 7cm, and backfilling soil to form a 2cm micro ditch after backfilling;
4) after transplanting, watering is not needed, and the furrow and the drainage ditch are kept in a closed state; (Suaeda salsa seedlings were made permeable.)
5) And then the plant grows naturally without manual intervention.
Preferably, the suaeda salsa seedlings are dug by selecting suaeda salsa in a wet area for seedling lifting, and root-protecting soil with the diameter of 5cm is reserved.
Preferably, the plant spacing of the suaeda salsa is 10 cm.
Preferably, the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil aimed by the method is coastal heavy saline-alkali soil with the content of the total salt of 0-5cm soil at the bottom of May being more than 60g/kg, and the content of the total salt of 5-50cm soil being more than 20 g/kg.
Preferably, the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil aimed by the method is coastal heavy saline-alkali soil with the content of the total salt of 0-5cm soil at the bottom of May to be 60-70 g/kg and the content of the total salt of 5-50cm soil to be more than 20 g/kg.
After the suaeda salsa is transplanted for one month, the survival rate of the suaeda salsa is over 80 percent; in the third year, due to the covering effect of the suaeda salsa dead branches and the interaction of the root system of the suaeda salsa and the soil in the last year, the salt content of the micro-area of the soil is reduced, seeds do not need to be planted, the vegetation coverage rate in the furrow reaches over 90 percent at the end of october.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention fully utilizes the laws of meteorology, space-time variation law of soil water and salt migration, ecology and the like to find the lowest point of the soil salt under the condition of micro-topography in one year in the coastal region under the natural condition. The method is characterized in that the seedlings of the suaeda salsa in the lignified saline land have extremely strong salt tolerance and can survive well under the condition of 70 g/kg. By utilizing the law and natural rainwater, the salt content of the soil is in a 60g/kg area, conventional engineering measures are not needed, the vegetation coverage is directly carried out by utilizing the natural law, and the improvement of the soil of the heavy saline-alkali soil and the increase of plant communities are accelerated. The technology has the advantages of extremely low cost, extremely simple and convenient steps and extremely little natural interference, and can well realize the ecological restoration of the heavy saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
Performing ecological restoration projects of heavy saline-alkali soil in new ecological cities in Tianjin coastal in 2017-2019; the project site is close to the Bohai sea, the underground water level is about 150cm, the total salt content of 0-5cm on the surface layer of soil at the bottom of 5 months in 2017 is 65g/kg, the pH value is 8.3, the total salt content of a soil body of 5-50cm is 38g/kg-51g/kg, the vertical change of the total salt content is small, the soil is cohesive soil, the permeability is poor, and no plant grows.
A coastal heavy saline-alkali soil ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
1) and in the early sixty months in 2017, the terrain is modeled, furrows with the depth of 30cm and the width of 50cm and the ridge-furrow terrain with the ridge width of 50cm are modeled, and furrows in the east-west direction are manufactured (because the Tianjin area is positioned north of the return line of north, the furrows are easy to form shadow areas due to the shielding of the ridges so as to ensure that the sun is vertical to the ridges in summer, and therefore, the water in the furrows has certain water potential difference, so that the salt in the soil in summer is accumulated to the ridges); keeping the drainage of the furrow smooth; drainage ditches are arranged on two sides, the height of the bottom of each drainage ditch is equal to that of the bottom of each furrow, and the depth of each drainage ditch is 10 cm; the drainage ditch is in an open state;
2) transplanting the Suaeda salsa seedlings when 6 months of rainy season of 2018 comes; selecting Suaeda salsa seedlings with main stems just lignified and leaves with the number of about 10 for transplanting; digging seedlings, namely selecting suaeda salsa in a wet area to lift the seedlings, and reserving root-protecting soil with the diameter of 5 cm;
3) planting in the ditch, digging holes on the ridge side 10cm away from the ditch bottom, planting with the hole depth of 7cm, backfilling soil to form a miniature ditch with the depth of 2cm after backfilling;
4) and after transplanting, watering is not needed, and the furrow and the drainage ditch are kept in a closed state.
5) And then the plant grows naturally without manual intervention.
After one month, the survival rate of the suaeda salsa is 82%; in 2019, due to the covering effect of the suaeda salsa dead branches in the last year and the interaction between the root system of the suaeda salsa and the soil, the salt content of the micro-area of the soil is reduced, seeds do not need to be planted, and the coverage rate of the suaeda salsa in 10 months is 91%;
the inventor obtains the salt tolerance extreme values of the suaeda salsa in different growth periods by investigating the total salt content of the root soil of the suaeda salsa in different growth periods in different regions under the natural state, and the salt tolerance extreme values are shown in the following table: furthermore, the invention selects the lignified suaeda salsa for transplanting.
Claims (5)
1. A coastal heavy saline-alkali soil ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a terrain in the early sixty-month period, forming a ditch with the depth of 30cm and the width of 50cm, forming a ridge ditch terrain with the ridge width of 50cm, enabling the ridge direction to be vertical to the sun angle in summer, forming shadow areas in the ditch, and digging drainage ditches at two ends in the direction vertical to the ridge ditches; the bottom of the drainage ditch is equal to the bottom of the ridge ditch in height, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 10 cm; the drainage ditch is in an open state;
2) transplanting the Suaeda salsa seedlings when the 6 months rainy season comes in the second year; selecting Suaeda salsa seedlings with the number of leaves being about 10 for transplanting;
3) digging holes on the ridge side which is 10cm away from the vertical height of the bottom of the ditch for planting, wherein the depth of the holes is 7cm, and backfilling soil to form a 2cm micro ditch after backfilling;
4) after transplanting, watering is not needed, and the furrow and the drainage ditch are kept in a closed state;
5) and then the plant grows naturally without manual intervention.
2. The method for ecologically restoring the coastal heavy saline-alkali land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the suaeda salsa seedlings are dug in the saline land, the suaeda salsa seedlings in a wet area are selected to be lifted, and the root-protecting soil with the diameter of 5cm is reserved.
3. The method for ecologically restoring the coastal heavy saline-alkali land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the plant spacing of the suaeda salsa is 10 cm.
4. The method for ecologically restoring the coastal heavy saline-alkali land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method aims at the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil with the total salt content of 0-5cm soil at the bottom of May being more than 60g/kg and the total salt content of 5-50cm soil being more than 20 g/kg.
5. The method for ecologically restoring the coastal heavy saline-alkali land according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the method aims at the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil with the total salt content of 0-5cm soil at the bottom of May being 60-70 g/kg and the total salt content of 5-50cm soil being more than 20 g/kg.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911030752.1A CN110771295A (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2019-10-28 | Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil |
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| CN201911030752.1A CN110771295A (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2019-10-28 | Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102487770A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN104396494A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land |
| RU2013141227A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-20 | Эльвира Батыревна Дедова | METHOD FOR GROWING RICE ON SALTED LANDS |
| CN105052291A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-18 | 常州市长宇实用气体有限公司 | Method for improving salt and alkali soil through halophyte |
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN107801573A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-16 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | It is a kind of to accelerate strand reclaimed land pionner Suaeda salsa raw method |
-
2019
- 2019-10-28 CN CN201911030752.1A patent/CN110771295A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102487770A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil |
| RU2013141227A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-20 | Эльвира Батыревна Дедова | METHOD FOR GROWING RICE ON SALTED LANDS |
| CN104396494A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN105052291A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-18 | 常州市长宇实用气体有限公司 | Method for improving salt and alkali soil through halophyte |
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN107801573A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-16 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | It is a kind of to accelerate strand reclaimed land pionner Suaeda salsa raw method |
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Address after: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Applicant after: Tianjin TEDA Green Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Applicant before: TIANJIN TEDA GREENING GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address after: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Applicant after: Tianjin TEDA Green Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 26 Muning Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300457 Applicant before: Tianjin TEDA Green Technology Group Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20200211 |