CN103477928B - Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice - Google Patents
Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of rice cultivation methods and discloses a dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for the rice comprises mechanically melting snow and dispersing moisture of the soil compulsively in old rice fields and preparing the soil by pulverizing through a rice field soil pulverizer in a high speed before seeding; deep applying 360 kg of prolonged and controlled release NPK (Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium) compound fertilizer which is rich in microelement and has the effective dose of 50 %, 75 kg of diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate and 18 kg of granular biological bacterial fertilizer to side positions 6 to 10 cm lower of rice seeds per hectare in one time and applying no fertilizer for the whole growth period; starting irrigating rice seedling at the rice period with four leaves and one center and manually replenishing water in the three water requirement critical period; weeding chemically; preventing and treating pest and disease damage; controlling rice blast. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for the rice has the advantages of solving the problems that the amount of labor used is large and the water is wasted during the rice cultivation process, increasing yield by 10 to 15 percent compared with water direct seeding, increasing yield by 5 to 10 percent compared with rice transplanting, being water saving, labor saving and mechanical in tilling, enabling tillering generation to be early and tillering number to be large, being good in soil permeability and enabling rice root system to be flourish.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice and make cultivation method technical field, be specifically related to a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method.
Background technology
China is a poor-water country, populous, and people's daily life water and industrial and agricultural production water are on the increase, the contradiction of lack of water.The Three River Plain of Heilongjiang Province has the paddy field of 2/3rds to irrigate by well water, drilling depth was no more than 20 meters and just sufficiently went up that centrifugal pump takes out the beginning of the nineties in last century, 10 years to 2000 short past drilling depth is just increased to 70 ~ 100 meters, and change immersible pump, if things go on like this excessive its excessive exploitation of groundwater, its consequence is hardly imaginable, the Three River Plain that water resource is enriched very much, can copy second North China Plain completely.In this case, develop light simple water-saving agriculture, reform paddy rice waterflooding cultivation method, carry out water saving kind of rice, development direct sowing on dry paddy field is produced, imperative.
Paddy rice originates in the torrid zone, subtropical mire area, and south China is one of original producton location of paddy rice.Owing to being in the result of growth and long-term natural selection under high temperature, many wet environment for a long time, paddy rice is defined adapt to the habit grown in water, so people utilize waterflooding method rice-cultivating habitually.This is traditional cultivation method that rice cropping is continued to use since the dawn of human civilization always.This cultivation method, shortcoming is that water consumption is large, and the phenomenon of wasting water is very serious, constrains the development of Rice Production.Theoretical research is verified with practice, and Rice Physiological needs water many unlike other cereal crop.Physiological water requirement just refers to the moisture being directly used in paddy rice normal physiological activity and keeping in plant body required for water balance.This is just reform paddy rice waterflooding cultivation, carries out direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation and provides theoretical foundation.
Direct sowing on dry paddy field also makes drought plant water pipe, and it educates the derivative a kind of Novel rice cropping system distilled out on the basis of transplanting in water direct seeding and drought.Direct sowing on dry paddy field and paddy rice water direct seeding, paddy field rice transplanting are cultivated completely different, it eliminate the need water wholely, nursery and rice transplanting operation procedure, but seed directly to be sowed in the old rice field on the whole ground of drought or the low-lying land of dry land.Before four leaf phases, drought is long, except dependence natural precipitation, in the rice water critical period, as planned moisturizing when tillering stage, booting stage, heading flowering period, pustulation period meet arid, take moistening irrigation method, according to the needs of weed eradication and physiological growth, what face, field can be interrupted sets up water layer, also can not set up water layer, can pour water on a small quantity or not pour water in low-lying plot.Direct sowing on dry paddy field per hectare year water consumption is only about 3000 cubic metres, except natural precipitation, less than 1/3rd of rice transplanting and water direct seeding water consumption.
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method has two kinds; One is that old rice field drought plants water pipe, and two is the low-lying land dry farming in dry land.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, the amount of labour used that existing paddy rice rice does to exist in process is large, waste water problem, the invention provides a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for technical solution problem is as follows:
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method, condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, drought are wholely
In old rice field, adopt per beginning of the year mechanical forced snow melt to fall apart moisture in the soil, before sowing, adopt that rice field pulverizer is high turns hack wholely, make top layer soil block maximum gauge be not more than 3 centimetres;
Step 2, dry sowing kind and bombard side deep fertilizing
(1) be sowing time when the ground temperature of selectively lower 5 centimeters is stabilized in 8 DEG C,
(2) rice paddy seed is with the water soaking 3 ~ 5 days of 10 DEG C after airing, then with seed soaking spirit sterilization, airing 3 ~ 4 days after vernalization, carries out pelletized again after cutting lateral root,
(3) adopt wide-narrow row close planting, wide line width is 45 centimetres, and narrow row width is 20 centimetres,
(4) adopt Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field sowing, seeding quantity is 90 ~ 100 kilograms/hectare, and sowing depth controls in 1 ~ 2 cm layer of soil,
(5) in whole growing process, nutrition is given enough, instead of survey soil formula, while sowing, per hectare effective dose be 50% sustained-release and controlled release be rich in trace element NPK Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 360 kilograms, diammonium phosphate or MAP 75 kilograms, 18 kilograms, granular biological bacterial manure, disposable deep placement is in rice paddy seed side-lower 6 ~ 10 centimeters, and paddy rice does not refertilize whole breeding time;
(6) adopt packer suppression in time after sowing and fertilising, low grade is gone slowly;
Step 3, four leaf phases pour water
Rice seedlings, when four one heart stages of leaf, starts to irrigate, and at three critical period of water need artificial recharges;
When rice seedlings enters meiosis stage, when nighttime temperature is lower than 17 DEG C, sets up profundal zone in advance and protect tire, reduce empty flat grain;
Step 4, chemical weed control
(1) rice seedlings have be unearthed extremely individually time, per hectare 3000 milliliters of glyphosate mechanical spray medicines, life that in earlier stage annual and perennial weeds are out gone out,
(2) when one heart stage of rice seedlings one leaf, per hectare with 20% Stam F-34 missible oil 15 kilograms, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine, or, per hectare cyanogen Buddhist grass 1200 milliliters, fat, outstanding 300 milliliters of rice, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine;
The control of step 5, damage by disease and insect
800 times of water converted by 1500 milliliters, per hectare dichlorvos, mechanical spray medicine;
Preventing and kill off of step 6, rice blast
Before Rice Heading, spray with taking the steady and Prochloraz boatization of enemy or adding big yield with the wind with gasoline engine trombone slide dense fog.
Further comprising the steps of before carry out step one:
The selection in plot: select that pH value is no more than 7.5, salt content be no more than 0.3% white muddy soil, black earth or soddy soil.
Further comprising the steps of before carrying out step 2:
The selection of rice varieties: the condition of rice varieties demand fulfillment is that (1) strong drought resistance is in conventional rice kind, (2) meiosis stage, resistance to less than 17 DEG C low temperature abilities were strong, (3) under drought condition, fast, disease-resistant, the pest-resistant lodging tolerance of growing way is strong, and (4) good grain quality, palatability, milled rice rate are high.
The HZB-2 type Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field that described Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field selects Hulin machinery plant in the Double Ninth Festival to produce.
In step 2 (4), described seeding quantity is 90 kilograms/hectare.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, output is improved
Utilize direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, within 2011, community is planted experimentally; Sowing in 2012 40 mu, output is per hectare 9000 kilograms; 2013 in Jidong, 854, the Hulin tiger head high yield appearance that starts to layout present is very good; Comparatively water direct seeding volume increase 10% ~ 15%, comparatively rice transplanting volume increase 5% ~ 10%.
2, conserve water, improve irrigation benifit
The field of the very heavy above paddy of general per mu yield, the time of infertility does not comprise natural precipitation, mu needs 700 ~ 1000 cubic metres, water, paddy 0.5 ~ 0.65 kilogram can be produced for every cubic metre, adopt direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, just when meeting arid, carry out artificial recharge 3 to 4 times, each moisturizing 60 ~ 70 cubic metres, the moisturizing total amount of 1 mu is about 200 cubic metres, this water consumption gets final product the very heavy paddy of production excess of export, the water of every cubic metre can produce paddy 2.5 ~ 3 kilograms, water consumption is only 1/3rd or 1/4th of rice transplanting paddy rice, the benefit of irrigation water improves 3 ~ 4 times, that is, the water of rice transplanting paddy rice 0.07 hectare required water, is used for carrying out direct sowing on dry paddy field, enough plants 3 ~ 4 mu, in view of this, reform paddy rice waterflooding cultivation method, carries out direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation, the soaked field water on water direct seeding and the whole ground of rice transplanting water can be saved, in turn save after direct-sowing rice founds pin simultaneously, the water yield of long-term waterflooding after transplant field rice transplanting is the effective way that water-saving and synergistic expands rice area.The paddy field district of insufficient water sources, adopts direct-sowing dry technology, anhydrous contradiction of mending after solving soaked field lack of water and rice transplanting.Reservoir is irrigated or river-water irrigation area, adopts direct-sowing dry technology, utilizes the water saving part, can expand the cultivated area of paddy rice.The low producing region of dry land of low-lying easy flood, adopt technique output to be doubled and redoubled, farming benefit can improve 2 ~ 3 times.
Adopt direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique every mu approximately to conserve water 500 ~ 700 cubic metres every year, if well water is irrigated, diesel oil 100 ~ 120 yuan can be saved, save the electricity charge 30 yuan, water rate about 20 yuan can be saved if irrigate by river or reservoir water.
3, saving of labor, laborsaving, reduce labor intensity, whole farming realizes mechanization
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, from the snow melt in early spring, dry sowing kind, hack, laxative whole to drought, fertilising, sprinkling liquid-state mulch film, until harvesting is all do mechanization operation, eliminates water with water direct seeding ratio whole, can save artificial 60 ~ 80 yuan for every mu.Educate with drought and transplant ratio, do not need nursery and rice transplanting, eliminate whole nursery cargo handling operation, all operations such as also eliminate all processes of rice transplanting, eliminate seedling, pull up seedlings, transport seedling, rice transplanting, fill the gaps with seedlings, also omit simultaneously bubble field, water wholely with rice transplanting after the recruitment of long-term moisturizing, except manually discharging water, can save artificial 4/5ths, add the employment cost simplifying the dry rice seedling fallen, 0.07 hectare can save labour cost more than 200 yuan.
4, direct sowing on dry paddy field, tiller and occur early, tillering number is many
Adopt direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, change the ecotope of paddy rice, not only inhibition is not had to rice growth, be conducive to paddy rice on the contrary and early tiller, tiller more.
Seedling raising and transplanting paddy rice, because rice seedling bed standing area is little, rice shoot foot 1 ~ 4 saves the normal agensis of axillalry bud, a meropodium root.Tiller and mostly occur on the intensive joint position of 5 ~ 8 joint positions.If rice transplanting is excessively dark, tillering node moves on on 8 ~ 10 joint positions, belong to a high position and tiller.After adopting direct sowing on dry paddy field technology, stem base portion 1 ~ 2 joint can be tillered, and belongs to low position tiller.Occur early owing to tillering, tillering number many tillers are long for vegetative period, and stem is thick, Ye Duo, and fringe is large, high yield.Seedling raising and transplanting paddy rice, in order to prevent the seedling that wafts after transplanting, pour water all not enough, in period of seedling establishment, rice shoot Huang is thin, and seldom tiller or do not tiller during this, this is the main cause that rice transplanting paddy rice can not reach optimal production.
5, direct sowing on dry paddy field soil permeability is good, well developed root system
Before rice seedling tri-leaf period, Ti Nei aerenchyma is not yet formed, and oxygen needed for root system relies on soil to supply completely, and drought wholely, the soil is porous for the soil of dry sowing kind, and ensureing air supply, is very necessary to rice seedling root growth.After the rice seedling four leaf phase, Aerenchyma formation, if rice seedling continues to be in arid soil ambient growth, so growth can be subject to certain suppression, and this period must man-made irrigation.If but long-term waterflooding, can cause soil severe depletion of oxygen, reproducibility strengthens day by day, and the ferrous ion in reduction zone is oxidized to Fe
2o
3h
2o, condenses into gel-like film and covers root table face, and make root form yellowish-brown or bronzing, although this has absorbing capacity, absorbing capacity weakens greatly.If reproducibility is excessively strong in soil, a large amount of H in reduction zone
2s will with the Fe (OH) being attached to root table
3being combined to FeS is attached to outside root, and form black root, the FeS of black can invade root cells, and rice root will by H
2s seriously poisons and becomes grey root and rot, and causes the rice root dead plant lodging underproduction.
Adopt direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, owing to infrequently setting up water layer, soil permeability is good, is conducive to paddy rice root of hair, and root is dark, root branch is many, then root hair is raw also many, and root is fresh white, has powerful suction fertilizer, water absorbing capacity.Scientific experiment and production practices confirm, paddy rice often keeps water layer, or water layer is excessively dark, and paddy rice eats not high.Therefore, in direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation, energetically xanthorrhiza is saved one's life white, and black root is sick, and the saying that grey root is killed is justified.The paddy rice of setting up water layer is xanthorrhiza, and the paddy rice of direct-sowing dry is white.In direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation, higher output be obtained, growing of root must be paid attention to.Strong root could strengthen seedling, and strong seedling ability fringe is large, and fringe is large could high yield.Should note, with water regulating the qi flowing in the channels, supporting root with gas, with Gen Baoye, protect with leaf and produce.So, in direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation, not being often keep water layer all right, is not more that water layer is more dark better, water layer is excessively dark, except impact is tillered, unfavorable to paddy rice root of hair, water saving kind of rice should be advocated energetically, set up except water layer except in paddy rice critical period of water need, other period can not set up water layer, has so namely saved with water, has again reduced kind of a rice cost.
6, the ground temperature in well irrigation field is improved
The field of direct-sowing dry, except plant critical period of water need artificial recharge, each growing stage all grows under without open fire condition, the amount of the low temperature cold water irrigated is little, in addition, the good ground temperature of permeability of soil is just high, and the plot unlike well waterflooding has the obvious mouth of a river to have a shortfall in output appearance.
Adopt technique can economize on water 2/3rds, saving of labor 4/5ths, save seed rice 2/5ths, save chemical fertilizer 1/4th.Because front 4 leaf phases and each growing stage except critical period of water need all grow under dry farming, in this breeding of redox of soil environmental benefits in microorganism formed and the release of nutrient.Soil leads to oxygen might as well, root system development is all right, root is white, root amount is large, and root hair is many, same leaf age hundred seedling dry matter weight, pythium rot is not had with water direct seeding ratio, bar is short, and bar is slightly resistant to lodging, educate with drought transplant than there is no damping off, bacterial wilt, bakanae disease, seedlings of cereal crops stalwartness, do not hinder root, process of not turning green, the harm that do not have the harm of broad leaved weed, also do not have Liriomyza.
7, in direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, adopting mechanical forced snow melt to be in order to loose moisture in the soil, strive for that early spring is sowed, forcing hack to be that soil moisture conservation is kept a full stand of seedings in order to limit sowing depth; The pressure increasing packer is adopted to be in order to Miao Qimiao strengthens; Wide-and narrow-row drilling is adopted to be the needs ensureing that individual plants is grown, the needs of Ye Shi colony dense planting, especially the needs bombarding side deep fertilizing; Adopt big-powered tractor, advanced matched farm tool significantly improves the labour intensity of the producer, makes this technology more humane.The combination of agricultural machinery agronomy can realize exchanging larger economic benefit for by minimum cost, and method of the present invention is especially applicable to village co op's intensive management.
Embodiment
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method of the present invention, actual conditions and the step of the method are as follows:
1, plot is selected
Direct sowing on dry paddy field requires that drainage condition is good, and irrigate in time, do not seep water, pH value is no more than 7.5, and salt content is no more than white muddy soil, black earth and the soddy soil of 0.3%, and preferred white muddy soil and black earth, most preferably be black earth, abstains from low-lying land and sandy soil most.
2, Fruit variety
The condition of rice varieties demand fulfillment is: (1) strong drought resistance is in conventional rice kind, (2) meiosis stage, resistance to less than 17 DEG C low temperature abilities were strong, (3) under drought condition, fast, disease-resistant, the pest-resistant lodging tolerance of growing way is strong, and (4) good grain quality, palatability, milled rice rate are high.
Seed is lived special production material, and be the carrier of science and technology, be the internal cause of agricultural production and income, rice makes the kind that first production link will choose applicable local growing environment.Needed for direct sowing on dry paddy field, kind is different from conventional variety, and rice varieties mainly selects no loadtransformer, cultivates 6, northern rice 3, Jin He No. 1, dragon celebrating rice 3, the kinds such as imperial round-grained rice 21,31,37,39,41.
3, drought wholely
The quality of site preparation quality, directly affect growing of emergence rate and seedling, spring flood is afraid of exactly in the weakness that Sanjiang Plain Region direct sowing on dry paddy field is maximum, for the flood time in spring, to be adopt mechanical forced snow melt per beginning of the year at the beginning of 3 months, minimumly can shift to an earlier date snow melting in 10 days, utilize the favo(u)rable weather loose moisture in the soil early that early spring breeze great rainfall is few, direct sowing on dry paddy field is the same with planting millet, be not afraid of drought, just be afraid of flood, therefore, firmly can not wet wholely, wet whole ground can not save seedling from damage, namely used seedling, also length is not only yellow but also thin, and output then can decrease.
For the old paddy soil of sticky weight, even if having passed through the autumn also have the dead OK a karaoke club that rotovator trys in vain to break to pieces wholely, the success or failure of hack are directly connected to the success or not of direct-sowing dry, only turn in the autumn on the basis of autumn rotary tillage, in old rice field, adopt spring Hulin to produce dynamic hammer rice field pulverizer wholely, could sow when making top layer soil block maximum gauge must not be greater than 3 centimetres
4, dry sowing kind
Be the best period of sowing when being generally stabilized in 8 DEG C with the ground temperature of underground 5 centimeters, generally started April 25, May 15 end of day;
Rice paddy seed with the water soaking 3 ~ 5 days of 10 DEG C, and with the clever disinfection of seed soaking, before sowing, carries out airing 3 ~ 4 days, carries out pelletized after cutting lateral root again after airing after vernalization, do the drought-resistant ability and the native ability of arch that can improve seed like this;
The plough of sower is adjusted to wide-and narrow-row, is also large-ridge double-row, and wide line width is 45 centimetres, and narrow row width is 20 centimetres;
The HZB-2 type Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field sowing adopting Hulin machinery plant in the Double Ninth Festival to produce, seeding quantity is 90 ~ 100 kilograms/hectare, and sowing depth is strict controlled in 1 ~ 2 cm layer of soil; Said HZB-2 type Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field imitated the U.S. four directions technology in profiling and depth stop device, matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture really realizes the effect of saving seedling from damage;
Will suppress in time after broadcasting, be used for increasing the weight of to the packer of direct-sowing dry suppression, it is similar that pressure and people step on grid, and object is intended to realize the neat seedling of seedling and strengthens, and tractor is rigorous high-speed job in suppression process, low grade to go slowly.
5, nutrition is given enough, the rational application of fertilizer
Nutrition is given enough in whole growing process, instead of survey soil formula, while sowing, per hectare effective dose be 50% sustained-release and controlled release be rich in trace element NPK Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 360 kilograms, diammonium phosphate or MAP 75 kilograms, 18 kilograms, granular biological bacterial manure, disposable deep placement is in rice paddy seed side-lower 6 ~ 10 centimeters, and paddy rice does not refertilize whole breeding time.
In the present invention, above-mentioned direct-sowing dry fertilizing method is referred to as one and bombards side deep fertilizing, this direct-sowing dry fertilizing method is disposable, fertilising is completed by machinery and sowing simultaneously, centre does not relate to changes fertile problem, for this reason, the present invention proposes the theory mode that one " gives enough nutrition ", that is: the phosphorus except nitrogenous fertilizer, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, molybdenum, silicon, chlorine, no matter soil lacks quantity, all will supply, particularly siliceous fertilizer, paddy rice being in great demand to silicon, the title that paddy rice has " silicic plant ".The very heavy above paddy of per mu yield, need absorb the silicon of 85 ~ 100 kilograms, after Deficiency Xn Rice Plants silicon, show not resistance to nitrogenous fertilizer from soil according to surveying and determination, and not resistant to lodging, quality declines, and output obviously reduces.
The consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer can not surpass, and reaches medium Fertilization Level whole breeding time just passable, and later stage fertilizer deficiency regulates by bio-bacterial manure and foliage spray.
6, four leaf phases poured water
Rice seedlings is rigorous before four leaves pours water, rice seedlings is when four one heart stages of leaf, for the initial period of suitable irrigation, now can start to irrigate, can not do sth. in advance, because the drought-resistant ability before rice seedlings four leaf is poor unlike any one crops, be obstructed if root of pouring water before four leaf phases leads to oxygen, will the significantly underproduction;
When rice seedlings enters meiosis stage, closely watch weather forecast, if nighttime temperature has the weather lower than 17 DEG C, need to set up profundal zone in advance and protect tire, reduce empty flat grain amount.
7, chemical weed control
It is slightly different that weeds kind and the water direct seeding under flooding condition, the drought of direct sowing on dry paddy field educate rice transplanting, grass family also has the annual perennial weed such as moleplant seed, Ma Tang except barnyard grass, broad leaved weed is Bidens bipinnata, extensive dish mainly, and also there is rice galingale herb in moisture foot low humidity plot.The aquatic weed such as wild arrowhead, rhizoma alismatis, Overwater-floating early stage can not germinating growth very little to the harm of paddy rice.Control crop smothering and particularly control the key measure that grassy weed is also direct-sowing dry, as prevented and kill off not in time, will farmland running to weeds be formed thus cause the paddy rice significantly underproduction.
(1) sow (before May 1) early spring, when rice seedlings has extremely indivedual being unearthed, per hectare 3000 milliliters of glyphosate mechanical spray medicines, life of being gone out by annual and perennial weeds out in early stage, creates favorable conditions for the large grass of later seedling is little;
(2) in rice seedlings one leaf one heart stage, no matter whether weeds all sprout, per hectare with 20% Stam F-34 missible oil 15 kilograms, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine, or, per hectare cyanogen Buddhist grass 1200 milliliters, fat, outstanding 300 milliliters of rice, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine.
8, the control of damage by disease and insect
Direct-sowing dry paddy field does not have the harm of Liriomyza, but mythimna separata can occur, and larval phase starts hazard rice seedling in mid-June, to observe in time, find early, go and buy Chinese medicine in time, eliminated before 3 ages by insect, concrete per hectare adopts 1500 milliliters, dichlorvos to convert 800 times of water, mechanical spray medicine.
9, the preventing and kill off of rice blast
Before Rice Heading, adopt to take and oppose steady+Prochloraz boatization, or adopt gasoline engine trombone slide dense fog to add big yield spraying with the wind.
Embodiment 1
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method, condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, drought are wholely
Adopt per beginning of the year mechanical forced snow melt to fall apart moisture in the soil, before sowing, adopt that rice field pulverizer is high turns hack wholely, make top layer soil block maximum gauge be 2 centimetres;
Step 2, dry sowing kind and bombard side deep fertilizing
(1) be sowing time when the ground temperature of selectively lower 5 centimeters is stabilized in 8 DEG C,
(2) rice paddy seed is with the water soaking 3 days of 10 DEG C after airing, then with seed soaking spirit sterilization, airing 4 days after vernalization, carries out pelletized again after cutting lateral root,
(3) adopt wide-narrow row close planting, wide line width is 45 centimetres, and narrow row width is 20 centimetres,
(4) adopt Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field sowing, seeding quantity is 90 kilograms/hectare, and sowing depth controls in 2 cm layer of soil,
(5) in whole growing process, nutrition is given enough, instead of survey soil formula, while sowing, per hectare effective dose be 50% sustained-release and controlled release be rich in trace element NPK Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 360 kilograms, diammonium phosphate or MAP 75 kilograms, 18 kilograms, granular biological bacterial manure, disposable deep placement is in rice paddy seed side-lower 6 centimeters, and the whole process growing into maturation of rice paddy seed does not refertilize;
(6) adopt packer suppression in time after sowing and fertilising, low grade is gone slowly;
Step 3, four leaf phases pour water
Rice seedlings, when four one heart stages of leaf, starts to irrigate, and at three critical period of water need artificial recharges;
When rice seedlings enters meiosis stage, when nighttime temperature is lower than 17 DEG C, sets up profundal zone in advance and protect tire, reduce empty flat grain;
Step 4, chemical weed control
(1) rice seedlings have be unearthed extremely individually time, per hectare 3000 milliliters of glyphosate mechanical spray medicines, life that in earlier stage annual and perennial weeds are out gone out,
(2) when one heart stage of rice seedlings one leaf, per hectare with 20% Stam F-34 missible oil 15 kilograms, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine, or, per hectare cyanogen Buddhist grass 1200 milliliters, fat, outstanding 300 milliliters of rice, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine;
The control of step 5, damage by disease and insect
800 times of water converted by 1500 milliliters, per hectare dichlorvos, mechanical spray medicine;
Preventing and kill off of step 6, rice blast
Before Rice Heading, spray with taking the steady and Prochloraz boatization of enemy or adding big yield with the wind with gasoline engine trombone slide dense fog.
Embodiment 2
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method, condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, drought are wholely
Adopt per beginning of the year mechanical forced snow melt to fall apart moisture in the soil, before sowing, adopt that rice field pulverizer is high turns hack wholely, make top layer soil block maximum gauge be 1.5 centimetres;
Step 2, dry sowing kind and bombard side deep fertilizing
(1) be sowing time when the ground temperature of selectively lower 5 centimeters is stabilized in 8 DEG C,
(2) rice paddy seed is with the water soaking 4 days of 10 DEG C after airing, then with seed soaking spirit sterilization, airing 3 days after vernalization, carries out pelletized again after cutting lateral root,
(3) adopt wide-narrow row close planting, wide line width is 45 centimetres, and narrow row width is 20 centimetres,
(4) adopt Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field sowing, seeding quantity 100 kilograms/hectare, sowing depth controls in 1 cm layer of soil,
(5) in whole growing process, nutrition is given enough, instead of survey soil formula, while sowing, per hectare effective dose be 50% sustained-release and controlled release be rich in trace element NPK Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 360 kilograms, diammonium phosphate or MAP 75 kilograms, 18 kilograms, granular biological bacterial manure, disposable deep placement is in rice paddy seed side-lower 8 centimeters, and the whole process growing into maturation of rice paddy seed does not refertilize;
(6) adopt packer suppression in time after sowing and fertilising, low grade is gone slowly;
Step 3, four leaf phases pour water
Rice seedlings, when four one heart stages of leaf, starts to irrigate, and at three critical period of water need artificial recharges;
When rice seedlings enters meiosis stage, when nighttime temperature is lower than 17 DEG C, sets up profundal zone in advance and protect tire, reduce empty flat grain;
Step 4, chemical weed control
(1) rice seedlings have be unearthed extremely individually time, per hectare 3000 milliliters of glyphosate mechanical spray medicines, life that in earlier stage annual and perennial weeds are out gone out,
(2) when one heart stage of rice seedlings one leaf, per hectare with 20% Stam F-34 missible oil 15 kilograms, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine, or, per hectare cyanogen Buddhist grass 1200 milliliters, fat, outstanding 300 milliliters of rice, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine;
The control of step 5, damage by disease and insect
800 times of water converted by 1500 milliliters, per hectare dichlorvos, mechanical spray medicine;
Preventing and kill off of step 6, rice blast
Before Rice Heading, spray with taking the steady and Prochloraz boatization of enemy or adding big yield with the wind with gasoline engine trombone slide dense fog.
Embodiment 3
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method, condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, drought are wholely
Adopt per beginning of the year mechanical forced snow melt to fall apart moisture in the soil, before sowing, adopt that rice field pulverizer is high turns hack wholely, make top layer soil block maximum gauge be 1.5 centimetres;
Step 2, dry sowing kind and bombard side deep fertilizing
(1) be sowing time when the ground temperature of selectively lower 5 centimeters is stabilized in 8 DEG C,
(2) rice paddy seed is with the water soaking 5 days of 10 DEG C after airing, then with seed soaking spirit sterilization, airing 4 days after vernalization, carries out pelletized again after cutting lateral root,
(3) adopt wide-narrow row close planting, wide line width is 45 centimetres, and narrow row width is 20 centimetres,
(4) adopt Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field sowing, seeding quantity is 95 kilograms/hectare, and sowing depth controls in 1.5 cm layer of soil,
(5) in whole growing process, nutrition is given enough, instead of survey soil formula, while sowing, per hectare effective dose be 50% sustained-release and controlled release be rich in trace element NPK Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 360 kilograms, diammonium phosphate or MAP 75 kilograms, 18 kilograms, granular biological bacterial manure, disposable deep placement is in rice paddy seed side-lower 10 centimeters, and the whole process growing into maturation of rice paddy seed does not refertilize;
(6) adopt packer suppression in time after sowing and fertilising, low grade is gone slowly;
Step 3, four leaf phases pour water
Rice seedlings, when four one heart stages of leaf, starts to irrigate, and at three critical period of water need artificial recharges;
When rice seedlings enters meiosis stage, when nighttime temperature is lower than 17 DEG C, sets up profundal zone in advance and protect tire, reduce empty flat grain;
Step 4, chemical weed control
(1) rice seedlings have be unearthed extremely individually time, per hectare 3000 milliliters of glyphosate mechanical spray medicines, life that in earlier stage annual and perennial weeds are out gone out,
(2) when one heart stage of rice seedlings one leaf, per hectare with 20% Stam F-34 missible oil 15 kilograms, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine, or, per hectare cyanogen Buddhist grass 1200 milliliters, fat, outstanding 300 milliliters of rice, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine;
The control of step 5, damage by disease and insect
800 times of water converted by 1500 milliliters, per hectare dichlorvos, mechanical spray medicine;
Preventing and kill off of step 6, rice blast
Before Rice Heading, spray with taking the steady and Prochloraz boatization of enemy or adding big yield with the wind with gasoline engine trombone slide dense fog.
Claims (4)
1. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method, is characterized in that, condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, drought are wholely
In old rice field, adopt per beginning of the year mechanical forced snow melt to fall apart moisture in the soil, before sowing, adopt that rice field pulverizer is high turns hack wholely, make top layer soil block maximum gauge be not more than 3 centimetres;
Step 2, dry sowing kind and bombard side deep fertilizing
(1) be sowing time when the ground temperature of selectively lower 5 centimeters is stabilized in 8 DEG C,
(2) rice paddy seed is with the water soaking 3 ~ 5 days of 10 DEG C after airing, then with seed soaking spirit sterilization, airing 3 ~ 4 days after vernalization, carries out pelletized again after cutting lateral root,
(3) adopt wide-narrow row close planting, wide line width is 45 centimetres, and narrow row width is 20 centimetres,
(4) adopt Machine for directly sowing rice on dry field sowing, seeding quantity is 90 ~ 100 kilograms/hectare, and sowing depth controls in 1 ~ 2 cm layer of soil,
(5) in whole growing process, nutrition is given enough, instead of survey soil formula, while sowing, per hectare effective dose be 50% sustained-release and controlled release be rich in trace element NPK Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 360 kilograms, diammonium phosphate or MAP 75 kilograms, 18 kilograms, granular biological bacterial manure, disposable deep placement is in rice paddy seed side-lower 6 ~ 10 centimeters, and paddy rice does not refertilize whole breeding time;
(6) adopt packer suppression in time after sowing and fertilising, low grade is gone slowly;
Step 3, four leaf phases pour water
Rice seedlings, when four one heart stages of leaf, starts to irrigate, and at three critical period of water need artificial recharges;
When rice seedlings enters meiosis stage, when nighttime temperature is lower than 17 DEG C, sets up profundal zone in advance and protect tire, reduce empty flat grain;
Step 4, chemical weed control
(1) rice seedlings have be unearthed extremely individually time, per hectare 3000 milliliters of glyphosate mechanical spray medicines, life that in earlier stage annual and perennial weeds are out gone out,
(2) when one heart stage of rice seedlings one leaf, per hectare with 20% Stam F-34 missible oil 15 kilograms, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine, or, per hectare cyanogen Buddhist grass ester 1200 milliliters, outstanding 300 milliliters of rice, pyrazosulfuron 225 grams and bentazone 750 milliliters, mechanical spray medicine;
The control of step 5, damage by disease and insect
800 times of water converted by 1500 milliliters, per hectare dichlorvos, mechanical spray medicine;
Preventing and kill off of step 6, rice blast
Before Rice Heading, spray with taking the steady and Prochloraz boatization of enemy or adding big yield with the wind with gasoline engine trombone slide dense fog.
2. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of before carry out step one:
The selection in plot: select that pH value is no more than 7.5, salt content be no more than 0.3% white muddy soil, black earth or turfy soil.
3. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of before carrying out step 2:
The selection of rice varieties: the condition of rice varieties demand fulfillment is that (1) strong drought resistance is in conventional rice kind, (2) meiosis stage, resistance to less than 17 DEG C low temperature abilities were strong, (3) under drought condition, fast, disease-resistant, the pest-resistant lodging tolerance of growing way is strong, and (4) good grain quality, palatability, milled rice rate are high.
4. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2 (4), described seeding quantity is 90 kilograms/hectare.
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| RU2817721C1 (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2024-04-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П.А. Костычева" (ФГБОУ ВО РГАТУ) | Method of growing oil flax |
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