CN101766107A - Technology for direct seeding, drought resisting and water saving cultivation of rice on dry land by completely utilizing natural rainfall - Google Patents
Technology for direct seeding, drought resisting and water saving cultivation of rice on dry land by completely utilizing natural rainfall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101766107A CN101766107A CN200910310949A CN200910310949A CN101766107A CN 101766107 A CN101766107 A CN 101766107A CN 200910310949 A CN200910310949 A CN 200910310949A CN 200910310949 A CN200910310949 A CN 200910310949A CN 101766107 A CN101766107 A CN 101766107A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- rice
- days
- sowing
- drought
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000665051 Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000008892 Cnaphalocrocis patnalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000176086 Sogatella furcifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019082 Osmanthus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000333181 Osmanthus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021217 seedling development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020097 white wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A technology for directly sowing the paddy rice in dry field, resisting drought and saving water features that the growing period of paddy rice is regulated according to the water requirement of each growing stage and the statistical data about the historical meteorological data about the natural rainfall rule in each local ten days, so matching the growing stages with the natural rainfall in each local ten days. The cultivation technology changes the traditional rice cultivation mode, does not need seed soaking, seedling raising and transplanting, does not need watering and raking, can complete one-season rice production only by natural rainfall, can directly carry out dry direct seeding production of rice in dry farmland and non-dry farmland, saves irrigation water, reduces the cost of seedling trays, transplanting, drought-resistant water pumping and raking, saves labor and cost, saves cost and income, is beneficial to realizing grain yield increase, farmer income increase and agricultural efficiency increase, and realizes resource saving, energy saving and consumption reduction.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of arviculture technology, particularly a kind of drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique that utilizes natural precipitation to carry out direct sowing on dry paddy field fully.
[background technology]
China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural water accounts for 80% of total water amount, and paddy rice is the crop of water consumption maximum, accounts for more than 45% of national water total amount.Traditional rice cropping all needs a large amount of water to irrigate from seedling to transplanting, in case lack of water then influence rice yield, even can't cultivate.In recent years global warming, it is unusual to cause Changes in weather, drought and water shortage is said seriously, the whole nation in 2007 takes place on a large scale, zonal arid, in recent years national area suffered from drought surpasses more than 200,000,000 mu, according to analysis expert, account for 60% of various agriculture lose from natural calamity grains because of arid loss grain every year.According to 2001～2005 years statistics bureau's annual statistics in Liujiang County, Guangxi, the dry land area has 100,000 mu approximately, accounts in late March, 30%, 2001～2007 to the spring sowing of mid-April in about of paddy field area and sows the phase in spring, occur connecting drought continuous 7 year spring and autumn, part water tail field, high-order field are to the dry land differentiation.Also there is similar situation in area and full Guangxi and adjacent province in the whole osmanthus.Drought and water shortage, serious threat has been to grain-production safety, according to the national water resources development plan, to the year two thousand thirty the irrigation water quantity delivered will keep zero growth rate substantially, agricultural water contradiction will be more outstanding.Therefore, farmland water-saving becomes a strategic measure that promotes national agricultural sustainable development, lack between twenty and fifty labour in rural and agricultural production at present especially, the agricultural production crowd presents low age and aging, agricultural production and manpower shortage particularly thorny, therefore very need a kind ofly not only to have economized on water, but also the portable culture technique that saves labor, to guarantee the safety of grain-production.Publication number is that the patent of invention " the paddy rice resisting drought saving water carries culture method " of CN1545851 is taked technical measures such as " cultivating seedlings in dry land, paddy rice drought are planted, water-saving irrigation ", compares with common cultivation method, and output has improved 10.7%, water saving 50%.But this technology just part is utilized natural precipitation, still needs a large amount of irrigation water; This cultivation method still need be transplanted in addition, and it is consuming time not only to take a lot of work, and unfavorable to seedling development.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of natural precipitation that utilizes fully and carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, adopt this technical scheme need not transplant, be seeded into certainly harvesting, and be highly resistant to summer drought, stabilization of rice production, maintenance grain security all without irrigation water, not only can effectively solve the anhydrous problem that harrows a field, can't sow rice transplanting of spring drought.
Address the above problem technical scheme be: a kind of natural precipitation that utilizes fully carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, be need water according to each growth and development stage of paddy rice require and local at different levels ten days the natural precipitation rule historical meteorological data statistical data, adjust the breeding time of paddy rice, each growth and development stage and the natural precipitation rule in local each ten days of paddy rice are matched, and cooperate and to take corresponding comprehensive technical measure, reach the purpose of resisting drought saving water, stable volume increase;
Its method of adjustment comprises:
1), seed selection: select high yield and high quality to tiller and regeneration capacity is strong, better resistance, comparison ripe seed rice late, calculate its time of infertility and vegetative growth phase;
2), determine sowing time: according to locality spring sowing stage climatic characteristic, in conjunction with the soil drought situation, according to the time of infertility of selected seed rice, broadcast absorbent time and the rudiment seedling-growing time that needs in the soil to add seed its vegetative growth phase, with paddy rice booting stage and local field being arranged the time of water layer is benchmark, at the exact date of retrodicting and determine sowing in spring, guarantee that each stage of rice growth to the coordination that matches of the demand of water and local ten days natural precipitation rule at different levels, is rationally utilized water resource;
Its comprehensive technical measure comprises:
1), the whole ground of drought: the field piece plough solarization of carrying out direct-sowing dry is passed the winter, under weathering and dry ground effect, soil block is broken easily, after full field weeding, sowing carried out ploughing for 2～3 times and harrows in preceding 7～10 days, stir soil, make it form good granular structure and micelle kernel structure, make it increase hole, extended volume, a large amount of capillary pores of generation and non capillary pores, favourable formation soil capillary water, accumulation moisture, in conjunction with crop straw also field or every mu execute 1500～2000 kilograms of farmyard manures, take the measure of heavy dressing base manure in addition at seeding time;
2), original sowing: original sowing is the method for direct dry sowing, promptly without presoaking and germinating, do not need special rice seedling bed, need not put the rice seedling bed in order, pouring water harrows a field, not needing seedling to manage and pull seedling transplants or throws and plant, to directly broadcast in the soil that finishes without the seed of presoaking and germinating wholely, and make full use of natural precipitation and carry out Rice Production; According to the sowing time of calculating, between ten days, precipitation was less than 10 millimeters March, carry out original sowing, the soil after repeatedly ploughing rake is started, rice paddy seed is directly broadcast the soil of putting in order ground through drought, machinery or artificial lid kind are emerged the seed left and right sides rudiment in about 15 days that absorbs water in the soil of arid;
3), the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot: on ten days, precipitation was less than 30 millimeters April, carry out soil accumulation moisture and the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot the middle ten days: the rudiment topped crop straw in back of emerging, reduce blade face transpiration and evaporation from land surface, it is long that rice shoot is carried out drought, helps the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot;
4), short tillering: take the short measure of tillering the end of month late April to 5 of 30～50 millimeters, 50～100 millimeters of precipitation in ten days: by sowing mid-March, seed in soil, absorb water, to the end of drought length, front and back need about 35 days approximately, promptly enter late April, the direct-sowing dry paddy rice enters tillering stage, and form independent root system, can be how much according to each precipitation size and rainfall, catch the chance of raining to enrich nitrogen, potassium quick-acting fertilizer in a small amount of mode repeatedly, increase axial root system and secondary root quantity, enlarge absorption area, ensure that the liquid manure in tillering stage is in liberal supply; Simultaneously seedling is sprayed paclobutrazol, with 800～1000 times of concentration, a leaf wholeheartedly, one heart stage of two leaves respectively sprays paclobutrazol once, suppresses main seedling growth, promote to tiller;
5), enrich young ear manuer: on June, the middle ten days direct-sowing dry paddy rice enter paddy rice booting stage, paddy rice booting stage is critical period of water requirement, the most responsive to water supply, on June, ten days in the middle ten days precipitation be 50～100,100～150 millimeters, water supply is enough, avoids occurring degeneration of grain husk flower and grain husk and spends unreal phenomenon; Fringe differentiation this moment enters grain husk and spends the idiophase, can change according to the leaf look to enrich young ear manuer-nitrogenous fertilizer, increases the favourable photosynthesis of chlorophyll, increases ripening rate;
6), the edge of a field digs water tank water storage, granules application fertilizer in proportion: mid-June to mid-July, ten days, precipitation was more than 100～150 millimeters, rainfall is plentiful, paddy rice is in big tire heading stage, just in time need sufficient moisture, take simultaneously to dig the water tank water storage, irrigate, guarantee that paddy rice is at the big tire water supply at heading stage in order to water is arranged when occurring arid again at the edge of a field; Extract three/for the moment out at sword-like leave, can be according to ratio granules application fertilizer;
7), strengthen drainning off floodwaters, prevent and treat germ: when flood appears in mid-June to mid-July, be ten days precipitation be more than 150～200 millimeters, this moment direct-sowing dry the seedlings of cereal crops jointing grows tall, cane is thick and stiff, can resist certain flood, cooperation is taked to dredge the drain ditch, is increased the facility that drains off floodwaters, on one side water is salvaged unrestrained slag when moving back, Yi Bian wash blade face mud in addition, water is stepped back and is in time enriched quick-acting nitrogen, potassic fertilizer and spray control germ medicament, improves the plant resistivity and prevents the germ generation.
Its further technical scheme is: Zhejiang is excellent No. 1 in the super hybridization rice that the selection high yield and high quality is tillered and regeneration capacity is strong and better resistance is ripe relatively late, No. 1 combination of the excellent boat of II, start drilling for 30 centimetres according to line-spacing, the every mu of amount of broadcasting is 1.25～1.5 kilograms, broadcast thick 2 centimetres of back blinding, and cooperate take to broadcast before and before the bud, weeding measure behind the bud, comprise " one kills; two go out; three manual removals ": broadcast the weed killer herbicide that adopted the natural disposition of going out in preceding 20 days and be 1000 milliliters of glyphosates and add 50 milliliters of paraquats and convert 60 kilograms in water and carry out full field and spray, broadcast back 3～5 days and convert 60 kilograms of full fields spraying sealings of water with 150 milliliters of butachlors, carry out the preceding weeding of bud, four leaf phases with preceding twice weeding dead a small amount of weeds restrain with strange 200 grams or live star 50 convert 60 kilograms of sprayings of water carry out bud again after weeding, there is water layer to spread pesticide-clay mixture in conjunction with the mixed fertilizer that topdresses, still there is a small amount of weeding not dead, availablely manually pulls out.
Its further technical scheme be: implementing comprehensive technical measure 1), 4), 5), 6) and 7) each stage blend proportion and method of applying fertilizer be: 30 kilograms in every mu of total fertilization amount urea, 23 kilograms in potassium chloride, 45 kilograms of (P of phosphate fertilizer
2O
515%) nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer active ingredient are by 1; 0.5: 1 carries out reasonably combinedly, and in base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the granulated fertilizer ratio is 3: 4: 2: 1 uses respectively, and fertilizing method is a base manure with composite fertilizer (N15P
2O
515k
2O15) 25 kilograms, the phosphate fertilizer quantity not sufficient is supplied with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and is done that base manure is disposable to be executed down, remaining nitrogen, potassic fertilizer, then look weather rainfall size rainfall what, adopt on a small quantity repeatedly mode, catch the ratio in spite of the rain fertilising of chance of raining in each period.
Owing to taked above technical scheme, the present invention's the natural precipitation that utilizes fully carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, has following good society and ecological effect:
1, the present invention's utilizes natural precipitation to carry out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique to help the Rice Production mode and upgrade, alleviate the nervous situation of agricultural and people and animals' domestic water, keep the Rice Production area stable, the assurance grain security fully.
Traditional rice cropping mode will be planted through seed soaking, seedling, transplanting rice transplanting or throwing, must cultivate in the paddy field, and the rice seedling bed of cultivation seedling and land for growing field crops all need be irrigated large quantity of moisture and plough rake, and want the special messenger to see water.Adopt the present invention's the natural precipitation that utilizes fully to carry out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, all do not need irrigation water from seedling to harvesting, only with natural precipitation can finish one season Rice Production, not only reduce taking to water resource, increase reservoir collection rainfall, regulate the water in season sooner or later, reduce the low value risk of reservoir poultry water, fundamentally alleviate agricultural and people and animals and domestic water contradiction, alleviate human livestock drinking water hard case, and owing to do not need presoaking and germinating, seed germination is long root earlier, and the seedling drought is long, thereby can directly carry out direct sowing on dry paddy field production in dry land, make the not high dry land of some yield levels, water tail field, the high-order field and can not the field piece kind of rice cultivation on paddy rice, the production area that guarantees paddy rice is stable, guarantees that total grain output is stable, guarantees grain security.
The present invention utilize natural precipitation to carry out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique fully to take original sowing be a kind of reform of seedling raising method, help promoting the drought-hit area direct sowing on dry paddy field level of production, realize increases in grain production, increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency.
Original sowing is the method for direct dry sowing, promptly without presoaking and germinating, do not need special rice seedling bed, need not put the rice seedling bed in order, pouring water harrows a field, not needing seedling to manage and pull seedling transplants or throws and plant, to directly broadcast in the soil that finishes without the seed of presoaking and germinating wholely, make full use of natural precipitation and carry out Rice Production, both saved irrigation water, reduce again the seedling travelling expenses with, transplant labour cost and the drought resisting expense such as harrow a field of drawing water, save labor, cutting down expenditures and increasing income, realize increases in grain production, increasing peasant income and growth of agricultural efficiency.The present invention improves output 10.1% than conventional cultivation, saves 406～449 cubic metres of irrigation waters, the highest 550 cubic metres for every mu, 9～12 liters of every mu of saves energy 30～40 degree electricity or diesel oil.
3. helping alleviating river eutrophication, methane, carbon dioxide discharging and agricultural chemicals flows to the pollution of environment with water.
Adopt the present invention's the natural precipitation that utilizes fully to carry out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, because the waterflooding time is short, various organic matters decompose the carbonic acid gas, the Methane Emission that discharge to be reduced, reduced agricultural chemicals that insect pests uses and fertilising with the meeting of current motivation, alleviated the pollution of eutrophication and agricultural chemicals waters water resource and air ambient.
Be described further below in conjunction with the technical characterictic that utilizes natural precipitation to carry out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique fully of embodiment the present invention.
[embodiment]
The present invention's the natural precipitation that utilizes fully carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, in Liujiang County, Guangxi condition not so good Chuan Shan town and hundred friend town enforcements.
In southern various places, ten days at different levels, precipitation to the universal law of crops influence was: in crop mainly grows season, crops need the water key period often to be within a certain ten days or number ten days, ten days precipitation and the relations of growing of crops show closelyr, promptly ten days precipitation what are most important to crop growthing development.In ten days precipitation: be less than 10 millimeters, the farmland lack of water is more serious; Be less than 30 millimeters, the water deficiency; 30～50 millimeters, can satisfy the need water requirement of crops, 100～150 millimeters, excessive rainfall; Surpass 150 millimeters, flood can occur.
Historical meteorological data statistical data according to Liujiang County natural precipitation rule, go up annual June, be intensive peak period of rainfall the middle ten days, the field water layer can keep about 30～40 days, 90% the moon in time rainfall more than 130 millimeters, 70% time monthly total precipitation surpasses 200 millimeters, the excessive rainfall that seems of most times.
From being seeded into the law of needing the water of each growth and development stage of ripe and harvested, it needs the key period of water is booting stage according to paddy rice, must guarantee the enough moisture supply, and the booting stage of therefore adjusting paddy rice and rainwater are gone up more June, match the middle ten days is key.
Excellent No. 1 of Zhejiang, No. 1 combination of the excellent boat of II in the super hybridization rice that the seed rice that present embodiment is selected is that high yield and high quality is tillered and regeneration capacity is strong, better resistance, comparison are late ripe, be 140 days the time of infertility of these two combinations, wherein be about 80 days vegetative growth phase, to add that seed absorbent time, rudiment in drought status soil emerged about about 15 days vegetative growth phase, amount to and be about to enter booting stage in about 95 days.So be the boundary, the middle ten days last with June, retrodict 95 days definite sowing time be at the beginning of mid-March about, so just can guarantee that seed absorbs water in the soil of drought status emerges for 3 the end of month, to June go up, the middle ten days enters booting stage and rainwater is more multi-period matches, guarantee that paddy rice has enough water supplies, nourishes and grows and is satisfied.
Cooperate the comprehensive technical measure of taking to comprise:
1), the whole ground of drought: the field piece plough solarization of carrying out direct-sowing dry is passed the winter, under weathering and dry ground effect, soil block is broken easily, after full field weeding, sowing carried out ploughing for 2～3 times and harrows in preceding 7～10 days, stir soil, make it form good granular structure and micelle kernel structure, make it increase hole, extended volume, a large amount of capillary pores of generation and non capillary pores, favourable formation soil capillary water, accumulation moisture, in conjunction with crop straw also field or every mu execute 1500～2000 kilograms of farmyard manures, other takes the measure of heavy dressing base manure;
Drought is to carry out repeatedly ploughing rake under drought status wholely, can not change soil physical property, make soil form good granular structure and micelle kernel structure, can produce a large amount of capillary pores and non capillary pores, after guaranteeing that soil is soaked and falling to doing, countless soil isolated islands, lowering of watertable, growth water delivery distance, tear fracture root system are not chapped in the soil contraction.After soil was ploughed rake, soil structure was damaged, and cut off moisture and carried capillary, and moisture retention behind the formation soil aggregate, has increased the grogs surface area in soil, be subjected to the tension force effect, and soil water moisture self restraint ability strengthens.In addition, interpenetrate between grogs, keep water balance.Therefore, face of land arid evaporation water loss can form moisture regain by interpenetrating of soil, keeps water balance, supplies with root water uptake.
2), original sowing: original sowing is the method for direct dry sowing, promptly without presoaking and germinating, do not need special rice seedling bed, need not put the rice seedling bed in order, pouring water harrows a field, do not need seedling to manage and pull seedling and transplant or throw and plant, will directly broadcast in the soil that finishes wholely without the seed of presoaking and germinating.At the beginning of ten days, precipitation was less than 10 millimeters mid-March, soil after repeatedly ploughing rake is started, to directly broadcast in the soil that finishes without the seed of presoaking and germinating, machinery or artificial lid kind are emerged the seed left and right sides rudiment in about 15 days that absorbs water in the soil of arid wholely.
3), the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot: on ten days, precipitation was less than 30 millimeters April, carry out soil accumulation moisture and the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot the middle ten days: the rudiment topped crop straw in back of emerging, reduce blade face transpiration and evaporation from land surface, it is long that rice shoot is carried out drought, helps the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot.
4), short tillering: take the short measure of tillering the end of month late April to 5 of 30～50 millimeters, 50～100 millimeters of precipitation in ten days: by sowing mid-March, seed in soil, absorb water, to the end of drought length, front and back need about 35 days approximately, promptly enter late April, the direct-sowing dry paddy rice enters tillering stage, and form independent root system, can be how much according to each precipitation size and rainfall, catch the chance of raining to enrich nitrogen, potassium quick-acting fertilizer in a small amount of mode repeatedly, increase axial root system and secondary root quantity, enlarge absorption area, ensure that the liquid manure in tillering stage is in liberal supply; Simultaneously seedling is sprayed paclobutrazol, with 800～1000 times of concentration, a leaf wholeheartedly, one heart stage of two leaves respectively sprays paclobutrazol once, suppresses main seedling growth, promotes low position tiller, establishes the group structure of high yield for stable high yield.
Soil, absorb water, finish from sowing, seed at the beginning of mid-March to drought is long, front and back need about 35 days approximately, promptly enter late April, according to historical meteorological data statistics, this, Liujiang County fraction in rainy season reached 87% in period, enter May and have approximately 2/3rds ten days in time precipitation and be suitable for the crop needs, the monthly total precipitation fraction is near 90% more than 100 millimeters, the monthly total precipitation fraction reaches 80% more than 150 millimeters, so, arrange tillering stage and 30～50,50～100 millimeters periods of precipitation ten days of direct sowing on dry paddy field to match, the water demand in tillering stage is protected.
5), enrich young ear manuer: on June, the middle ten days direct-sowing dry paddy rice enter paddy rice booting stage, paddy rice booting stage is critical period of water requirement, and the most responsive to water supply, be 22.3% to the moisture water requirement this period, lack of water is grain husk flower serious degradation and ripening rate decline then, causes the underproduction.On June, ten days in the middle ten days precipitation be 50～100,100～150 millimeters, field soil is subjected to the antecedent precipitation absorption and accumulation water holding that reaches capacity, the field water layer can keep about one month, therefore the period matches therewith to adjust booting stage, assurance has enough water supplies, avoids occurring degeneration of grain husk flower and grain husk and spends unreal phenomenon; Fringe differentiation this moment enters grain husk and spends the idiophase, can change according to the leaf look to enrich young ear manuer-nitrogenous fertilizer, increases the favourable photosynthesis of chlorophyll, increases ripening rate.
6), ten days precipitation be 100～150 millimeters, dig water tank water storage at the edge of a field the period of mid-June to mid-July more than 150 millimeters: this period, rainfall is plentiful, paddy rice is in big tire heading stage, just in time need sufficient moisture, the tall and big stalwartness of plant this moment, even excessive rainfall, the big tire heading of paddy rice can not produce harmful effect; Simultaneously the drought-hit area drought and water shortage time long, take to dig the water tank water storage at the edge of a field, in order to when arid occurring again, having water to irrigate, guarantee that paddy rice is at the water supply at heading stage of tire greatly; Extract three/for the moment out at sword-like leave, on schedule granules application fertilizer.
7), ten days precipitation be mid-June to mid-July more than 150～200 millimeters to strengthen drainning off floodwaters, the control germ: this period is the more flood period of torrential rain to occur, precipitation can surpass more than 200 millimeters in 24 hours, the highest surpassing more than 300 millimeters, this moment direct-sowing dry the seedlings of cereal crops jointing grow tall, cane is thick and stiff, can resist certain flood, cooperate in addition and take to dredge the drain ditch, increase the facility that drains off floodwaters, when moving back, salvages in water unrestrained slag on one side, wash blade face mud on one side, water is stepped back and is in time enriched quick-acting nitrogen, potassic fertilizer is prevented and treated the germ medicament with spraying, and improves the plant resistivity and prevents the germ generation.
The summer drought can occur after July, precipitation is the summer drought less than 20 millimeters to occur (containing for two ten days) more than continuous two ten days in 6～August, and rice anthesis needs water 9%, pustulation period to need water 8%, maturing stage to need water 17%.Conventional cultivation runs into the summer drought, and lack of water can cause is in the milk unreal and output decline.And the moisture change procedure of direct-sowing dry paddy field piece is: arid moistening has water layer one no water layer one a moistening extra dry white wine, the seedlings of cereal crops adapt to this environment, grow main root from rudiment and promptly experience drought-enduring exercise, and form independent root system, early stage, soil permeability was good in addition, root system is made so by the taxis effect, course changes along with growing, root system constantly absorbs moisture from soil, and with the needs of supply overground part, the soil drought time is of a specified duration more, root system constantly absorbs moisture to the soil layer depths, constantly grow secondary root system, enlarge root absorbing area, therefore can effectively resist the summer drought.
Implementing comprehensive technical measure 2), during original sowing, start drilling for 30 centimetres according to line-spacing, the every mu of amount of broadcasting is 1.25～1.5 kilograms, broadcast thick 2 centimetres of back blinding, and cooperate take to broadcast before and before the bud, weeding measure behind the bud, comprise " one kills; two go out; three manual removals ": broadcast the weed killer herbicide that adopted the natural disposition of going out in preceding 20 days and be 1000 milliliters of glyphosates and add 50 milliliters of paraquats and convert 60 kilograms in water and carry out full field and spray, broadcast back 3～5 days and convert 60 kilograms of full fields spraying sealings of water with 150 milliliters of butachlors, carry out the preceding weeding of bud, four leaf phases with preceding twice weeding dead a small amount of weeds restrain with strange 200 grams or live star 50 convert 60 kilograms of sprayings of water carry out bud again after weeding, there is water layer to spread pesticide-clay mixture in conjunction with the mixed fertilizer that topdresses, still there is a small amount of weeding not dead, availablely manually pulls out.
Implementing comprehensive technical measure 1), 4), 5) 6) and 7) each stage blend proportion and method of applying fertilizer be: 30 kilograms in every mu of total fertilization amount urea, 23 kilograms in potassium chloride, 45 kilograms of (P of phosphate fertilizer
2O
515%) nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer active ingredient are by 1; 0.5: 1 carries out reasonably combinedly, and in base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the granulated fertilizer ratio is 3: 4: 2: 1 uses respectively, and fertilizing method is a base manure with composite fertilizer (N15P
2O
515k
2O15) 25 kilograms, the phosphate fertilizer quantity not sufficient is supplied with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and is done that base manure is disposable to be executed down, remaining nitrogen, potassic fertilizer, then look weather rainfall size rainfall what, adopt on a small quantity repeatedly mode, catch the ratio in spite of the rain fertilising of chance of raining in each period.
In implementing comprehensive technical measure, cooperate and implement the insect pests plague of rats: will throw in malicious erbium and malicious erbium station is killed to mouse in 7～10 days prior to seeding, after entering the June, seedlings of cereal crops blade increases, field humidity is big, and damage by disease and insect easily takes place, be according to the situation of sick worm prediction, to common paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight etc., the method for preventing and treating of rice disease and pest is prevented and treated routinely.
In above-mentioned embodiment:
1), the seed rice of described direct-sowing dry adopts excellent No. 1 of Zhejiang in the super hybridization rice that the selection high yield and high quality is tillered and regeneration capacity is strong and better resistance is ripe relatively late, No. 1 combination of the excellent boat of II, these two were made up about the 140 days time of infertility, have 80 days its vegetative growth phase, guaranteeing that seed sowing at the beginning of the mid-March absorbs water to emerges for 3 the end of month, to June go up, the middle ten days enter booting stage its nourish and grow and satisfied, the critical period of rice young panicle differentiation simultaneously also obtains powerful guarantee with the identical coordination of precipitation abundance period.According to arrangement adjustment in advance, even seedling is caused harm by multiple natural calamity in earlier stage, rice growth is obstructed, as long as enter rainy season, after precipitation obtains adapting to and satisfies, paddy rice still has more abundant nourishing and growing the time, reach certain amount of growth, the sufficient period of booting stage and precipitation is matched (booting stage and field keep 40 days period of water layer to match), guarantee the water supply abundance in booting stage, avoid the grain husk flower to degenerate and ripening rate decline, guarantee the volume increase good harvest.This combination is except the high and stable yields of season, and rainwater is mixed well, and regeneration also can obtain the volume increase good harvest season, and can resist natural calamities such as drought, cold and certain damage caused by waterlogging, is the preferable breed combination of direct-sowing dry.
Certainly also can select for use other high yield and high quality to tiller and regeneration capacity is strong and better resistance ripe seed rice relatively late.
2), basis production practices and field test results for many years, climate characteristic in conjunction with area in Liujiang County and the southern osmanthus, the wettability K value in March is 1.27, precipitation is greater than evaporative power, belong to moistening season, air humidity is big, and air humidity reaches capacity, the sprouting even if not rainfall of long period this moment, seed also can absorb water in soil.So the Liujiang County is typically chosen at the beginning of mid-March sowing time, be best March 7～14, early March and the effect poor slightly (referring to subordinate list 1) that the last ten-days period, sowing increased income; Drought-hit area and other areas then should be according to the locality stage climatic characteristics of sowing in spring in the osmanthus, adjust the concrete time of direct-sowing dry in conjunction with the soil drought situation, arrange flexibly, guarantee that seed germination is emerged after, can make full use of local natural precipitation resource and light, warm resource in its growth and development process.
Economic benefit of the present invention
The present invention in Chuan Shan town, Liujiang County, Guangxi, hundred friend towns produce enforcement, a small plot experiment of two small plot experiments of experimental scheme in 2007 and experimental scheme in 2008 all obtains the volume increase good harvest, 6251 mu of experiment and demonstration areas, 412.9 kilograms of average yield per mus, than 41.6 kilograms of conventional cultivation mu volume increase, rate of growth reaches row 10.1%, and wherein 1050 mu of average yield per mus of demonstration area in 2007 are 405.9 kilograms, the demonstration area was 5201 mu in 2008,414.4 kilograms of average yield per mus; In addition, invasion and attack such as serious spring and summer drought, seedling rot weather, 6.13 floods taking place in 2007 causes harm, the most underproduction in the rice seedling bed of traditional cultivation, but two small plot experiments of demonstrate area and experimental scheme obtain high and stable yields.
1), increasing both production and income benefit
6251 mu of direct-sowing dry experiment and demonstration areas, 412.9 kilograms of average yield per mus, than 41.6 kilograms of conventional cultivation mu volume increase, rate of growth 10.1% is always increased production 260041.6 kilograms of paddy, by 2 yuan of per kilograms, increases income 52.01 ten thousand yuan; Newly-increased straw gross yield (ratio of grain to straw is 1: 1) is 260041.6 kilograms, presses 0.2 yuan of calculating of per kilogram, and newly-increased straw value is 5.2 ten thousand yuan.Therefore two increase income and add up to 57.21 ten thousand yuan, and average every mu increases income 91.5 yuan.
2), joint Zhi Xiaoyi
Save every mu of land for growing field crops seedling dish: 60 * 0.5=30.00 unit, the demonstration area is total to for 6251 mu: ten thousand yuan of 6251 * 30=18.75, drive 25300 mu of demonstration popularizations such as interior Xingbin District phoenix town, Laibin City, district, bight township, ten thousand yuan of 25300 * 30=75.9,
Two accumulative totals: 151.86 ten thousand yuan
3), water-saving benefit
According to present China irrigation water average moisture productivity effect is every cubic metre of 1 kilogram of grain, calculates 1050 mu of demonstrations in 2007,406.9 kilograms of average yield per mus in view of the above; The different sowing dates difference amount of broadcasting small plot experiment, average yield per mu is 417.8 kilograms; Different base manure consumption small plot experiments, 549.7 kilograms of average yield per mus; The difference amount of broadcasting was stayed the stake test in 2008,449 kilograms of average yield per mus, and the demonstration area was 5201 mu in 2008, and 414.4 kilograms of average yield per mus are then saved irrigation water 406～449m for every mu
3, the highest 550m
3, the total irrigation water resource 25.38 * 10 of saving of accumulative total
5m
3To 28.07 * 10
5m
3, the highest by 34.38 * 10
5m
3In addition,, draw water 10 times about 30～40 degree of power consumption (electricity price for rural uses 0.26 yuan/spend) approximately in every mu of season according to investigation drought-hit area electricity consumption irrigations that harrow a field of drawing water; In some water tail fields, high pit field and dry land, with the diesel engine irrigation that harrows a field of drawing water, one season about 3～4 times of mu, 9～12 liters of oil consumptions are calculated thus, using electricity wisely 1.88～2.5 ten thousand degree or save diesel oil 5.6～7.5 ten thousand liter, energy-saving and cost-reducing effect is quite remarkable.
Result of the test and rainfall in 3～August situations in 2006 to 2008 etc. are seen attached list:
1 2007 years different sowing dates differences of subordinate list amount of broadcasting small plot experiment is tillered and economy volt table
2 2007 years different base manure consumption direct-sowing dry test economic characters tables of subordinate list
3 2008 years difference amounts of broadcasting of subordinate list are stayed a regeneration test economic characters table
Claims (6)
1. one kind is utilized natural precipitation to carry out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique fully, it is characterized in that: described culture technique be the need water according to each growth and development stage of paddy rice require and local at different levels ten days the natural precipitation rule historical meteorological data statistical data, adjust the breeding time of paddy rice, each growth and development stage and the natural precipitation rule in local each ten days of paddy rice are matched, and cooperate and to take corresponding comprehensive technical measure, reach the purpose of resisting drought saving water, stable volume increase;
Its method of adjustment comprises:
1), seed selection: select high yield and high quality to tiller and regeneration capacity is strong, better resistance, comparison ripe seed rice late, calculate its time of infertility and vegetative growth phase;
2), determine sowing time: according to locality spring sowing stage climatic characteristic, in conjunction with the soil drought situation, according to the time of infertility of selected seed rice, broadcast absorbent time and the rudiment seedling-growing time that needs in the soil to add seed its vegetative growth phase, having the period of water layer to coincide with paddy rice booting stage and local field is benchmark, retrodict and determine the exact date of spring sowing, guarantee that each stage of rice growth to the coordination that matches of the demand of water and local ten days natural precipitation rule at different levels, is rationally utilized water resource;
Its comprehensive technical measure comprises:
1), the whole ground of drought: the field piece plough solarization of carrying out direct-sowing dry is passed the winter, under weathering and dry ground effect, soil block is broken easily, after full field weeding, sowing carried out ploughing for 2～3 times and harrows in preceding 7～10 days, stir soil, make it form good granular structure and micelle kernel structure, increase hole, extended volume, a large amount of capillary pores of generation and non capillary pores, favourable formation soil capillary water, accumulation moisture, in conjunction with crop straw also field or every mu execute 1500～2000 kilograms of farmyard manures, other takes the measure of heavy dressing base manure;
2), original sowing: original sowing is the method for direct dry sowing, promptly without presoaking and germinating, do not need special rice seedling bed, need not put the rice seedling bed in order, pour water and harrow a field, not needing seedling to manage and pull seedling transplants or throws and plant, to directly broadcast in the soil that finishes without the seed of presoaking and germinating wholely, make full use of natural precipitation and carry out Rice Production, between ten days, precipitation was less than 10 millimeters March, carry out original sowing, soil after repeatedly ploughing rake is started, rice paddy seed is directly broadcast the soil of putting in order ground through drought, machinery or artificial lid kind are emerged the seed left and right sides rudiment in about 15 days that absorbs water in the soil of arid;
3), the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot: on ten days, precipitation was less than 30 millimeters April, carry out soil accumulation moisture and the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot the middle ten days: the rudiment topped crop straw in back of emerging, reduce blade face transpiration and evaporation from land surface, it is long that rice shoot is carried out drought, helps the drought-enduring exercise of rice shoot;
4), short tillering: take the short measure of tillering the end of month late April to 5 of 30～50 millimeters, 50～100 millimeters of precipitation in ten days: by sowing mid-March, seed in soil, absorb water, to the end of drought length, front and back need about 35 days approximately, promptly enter late April, the direct-sowing dry paddy rice enters tillering stage, and form independent root system, can be how much according to each precipitation size and rainfall, catch the chance of raining to enrich nitrogen, potassium quick-acting fertilizer in a small amount of mode repeatedly, increase axial root system and secondary root quantity, enlarge absorption area, ensure that the liquid manure in tillering stage is in liberal supply; Simultaneously seedling is sprayed paclobutrazol, with 800～1000 times of concentration, a leaf wholeheartedly, one heart stage of two leaves respectively sprays paclobutrazol once, suppresses main seedling growth, promote to tiller;
5), enrich young ear manuer: on June, the middle ten days direct-sowing dry paddy rice enter paddy rice booting stage, paddy rice booting stage is critical period of water requirement, the most responsive to water supply, on June, ten days in the middle ten days precipitation be 50～100,100～150 millimeters, water supply is enough, avoids occurring degeneration of grain husk flower and grain husk and spends unreal phenomenon; Fringe differentiation this moment enters grain husk and spends the idiophase, can change according to the leaf look to enrich young ear manuer-nitrogenous fertilizer, increases the favourable photosynthesis of chlorophyll, increases ripening rate;
6), the edge of a field digs water tank water storage, granules application fertilizer in proportion: ten days precipitation be that mid-June more than 100～150 millimeters is to mid-July, rainfall is plentiful, paddy rice is in big tire heading stage, just in time need sufficient moisture, take simultaneously to dig the water tank water storage at the edge of a field, in order to when occurring arid again, there being water to irrigate, guarantee that paddy rice is at the big tire water supply at heading stage; Extract three/for the moment out at sword-like leave, can be according to ratio granules application fertilizer;
7), strengthen drainning off floodwaters, prevent and treat germ: when flood appears in mid-June to mid-July, be ten days precipitation be more than 150～200 millimeters, this moment direct-sowing dry the seedlings of cereal crops jointing grows tall, cane is thick and stiff, can resist certain flood, cooperation is taked to dredge the drain ditch, is increased the facility that drains off floodwaters, on one side water is salvaged unrestrained slag when moving back, Yi Bian wash blade face mud in addition, water is stepped back and is in time enriched quick-acting nitrogen, potassic fertilizer and spray control germ medicament, improves the plant resistivity and prevents the germ generation.
2. the natural precipitation that utilizes fully according to claim 1 carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, it is characterized in that: when seed selection, excellent No. 1 of Zhejiang, the excellent boat of II make up for No. 1 in the super hybridization rice that the selection high yield and high quality is tillered and regeneration capacity is strong and better resistance is ripe relatively late.
3. the natural precipitation that utilizes fully according to claim 1 and 2 carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, it is characterized in that: implementing comprehensive technical measure 2), during original sowing, start drilling for 30 centimetres according to line-spacing, the every mu of amount of broadcasting is 1.25～1.5 kilograms, broadcast thick 2 centimetres of the blinding in back, and cooperate take to broadcast before and before the bud, weeding measure behind the bud.
4. the natural precipitation that utilizes fully according to claim 3 carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, it is characterized in that: before described the broadcasting and before the bud, the weeding measure comprises " one kills; two go out; three manual removals " behind the bud: broadcast the weed killer herbicide that adopted the natural disposition of going out in preceding 20 days and be 1000 milliliters of glyphosates and add 50 milliliters of paraquats and convert 60 kilograms in water and carry out full field and spray, broadcast back 3～5 days and convert 60 kilograms of full fields spraying sealings of water with 150 milliliters of butachlors, carry out the preceding weeding of bud, four leaf phases with preceding twice weeding dead a small amount of weeds restrain with strange 200 grams or live star 50 convert 60 kilograms of sprayings of water carry out bud again after weeding, there is water layer to spread pesticide-clay mixture in conjunction with the mixed fertilizer that topdresses, still there is a small amount of weeding not dead, availablely manually pulls out.
5. the natural precipitation that utilizes fully according to claim 4 carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, it is characterized in that: implementing comprehensive technical measure 1), 4), 5), 6) and 7) blend proportion and the method for each stage fertilising be: the nitrogen of 30 kilograms in every mu of total fertilization amount urea, 23 kilograms in potassium chloride, phosphate fertilizer 45 kilograms (P2O515%), phosphorus, potash fertilizer active ingredient are pressed 1; 0.5: 1 carry out reasonably combined, in base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the granulated fertilizer ratio is 3: 4: 2: 1 uses respectively, fertilizing method is base manure composite fertilizer (N15P2O515k2O15) 25 kilograms, the phosphate fertilizer quantity not sufficient is supplied with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and is done that base manure is disposable to be executed down, remaining nitrogen, potassic fertilizer, how much then look weather rainfall size rainfall, adopt on a small quantity repeatedly mode, catch the ratio in spite of the rain fertilising of chance of raining in each period.
6. the natural precipitation that utilizes fully according to claim 5 carries out the direct sowing on dry paddy field drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, it is characterized in that: when implementing comprehensive technical measure, cooperate to implement the insect pests plague of rats: will throw in malicious erbium and malicious erbium station is killed to mouse in 7～10 days prior to seeding, after entering the June, seedlings of cereal crops blade increases, field humidity is big, damage by disease and insect easily takes place, will be according to the situation of sick worm prediction, to common paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight etc., the method for preventing and treating of rice disease and pest is prevented and treated routinely.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009103109490A CN101766107B (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2009-12-04 | Drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique for performing direct sowing on dry paddy field by fully using natural precipitation |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910309467.3 | 2009-11-09 | ||
| CN200910309467 | 2009-11-09 | ||
| CN2009103109490A CN101766107B (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2009-12-04 | Drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique for performing direct sowing on dry paddy field by fully using natural precipitation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101766107A true CN101766107A (en) | 2010-07-07 |
| CN101766107B CN101766107B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
Family
ID=42499333
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009103109490A Expired - Fee Related CN101766107B (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2009-12-04 | Drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique for performing direct sowing on dry paddy field by fully using natural precipitation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101766107B (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103477928A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 付吉新 | Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice |
| CN103563660A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-12 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for screening drought tolerant variety by using rice secondary root difference |
| CN103583293A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-19 | 重庆乾鼎农业科技发展有限公司 | Rice dry land direct-seeding planting method |
| CN103947490A (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2014-07-30 | 黄宝林 | Paddy field weeding method implemented along with seeding |
| CN104823780A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-12 | 肥西县农业技术推广中心 | Water-saving planting method for paddy rice |
| CN105075760A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 林天国 | A rice water-free dry soil transplanting method including holing and fertilizing |
| CN105123370A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽同大现代农业科技园有限公司 | Novel method of raising rice seedlings through dry sowing and water management |
| CN105541459A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 苏州莲花岛生态农业专业合作社 | Dedicated fertilizers for improving color brilliance of colored rice and application method thereof |
| CN105660273A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-15 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Cold-zone japonica rice dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method |
| CN106376403A (en) * | 2015-07-26 | 2017-02-08 | 峡江县植保植检站 | Determining method for total flooding economical critical rescue time of paddy rice in various growth periods |
| CN106973735A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 潘传富 | A kind of method of nonirrigated farmland direct seading rice |
| CN107148878A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-12 | 宁乡五谷优质稻种植专业合作社 | A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation technique |
| CN107278740A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | A kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology |
| CN107423566A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-12-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of land-use optimization method for taking into account ecological water saving and contamination control |
| CN107409880A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-01 | 付吉新 | Hillside without the direct sowing on dry paddy field of lattice field spray cultural method |
| CN108702909A (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2018-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method |
| CN109122139A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 丁广礼 | A kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of saving water, resisting drought rice |
| CN110140500A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-20 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe |
| CN113340820A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-03 | 上海辰山植物园 | Identification method for evaluating waterlogging tolerance of magnolia stelleriana by utilizing photosynthetic property and leaf color |
| CN114271156A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | Sowing process suitable for direct dry seeding of water-saving drought-resistant rice |
| CN117617075A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-01 | 开远市灵泉街道办事处农业综合服务中心 | Method for planting rice seeds in dry land covered by plastic film |
| CN118303283A (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2024-07-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for methane emission reduction and rice high yield synergy in winter paddy field |
-
2009
- 2009-12-04 CN CN2009103109490A patent/CN101766107B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103477928B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-22 | 付吉新 | Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice |
| CN103477928A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 付吉新 | Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice |
| CN103563660A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-12 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for screening drought tolerant variety by using rice secondary root difference |
| CN103563660B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-20 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for screening drought tolerant variety by using rice secondary root difference |
| CN103583293A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-19 | 重庆乾鼎农业科技发展有限公司 | Rice dry land direct-seeding planting method |
| CN103583293B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-09-30 | 重庆乾鼎农业科技发展有限公司 | Paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method |
| CN103947490A (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2014-07-30 | 黄宝林 | Paddy field weeding method implemented along with seeding |
| CN105075760A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 林天国 | A rice water-free dry soil transplanting method including holing and fertilizing |
| CN104823780A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-12 | 肥西县农业技术推广中心 | Water-saving planting method for paddy rice |
| CN106376403A (en) * | 2015-07-26 | 2017-02-08 | 峡江县植保植检站 | Determining method for total flooding economical critical rescue time of paddy rice in various growth periods |
| CN105123370A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽同大现代农业科技园有限公司 | Novel method of raising rice seedlings through dry sowing and water management |
| CN105541459A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 苏州莲花岛生态农业专业合作社 | Dedicated fertilizers for improving color brilliance of colored rice and application method thereof |
| CN107148878A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-12 | 宁乡五谷优质稻种植专业合作社 | A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation technique |
| CN105660273B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-11-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | One kind cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method |
| CN105660273A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-15 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Cold-zone japonica rice dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method |
| CN107278740A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | A kind of rocky mountainous area Rice Cropping new technology |
| CN106973735A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 潘传富 | A kind of method of nonirrigated farmland direct seading rice |
| CN107423566A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-12-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of land-use optimization method for taking into account ecological water saving and contamination control |
| CN107409880A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-01 | 付吉新 | Hillside without the direct sowing on dry paddy field of lattice field spray cultural method |
| CN108702909A (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2018-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method |
| CN109122139A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 丁广礼 | A kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of saving water, resisting drought rice |
| CN110140500A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-20 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe |
| CN110140500B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-06-29 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Efficient nitrogen fertilizer application method for double-season super rice after nitrogen element transplanting and spike strengthening |
| CN113340820A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-03 | 上海辰山植物园 | Identification method for evaluating waterlogging tolerance of magnolia stelleriana by utilizing photosynthetic property and leaf color |
| CN113340820B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2023-01-24 | 上海辰山植物园 | Identification method for evaluating waterlogging tolerance of magnolia stelleriana by utilizing photosynthetic property and leaf color |
| CN114271156A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | Sowing process suitable for direct dry seeding of water-saving drought-resistant rice |
| CN117617075A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-01 | 开远市灵泉街道办事处农业综合服务中心 | Method for planting rice seeds in dry land covered by plastic film |
| CN118303283A (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2024-07-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for methane emission reduction and rice high yield synergy in winter paddy field |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101766107B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101766107B (en) | Drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique for performing direct sowing on dry paddy field by fully using natural precipitation | |
| CN101731112B (en) | Water-saving cultivation method of sand rice | |
| CN105010068B (en) | The cultural method of one planting fruit-trees short-term training high yield | |
| CN103460941A (en) | Method for cultivating semi-annual high-rosin pinus massoniana lamb seedlings in nutrient bags | |
| CN105941053A (en) | A green planting method for blueberries | |
| CN104996261A (en) | Paulownia root-imbedding seedling growing technology | |
| CN108966717A (en) | Four-dimensional alkaline land improving method | |
| CN107087465A (en) | A kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method | |
| CN103444416A (en) | Sowing and culturing methods for northland scenery wildflower combination | |
| CN106937577A (en) | A kind of method of the live building well of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube | |
| CN101406125A (en) | Artificial quick cultivation method of Chinese medicine plant Callicarpa kwangtungensis seedling | |
| CN104206140A (en) | Method for cultivating goodyera yamiana II | |
| JP2007037541A (en) | Method for producing seedling of plant belonging to genus ophiopogon and genus liriope and method for covering and greening ground utilizing the method | |
| CN104718923A (en) | Drought-resisting cultivation method for ginkgo trees | |
| CN105767010A (en) | Output increasing agent for underground crops | |
| CN105875164A (en) | Method for no-tillage watermelon cultivation in Northern Jiangsu intertidal zone saline-alkali soil | |
| CN102283065A (en) | High-yield process for layering cultivation of fruit of trifoliate orange | |
| CN104145557A (en) | Rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees | |
| CN106900325A (en) | Millet, eryuelan rain support few non-ploughing growing method for white | |
| CN103548511A (en) | Method for comprehensive frost-prevention cultivation of winter-cropping potatoes | |
| CN111328658A (en) | Method for crop rotation of oil rice | |
| CN108401821B (en) | High-latitude cold-region potato and rice double-season continuous cropping planting method | |
| CN106234012A (en) | A kind of fruit and vegetable interplanting method | |
| CN105432399A (en) | Anti-season plantation method for landscaping tree species | |
| CN109964713A (en) | One kind being used for chinquapin, dictyophora phalloidea and the Trinitarian implantation methods of bletilla |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120425 Termination date: 20141204 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |