CN110140500A - A kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe - Google Patents
A kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration that a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back strong fringe, it is related to technical field of crop cultivation, it is superfluous to solve existing Rice Production growth nitrogen early period, nutrient waste, the problem of later period Nitrogen supplying deficiency, its key points of the technical solution are that: select super rice varieties of double seasons；Determine the application total amount of N, P, K fertilizer；Super early rice base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer N fertilizer applicating ratio be 6:3:1:0,5:3:2:0 or 5:3:1:1；Super Late Rice base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer N fertilizer applicating ratio be 5:4:1:0 or 5:3:2:0 or 5:3:1:1；P fertilizer makees base manure application entirely；K fertilizer 60% makees base manure application, and 40% makees ear manuer application, has the function of improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, promotes super spike of rice grain collaboration development, plays super hybridization rice yield potential, develops for rice industry to green, efficient direction and provide technical support.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, more specifically, it relates to which a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back
The High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe.
Background technique
The development of super rice plays an important role China's grain security.Since nearly 5 years, China Super Rice Planting face
Product, it is annual to stablize at 1.3 hundred million mu or more, account for 30% of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area or so.In Rice Production " big fertilizer is striven for high yield "
Production theory is long-standing.
Currently, peasant habit takes " one bombards " fertilizing method, i.e., heavy base, fetilizer for tillering, light fringe, granulated fertilizer in Rice Production.
Nitrogenous fertilizer is made base manure and tillering fertilizer by peasant habit, wherein early rice base manure, tillering fertilizer nitrogen application ratio be 7:3, late rice base
Fertile, tillering fertilizer nitrogen application ratio is 6:4.Since nitrogen application during early growth stage amount is big, it is easy to outflow with water or by digestion and anti-digestion
Effect volatilization, causes utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer low, leads to water eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions increase, and pollutes environment.Peasant does not have
The characteristics of with good grounds difference each growing stage of super hybridization rice needs nitrogen difference takes suitable split application ratio, and super hybridization rice is caused to grow
Early period, nitrogen was superfluous, and nutrient waste, later period Nitrogen supplying is insufficient, and the effect of increasing production that fringe is big, grain is full is not achieved, and it is raw to reduce fertilizer
Efficiency is produced, the yield potential of super hybridization rice cannot be given full play to, manure resources have not only been wasted but also caused nitrogen pollution of area source.
Existing fertilization mode is the bottleneck that rice industry develops to green, efficient direction.How fertilizer utilization effect is improved
Rate, the yield potential for promoting super spike of rice grain collaboration development, playing super hybridization rice, and according to super hybridization rice difference growth and development stage pair
The appropriate split application nitrogenous fertilizer of the otherness of nitrogen demand is the key breakthrough points for cracking this problem.By improving nitrogen application skill
Art needs the otherness of nitrogen according to super hybridization rice each breeding time, proposes that super hybridization rice nitrogen moves back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, right
The development of rice industry is promoted to have important practical significance and far-reaching historic significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration that a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back strong fringe, have and mention
High fertilizer utilization efficiency, the effect for promoting super spike of rice grain collaboration development, playing super hybridization rice yield potential are rice industry to green
Offer technical support is developed in color, efficient direction.
After above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens
Move the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, comprising the following steps:
S1: the super rice varieties of double seasons for selecting the ripe phase to be suitable for, get bumper crops；
S2: the application total amount of N, P, K fertilizer is determined according to soil fertility, super hybridization rice breediness and target output；
S3: the N fertilizer of super early rice divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer three times or four applications, base manure, tillering fertilizer, fringe
The ratio of fertilizer is 6:3:1:0,5:3:2:0 or 5:3:1:1；
The N fertilizer of Super Late Rice divide base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer three times or four times application, base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer,
The ratio of granulated fertilizer is 5:4:1:0 or 5:3:2:0 or 5:3:1:1；
S4:P fertilizer makees base manure application entirely；
S5:K fertilizer 60% makees base manure application, and 40% makees ear manuer application.
The present invention is further arranged to: the specific administrations step of the base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer:
Base manure applies N, P before harrowing a field for the last time2O5、K2The compound fertilizer 30-32.5kg/ that O nutrient content is 40%
Mu, nutrient insufficient section urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride supplement；N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3；
Tillering fertilizer, super early rice are spread fertilizer over the fields after transplanting 5-7 days, and Super Late Rice is spread fertilizer over the fields after transplanting 3-5 days；
Ear manuer, in proportion applied nitrogen and potash fertilizer；
Granulated fertilizer is applied after neat fringe 2-4 days.
The present invention is further arranged to: the target output of the super hybridization rice and the specific of N applied determine and measure are as follows:
Super early rice target output is 500-550kg/ mus, and N applied is 10-12kg/ mus；
Super Late Rice target output is 550-650kg/ mus, and N applied is 11-13kg/ mus.
The present invention is further arranged to: N, P of the super hybridization rice2O5、K2O applicating ratio specifically:
Super early rice N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:(0.4-0.5): (0.5-0.6)；
Super Late Rice N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:(0.3-0.4): (0.7-0.8).
The present invention is further arranged to: the water management step of the super hybridization rice specifically: shallow wet filling is taken in water management
Irrigate method.That is shallow turn green keeps 1-3cm shoaling layer after transplanting；Thin moisture tiller keeps 1cm or so water layer in tillering stage, promotes to divide
Tiller drains dry field in tillering regularity；Alternation of wetting and drying after heading, the 3-5cm that pours water every time fall naturally it is dry after fill again, repetitive operation, directly
Stopped pouring water by harvesting first 7 days.
The present invention is further arranged to: the super early rice selection strain two excellent 819, mound two excellent 268, land two excellent 996, two are excellent
287, prosperous 203, five Feng You 286 of Gan, middle morning 39, middle morning 35, in praise early No. 17, any one kind (combination) in Jinyou 458；
Super Late Rice selection Tianyou 122, five excellent 308, five Feng You T025, Sheng Tai be excellent 722, H is excellent 518, Ji You 225,
Rong You 225, Tianyou998, deep excellent 1029, the excellent Hua Zhanzhong in day any one kind (combination).
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages: being moved back by optimum period appropriate nitrogen, by the 10-20% of total N content
It moves back and makees ear manuer and granulated fertilizer application, enhance the soil later period for NH4 +Intensity is conducive to the growth of Later Stage of Rice fringe grain, promotes super
Spike of rice grain equilibrium coordinated development achievees the effect that high yield increases income；Nitrogen is reduced to outflow with water or by digestion and anti-digestion
The case where volatilization, occurs, and improves utilization rate of fertilizer, has saved manure resources, has pushed the development of abridged edition type, heavy duty detergent agricultural；
Water eutrophication is reduced, greenhouse gas emissions is reduced, prevents the pollution of the environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1: a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, as shown in Figure 1, including such as
Lower step:
Step 1 selects breeding.Early 39 in super early rice variety selection, breeding time 112 days, sowing on March 25, April 20
Day rice transplanting, July 15 maturation, sowing quantity 5kg/ mus of crop field.Super Late Rice variety selection H excellent 518, breeding time 108 days, June 25
Day sowing, rice transplanting on July 18, October 11 maturation, crop field is with kinds 1kg/ mus.
Step 2 determines dose.Field soil middle fertility, early 39 in super hybridization rice, according to target yield 500kg/ mus, really
Determining N applied is 12kg/ mus, N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:0.4:0.5.Super hybridization rice H excellent 518, according to target yield 550kg/
Mu determines that N applied is 13kg/ mus, N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:0.3:0.8.P fertilizer makees base manure application, K fertilizer 60% entirely
Make base manure, 40% makees ear manuer.Middle micronutrient levels is abundant, does not apply.
Step 3, N fertilizer applicating ratio.Early 39 N fertilizer divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, applies for granulated fertilizer four times in super early rice
With applicating ratio 5:3:1:1.The N fertilizer of Super Late Rice H excellent 518 divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer to apply three times, and applicating ratio is
5:3:2.
Step 4, method of administration.Early 39 in super early rice, base manure, base manure were applied before harrowing a field for the last time in 19th in April
Apply N, P2O5、K2O nutrient content is compound fertilizer 30kg/ mu and P of 40%2O5The calcium superphosphate 20kg/ that content is 12%
Mu.N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3.Tillering fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields 7.8kg/ mus of urea on April 26, ear manuer May 22
2.6kg/ mus of urea are applied, 4kg/ mus of potassium chloride, granulated fertilizer applied 2.6kg/ mus of urea June 19.
Super Late Rice H excellent 518, base manure was applied July 17 before harrowing a field for the last time, and base manure applies N, P2O5、K2O is supported
Point content is compound fertilizer 32.5kg/ mu of 40%, 3.9kg/ mus of potassium chloride, and apply P2O5The calcium superphosphate that content is 12%
10.8kg/ mus.N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3.Tillering fertilizer, July 23 spread fertilizer over the fields 8.5kg/ mus of urea, ear manuer 8
The moon applies 5.7kg/ mus of urea, 6.9kg/ mus of potassium chloride on the 17th.
Step 5, water management.Wet-shallow irrigation method is taken in water management.That is shallow turn green keeps 3cm shallow water after transplanting
Layer.Thin moisture tiller keeps 1cm or so water layer in tillering stage, promotes tiller, drains dry field in tillering regularity.Dry and wet is handed over after heading
Replace, the 3-5cm that pours water every time fall naturally it is dry after fill again, repetitive operation, until harvesting stopping in preceding 7 days is poured water.
Test result: compared with conventional fertilizer application, middle morning 39, H excellent 518 increase separately total grain number be 9/fringe, 10/fringe,
It is 5.1%, 4.7% that setting percentage, which is respectively increased,.Middle 39 yield of morning is 489.6kg/ mus, increases production 12.3%, N fertilizer partially than conventional fertilizer application
It produces power rate and improves 12.3%.Excellent 518 yield of H is 562.6kg/ mus, and wilfully than conventional fertilizer application volume increase 13.1%, N fertilizer force of labor mentions
It is high by 13.1%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, include the following steps:
Step 1 selects breeding.Super early rice variety selection strain two excellent 819, breeding time 105 days, sowing on March 27, April
Rice transplanting on the 23rd, July 10 maturation, sowing quantity 1.75kg/ mus of crop field.Super Late Rice variety selection deeply excellent 1029, breeding time 118
It, sowing on June 16, rice transplanting on July 13, October 12 maturation, crop field is with kinds 1kg/ mus.
Step 2 determines dose.Field soil middle fertility, super hybridization rice strain two excellent 819, according to target yield 500kg/
Mu determines that N applied is 12kg/ mus, N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:0.4:0.5.Super hybridization rice deeply excellent 1029, according to target produces
550kg/ mus of amount determines that N applied is 13kg/ mus, N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:0.3:0.8.P fertilizer makees base manure application entirely,
K fertilizer 60% makees base manure, and 40% makees ear manuer.Middle micronutrient levels is abundant, does not apply.
Step 3, N fertilizer applicating ratio.The N fertilizer of super early rice strain two excellent 819 divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer to apply three times,
Applicating ratio is 6:3:1.The N fertilizer of Super Late Rice deeply excellent 1029 divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer four times applications, applicating ratio
For 5:3:1:1.
Step 4, method of administration.Super early rice strain two excellent 819 applies base manure on 22nd in April before harrowing a field for the last time,
Base manure applies N, P2O5、K2O nutrient content is compound fertilizer 30kg/ mus of 40%, 2.6kg/ mus of urea and P2O5Content is 12%
20kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate.N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3.Tillering fertilizer, April 28 spread fertilizer over the fields urea 7.8kg/
Mu, ear manuer applied 2.6kg/ mus of urea, 4kg/ mus of potassium chloride May 18.
Super Late Rice deeply excellent 1029, base manure was applied July 12 before harrowing a field for the last time, and base manure applies N, P2O5、K2O
Nutrient content is compound fertilizer 32.5kg/ mus of 40%, 3.9kg/ mus of potassium chloride and P2O5The calcium superphosphate that content is 12%
10.8kg/ mus.N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3.Tillering fertilizer, July 18 spread fertilizer over the fields 8.5kg/ mus of urea, ear manuer 8
The moon applies 2.8kg/ mus of urea on the 20th, 6.9kg/ mus of potassium chloride, applies 2.8kg/ mus of urea within granulated fertilizer September 16th.
Step 5, water management.Wet-shallow irrigation method is taken in water management.Shallow turn green keeps 3cm shoaling layer after transplanting.
Thin moisture tiller keeps 1cm or so water layer in tillering stage, promotes tiller, drains dry field in tillering regularity.Alternation of wetting and drying after heading,
The 3-5cm that pours water every time fall naturally it is dry after fill again, repetitive operation, until harvesting stopping in preceding 7 days is poured water.
Test result: compared with conventional fertilizer application, strain two excellent 819, deep excellent 1029 increase separately total grain number as 7/fringe, 11
Grain/fringe, it is 5.3%, 5.5% that setting percentage, which is respectively increased,.Two excellent 819 yield of strain are 501.3kg/ mus, are increased production than conventional fertilizer application
65.5kg/ mus, wilfully force of labor rate improves 15% to volume increase 15%, N fertilizer.Deep excellent 1029 yield is 578.5kg/ mus, compares conventional fertilizer application
62.8kg/ mus of volume increase, wilfully force of labor improves 12.2% to volume increase 12.2%, N fertilizer.
Embodiment 3: a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, include the following steps:
Step 1 selects breeding.Super early rice variety selection two excellent 287, breeding time 107 days, sowing on March 26, April 25
Day rice transplanting, July 11 maturation, sowing quantity 1.5kg/ mus of crop field.Super Late Rice variety selection Tianyou998, breeding time 119 days, June
Sow within 19th, rice transplanting on July 15, October 16 maturation, crop field is with kinds 1kg/ mus.
Step 2 determines dose.Field soil middle fertility, super early rice two excellent 287, according to target yield 500kg/
Mu determines that N applied is 11kg/ mus, N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:0.4:0.5.Super Late Rice Tianyou998, according to target produces
550kg/ mus of amount determines that N applied is 13kg/ mus, N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:0.3:0.8.P fertilizer makees base manure application entirely,
K fertilizer 60% makees base manure, and 40% makees ear manuer.Middle micronutrient levels is abundant, does not apply.
Step 3, N fertilizer applicating ratio.The N fertilizer of super early rice two excellent 287 divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer to apply three times, applies
It is 6:3:1 with ratio.The N fertilizer of Super Late Rice Tianyou998 divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer four times applications, and applicating ratio is
5:3:1:1.
Step 4, method of administration.Super early rice two excellent 287 applies base manure, base on 22nd in April before harrowing a field for the last time
Fertilizer application N, P2O5、K2O nutrient content is compound fertilizer 30kg/ mus of 40%, 1.3kg/ mus of urea and P2O5Content is 12%
16.7kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate.N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3.Tillering fertilizer, April 28 spread fertilizer over the fields urea 7.2kg/
Mu, ear manuer applied 2.4kg/ mus of urea, 3.2kg/ mus of potassium chloride May 17.
Super Late Rice Tianyou998, base manure was applied July 12 before harrowing a field for the last time, and base manure applies N, P2O5、K2O is supported
Point content is compound fertilizer 32.5kg/ mus of 40%, 3.9kg/ mus of potassium chloride and P2O5The calcium superphosphate that content is 12%
10.8kg/ mus.N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3.Tillering fertilizer, July 20 spread fertilizer over the fields 8.5kg/ mus of urea, ear manuer 8
The moon applies 2.8kg/ mus of urea, 6.9kg/ mus of potassium chloride on the 22nd.Apply 2.8kg/ mus of urea within granulated fertilizer September 18 days.
Step 5, water management.Wet-shallow irrigation method is taken in water management.That is shallow turn green keeps 3cm shallow water after transplanting
Layer.Thin moisture tiller keeps 1cm or so water layer in tillering stage, promotes tiller, drains dry field in tillering regularity.Dry and wet is handed over after heading
Replace, the 3-5cm that pours water every time fall naturally it is dry after fill again, repetitive operation, until harvesting stopping in preceding 7 days is poured water.
Test result: compared with conventional fertilizer application, two excellent 287, deep excellent 1029 increase separately total grain number be 6/fringe, 12/
Fringe, it is 4.9%, 5.7% that setting percentage, which is respectively increased,.Two excellent 819 yield of strain are 459.5kg/ mus, are increased production than conventional fertilizer application
46.9kg/ mus, wilfully force of labor rate improves 11.4% to volume increase 11.4%, N fertilizer.Deep excellent 1029 yield is 582.3kg/ mus, than routine
69.2kg/ mus of fertilising volume increase, wilfully force of labor improves 13.5% to volume increase 13.5%, N fertilizer.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, it is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
S1: the super rice varieties of double seasons for selecting the ripe phase to be suitable for, get bumper crops；
S2: the application total amount of N, P, K fertilizer is determined according to soil fertility, super hybridization rice breediness and target output；
S3: the N fertilizer of super early rice divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, the granulated fertilizer three times or four applications, base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer
Ratio is 6:3:1:0,5:3:2:0 or 5:3:1:1；
The N fertilizer of Super Late Rice divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer three times or four applications, base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer
Ratio be 5:4:1:0 or 5:3:2:0 or 5:3:1:1；
S4:P fertilizer makees base manure application entirely；
S5:K fertilizer 60% makees base manure application, and 40% makees ear manuer application.
2. a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens according to claim 1 move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, feature
It is: the specific administrations step of the base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer:
Base manure applies N, P before harrowing a field for the last time2O5、K2O nutrient content is compound fertilizer 30-32.5kg/ mu of 40%, is supported
Divide insufficient section urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride supplement；N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5、K2The ratio of O is 5:2:3；
Tillering fertilizer, super early rice are spread fertilizer over the fields after transplanting 5-7 days, and Super Late Rice is spread fertilizer over the fields after transplanting 3-5 days；
Ear manuer, in proportion applied nitrogen and potash fertilizer；
Granulated fertilizer is applied after neat fringe 2-4 days.
3. a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens according to claim 1 move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, feature
Be: the target output of the super hybridization rice and the specific of N applied determine and measure are as follows:
Super early rice target output is 500-550kg/ mus, and N applied is 10-12kg/ mus；
Super Late Rice target output is 550-650kg/ mus, and N applied is 11-13kg/ mus.
4. a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens according to claim 1 move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, feature
It is: N, P of the super hybridization rice2O5、K2O applicating ratio specifically:
Super early rice N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:(0.4-0.5): (0.5-0.6)；
Super Late Rice N, P2O5、K2The applicating ratio of O is 1:(0.3-0.4): (0.7-0.8).
5. a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens according to claim 1 move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, feature
It is: the water management step of the super hybridization rice specifically: wet-shallow irrigation method is taken in water management.That is shallow turn green is protected after transplanting
Hold 1-3cm shoaling layer；Thin moisture tiller keeps 1cm or so water layer in tillering stage, promotes tiller, drains dry field in tillering regularity；It takes out
Alternation of wetting and drying after fringe, the 3-5cm that pours water every time fall naturally it is dry after fill again, repetitive operation, until harvesting stopping in preceding 7 days is poured water.
6. a kind of double season super hybridization rice nitrogens according to claim 1 move back the High Efficient nitrogen method of administration of strong fringe, feature
Be: super early rice selection strain two excellent 819, mound two excellent 268, land two excellent 996, two excellent 287, prosperous 203, five Feng You 286 of Gan, in
Early 39, middle morning 35, in praise any one kind (combination) in No. 17 early, Jinyou 458；
Super Late Rice selection Tianyou 122, five excellent 308, five Feng You T025, Sheng Tai be excellent 722, H is excellent 518, Ji You 225, Rong You
225, Tianyou998, deep excellent 1029, the excellent Hua Zhanzhong in day any one kind (combination).
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| CN113906883A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 海南大学 | Fertilizing method for nitrogen fertilizer of rice in hot area |
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