CN103183572B - Fertilizer used for acidizing soil - Google Patents
Fertilizer used for acidizing soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103183572B CN103183572B CN201310090195.9A CN201310090195A CN103183572B CN 103183572 B CN103183572 B CN 103183572B CN 201310090195 A CN201310090195 A CN 201310090195A CN 103183572 B CN103183572 B CN 103183572B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer used for acidizing soil. The fertilizer comprises following effective components: a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphatic fertilizer and a potassic fertilizer, wherein a mass ratio of N: P2O5 : K2O is 1:1:1; the nitrogenous fertilizer selects calcium nitrate (containing 12% of N); the phosphatic fertilizer selects calcium magnesium phosphate (containing 15% of P2O5); the potassic fertilizer selects silico-calcium potassic fertilizer (containing 4% of K2O4); the application amount of N, P2O5 and K2O for a peanut field is 6 kg per mu; the fertilizer application amount of N, P2O5 and K2O for apples is 1.7 kg per 100 kg of apples, and the apple yield per mu can refer to a mean value of apple yields of previous three years; and the application amount of N, P2O5 and K2O for winter wheat is 9 kg per mu. The fertilizer can improve pH (potential of hydrogen) of acidized soil (the soil layer depth ranges from 0 to 20 cm) by 0.5-0.7 unit, and improve the yield of crops by 12%-20%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer for acidified soil.
Background technology
Soil acidification is a process relatively slowly under field conditions (factors), soil pH value 1 unit that often declines needs centuries even more than one thousand years usually, and the intensive agriculture production of high investment in the past over 20 years accelerates the acidization of agricultural land soil greatly, there is the phenomenon of remarkable acidifying in main farmland soil types since the eighties in last century, topsoil soils pH decline 0.13-0.80, and causing wheat, corn, peanut and the apple underproduction, disease and pest increases the weight of.The major cause of intensive Farmland Soil Acidification is excessive fertilization, and particularly the excessive of nitrogenous fertilizer is used.
In current agriculture production, the general lime material that uses improves acidified soil, liming fundamentally can not solve the problem of soil acidification, and there are some disadvantageous effects, such as: the water-permeable reducing soil, slow down the growth of pulse family and Non-legume plants, reduce plant absorption phosphorus etc.China's Fertilizer Market nitrogenous fertilizer is based on urea and ammonium nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer market is with monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate are main, potash fertilizer is based on potassium sulfate and Repone K, acidified soil is used these fertilizer, be unfavorable for the improvement of acidified soil, therefore, invent fertilizer special on acidified soil imperative.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizer for acidified soil.
Fertilizer on acidified soil provided by the invention, its effective constituent comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
Described fertilizer also can only be made up of said components.
In above-mentioned fertilizer, described nitrogenous fertilizer is in N element, and described phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter, described potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts;
Described N: P
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 6-37.4: 6-37.4: 6-37.4, is specially 1: 1: 1.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is nitrocalcite, and the mass percentage being specially N is the nitrocalcite of 12%;
Described phosphate fertilizer is fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, is specially P
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%, the content of other main components is respectively: the mass percentage of MgO is the mass percentage of 11%, CaO is 25%, SiO
2mass percentage be 3%;
Described potash fertilizer is silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer, is specially K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%, and the content of other main components is respectively: chelated calcium mass percentage is 30%, SiO
2mass percentage be the mass percentage of 30%, MgO be 3%.
Above-mentioned fertilizer, in the application improved in soil pH value and improving the application in crop yield, all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein, described crop is food crop; Described food crop are selected from least one in peanut and wheat; Described wheat is specially winter wheat; Described fruit is apple.
Concrete, described fertilizer, improving the application in peanut yield, comprising: applied according to following amount of application by described fertilizer: N is 6kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 6kg/ mu, K
2o is 6kg/ mu;
Described applying applies for disposable before peanut seeding, then ploughs.
Concrete, described fertilizer is improving the application in apple production, comprising:
In the fruit tree bud phase, apply described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the sowing amount of described nitrogenous fertilizer is 2/3 of annual total amount of application, and the sowing amount of described phosphate fertilizer is 1/3 of annual total amount of application, and the sowing amount of described potash fertilizer is 1/3 of annual total amount of application;
In fruit expanding period, apply described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the sowing amount of described nitrogenous fertilizer is 1/3 of annual total amount of application, and the sowing amount of described phosphate fertilizer is 2/3 of annual total amount of application, and the sowing amount of described potash fertilizer is 2/3 of annual total amount of application.
Annual total amount of application obtains as follows: the first three years apple production on the acidified soil of statistics apple place, averages, and is then 1.7kg/100kg apple according to N, P
2o
5for 1.7kg/100kg apple, K
2o is that the standard of 1.7kg/100kg apple always uses quantitative statistics.
Method of application is ordinary method, specifically can be radial ditch spread, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 30cm, and fertilizer and soil fully mix, and suitably pour water after fertilising.
Concrete, described fertilizer is improving the application in winter wheat yields, comprising: applied according to following total amount of application by described fertilizer: N is 9kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 9kg/ mu, K
2o is 9kg/ mu;
Describedly apply as applying at twice according to the following time: before winter wheat sowing, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is 40% of total amount of application, phosphorus potash fertilizer all once applies, that is: the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 100% of total amount of application, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is 100% of total amount of application; After being mixed by the material object of required azophoska, after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, plough soil;
Winter wheat period of seedling establishment (specifically can be early April), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is 60% of total amount of application, and by required nitrogenous fertilizer material object with commonly using fertilizer applicator in wheat ditch spread in the ranks, ditch depth 5-6cm, pours water after fertilising;
In above-mentioned fertilising, all conventionally before fertilising, the azophoska of required weight can be mixed, pour water after using or use before rainfall, but the drip washing preventing nitric nitrogen should be noted.
The present invention drops into according to Plant Nutrition nitrogen and transforms the regulation and control scheduling theory of absorption and soil buffer action, have selected the azophoska that can improve soil pH, make nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning suitable, fertilizer morphology is proper, significantly improve resiliency and the pH value of acidified soil (soil depth 0-20cm), and improve crop yield and reach more than 10% on the basis of improving soil pH, there is important using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 applies the regulating and controlling effect of fertilizer to acidified soil pH value in embodiment 1, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 2 applies the impact of fertilizer on peanut yield in embodiment 1, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 3 applies the regulating and controlling effect of fertilizer to acidified soil pH value in embodiment 2, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 4 applies the impact of fertilizer on apple production in embodiment 2, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 5 applies the impact of fertilizer on apple bitter pit sickness rate in embodiment 2, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 6 applies the regulating and controlling effect of fertilizer to acidified soil pH value in embodiment 3, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 7 applies the impact of fertilizer on winter wheat yields in embodiment 3, lowercase represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.In following embodiment, the main component of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate used is as follows: P
2o
5the mass percentage of mass percentage to be the mass percentage of 15%, MgO be 11%, CaO be 25%, SiO
2mass percentage be 3%; Purchased from Jinan Le Xi fertilise company limited.
The main component of silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer used is as follows: K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%, and chelated calcium mass percentage is 30%, SiO
2mass percentage be the mass percentage of 30%, MgO be 3%.Purchased from Shanxi Fu Bangfei industry company limited.
Embodiment 1,
Select the Peanut Fields of soil acidification, test field foundation soil (soil depth 0-20cm) pH value is 5.0, field plot random alignment, and repeat for 4 times, the area of each community is 100m
2.
Before sowing ploughed by peanut, use the fertilizer be made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer selects the mass percentage of N to be the nitrocalcite of 12%, and P selected by phosphate fertilizer
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%, potash fertilizer select K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%;
The amount of application of fertilizer is: N is 6kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 6kg/ mu, K
2o is 6kg/ mu; Spread fertilizer over the fields disposable after the mixing of the azophoska of required weight material object before administration, spread fertilizer over the fields and ploughed, rainfall or sowing after watering;
The rate of fertilizer of contrast is identical with upper with fertilizing method, and only nitrogenous fertilizer is replaced with urea, phosphate fertilizer replaces with diammonium phosphate, and potash fertilizer replaces with Repone K;
In the harvesting peanut phase, soil (soil depth 0-20cm) pH value that measures each community of fetching earth also investigates the output of peanut.Acquired results as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.Soil (soil depth 0-20cm) the pH value average out to 4.9 of check plot, pH value with foundation soil is 5.0 compare and reduce 0.1 unit, and after using fertilizer provided by the invention, soil (soil depth 0-20cm) pH value average out to 5.5, 0.5 unit is improve than foundation soil pH, with between SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05), the peanut yield of check plot is 318.4kg/ mu, after using this fertilizer, output is 376.2kg/ mu, than check plot output increased 18%, with between SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05).
Embodiment 2,
Every 4 strain apple trees are a process community, and repeat for 4 times, random alignment, the area of community is 80m
2.
The fertilizer be made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is used in the apple orchard being 5.2 (soil depth 0-40cm) at soil pH value, and wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer selects the mass percentage of N to be the nitrocalcite of 12%, and P selected by phosphate fertilizer
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%, potash fertilizer select K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%;
Rate of fertilizer is: N is 1.7kg/100kg apple, P
2o
5for 1.7kg/100kg apple, K
2o is 1.7kg/100kg apple.
Every mu of apple production can refer to the mean value of the first three years apple production, and the first three years apple production in this test plot is 2200kg/ mu, and calculate the amount of application of the whole year of azophoska according to apple production, then N is 37.4kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 37.4kg/ mu, K
2o is 37.kg/ mu;
Fertilizing method is application in two dressings, and in the fruit tree bud phase (early April), nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 2/3, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 1/3, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 1/3; In fruit expanding period (mid or late July), nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 1/3, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 2/3, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 2/3;
Each fertilising is radial ditch spread, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 30cm, and fertilizer and soil fully mix, and pour water after fertilising, but need prevent the drip washing of nitric nitrogen.
The rate of fertilizer of contrast is identical with upper with fertilizing method, and only nitrogenous fertilizer is replaced with urea, phosphate fertilizer replaces with diammonium phosphate, and potash fertilizer replaces with potassium sulfate;
Apple measures soil pH value and investigates the output of apple and the sickness rate of bitter pit harvesting time, acquired results as in Figure 3-5:
Soil (soil depth 0-40cm) the pH value average out to 5.0 of check plot, pH value with foundation soil is 5.2 compare and reduce 0.2 unit, and after using fertilizer provided by the invention, soil (soil depth 0-40cm) pH value average out to 5.9, 0.7 unit is improve than foundation soil pH, with between SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05), the apple production of check plot is 2146kg/ mu, after using this fertilizer, output is 2403kg/ mu, than check plot output increased 12%, with between SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05).
The criterion of apple bitter pit morbidity is: apple bitter pit is a kind of physiological disease of apple, ripe later stage reveal any symptoms: pulp first browning under sick pericarp, drying shrinkage is spongy, circular sorrel depression variable color spot is formed gradually in fruit face, later stage disease portion pulp drying shrinkage, Epidermal necrosis, present depression foxiness, tasting disease portion has bitter taste.The sick fruit that bitter pit occurs is defined as and occurs in above-mentioned Disease symptoms any one.
The harvesting time of apple every strain apple tree adopt 10 fruits at random, 4 Zhu Yige communities amount to 40, and add up the sick fruit number of the generation bitter pit of each community, sickness rate is according to following formulae discovery:
Apple bitter pit sickness rate (%)=disease fruit number (individual)/40,
The apple bitter pit sickness rate average out to 23% of check plot, and after using fertilizer provided by the invention, the sickness rate average out to 14% of apple bitter pit, comparatively contrast bitter pit sickness rate to reduce between 9%, SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05).
Embodiment 3,
Select the winter wheat field of soil acidification, test field foundation soil (soil depth 0-20cm) pH value is 5.3, field plot random alignment, and repeat for 4 times, the area of each community is 100m
2.
Before winter wheat sowing and the fertilizer that is made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer of period of seedling establishment application in two dressings, wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer selects the mass percentage of N to be the nitrocalcite of 12%, and P selected by phosphate fertilizer
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%, potash fertilizer select K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%.
Rate of fertilizer is: N is 9kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 9kg/ mu, K
2o is 9kg/ mu;
Fertilizing method is: prior to seeding by 40% of the nitrogenous fertilizer of required weight, all after whole phosphate fertilizer and the mixing of potash fertilizer material object disposablely evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields, and has spread fertilizer over the fields and has ploughed, rainfall or sow after watering; Remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer is applied at period of seedling establishment, by the conventional fertilizer applicator ditch spread of the nitrogenous fertilizer of required weight, ditch depth 5-6cm.
The rate of fertilizer of contrast is identical with upper with fertilizing method, and only nitrogenous fertilizer is replaced with urea, phosphate fertilizer replaces with diammonium phosphate, and potash fertilizer replaces with Repone K;
In winter wheat harvesting time, soil (soil depth 0-20cm) pH value that measures each community of fetching earth also investigates the output of winter wheat.Acquired results as shown in Figures 6 and 7.Soil (soil depth 0-20cm) the pH value average out to 5.2 of check plot, pH value with foundation soil is 5.3 compare and reduce 0.1 unit, and after using fertilizer provided by the invention, soil (soil depth 0-20cm) pH value average out to 5.9, 0.6 unit is improve than foundation soil pH value, with between SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05), the winter wheat yields of check plot is 410kg/ mu, after using this fertilizer, output is 492kg/ mu, than check plot output increased 20%, with between SAS statistical software analyzing and processing in significant difference (P < 0.05).
Claims (3)
1. fertilizer is improving the application in peanut yield, comprising: applied according to following amount of application by fertilizer: N is 6kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 6kg/ mu, K
2o is 6kg/ mu;
Described applying applies for disposable before peanut seeding, then ploughs;
Described fertilizer is made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
Described phosphate fertilizer is fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, is P
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is nitrocalcite, and the mass percentage for N is the nitrocalcite of 12%;
Described potash fertilizer is silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer, is K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is in N element, and described phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter, described potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts.
2. fertilizer is improving the application in apple production, comprising:
In the fruit tree bud phase, apply fertilizer, the sowing amount of described Nitrogen fertilizer is 2/3 of annual total amount of application, and in described fertilizer, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 1/3 of annual total amount of application, and in described fertilizer, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is 1/3 of annual total amount of application;
In fruit expanding period, apply fertilizer, the sowing amount of described Nitrogen fertilizer is 1/3 of annual total amount of application, and in described fertilizer, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is 2/3 of annual total amount of application, and in described fertilizer, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is 2/3 of annual total amount of application;
Annual total amount of application obtains as follows: the first three years apple production on the acidified soil of statistics apple place, averages, and is then 1.7kg/100kg apple according to N, P
2o
5for 1.7kg/100kg apple, K
2o is that the standard of 1.7kg/100kg apple always uses quantitative statistics;
Described fertilizer is made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
Described phosphate fertilizer is fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, is P
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is nitrocalcite, and the mass percentage for N is the nitrocalcite of 12%;
Described potash fertilizer is silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer, is K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is in N element, and described phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter, described potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts.
3. fertilizer is improving the application in winter wheat yields, comprising: applied according to following amount of application by fertilizer: N is 9kg/ mu, P
2o
5for 9kg/ mu, K
2o is 9kg/ mu;
Describedly apply as applying at twice according to the following time:
Before winter wheat sowing, the sowing amount of described Nitrogen fertilizer is 40% of total amount of application, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is disposable applies;
At winter wheat period of seedling establishment, the sowing amount of described Nitrogen fertilizer is 60% of total amount of application;
Described fertilizer is made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
Described phosphate fertilizer is fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, is P
2o
5mass percentage be the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of 15%;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is nitrocalcite, and the mass percentage for N is the nitrocalcite of 12%;
Described potash fertilizer is silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer, is K
2the mass percentage of O is the silicon-calcium-potafertilizer fertilizer of 4%;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is in N element, and described phosphate fertilizer is with P
2o
5meter, described potash fertilizer is with K
2o counts.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310090195.9A CN103183572B (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2013-03-20 | Fertilizer used for acidizing soil |
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| CN103183572B true CN103183572B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104262048B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-06-15 | 湖北祥云(集团)化工股份有限公司 | A kind of alkaline complex fertilizer preventing and improve soil acidification and preparation method thereof |
| CN106212008B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2020-02-21 | 四川农业大学 | Planting method for reducing acidity and increasing sugar of blueberries |
| CN107896789A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 桂林满梓玉农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-yield high-quality apple |
| CN109081721A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-12-25 | 烟台市农业技术推广中心(烟台市国际农发基金项目管理办公室） | A kind of method of administration of acidified soil conditioner in apple cultivation |
| EP3921293A4 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2023-04-05 | Pivot Bio, Inc. | Improved consistency of crop yield through biological nitrogen fixation |
| CN110818470A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-21 | 贵州大学 | Multielement high-efficiency fertilizer for promoting high yield and high quality of plants and fertilizing method |
| CN110959481A (en) * | 2019-12-29 | 2020-04-07 | 河南省土壤肥料站 | Wheat field acid soil improvement and wheat yield increase cultivation method |
| CN118206412A (en) * | 2024-04-12 | 2024-06-18 | 新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司 | Acid-regulating and soil-modifying fertilizer special for fruit trees and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1657507A (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2005-08-24 | 贵州省瓮安兴农磷化工有限责任公司 | Phosphorus potassium silicon magnesium multi-element-mineral fertilizer and its production method |
| CN102452858A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fertilizer composition, fertilizer and preparation method of fertilizer |
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2013
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Patent Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1657507A (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2005-08-24 | 贵州省瓮安兴农磷化工有限责任公司 | Phosphorus potassium silicon magnesium multi-element-mineral fertilizer and its production method |
| CN102452858A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fertilizer composition, fertilizer and preparation method of fertilizer |
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| 陈建军等.施用碱性肥料对酸性土壤改良效果初报.《广西农学报》.2012,第27卷(第6期),第18-20,78页. * |
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