CN104163710A - Fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer special for green vegetables and application of fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer - Google Patents
Fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer special for green vegetables and application of fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular relates to a fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer special for green vegetables and an application of the fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer. The fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer special for the green vegetables, provided by the invention, comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 39-48% of urea, 15-23% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 16-19% of potassium chloride and 15-20% of polyacrylamide (PAM). The fully-water-soluble spraying and drip irrigation formula fertilizer special for the green vegetables, provided by the invention, can be used for increasing the utilization efficiency of green vegetable water and fertilizers and restraining a deterioration trend of greenhouse soil on the basis of selecting a balanced formula fertilizer. Meanwhile, the formula fertilizer can be used for effectively increasing the yield of the green vegetables and improving the quality of the green vegetables so as to ensure that the total weight of free amino acid, vitamin C and total soluble sugars of the green vegetables can be increased, and the nitrate content of the green vegetables can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer field, be specifically related to the special-purpose full water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer of a kind of green vegetables and application thereof.
Background technology
Vegetables, as one of requisite food in people's diet, provide the nutritive substances such as various essential VITAMIN and mineral substance for human body, be people generally acknowledge to healthy and helpful source.Therefore, vegetables industry is not only the leading industry in modern agricultural production, affects especially the vegetables-basket-works of resident living level.The conventional mode of field production that adopts of growing vegetables is carried out, and does not rely on any lagging facility culturing vegetable under natural ecological environment, i.e. outdoor vegetables.But outdoor growing vegetables be subject to season and physical environment limitations affect large, can not anti-season provide vegetables in season to resident.
In recent years, Installation Vegetable Cultivation is artificial or agricultural modernization engineering and mechanical skill as a kind of utilization, build certain facility, for vegetable crop provides the high-quality that the envrionment conditionss such as suitable temperature, light, water, gas carry out, highly efficient and productive planting type, constantly applied.Due to season of Protected Production of Vegetables often open country produce unapproachablely, be conventionally referred to as again off-season cultivation, protection and cultivate etc.Adopt facility cultivation can reach the harm that adverse circumstances such as avoiding low temperature, high temperature, heavy rain, strong illumination is produced vegetables, be widely used in grow seedlings of vegetable, spring in advance and autumn delayed cultivation.Facilities vegetable belongs to high investment, high production, fund, technology and labor-intensive industry.Facilities vegetable high in technological content, the facilities vegetable speed of development and degree, be one of important symbol of a local agricultural modernization level.
At present, along with startup and the foundation of facility leaf vegetables production base engineering, and the Demonstration And Extension of corresponding cultivation techniques, cultivation technique and the quality product of facilities vegetable improve constantly.Yet, because facilities environment is different from open country, apply fertilizer blindly, water, more easily cause horticultural vegetable field soil proterties to worsen, degradation problem under plant nutrition imbalance, quality and the local flavor of vegetables.How, by the in addition scientific and effective coupling of the water in facilities vegetable production process, fertile link, according to the water of vegetables, fertile characteristics of demand, carry out field liquid manure scientific management, become the key of the high-quality and efficient production of restriction facilities vegetable.
Green vegetables, as a kind of daily edible main green vegetable kind, also carrying out facility cultivation exploration and research, how Jiang Shui, fertile management are integrated, when irrigating, realize fertilising, improve the soil water, fertile utilising efficiency, containment facility soil deterioration trend, effectively improve yields of vegetables and quality, remain a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide the special-purpose full water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer of a kind of green vegetables and application thereof, can effectively improve booth green vegetables quality and yield, and effectively improve the utilising efficiency of green vegetables nutrient in the time of infertility and moisture.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer, by percentage to the quality, comprise following component:
Urea 39-48%;
Potassium primary phosphate 15-23%;
Repone K 16-19%;
Polyacrylamide (PAM) 15-20%.
Preferably, the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of described green vegetables of the present invention drip irrigation formula fertilizer is facility green vegetables formula fertilizers.
Described full water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer refer to a kind of can be completely water-soluble be applicable to spray and drip irrigation system in the polyelement composite fertilizer that uses.
Preferably, described urea, potassium primary phosphate, Repone K, polyacrylamide are industrial acceptable end product.It can promote the growth of facility green vegetables after using.
Preferably, described urea No. CAS is 57-13-6; Described potassium primary phosphate be for No. CAS 7778-77-0; Described Repone K be for No. CAS 7447-40-7; Described polyacrylamide be for No. CAS 9003-05-8.
Preferably, described polyacrylamide is non-ionic polyacrylamide.
Preferably, described facility green vegetables formula fertilizer, (contains P by urea (containing N46%), potassium primary phosphate
2o
552%, K
2o34%), Repone K is (containing K
2o63%), polyacrylamide (containing PAM100%) mixes.
Wherein, to account for the mass percent of described formula fertilizer be 18-22% to N; P
2o
5the mass percent that accounts for described formula fertilizer is 8%-12%; K
2the mass percent that O accounts for described formula fertilizer is 15-20%; The mass percent that PAM accounts for described formula fertilizer is 15-20%.
More excellent, contained N:P in described facility green vegetables formula fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass percent of O:PAM is: 1.9:1:1.6:1.5.The promoter action best results of the formula fertilizer of above-mentioned mass percent to green vegetables growth.
In fertilizer of the present invention, for examination nitrogen fertilizers, select the urea that nitrogen content is high.The height of leaf vegetables overground part growing way and output is directly subject to the impact of nitrogen nutrition supply level, selects the urea of high nitrogen-containing can guarantee the demand to nitrogen nutrition in green vegetables time of infertility, promotes green vegetables Fast Growth.
In fertilizer of the present invention, phosphorus element is selected potassium primary phosphate, and its solvability is good, fertilizer efficiency is fast, can meet the demand of green vegetables root system development to phosphorus element, promotes the growth of root system.
Potassium in fertilizer of the present invention usually comes from Repone K and above-mentioned potassium primary phosphate, and enough supplies of potassium nutrition can promote the photosynthesis of green vegetables, improves green vegetables quality, can also improve the resistance of facility green vegetables.
In fertilizer of the present invention, PAM is manured into soil as a kind of water-holding agent, can improve the water retention property of soil, moisturizes and infiltrates, and for the growth of green vegetables provides relatively superior condition, thereby promotes that green vegetables grow, and improves yields of vegetables.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer, for according to each component and the mass percent thereof of described formula fertilizer, all components of formula fertilizer is mixed and is pulverized, and after stirring, obtains.
The present invention further also provides the using method of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) before fertilising, after formula fertilizer component is mixed by its mass percent and pulverizing, stir, dissolve, dilute stand-by afterwards;
2) using as step 1) as described in formula fertilizer at green vegetables seedling replanting previous crops, be that base manure and green vegetables are prosperous long-term as topdressing respectively, and be exerted into soil by spray drip irrigation.
Preferably, as step 1) as described in the water of dissolving, dilution be tap water.
Preferably, as step 1) as described in the water consumption of dissolving, dilution be to add 1000L water in every 1kg formula fertilizer.
Further, in the water consumption of described dissolving, dilution, by total water amount, the water consumption of described dissolving accounts for the 0.5-1% of total water amount, and the water consumption of described dilution accounts for the 99-99.5% of total water amount.Concrete, in every 1kg formula fertilizer, the water consumption of described dissolving is 5-10L water, the water consumption of described dilution is 990-995L water.
Preferably, as step 2) as described in formula fertilizer, by total usage quantity of formula fertilizer, the formula fertilizer using as base manure accounts for the 50-60% of total usage quantity of formula fertilizer, and the formula fertilizer using as topdressing accounts for the 40-50% of total usage quantity of formula fertilizer.
Preferably, as step 2) as described in spray drip irrigation adopt microspray irrigation or drip irrigation technique.Further, the irrigation quota of described spray drip irrigation is 20m
3/ mu, be 4 days/time irrigation frequency.
Preferably, the consumption of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of described green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is 6-8kg/ mu.
The present invention finally discloses the purposes of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of above-mentioned green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer in green vegetables cultivation.
Preferably, described purposes is that the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of above-mentioned green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is in the purposes of facility green vegetables cultivation field.
The present invention is by the research to green vegetables formula fertilizer and application process, the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is provided, selecting on the basis of balance formula fertilizer, use formula fertilizer of the present invention and make green vegetables moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium utilization efficiency improve respectively 9.2%, 47.9%, 30.0% and 38.7%, containment facility soil deterioration trend.Meanwhile, formula fertilizer of the present invention effectively improves the output of green vegetables, after reality fertilising, has improved plant height, the number of blade, the leaf area of green vegetables harvesting times, and makes green vegetables individual plant weight raising 5.6%, per mu yield increase more than 4.0%.In addition, formula fertilizer of the present invention effectively improves the quality of green vegetables, total free aminoacids total amount, vitamins C and the total Soluble Sugar of green vegetables is all improved, and the nitrate content of green vegetables is significantly reduced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the special-purpose full water-soluble spray drip irrigation formula fertilizer Production Flow Chart of a kind of green vegetables and using method schematic diagram
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention, should be understood that these embodiment are only not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.
Below, by specific specific examples explanation embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily by the disclosed content of this specification sheets.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by other different embodiment, and the every details in this specification sheets also can be based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modifications or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, the preparation of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of green vegetables drip irrigation fertilizer
1) quantitatively take granular urea 450kg, potassium primary phosphate 220kg, Repone K 165kg, polyacrylamide 165kg; By percentage to the quality, urea is 45%, potassium primary phosphate is 22%, Repone K 16.5%, polyacrylamide 16.5%; Wherein, polyacrylamide is anionic polyacrylamide.
2), in as above ratio mixing, abundant stirring and evenly mixing is the green vegetables formula fertilizer of 1000kg after crushed.
3) by formula fertilizer by adding 5L water dissolution in every 1kg formula fertilizer, and add after the dilution of 995L water, for spray drip irrigation system, directly use, wherein, as the usage quantity of the formula fertilizer of base manure, account for formula fertilizer total usage quantity 60%, as the usage quantity of the formula fertilizer topdressing, account for described formula fertilizer total usage quantity 40%.
In the green vegetables formula fertilizer that as above ratio is mixed to get, wherein approximately containing macronutrient (N+P
2o
5+ K
2o) 50%, wherein nitrogen (N) 21%, phosphorus (P
2o
5) 11%, potassium (K
2o) 18%; Three essential fertilizer ratio (N:P
2o
5: K
2o) be 1.9:1:1.6, PAM content is about 17%.
2, experimental technique
On booth green vegetables, carried out regional correlation test, in contrast, fertilizer treatment is not organized CK as blank to adopt conventional fertilizer application (21-8-11 composite fertilizer, purchased from the Shi Ma board composite fertilizer of BASF AG), and special formula fertilizer of the present invention is experimental group.
Fertilizer, water consumption and using method: in the present invention, formula fertilizer and conventional compound manure total fertilization amount are all by 6kg/ mu; Controlled irrigation total amount, fertilizer be take base manure as main, topdresses 1 time.Conventional compound manure manually spreads fertilizer over the fields, and formula fertilizer adopts drip irrigation fertilising, and before transplanting, base is executed once and imposed once for a long time with prosperous respectively.The total amount of pouring water is all by 20m
3/ mu meter, be 4 days/time irrigation frequency; Other cultivations and field management, the present invention with contrast measure strict conformance.
Experimental group of the present invention, control group and the every processing of blank group repeat for 3 times, totally 9 communities, every zone leader 12m, wide 1.5m.Green vegetables kind is blue or green No. 2 of new summer, adopts culturing and transplanting seedlings, and plantation density is 270 strains/community.Transplant August 10 date, September 20 gathered.For examination soil pH 5.62, specific conductivity 0.08ms/cm, organic 3.13%, total salt 1.33%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium are respectively 210.19,150.08,421.04mg/kg.
3, experimental result
3.1 output experimental results
Table 1 has shown green vegetables plant harvesting time growing way (plant height, the number of blade and leaf area).Formula fertilizer of the present invention is in green vegetables plant height harvesting time, the number of blade, leaf area all higher than the conventional fertilizer application of control group and the blank of not applying fertilizer, and wherein the difference of plant height and leaf area reaches conspicuous level, and the quality of green vegetables gets a promotion.
Known by data in table 2, formula fertilizer of the present invention has good action to improving yields of vegetables, contrast and compares with conventional fertilizer application, and using formula fertilizer of the present invention, that green vegetables individual plant is brought up again is high by 5.6%, and every mu of ultimate production increase of green vegetables is more than 4.0%.
Table 1 different fertilization green vegetables plant height harvesting time, the number of blade and leaf area
| Process | Plant height (cm) | The number of blade | Leaf area (cm 2) |
| Conventional fertilizer application | 28.5±0.4b | 21.4±0.4a | 540.2±20.7b |
| Green vegetables special formula fertilizer | 32.4±1.2a | 22.5±0.2a | 602.5±35.2a |
| CK | 27.4±0.6b | 16.1±0.2a | 528.5±22.6b |
Table 2 different fertilization yields of vegetables changes
| Process | Individual plant heavy (g) | Output (kg/ mu) | Than CK volume increase (%) |
| Conventional fertilizer application | 428.5±30.4a | 1654.1±52.4a | 23.12 |
| Green vegetables special formula fertilizer | 452.4±28.6a | 1720.3±59.7a | 28.04 |
| CK | 417.4±24.6a | 1343.5±40.7b | - |
3.2 quality experimental results
Table 3 different fertilization green vegetables quality parameter
As can be seen from Table 3, formula fertilizer of the present invention can improve green vegetables quality, and total free aminoacids total amount, vitamins C and the total Soluble Sugar of green vegetables are all improved.Although fertilizer treatment increases the nitrate content of green vegetables, than conventional fertilizer application, use formula fertilizer of the present invention and can make the nitrate content of green vegetables significantly reduce.According to the sanitary edible grade scale of vegetables edible part nitrate content, this test is under the space management condition of not applying fertilizer, and in green vegetables blade, nitrate content is secondary (< 785mgkg
-1), in salt marsh and permission prepared food safety range, use formula fertilizer of the present invention and conventional fertilizer application contrast, in green vegetables blade, nitrate content is three grades of (< 1440mgkg
-1), all in allowing prepared food safety range.
3.3 utilising efficiency experimental results
According to plant water use efficiency and nutrientuse efficiency formula, calculate respectively the water of green vegetables under different fertilization, fertile utilising efficiency.Calculation formula is as follows:
(1) plant water use efficiency=dry-matter accumulation amount/transpiration rate * 100%;
(2) plant nutrition utilising efficiency=(fertilization area nutrition absorption amount-Wu Fei district nutrition absorption amount)/nutrient sowing amount * 100%.
Known by data in table 4, formula fertilizer of the present invention can improve green vegetables liquid manure utilising efficiency, contrast and compare with conventional fertilizer application, use formula fertilizer of the present invention and make green vegetables moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium utilization efficiency improve respectively 9.2%, 47.9%, 30.0%, 38.7%.
The water of table 4 different fertilization green vegetables, fertile utilising efficiency
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all can, under spirit of the present invention and category, modify or change above-described embodiment.Therefore, such as in affiliated technical field, have and conventionally know that the knowledgeable, not departing from all equivalence modifications that complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought or changing, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose full water-soluble of green vegetables sprays a drip irrigation formula fertilizer, by percentage to the quality, comprises following component:
Urea 39-48%;
Potassium primary phosphate 15-23%;
Repone K 16-19%;
Polyacrylamide 15-20%.
2. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 1 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that, the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of described green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is facility green vegetables formula fertilizers.
3. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 1 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that, described polyacrylamide is non-ionic polyacrylamide.
4. according to the preparation method of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of the arbitrary described a kind of green vegetables of claim 1-3 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, for according to each component and the mass percent thereof of described formula fertilizer, the all components of formula fertilizer is mixed and pulverized, after stirring, obtain.
5. according to the using method of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of the arbitrary described a kind of green vegetables of claim 1-3 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) before fertilising, after formula fertilizer component is mixed by its mass percent and pulverizing, stir, dissolve, dilute stand-by afterwards;
2) using as step 1) as described in formula fertilizer at green vegetables seedling replanting previous crops, be that base manure and green vegetables are prosperous long-term as topdressing respectively, and be exerted into soil by spray drip irrigation.
6. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 5 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that step 1) in, the water consumption of described dissolving, dilution is to add 1000L water in every 1kg formula fertilizer.
7. the special-purpose full water-soluble of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 5 sprays drip irrigation formula fertilizer, it is characterized in that, step 2) in, by total usage quantity of formula fertilizer, the formula fertilizer using as base manure accounts for the 50-60% of total usage quantity of formula fertilizer, and the formula fertilizer using as topdressing accounts for the 40-50% of total usage quantity of formula fertilizer.
8. the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 5 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that step 2) in, described spray drip irrigation is microspray irrigation or drip irrigation; The irrigation quota of described spray drip irrigation is 20m
3/ mu, be 4 days/time irrigation frequency.
9. according to the special-purpose full water-soluble of the arbitrary described a kind of green vegetables of claim 1-3, spray the purposes of drip irrigation formula fertilizer in green vegetables cultivation.
10. the purposes of the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of a kind of green vegetables according to claim 9 drip irrigation formula fertilizer, is characterized in that, described purposes is that the special-purpose full water-soluble spray of described green vegetables drip irrigation formula fertilizer is in the purposes of facility green vegetables cultivation field.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109776239A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-21 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of complex fertilizer and its method of administration promoting romaine lettuce nutritional quality |
| US11051464B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2021-07-06 | Luonnonvarakeskus | Reduction of nitrate content in plants |
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| CN109776239A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-21 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of complex fertilizer and its method of administration promoting romaine lettuce nutritional quality |
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Application publication date: 20141126 |