CN100513363C - Special fertilizer for northeast corn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for northeast corn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100513363C CN100513363C CNB2007100652289A CN200710065228A CN100513363C CN 100513363 C CN100513363 C CN 100513363C CN B2007100652289 A CNB2007100652289 A CN B2007100652289A CN 200710065228 A CN200710065228 A CN 200710065228A CN 100513363 C CN100513363 C CN 100513363C
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Abstract
A fertilizer dedicated for the corn in northeast China contains N fertilizer (24-26 Wt portions), P fertilizer (14-16) and K fertilizer (8-11). Its advantages are balanced nutrients, high utilization rate and low cost. Its preparing process is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of dedicated release-controlled bulk blended fertilizer that is suitable for China the Northeast corn single fertilization and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The Northeast's (comprising Jilin, Liaoning, Heilungkiang and east, Inner Mongol) is China most important spring maize producing region.This area's corn generally in sowing by the end of April, gather in the crops by September.Conventional fertilization mode is to chase after (typhon mouth phase) in an end (before broadcasting) one.In recent years, on the one hand because the rural laborer shifts, because the typhon mouth phase topdresses and can cause that plant height is too high to be not suitable for mechanized, and at high temperature carry out very difficulty of artificially applying fertilizer summer on the other hand, therefore, the peasant generally adopts single fertilization.Single fertilization is meant in conjunction with whole ground in spring, once whole fertilizer (mostly being high-nitrogen compound fertilizer greatly) applied earthing behind the furrow, and fertilization depth is generally 10-15cm, the fertilizing method that no longer topdresses in the whole growing.
In recent years, the area of the Northeast's corn planting district single fertilization is increasing, and according to investigations, corn single fertilization area accounts for 60% of the total cultivated area of Jilin Province maize, and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has become the main body in the Northeast composite fertilizer market.But, find that in field investigation and scientific effort there is following problem in the Northeast's corn single fertilization: 1. disposable high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (the general 500-600kg/hm that uses in a large number
2), easily cause the too high inhibition growth of seedling of root district nutrient density in seedling stage, even " burning seedling " phenomenon occurs; 2. spring windy and dry, topsoil Different Nitrogen Concentration height very easily causes ammonia loss by volatilization, has the danger of nitrogen to the following leaching of root layer soil again after wet season of summer is arrived, and nitrogen utilization efficiency is reduced; 3. high nitrogen readily avaiable fertilizer all discharges early stage, and the later stage often supplies nitrogen hunger, thereby is prone to nitrogen stress jaundice (custom claims " denitrogenation ") phenomenon; 4. the proportioning of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition is improper in the various fertilizer of selling at present on the market, causes utilization rate of fertilizer not high.
However, simplify the actual demand of production operation because single fertilization has satisfied the peasant, so still have very strong vitality.At present, press for performance, to satisfy the corn with high yield demand and to improve the utilising efficiency of nutrient at the existing fertilizer of production need for improved.
Chinese patent " long-acting corn fertilizer and method for making thereof " (96115064.5) special permission discloses a kind of long-acting corn fertilizer and manufacture method thereof, and its principal feature is that the nitrogen that adopts nitrogen synergistic agent (urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor) to slow down urea discharges.But existing The experimental results shows that the inhibition effect of urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor is difficult to period of greater than two months, and effect is extremely unstable simultaneously.
China Agricultural University is on the basis of introducing international advanced fertilising theory, the nutrient resource integrated management theory and technology that propose to be fit to " nitrogen is monitored in real time, the monitoring of phosphorus potassium constant " of China's fertilizer nutrient management, and through the actual verification on the field piece yardstick for many years, prove that this technology can not only stable high yield, can also reduce fertilizer loss, increase operation rate.According to the real-time monitoring technique thinking of nitrogen, the supply of nitrogen in time should be consistent to nutrient demand with corn, can realize by two kinds of approach, the one, impose nitrogenous fertilizer by stages, the 2nd, utilize modern controlled-release technology to make dedicated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer as requested: according to phosphorus, potassium constant monitoring technique thinking, phosphorus, potash fertilizer consumption can be determined according to fertilization area soil available phosphorus potassium content.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of dedicated release-controlled bulk blended fertilizer that is suitable for China the Northeast corn single fertilization.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of special fertilizer for northeast corn, it is made up of following components by weight portion: nitrogenous fertilizer 24-26 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-16 part and potash fertilizer 8-11 part.
In above-mentioned fertilizer formula, the ratio of weight and number of described each component is preferably: 25 parts in nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts in 15 parts in phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
The selection of described nitrogenous fertilizer is diversified, as urea, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia or ammonium sulfate etc., is preferably urea.
Polymer coated controlled release urea that described urea can days be discharged by common urea, 50-70 and the polymer coated controlled release urea that discharged in 70-100 days be formed, and providing release rate different nitrogens, thereby satisfy corn in the demand of different growing stage to nitrogenous fertilizer.The adding proportion of the control release urea of described common urea, 50-70 days release and the control release urea that discharged in 70-100 days can be 10-14:2-6:3-5, is preferably 12:4:4.
Described phosphate fertilizer can be selected from one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.When phosphate fertilizer is the mixture of above-mentioned multiple phosphate fertilizer, can carry out matched combined according to practical situation, adding proportion can be selected arbitrarily.
Described potash fertilizer can be vitriolate of tartar and/or Repone K.When potash fertilizer is the mixture of above-mentioned two kinds of potash fertilizer, can carry out matched combined according to practical situation, adding proportion can be selected arbitrarily.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer.
Preparation method provided by the present invention is with following components by weight portion: nitrogenous fertilizer 24-26 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-16 part and potash fertilizer 8-11 part mixing obtain fertilizer product.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer, the ratio of weight and number of described each component is preferably: 25 parts in nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts in 15 parts in phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
The selection of described nitrogenous fertilizer is diversified, as urea, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia or ammonium sulfate etc., is preferably urea.
Described urea can comprise commercially available common urea, the polymer coated controlled release urea of 50-70 days release and the polymer coated controlled release urea that discharged in 70-100 days; The adding proportion of the control release urea of described common urea, 50-70 days release and the control release urea that discharged in 70-100 days is 10-14:2-6:3-5, is preferably 12:4:4.
Described phosphate fertilizer can be selected from one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.When phosphate fertilizer is the mixture of above-mentioned multiple phosphate fertilizer, can carry out matched combined according to practical situation, adding proportion can be selected arbitrarily.
Described potash fertilizer can be vitriolate of tartar and/or Repone K.When potash fertilizer is the mixture of above-mentioned two kinds of potash fertilizer, can carry out matched combined according to practical situation, adding proportion can be selected arbitrarily.
The invention provides a kind of special fertilizer for northeast corn.The present invention be directed to the problem that the Northeast's corn single fertilization exists, nutrient resource integrated management theory and technology according to " nitrogen is monitored in real time, phosphorus potassium constant monitoring ", according to the Northeast's corn nutrient demand characteristics and soil nutrient feature, rationally determine nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio in the bulk blended fertilizer, and according to the conditions of the current stage of the Northeast's corn nitrogen demand, adopt the urea of different rates of release to be mixed, realize the synchronous of nitrogen demand and nitrogen supply, with the dedicated release-controlled Bulk Blending Fertilizer of this northeast corn single fertilization that designs, prepares.The present invention has the following advantages:
1) two kinds of polymer coated controlled release urea that release period is different have been added, form three grades of releases of nitrogen to satisfy the demand of corn whole growing to nitrogen, the centre need not impose nitrogenous fertilizer, thereby can guarantee the nitrogen supply in corn growth later stage effectively, avoid the drawback that common high-nitrogen compound fertilizer early stage (seedling stage) is too much for nitrogen, the later stage supplies nitrogen hunger, promptly avoided burning in earlier stage seedling, later stage denitrogenation and nutrient imbalance problems such as (nitrogen in the common high-nitrogen compound fertilizer prescription, phosphorus, potassium ratio do not meet local production demand);
2) according to the supply situation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition in the NORTHEAST REGION IN region soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition proportioning that corn is determined the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition and a large amount of field fertilizer test result, nutrient balance is used, and has improved fertilizer utilization ratio, and safety, environmental protection;
3) the similar relatively slow controlled release product of production cost is lower, and common relatively high nitrogen Bulk Blending Fertilizer cost only increases about 150 yuan, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer on average improves 7%, help the peasant the saving of labor, increase production and increase income.
The present invention has higher actual application value for the raising of the applying fertilizers scientifically of northeast corn, utilization rate of fertilizer provides an effective solution route, and market outlook are wide.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment
Method therefor is ordinary method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
The preparation of embodiment 1, the Northeast's corn fertilizer
One, the acquisition of the prescription of the Northeast's corn fertilizer
1, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer determination of ratio in the Northeast's corn fertilizer
According to the higher relatively situation of nitrogen in the NORTHEAST REGION IN region soil, phosphorus, potassium nutrition deliverability, corn demand and a large amount of field fertilizer test result, press average criterion output 11,000kg/hm to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition
2Calculate, determine that the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is respectively 150-180kg/hm
2, 90-110kg/hm
2, 60-75kg/hm
2, thus, with nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer (N in the special fertilizer for northeast corn of the present invention; P
2O
5: K
2O) ratio of weight and number is decided to be 24-26:14-16:8-11, is preferably 25:15:10.
2, the determining of nitrogenous fertilizer fertilizer releasing period and consumption in the Northeast's corn fertilizer
With urea is example, determine nitrogenous fertilizer fertilizer releasing period and consumption in the Northeast's corn fertilizer with following method: on the basis of further investigation northeast soil supplying nutrient capability and corn nutrient demand, determine the urea ratio of different release periods, wherein, common urea can be supplied the early stage nitrogen of corn and the whole growing demand to nitrogen; Release period be 50-70 days polyester coated release-controlled urea can supply corn growth mid-term the demand to nitrogen; Release period is that 70-100 days polyester coated release-controlled urea can be supplied the demand of corn later stage to nitrogen.By the collocation of quick-acting nitrogens and controlled release nitrogen, supply nitrogenous fertilizer synchronously.By analysis, the mineralising amount of the Northeast's corn growth stage soil is about 40-60kg/hm
2, and mostly occur in the growth middle and later periods.Therefore, required nitrogen is mainly by the instant nitrogenousfertilizer supply before the corn jointing stage, jointing-trumpet period is mainly by the control release urea of release period weak point and residual instant nitrogenousfertilizer supply, and mainly satisfied by the control release urea of release period length and the mineralising of Soil Nitrogen trumpet period-harvesting time.Thus, in the special fertilizer for northeast corn of the present invention common urea, release period be 50-70 days be that the blending ratios of polyester coated release-controlled urea of 2 kinds of different controlled release phases of 70-100 days is defined as 10-14:2-6:3-5 with release period, be preferably 12:4:4.
Two, the preparation of the Northeast's corn fertilizer
Take by weighing moisture content less than 8% raw material: release period 50-70 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 42%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. or large group of Nintaus) 120kg, release period 70-100 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 41%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. and large group of Nintaus) 125kg, common big grain urea (N content: 245kg 46%), monoammonium phosphate (N content: P 12%,
2O
5Content: 44%) 343kg and granule potassium chloride (K
2O content: 167kg 60%), with material machinery mixing, obtain the Northeast's corn fertilizer, press the 50kg pack.
Three, the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer detects
The fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer of step 2 preparation is detected in the field, and concrete grammar is: before the sowing on the corn ridge middle part trench digging once evenly apply the Northeast of the present invention corn fertilizer, rate of fertilizer application is 550-650kg/hm
2, the about 15cm of fertilization depth looks depth of planting and adds a cover small amount of soil, makes seed and fertilizer separate that (note: product of the present invention can not be done seed manure and use, and must separate with seed during use.), sowing then (perhaps evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in last 1 year corn furrow before the sowing, whole ground when falling the ridge turns over fertilizer and subdues the new ridge of formation, then at the ridge upper seeding wheel) after corn is ripe, is added up output, and this field test was carried out 2 years continuously.
The field test results in 2 years shows, compare with peasant household fertilising, in equal rate of fertilizer application or be lower than under the situation of peasant habit fertilising, per hectare is on average increased production the 230kg corn, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 7%, prove that the Northeast of the present invention corn fertilizer can significantly improve maize yield, is applicable to the Northeast's maize planting.
The preparation of embodiment 2, the Northeast's corn fertilizer and fertilizer efficiency detect
One, the preparation of the Northeast's corn fertilizer
Take by weighing moisture content less than 8% raw material: release period 50-70 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 42%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. and large group of Nintaus) 140kg, release period 70-100 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 40%, available from the effective company of initiative new-type fertilizer science and technology) 140kg, common big grain urea (N content: 180kg 46%), diammonium phosphate (N content: P 18%,
2O
5Content: 46%) 373kg and granule potassium chloride (K
2O content: 167kg 60%), with material machinery mixing, obtain the Northeast's corn fertilizer, press the 50kg pack.
Two, the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer detects
Detect the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer of step 2 preparation with the field test identical with embodiment 1.The field test results in 2 years shows, compare with peasant household fertilising, in equal rate of fertilizer application or be lower than under the situation of peasant habit fertilising, per hectare is on average increased production the 246.5kg corn, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 7.5%, prove that the Northeast of the present invention corn fertilizer can significantly improve maize yield, is applicable to the Northeast's maize planting.
The preparation of embodiment 3, the Northeast's corn fertilizer and fertilizer efficiency detect
One, the preparation of the Northeast's corn fertilizer
Take by weighing moisture content less than 8% raw material: release period 50-70 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 42%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. and large group of Nintaus) 134kg, release period 70-100 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 40%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. and large group of Nintaus) 134kg, common big grain urea (N content: 306kg 46%), monoammonium phosphate (N content: P 12%,
2O
5Content: 44%) 358kg and granular potassium sulfate (K
2O content: 167kg 54%), with material machinery mixing, obtain the Northeast's corn fertilizer, press the 50kg pack.
Two, the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer detects
Detect the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer of step 2 preparation with the field test identical with embodiment 1.The field test results in 2 years shows, compare with peasant household fertilising, in equal rate of fertilizer application or be lower than under the situation of peasant habit fertilising, per hectare is on average increased production the 263kg corn, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 8%, prove that the Northeast of the present invention corn fertilizer can significantly improve maize yield, is applicable to the Northeast's maize planting.
The preparation of embodiment 4, the Northeast's corn fertilizer and fertilizer efficiency detect
One, the preparation of the Northeast's corn fertilizer
Take by weighing moisture content less than 8% raw material: release period 50-70 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 42%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. and large group of Nintaus) 134kg, release period 70-100 days coated release-controlled urea (N content: 40%, can buy from initiative new-type fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. and large group of Nintaus) 134kg, common big grain urea (N content: 200kg 46%), monoammonium phosphate (N content: P 12%,
2O
5Content: 112kg 44%), diammonium phosphate (N content: P 18%,
2O
5Content: 100kg 46%), double superhosphate (P
2O
5Content: 100kg 48%), granule potassium chloride (K
2O content: 50%) 120kg and granular potassium sulfate (K
2O content: 50kg 54%), with material machinery mixing, obtain the Northeast's corn fertilizer, press the 50kg pack.
Two, the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer detects
Detect the fertilizer efficiency of the Northeast's corn fertilizer of step 2 preparation with the field test identical with embodiment 1.The field test results in 2 years shows, compare with peasant household fertilising, in equal rate of fertilizer application or be lower than under the situation of peasant habit fertilising, per hectare is on average increased production the 276.5kg corn, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 8.5%, prove that the Northeast of the present invention corn fertilizer can significantly improve maize yield, is applicable to the Northeast's maize planting.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of special fertilizer for northeast corn, it is made up of following components by weight portion: nitrogenous fertilizer 24-26 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-16 part and potash fertilizer 8-11 part; Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea;
Described urea is made up of common urea, the polymer coated controlled release urea of 50-70 days release and the polymer coated controlled release urea that discharged in 70-100 days; The weight ratio of the control release urea of described common urea, 50-70 days release and the control release urea that discharged in 70-100 days is 10-14:2-6:3-5.
2, fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the ratio of weight and number of each component is in the described fertilizer: 25 parts in nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts in 15 parts in phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
3, fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is selected from one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar and/or Repone K.
5, a kind of method for preparing the described fertilizer of claim 1 is with following components by weight portion: nitrogenous fertilizer 24-26 part, and phosphate fertilizer 14-16 part and potash fertilizer 8-11 part mixing obtain fertilizer product; Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea;
Described urea is made up of common urea, the polymer coated controlled release urea of 50-70 days release and the polymer coated controlled release urea that discharged in 70-100 days; The weight ratio of the control release urea of described common urea, 50-70 days release and the control release urea that discharged in 70-100 days is 10-14:2-6:3-5.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the ratio of weight and number of each component is in the described fertilizer: 25 parts in nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts in 15 parts in phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
7, according to claim 5 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is selected from one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
8, according to claim 5 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that: described potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar and/or Repone K.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100652289A CN100513363C (en) | 2007-04-06 | 2007-04-06 | Special fertilizer for northeast corn and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100652289A CN100513363C (en) | 2007-04-06 | 2007-04-06 | Special fertilizer for northeast corn and preparation method thereof |
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| CN100513363C true CN100513363C (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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