CN104945203A - Special rubber tree fertilizer for promoting high and stable yields, and fertilization method of fertilizer - Google Patents
Special rubber tree fertilizer for promoting high and stable yields, and fertilization method of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HEPPIYNOUFWEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphinothioylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNP(N)(N)=S HEPPIYNOUFWEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- LXKCHCXZBPLTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CC1=CNN=C1C LXKCHCXZBPLTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000263 Rubber seed oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000008167 Magnesium Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000004764 magnesium deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001417105 Clupea pallasii Species 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001479588 Packera glabella Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940090496 Urease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical group N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002601 urease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- VQTVFIMEENGCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole Chemical compound CC=1C=NNC=1C VQTVFIMEENGCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000286663 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011890 leaf development Effects 0.000 description 1
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical class O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010090 natural rubber production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special rubber tree fertilizer for promoting high and stable yields, and a fertilization method of the fertilizer. The special rubber tree fertilizer comprises the following active ingredients in parts by mass: 11-15 parts of nitrogen, 7-12 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 8-18 parts of potassium oxide, 2-4 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.2-0.4 parts of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, 0.1-0.2 parts of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 3.6-4.8 parts of organic matter; and the total nutrient content is 41.6-43%. The fertilization method comprises the steps that a fertilizer trench is dug; a conventional commercial organic fertilizer or farmyard manure is applied; the special rubber tree fertilizer is applied after several months; earthing is performed; and green manuring fertility is performed matched with crabrooting hilling and forest vegetation management. The fertilizer creates a loose, fertile, wet and ventilated soil environment for a rubber tree, and continuously and stably provides nutrients. After the special rubber tree fertilizer is applied, a nutrient deficiency symptom of the rubber tree is alleviated; the nutrients overall trend to balance; and the rubber yield is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to a kind of the rubber tree special fertilizer and the fertilizing method thereof that promote stable high yield.
Background technology
Natural rubber is the restrictive resource of a kind of important strategy.Yunnan is the first natural rubber production base of China, and the end of the year 2013 planted glue area and reach 831.45 ten thousand mu, wherein opens rubber tapping garden area 393.93 ten thousand mu.The rational application of fertilizer is one of the important technique measure of rubber tree fast-growing, high yield, stable yields.The nutrient formula of rubber tree special fertilizer be according to various places Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation, gum growth and produce glue to the feature of nutritional needs fixed, nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, fertilizer Composite, fertilizer efficiency is longer, uses more convenient.
Rubber plantation, Yunnan is typical mountain region plantation, and the gradient is large, and dry rainy season is clearly demarcated, and nutrient is easily with runoff or leaching loss; Topography and geomorphology is complicated, and woodland miniclimate is changeable; Soil type is enriched, and deeply, strongly, magnesium deficiency yellowtop easily appears in part plantation for desiliconization and allitization process for weathering and pedogenesis.Compared with other Zhi Jiao districts domestic and international, weather condition, soil type and rubber plantation nutrient situation obvious difference, the achievement in research of different areas has irreplaceability.Rubber tree is perennial cash crop, and because rubber tree growth is fixing, produces glue, upgrade the difference taken away in nutrient and fertilising, level of management, rubber plantation nutritional status is in continuous change, and Spatial Variability is larger.Particularly since the rubber tapping of Yunnan Zhi Jiao district large-scale promotion ethrel stimulation, along with unit surface dry incineration method increases considerably, accelerated Rubber Plant Nutrient and run off, foster and apply fertilizer administrative skill and new tapping system under traditional tapping system have mismatched and have overlapped.The fertilizer application formula of rubber tree has significantly ageing, continues to use the fertilizer application formula that findings of the survey many years ago propose, fertilising of can not well having suited the medicine to the illness; And the fertilizer formula used at present is too numerous and diverse.Rubber tree formula fertilizer and the corresponding fertilization method of research and development applicable Zhi Jiao district, Yunnan status in different nutritional status are applied in production, seem particularly important and very urgent.
Summary of the invention
After the rubber tapping of Zhi Jiao district large-scale promotion ethrel stimulation, the problems such as nutrient of rubber plantation loss is serious, the invention provides a kind of the rubber tree special fertilizer and the fertilizing method thereof that promote stable high yield.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposal: a kind of rubber tree special fertilizer promoting stable high yield, its effective constituent comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic=(11 ~ 15): (7 ~ 12): (8 ~ 18): (2 ~ 4): (0.2 ~ 0.4): (0.1 ~ 0.2): (3.6 ~ 4.8), total nutrient content is that 41.6 ~ 43%(does not comprise N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and 3, the nutrient that 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt provides).
The each effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer of described promotion stable high yield in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:10:12:2:0.2:0.1:4, total nutrient content is 43%.
The each effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer of described promotion stable high yield in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:12:8:3:0.4:0.2:3.6, total nutrient content is 41.6%.
The each effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer of described promotion stable high yield in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=11:7:18:2:0.2:0.1:4.5, total nutrient content is 42.5%.
The each effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer of described promotion stable high yield in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:8:10:4:0.3:0.15:4.8, total nutrient content is 41.8%.
Nitrogen in above-mentioned formula can by urea or/and monoammonium phosphate provides; Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES can be provided by P contained compounds such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate; Potassium oxide can be provided by the potassium-containing compound such as Repone K or potassium sulfate; Magnesium oxide can be provided by magnesium-containing compounds such as magnesium sulfate heptahydrates; Organic matter can be provided after fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed by local distinctive industry wastes such as sugared mud, rubber seed oil meals.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are rubber tree nutrition three elements.Nitrogen promotes rubber tree leaf development, leaf dark green and thicker, and photosynthesis is strong; Rubber tree growth is very fast, and stem is thick, and bark is ruddy rich tender, and latex dust columns is many, and product glue ability is strong.Phosphorus improves rubber tree drought resistance and winter hardiness, plays an important role, can promote the mechanical stability of dry glue in latex forming process.Potassium can improve that rubber tree is disease-resistant, wind resistance and tolerance to cold, and Reinforced Rubber tree produces glue, binder removal ability, improves latex stability, is conducive to binder removal, not easily early solidifying.Magnesium can improve the cold hardiness of rubber tree, and magnesium deficiency there will be Pacific herring bone shape yellowtop, makes it grow and produce glue to be obstructed.N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, as urease inhibitor, delays the hydrolysis of urea, reduces the volatilization loss of ammonia, makes hydrolysis of urea product more remain in soil with ammonium nitrogen form, delayed nitrification process.3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt, as nitrification inhibitor, is specifically designed to the activity reducing nitrite bacteria in soil, suppress its growth and breeding, hinder ammonium nitrogen to transform to nitrite nitrogen, affect the conversion of nitrite nitrogen to nitric nitrogen, thus suppress the carrying out of whole nitrification.Decrease the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer because of denitrification simultaneously, reduce the topsoil that nitrous oxide emission causes.Organic matter can improve soil physics, chemistry and biological nature, vegetable soil, culture fertility.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method promoting the rubber tree special fertilizer of stable high yield, through following each step:
(1) ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer is dug;
In (2) 1 ~ February, in each ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer, apply customary commercial fertilizer or the farm manure of 10 ~ 15kg, and the dry branches and fallen leaves of planting adhesive tape is applied foster and apply fertilizer in ditch, then blinding;
(3) 4 ~ Mays were 0.8 ~ 1.2kg by the rate of fertilizer application of annual every strain rubber tree, applied rubber tree special fertilizer fostering and apply fertilizer in ditch, and blinding; Wherein, its effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic=(11 ~ 15): (7 ~ 12): (8 ~ 18): (2 ~ 4): (0.2 ~ 0.4): (0.1 ~ 0.2): (3.6 ~ 4.8), total nutrient content is 41.6 ~ 43%;
In (4) 8 ~ September, coordinate crab rooting ridging and understory species to manage, the Altitude control of understory species, at below 50cm, will plant the weeds of adhesive tape and the understory species under cradling applies ditch green manuring of fostering and apply fertilizer.
The ditch ditching in the usual way of fostering and apply fertilizer of described step (1) is namely carry out digging ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer in the strain of rubber tree between-line spacing in the mild rubber plantation of landform; Or, be carry out digging ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer every strain at terraced fields inwall in the rubber plantation of hillside terraced fields; Rotation in 2 to three years is once fostered and apply fertilizer the position of ditch.
Foster and apply fertilizer in described step (1) ditch length and width, be deeply respectively 100,40,40 centimetres.
The present invention is based on the special weather condition of Yunnan Mountains plantation, complicated topography and geomorphology, abundant soil type, with reference to Rubber plantation soils type and fertility characteristic, consider the situations such as rubber tree breediness, nutrient the antagonism relationship, fertilising history, have developed and promote to open the special fertilizer formula cutting rubber tree stable high yield, this special fertilizer formula is applicable to the plantation in Zhi Jiao district, Yunnan more than 80%, and what can be used as Yunnan Mountains plantation promotes mainly formula.
The present invention possesses following advantage and effect: the rubber tree special fertilizer in the present invention, has taken into full account the feature of the easy magnesium deficiency of sal soil, and macroelement N P and K basis adds moderate-element magnesium; And add double inhibitors (urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor), adopt local characteristic organic matter to be weighting material.Compare common fertilizer, enzyme and microbic activity in soil can be regulated and controled, reach that fertilizer efficiency is long, utilization ratio is high, lose few effect, thus realize sustainedly and stably for rubber tree provides nutrient, protection plantation ecotope.Fertilizing method provided by the invention mainly have employed foster and apply fertilizer foster root, green manuring of zanjon and fosters and apply fertilizer, simultaneously in conjunction with comprehensive management technology such as crab rooting ridging, vegetation managements, for rubber tree creates the edatope of " loose, fertile, moistening, ventilation ", be conducive to the improvement of rubber tree root growth and development and water and fertilizer condition.After using rubber tree special fertilizer of the present invention, nutritional deficiency symptom is eased, and nutrient totally tends to balance, and facilitates the stable high yield of rubber tree, economy, ecology and social benefit are remarkable, are of great significance highly efficient and productive, ecological, the safe modern plantation tool of construction.Test 3 years, the dry glue net rate of growth of per hectare, up to 26%, increases production dry glue up to 0.6 ton, deducts the fertilizers input executed special fertilizer and increase, and produces economic benefit up to 1.0 ten thousand yuan (dry glue is per ton by 20000 yuan).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
The research of rubber tree special fertilizer fertilization effect is carried out on east wind farm, Jinghong City, Yunnan Province:
(1) dig length and width in the strain of rubber tree between-line spacing, be deeply respectively the ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer of 100,40,40 centimetres;
(2) January, in each ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer, apply the customary commercial fertilizer (nation sea fertilizer) of 10kg, and the deadwood and fallen leaves of planting adhesive tape are applied foster and apply fertilizer in ditch, then blinding;
(3) April is 0.8kg by the rate of fertilizer application of annual every strain rubber tree, applies rubber tree special fertilizer fostering and apply fertilizer in ditch, and blinding; Wherein, its effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:10:12:2:0.2:0.1:4, total nutrient content is 43%; Organic matter obtains through fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for sugared mud;
(4) September, coordinate crab rooting ridging and understory species to manage, the Altitude control of understory species, at below 50cm, will plant the weeds of adhesive tape and the understory species under cradling applies ditch green manuring of fostering and apply fertilizer.
East wind farm adopts rubber tree special fertilizer to apply fertilizer 3 years, and rubber tree healthy growth, product glue are normal, and between blade N P and K magnesium nutrient content and element, ratio is all within range of normal value, and effect sees the following form:
Embodiment 2
The research of rubber tree special fertilizer fertilization effect is carried out on east wind farm, Jinghong City, Yunnan Province:
(1) dig length and width at terraced fields inwall every strain, be deeply respectively the ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer of 100,40,40 centimetres;
(2) February, in each ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer, apply the conventional farm manure of 12kg, and the deadwood and fallen leaves of planting adhesive tape are applied foster and apply fertilizer in ditch, then blinding;
(3) May is 1.2kg by the rate of fertilizer application of annual every strain rubber tree, applies rubber tree special fertilizer fostering and apply fertilizer in ditch, and blinding; Wherein, its effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:12:8:3:0.4:0.2:3.6, total nutrient content is 41.6%; Organic matter obtains through fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for rubber seed oil meal;
(4) August, coordinate crab rooting ridging and understory species to manage, the Altitude control of understory species, at below 50cm, will plant the weeds of adhesive tape and the understory species under cradling applies ditch green manuring of fostering and apply fertilizer.
East wind farm adopts rubber tree special fertilizer to apply fertilizer 3 years, the blade potassium content of this routine Central Plains rubber tree enriches, nitrogen phosphorus lacks, Mg content is on the low side, nitrogen/potassium ratio is on the low side, and potassium/phosphorus ratio is higher, after the inventive method fertilising, rubber tree healthy growth, gum yield significantly improve, and between blade N P and K magnesium nutrient content and element, ratio is all within range of normal value.Effect sees the following form:
Embodiment 3
The research of rubber tree special fertilizer fertilization effect is carried out on east wind farm, Jinghong City, Yunnan Province:
(1) dig length and width at terraced fields inwall every strain, be deeply respectively the ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer of 100,40,40 centimetres;
(2) January, in each ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer, apply the customary commercial fertilizer (nation sea fertilizer) of 15kg, and the deadwood and fallen leaves of planting adhesive tape are applied foster and apply fertilizer in ditch, then blinding;
(3) April is 1kg by the rate of fertilizer application of annual every strain rubber tree, applies rubber tree special fertilizer fostering and apply fertilizer in ditch, and blinding; Wherein, its effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=11:7:18:2:0.2:0.1:4.5, total nutrient content is 42.5%; Organic matter obtains through fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for sugared mud;
(4) August, coordinate crab rooting ridging and understory species to manage, the Altitude control of understory species, at below 50cm, will plant the weeds of adhesive tape and the understory species under cradling applies ditch green manuring of fostering and apply fertilizer.
East wind farm adopts rubber tree special fertilizer to apply fertilizer 3 years, and the blade chlorisis of this routine Central Plains rubber tree turns yellow, but color is inconsistent, turn yellow around leaf margin comparatively obvious, occur withered spot time serious, withered spot couples together and presents " burning " phenomenon, potassium content is low, and N/P ratio is abundanter, and Mg content is normal; After the inventive method fertilising, rubber tree healthy growth, leaf dark green, gum yield improves, and between blade N P and K magnesium nutrient content and element, ratio is all within range of normal value.Effect sees the following form:
Embodiment 4
The research of rubber tree special fertilizer fertilization effect is carried out on east wind farm, Jinghong City, Yunnan Province:
(1) dig length and width at terraced fields inwall every strain, be deeply respectively the ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer of 100,40,40 centimetres;
(2) February, in each ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer, apply the customary commercial fertilizer (nation sea fertilizer) of 13kg, and the deadwood and fallen leaves of planting adhesive tape are applied foster and apply fertilizer in ditch, then blinding;
(3) May is 0.9kg by the rate of fertilizer application of annual every strain rubber tree, applies rubber tree special fertilizer fostering and apply fertilizer in ditch, and blinding; Wherein, its effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:8:10:4:0.3:0.15:4.8, total nutrient content is 41.8%; Organic matter obtains through fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for rubber seed oil meal;
(4) September, coordinate crab rooting ridging and understory species to manage, the Altitude control of understory species, at below 50cm, will plant the weeds of adhesive tape and the understory species under cradling applies ditch green manuring of fostering and apply fertilizer.
East wind farm adopts rubber tree special fertilizer to apply fertilizer 3 years, and the blade N P and K of this routine Central Plains rubber tree is all abundanter, magnesium deficiency, and potassium/magnesium ratio is greater than 4.5; Time serious, the mesophyll part of blade turns yellow, and still keeps green near vein and vein, occurs the yellow leaf of Pacific herring bone shape; After the inventive method fertilising, rubber tree healthy growth, leaf dark green, gum yield significantly improves, and between blade N P and K magnesium nutrient content and element, ratio is all within range of normal value.Effect sees the following form:
Claims (9)
1. one kind promotes the rubber tree special fertilizer of stable high yield, it is characterized in that: the effective constituent of this rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic=(11 ~ 15): (7 ~ 12): (8 ~ 18): (2 ~ 4): (0.2 ~ 0.4): (0.1 ~ 0.2): (3.6 ~ 4.8), total nutrient content is 41.6 ~ 43%.
2. rubber tree special fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:10:12:2:0.2:0.1:4, total nutrient content is 43%.
3. rubber tree special fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:12:8:3:0.4:0.2:3.6, total nutrient content is 41.6%.
4. rubber tree special fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=11:7:18:2:0.2:0.1:4.5, total nutrient content is 42.5%.
5. rubber tree special fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic matter=15:8:10:4:0.3:0.15:4.8, total nutrient content is 41.8%.
6. rubber tree special fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described organic matter is provided after fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed by sugared mud or rubber seed oil meal.
7. promote a fertilizing method for the rubber tree special fertilizer of stable high yield, it is characterized in that through following each step:
(1) ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer is dug;
In (2) 1 ~ February, in each ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer, apply customary commercial fertilizer or the farm manure of 10 ~ 15kg, and the dry branches and fallen leaves of planting adhesive tape is applied foster and apply fertilizer in ditch, then blinding;
(3) 4 ~ Mays were 0.8 ~ 1.2kg by the rate of fertilizer application of annual every strain rubber tree, applied rubber tree special fertilizer fostering and apply fertilizer in ditch, and blinding; Wherein, its effective constituent of rubber tree special fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt and organic matter, each effective constituent in the ratio of mass fraction is: nitrogen: Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: potassium oxide: magnesium oxide: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt: organic=(11 ~ 15): (7 ~ 12): (8 ~ 18): (2 ~ 4): (0.2 ~ 0.4): (0.1 ~ 0.2): (3.6 ~ 4.8), total nutrient content is 41.6 ~ 43%;
In (4) 8 ~ September, coordinate crab rooting ridging and understory species to manage, the Altitude control of understory species, at below 50cm, will plant the weeds of adhesive tape and the understory species under cradling applies ditch green manuring of fostering and apply fertilizer.
8. fertilizing method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the ditch ditching in the usual way of fostering and apply fertilizer of described step (1), is namely carry out digging ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer in the strain of rubber tree between-line spacing in the mild rubber plantation of landform; Or, be carry out digging ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer every strain at terraced fields inwall in the rubber plantation of hillside terraced fields; Rotation in 2 to three years is once fostered and apply fertilizer the position of ditch.
9. fertilizing method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the length and width of ditch of fostering and apply fertilizer in described step (1), be deeply respectively 100,40,40 centimetres.
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