CN111116277B - Special fertilizer bag for rubber trees - Google Patents
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- CN111116277B CN111116277B CN202010003878.6A CN202010003878A CN111116277B CN 111116277 B CN111116277 B CN 111116277B CN 202010003878 A CN202010003878 A CN 202010003878A CN 111116277 B CN111116277 B CN 111116277B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer bag for rubber trees, which is characterized in that a rubber tree fertilizer formula system dynamically adjusted along with the ages of the rubber trees is established based on nutrient demand characteristics of the rubber trees with different ages, nutrient circulation characteristics of a rubber forest ecosystem and environmental climate characteristics of a rubber planting area, and fertilizers required by the rubber trees with different ages of the trees all year are prepared into the special fertilizer bag for the rubber trees. The fertilizer bag special for the rubber trees can meet the nutrient requirements of the rubber trees with different tree ages, solves the technical problems that the release of fertilizer nutrients after the application of a disposable fertilizer is matched with the nutrient requirement time of the rubber trees to a certain extent, realizes the quantitative fertilization of the rubber trees, basically solves the industrial problems of multiple fertilization times in the tapping production period, shortage of fertilization labor, random fertilization amount and the like, and has good yield increasing effect, high production and application values and popularization potentials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to an agricultural fertilizer, and particularly relates to a fertilizer bag special for rubber trees.
Background
Reasonable fertilization is an important measure for obtaining high yield and high quality of crops in the world, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer, reducing the loss of fertilizer and maintaining the soil fertility. Rubber is a typical commercial crop in hot areas and is an important strategic material. Compared with the main rubber planting countries such as southeast Asia, the natural conditions of the rubber planting areas in China are poor, and the fertilization is a basic measure for ensuring the yield increase and the yield stability of the rubber trees. However, after 60 years of gum planting production, the gum planting areas in China have faced major problems of difficult yield increase, large area decrease of soil nutrients and the like (Li Chunli and Sexiao, 2001; Hedong and Wu Xiaoping, 2002; Wang Dapeng and the like, 2013 a).
At present, the factors of soil nutrient, glue production level, glue tree variety and the like in the glue planting area in China are greatly changed compared with the prior art. For a long time, rubber tree fertilization work has been continued with several rubber tree fertilization formulas established in the last 90 th century (Hedong et al, 1992; Seisal filial generation, 1994). One of the problems that needs to be solved among these is that in these fertilization management, the fertilization formulas and the amount of fertilizer applied to rubber trees cut at different ages in the same soil type vegetation zone are substantially identical, no account is taken of the differences in ages, nor of the differences in the levels of gum production (wang da peng et al, 2013 a; wang da peng et al, 2013 b). During this period, although there have been some studies on the adjustment of the fertilization formula of rubber trees, this problem has not been solved yet. In addition, the rubber trees need to be fertilized 1 time each year in 4 months, 6 months and 9 months in the fertilization time. At present, the aging and shortage of rubber workers are serious problems in the natural rubber industry in China, and the expansion of the management tree positions of the rubber workers becomes an important measure for improving the rubber tapping labor productivity and reducing the rubber production cost, so that the workload of the rubber workers is greatly increased. After the tree positions are managed in an enlarged mode, 3 times of fertilization are carried out every year, particularly the next 2 times of fertilization are in the rubber tapping production period, and the working strength of rubber workers is particularly increased. In addition, although the fertilizing amount of each glue tree is regulated in the fertilizing process, the actual operation has great randomness, and the quantification, the regulation and the unification are difficult to achieve in production.
The rubber forest under the tropical monsoon climate condition has the climate characteristics of high temperature, high humidity and strong rainfall. Under the unique climatic condition, if fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and the like) are applied to soil all at once, a large amount of fertilizers are lost in the early stage, and the fertilizers are insufficient in the later stage.
In conclusion, how to invent a fertilizer bag special for rubber trees, (1) can meet the nutrient requirements of rubber trees with different tree ages and corresponding glue production levels; (2) the rubber tree is fertilized for 3 times every year to 1 time, so that the problem that the nutrient release is matched with the nutrient demand time of the rubber tree after the disposable fertilizer is applied is solved, and the problems of shortage of fertilization labor and high fertilization working strength in the tapping production period are solved; (3) the accurate quantification of the fertilization of the rubber trees with different ages is realized, the problems of random fertilization amount in actual production management and the like are solved, and the method has important significance for obtaining high yield and high quality of the rubber trees and sustainable development of the natural rubber industry.
Reference to the literature
Li Chunli, Yangxiao, Xishuangbanna rubber garden nutrient change [ J ]. Yunnan hot work science and technology, 2001, 1: 1-6.
Ho east, wu xiao ping, research on fertility evolution in glue orchards in the reclamation area of hainan [ J ]. tropical agricultural, 2002, 22 (1): 16-22.
Wangcheng, wanxiuquan, adult lens, etc. current status of nutrient management and improvement strategy in hainan phytogel zone [ J ] tropical agriculture, 2013a, 33 (9): 22-27.
Wangcheng, wanxiuquan, adult lens, etc. problem and countermeasure of natural rubber yield increase in hainan gum planting area [ J ] tropical agriculture, 2013b, 33 (6): 66-70.
Ho east, luo xing, wu xiao ping, et al. research on nutrient proportioning of special compound fertilizer for hevea brasiliensis [ J ]. research on tropical crops, 1992, 1: 14-25.
Research on development of a fertilizer special for rubber trees in filial generation, Yunnan province and research on application effect thereof [ J ]. Yunnan hot-working science and technology, 1994, 4: 1-9.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizer bag special for rubber trees, which can meet the nutrient requirements of rubber trees with different ages and corresponding glue production levels and realize field quantitative fertilization of the rubber trees with different ages.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the special fertilizer bag for the rubber tree is provided, and comprises: the fertilizer comprises a biodegradable film bag, a quick-acting fertilizer bag packaged in the biodegradable film bag and a slow-acting fertilizer bag packaged in the biodegradable film bag;
a plurality of round holes with the spacing of 2cm and the aperture of 2mm are uniformly arranged on the biodegradable film bag, so that after the biodegradable film bag is applied to soil, soil moisture can quickly permeate through the round holes on the biodegradable film bag, and a water-soluble film bag of the quick-acting fertilizer bag is dissolved after meeting water to quickly release nutrients;
the quick-acting fertilizer bag consists of a water-soluble film bag and active ingredients packaged in the water-soluble film bag;
the slow-release fertilizer bag consists of a biodegradable film bag and active ingredients packaged in the biodegradable film bag;
the quick-acting fertilizer bag comprises active ingredients including nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide and an inhibitor;
the slow release fertilizer bag comprises effective components including nitrogen and an inhibitor.
Further, the biodegradable film bag is made of a bentonite modified starch composite biodegradable film.
Further, the water-soluble film bag is made of a polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble film.
Further, the inhibitor in the quick-acting fertilizer package comprises n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate; wherein, the mass portion ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide, the potassium oxide, the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is 7.9-10.0: 10.7-18.9: 19.7-22.7: 0.04: 0.30 percent and 43.3 to 46.5 percent of total nutrient content.
Further, the quick-acting fertilizer bag comprises nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the mass part ratio: the age of 7-10 trees is 10.0: 10.7: 22.7, the total nutrient content is 43.3 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 0.9 kg; the age of 11-15 trees is 10.0: 11.0: 22.2, the total nutrient content is 43.3 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.2 kg; age of 16-30 trees is 9.7: 12.5: 21.5, the total nutrient content is 43.7 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.5 kg; age of 31-35 trees 9.0: 15.0: 20.8 percent, the total nutrient content is 44.8 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.2 kg; the age of 36-40 trees is 7.9: 18.9: 19.7, the total nutrient content is 46.5 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.0 kg.
Further, the quick-acting fertilizer comprises urea containing 46% of nitrogen, 44% of phosphorus pentoxide, monoammonium phosphate containing 11% of nitrogen and potassium chloride containing 60% of potassium oxide.
Further, the inhibitor in the slow-release fertilizer package comprises n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, wherein the mass parts of the components of the nitrogen, the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are 44.1: 0.10: 0.66 percent and the total nutrient content is 44.1 percent.
Further, the net fertilizer content of the slow release fertilizer is 0.4kg at the age of 7-10 trees; 0.6kg of 11-15 trees old; 0.7kg of the age of 16-30 trees; 0.5kg of 31-35 trees old; 0.3kg of the plant of 36-40 ages.
Further, the slow release fertilizer comprises urea containing 46% of nitrogen and controlled release urea containing 43% of nitrogen, wherein the nitrogen supply amount of the urea and the controlled release urea is 50% respectively.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate according to the proportion, uniformly mixing all the components, and then filling the mixture into a polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble film strip-shaped bag with the thickness of 0.05-0.07mm to obtain a quick-acting fertilizer bag;
(2) taking urea, controlled-release urea, n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate according to the proportion, uniformly mixing all the components, and filling the mixture into a bentonite modified starch composite biodegradable film strip-shaped bag with the thickness of 0.07mm to obtain a slow-release fertilizer bag;
(3) packaging 1 quick-acting fertilizer bag and 1 slow-acting fertilizer bag in the same tree age section into a bentonite modified starch composite biodegradable film strip-shaped bag with round holes of 0.07mm in thickness, 2cm in uniformly distributed intervals and 2mm in pore diameter to obtain the fertilizer bag special for the rubber tree.
Selecting a corresponding fertilizer bag according to the age of the rubber tree during fertilization, and applying the fertilizer bag into the temporarily excavated shallow fertilization hole at one time in the middle and late ten days of 4 months each year; the fertilizing shallow holes are parallel to the planting rows of the rubber trees, the length and the width are slightly larger than the size of the fertilizer bags, the depth is not more than 0.2m, the distance from the fertilizing shallow holes to the trunk of the rubber trees is 1.5m, and the fertilizing shallow holes are arranged one by one each year; the fertilizer bag is covered with soil of over 5cm after being applied into the fertilizer application hole.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention develops the fertilizer bags special for the rubber trees with different ages based on the nutrient demand characteristics of the rubber trees with different ages, the nutrient circulation characteristics of the ecological system of the rubber forest and the environmental climate characteristics of a rubber planting area.
2. A brand-new established fertilization formula system dynamically adjusted along with the tree age can meet the nutrient requirements of rubber trees with different tree ages; the method simplifies the fertilization of 3 times in the whole year into fertilization of 1 time, and solves the technical problems of synchronous matching of nutrient release and the nutrient requirement of the glue trees after one-time fertilization and the like to a certain extent through the addition of a quick-acting fertilizer bag material, a slow-acting fertilizer bag material, an inhibitor and the configuration of a controlled release fertilizer and the like.
3. The fertilizer bag realizes the field quantitative fertilization of the rubber trees, and basically solves the production problems of multiple fertilization times, shortage of fertilization labor, random fertilization amount and the like in the tapping production period; meanwhile, the high yield of the rubber tree is ensured, the yield value is improved, and the method has good production and application values and popularization potential.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation of the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the fertilizer holes for different treatments after fertilization according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The research on the nutrient release of the fertilizer bag special for the rubber trees is carried out in five teams of a test field of tropical agricultural science institute in delirium city, Hainan province. The soil in the test area is granite development brick red soil. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil with the depth of 0-20cm are as follows: pH is 4.80, organic matter is 10.92g/kg, total nitrogen is 0.59g/kg, available phosphorus is 19.65mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium is 41.17 mg/kg. The tree species of the glue tree is hot ground 7-33-97, and the tree age is 21 years. The experiment was set up for 3 treatments, randomized block, 3 replicates. The fertilizer application holes are 0.5m long, 0.3m wide and 0.2m deep and 1.5m away from the trunk. 3, treatment: 1) CK is not fertilized; 2) applying CF in a conventional manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2kg (N: P: K ═ 14:7:9), and uniformly applying fertilizing holes in 3 times of late 4 th, late 7 th and early 9 th of months respectively; 3) the fertilizer bag FP is prepared according to the specification with the fertilizing amount of 2.2kg, and is applied to a fertilizer hole in 4 th of the month. After fertilization, all treatments were covered with soil for 5 cm. After the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil or has low loss, and the concentration of effective nitrogen in the fertilizing holes of 3 kinds of treatment is observed. After fertilization, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the fertilization holes are changed as shown in figure 1.
As can be seen in fig. 1, the ammonium nitrogen concentration in the conventional CF fertilization holes rapidly increased after each fertilization, but only remained for a limited period of time with a large drop. The nitrate nitrogen concentration of the fertilizer also increases rapidly after each fertilization and then also decreases rapidly. After the fertilizer packet FP is applied, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the fertilizer application holes slowly rises, but basically maintains higher concentration in the whole rubber tapping production period, and the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen is always more stable. It follows that the available nitrogen in the CF fertilised holes of conventional fertilisation is maintained at a very high concentration only for a limited period of time after fertilisation, after which a substantial loss may occur. The fertilizer bag FP of the invention is added with the inhibitor, applied with the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and wrapped by the degradation film, the concentration of the effective nitrogen in the fertilizer application holes changes more stably in the whole rubber tapping production period, and the supply of the effective nitrogen to the rubber trees is ensured.
Example 2
The research on the yield effect of the fertilizer package special for the rubber trees is carried out in five teams of a test field of tropical agricultural science institute of delirium city, Hainan province. The tree species of the glue tree is hot ground 7-33-97, the tree age is 20 years, and the cut is s/2. d/3. The plant spacing of the test rubber trees is 3.5m, and the row spacing is 6 m. The experiment was set up with 2 treatments: 1) applying fertilizer in 2kg (N: P: K is 14:7:9) in 3 times into fertilizing holes in late 4, late 7 and early 9 months; 2) the fertilizer bag is prepared according to the specification, and the fertilizer bag is applied to a fertilizer hole at one time in the last 4 th month. After fertilization, all treatments were covered with soil for 5 cm. The fertilization yields and economic benefits for two years are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of test yields and economic benefits
Note: the dry glue price is calculated according to the average price of 2017 and 2018 of 10 yuan/kg.
As can be seen from Table 1, in the first year of the test, the conventional fertilizer application process had a fertilizer input of 1297 yuan/hm2The yield is 1467kg/hm2. The fertilizer bag treatment increases the fertilizer input to 2567 yuan/hm2But the yield reaches 1923kg/hm2. In addition, the fertilizer bag is applied, 3 times of fertilization in one year is reduced to 1 time, and the manual input is reduced to a certain extent. From the aspect of yield value, the net yield increase value of the fertilizer bag treatment in the first year of the test is 3690 yuan/hm2. The second year of the test, the yield of the traditional fertilization treatment is 1662kg/hm2The processing yield of the fertilizer package reaches 2062kg/hm2. In terms of yield value, the net yield increase value 3130 yuan/hm of the fertilizer bag treatment in the second year is tested2。
Therefore, after the traditional fertilizer application is changed into the fertilizer bag, the dry glue yield can be improved to a greater extent. The result also fully indicates that the existing traditional fertilization technical system needs to be improved, and the existing rubber tree yield level still has a larger promotion space. The two-year field test results further prove that the fertilizer package fertilization technical method system has good labor-saving, yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing effects and has strong popularization potential.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a special fertilizer package of rubber tree which characterized in that includes:
the biodegradable film bag is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes;
the quick-acting fertilizer bag is packaged in the biodegradable film bag and consists of a water-soluble film bag and active ingredients packaged in the water-soluble film bag;
the slow-release fertilizer bag is packaged in the biodegradable film bag and consists of the biodegradable film bag and active ingredients packaged in the biodegradable film bag;
the quick-acting fertilizer bag comprises active ingredients including nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide and an inhibitor; the inhibitor in the quick-acting fertilizer bag comprises n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate; wherein, the mass portion ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide, the potassium oxide, the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is 7.9-10.0: 10.7-18.9: 19.7-22.7: 0.04: 0.30 percent, and the total nutrient content is 43.3 to 46.5 percent; the quick-acting fertilizer bag comprises the following components in parts by mass: the age of 7-10 trees is 10.0: 10.7: 22.7, the total nutrient content is 43.3 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 0.9 kg; the age of 11-15 trees is 10.0: 11.0: 22.2, the total nutrient content is 43.3 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.2 kg; age of 16-30 trees is 9.7: 12.5: 21.5, the total nutrient content is 43.7 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.5 kg; age of 31-35 trees 9.0: 15.0: 20.8 percent, the total nutrient content is 44.8 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.2 kg; the age of 36-40 trees is 7.9: 18.9: 19.7, the total nutrient content is 46.5 percent, and the net fertilizer content is 1.0 kg;
the slow release fertilizer bag comprises effective components including nitrogen and an inhibitor; the inhibitor in the slow release fertilizer package comprises n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, wherein the mass parts of the components of the nitrogen, the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are 44.1: 0.10: 0.66 percent, and the total nutrient content is 44.1 percent; the net fertilizer content of the slow release fertilizer is 0.4kg when the slow release fertilizer is 7-10 ages; 0.6kg of 11-15 trees old; 0.7kg of the age of 16-30 trees; 0.5kg of 31-35 trees old; 0.3kg of the plant of 36-40 ages.
2. The fertilizer bag special for rubber trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biodegradable film bag is made of bentonite modified starch composite biodegradable film.
3. The fertilizer pack for rubber trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water-soluble film bag is made of a water-soluble film of polyvinyl alcohol.
4. The fertilizer package special for rubber trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quick-acting fertilizer is prepared from urea containing 46% of nitrogen, monoammonium phosphate containing 44% of phosphorus pentoxide, 11% of nitrogen, and potassium chloride containing 60% of potassium oxide.
5. The fertilizer package special for rubber trees according to claim 1, wherein the slow release fertilizer is prepared by selecting urea containing 46% of nitrogen and controlled release urea containing 43% of nitrogen, and the nitrogen supply amount of the urea and the controlled release urea is 50% respectively.
6. The fertilizer package special for rubber trees according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is prepared by the following steps:
(1) taking urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate according to the proportion, uniformly mixing all the components, and then filling the mixture into a polyvinyl alcohol water-soluble film strip-shaped bag with the thickness of 0.05-0.07mm to obtain a quick-acting fertilizer bag;
(2) taking urea, controlled-release urea, n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate according to the proportion, uniformly mixing all the components, and filling the mixture into a bentonite modified starch composite biodegradable film strip-shaped bag with the thickness of 0.07mm to obtain a slow-release fertilizer bag;
(3) packaging 1 quick-acting fertilizer bag and 1 slow-acting fertilizer bag in the same tree age section into a bentonite modified starch composite biodegradable film strip-shaped bag with round holes of 0.07mm in thickness, 2cm in uniformly distributed intervals and 2mm in pore diameter to obtain the fertilizer bag special for the rubber tree.
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| US11685700B2 (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-06-27 | Active Agriscience Inc. | Nitrogen stabilizing compositions |
| CN114467604B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-05-12 | 勐腊田野橡胶销售有限责任公司 | Rubber forest dry season rubber cutting management method |
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