CN105016858A - Biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105016858A CN105016858A CN201510377534.0A CN201510377534A CN105016858A CN 105016858 A CN105016858 A CN 105016858A CN 201510377534 A CN201510377534 A CN 201510377534A CN 105016858 A CN105016858 A CN 105016858A
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Abstract
The invention provides a biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which comprises a core layer and a coating layer coating the core layer surface. The core layer is formed by mixing of the following raw materials by weight part: 40-60 of a nitrogen fertilizer, 40-60 of biochar powder, and 1-2 of a fertilizer additive. The weight of the core layer accounts for 60%-70% of the total weight of the slow-release fertilizer. The coating layer is a mixture formed by mixing of the biochar powder and modified attapulgite, etc., and the weight of the coating layer accounts for 30%-40% of the total weight of the slow-release fertilizer. The nutrients of the fertilizer provided by the invention are slowly released under control, the one-time fertilization can meet the demand of crops for nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period, fertilizer consumption is reduced, pollution of the fertilizer to the environment can be effectively prevented, the soil can be improved, and soil hardening can be prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is the material guarantee of agricultural sustainable development, is the basic substance of increases in grain production.The eighties in 20th century, using of chemical fertilizer is about 46.3% to the contribution rate of the volume increase of China's grain, fertilizer use the production greatly facilitating China's grain, but to the nineties in 20th century, drop into while straight line increases at chemical fertilizer, grain yield but fluctuates, according to statistics, between 1996 ~ 2009 years, China's fertilizer application amount increases 41.2%, and total output of grain only increases 5.1%, ever-increasing chemical fertilizer drops into the output not continuing to increase grain.Occur that a major reason of this phenomenon is that chemical fertilizer utilization ratio reduction causes yield increasing effect to decline.Modern agriculture with low input, high production, high-level efficiency and Sustainable development for feature.And therewith closely-related chemical fertilizer industry especially modern agricultural production and development important substance basis.Research shows, China's this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is only 30% ~ 35%, nitrogenous fertilizer is about 10% ~ 25%, potash fertilizer is 35% ~ 50%. China's chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio average out to 30%, not only well below the level of European and American developed countries' level 60% ~ 70%, and also have a declining tendency in recent years, for nitrogenous fertilizer, the nineties in 20th century, utilization ratio was on average about 35%, was down to about 27% now.The loss of chemical fertilizer effective constituent, one is that the loss that causes is surprising, amounts to Renminbi every year up to more than 1,000 hundred million yuan, and the output being equivalent to annual more than 1000 chemical fertilizer is poured in ground in vain; Two is serious environment pollutions, mainly comprises water body pollution of area source, soil pollution, topsoil and quality of agricultural product and declines.The nitrogen 50% ~ 60% that farmland this season does not reclaim enters water body, air, and according to estimates, the nitrogen in inflow stream, lake about has 60% from chemical fertilizer, directly causes body eutrophication, causes algae overgrowing, water quality deterioration, hydrobiological death; Remain in farmland, cause soil compaction hardening, objectionable impurities severe overweight; Permeate the ground, cause underground water big area nitric nitrogen to exceed standard.The total nitrogen discharged 2704.6kt of agricultural sources in 2010, accounts for 57.2% of total emission volumn; Agricultural sources total phosphorus discharge 284.7kt, accounts for 67.3% (national Pollutant source investigation publication for the first time, 2010) of discharge total phosphorus.Since China's fertilizer industry is is particularly reformed and opened up to the outside world 30 years, development is very rapid, and according to the planning of " 12 " potash fertilizer, by effort in 5 years, by 2015, the domestic degree of self-sufficiency of overseas producing that adds reached more than 80%.China has become chemical fertilizer big country, but is not chemical fertilizer power.Although in traditional fertilizer kind with the world without large gap, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low, particularly nitrogenous fertilizer, lower than world level by 30%, causes the financial loss of over ten billion Yuan and the severe contamination of environment every year.Present Fertilizer Market mainly based on molten, instant, fertilizer variety that speed is loose entirely, exacerbates waste and the loss of fertilizer.Conventional readily avaiable fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period is short, and production by repeatedly topdressing, must could meet the crop whole growth period to the demand of nutrient, this not only takes a lot of work, and increases fertilising cost, and when topdressing, top application fertilizer loss amount is large, obviously reduces fertilizer efficiency, is difficult to the yield increasing effect playing fertilizer.
In the agriculture production of China, for devote exclusive attention to output and a large amount of even excessive fertilization is a general problem, which results in a series of environmental problem, how science, reasonably applying fertilizer become the primary study problem of field of agricultural sciences a few days ago.
In recent years, China's grain-production increases income year after year.But the behind of grain good harvest is annual generation 700,000,000 tons of stalks, and wherein only achieve field less than the stalk of 1/3, remaining is substantially burnt or discards.If by agricultural wastes also fields such as these stalks, contain Soil degradation beyond doubt, improve the effective measure of farmland quality.
Charcoal (Biochar), typically refers to based on the biomass resource that extensively exists by nature, utilizes specific charring process, by the biomass rich carbon product that produces of incomplete combustion under anoxic conditions.Common charcoal has straw charcoal, charcoal, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae charcoal etc.Charcoal solubility is extremely low, and have height carboxylic esterification and aromatize structure, biomass have larger porosity and specific surface area after charing, high adsorption capacity, become a kind of ideal material that can be applicable to the field such as agricultural, industry.In recent years, charcoal is subject to the extensive concern of the domain experts such as agricultural, environment, the energy, is described as " black gold ".Domestic and international correlative study result shows, can change soil physico-chemical property after charcoal applies agricultural land soil, to raising fertilizer utilization efficiency, increases crop yield, promotes that agricultural sustainable development etc. all has vital role.Field test from Brazilian Amazon River area shows, applies charcoal (with 11t hm-2 standard) in soil, paddy rice and Output of Sorghum cumulative rises about 75% after 2 years 4 Growing season.And use charcoal finds in the torrid zone and subtropical zone, except making soybean, except seeding corn and other crops increases production, the magnesium in plant, calcium contents also obviously increase.Charcoal has certain short long, production-increasing function to Different Crop, has become the widespread consensus of domestic and international researcher.
Charcoal is pricked under being conducive to improving the root system degree of depth, promotes root system longitudinal growth.Charcoal can keep certain root system volume at later stages, thus delays Senescence of Root System, is conducive to meeting the demand of later stage overground part to nutrient.
How charcoal and various chemical fertilizer organically combine by the present invention's research, and formed a kind of easy to use, fertilizer efficiency is high, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, again environment-friendly novel fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.The high-efficiency sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer that this fertilizer is a kind of environmental protection, fertilizer efficiency is good, fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows for achieving the above object:
A kind of charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprise core layer and the coating layer being coated on core surface, described core layer is mixed by the component raw material of following weight part: nitrogenous fertilizer 40-60, biological powdered carbon 40-60, fertilizer additive 1-2, and the weight of described core layer is the 60%-70% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight; Described coating layer is the mixture of biological powdered carbon and the mass mixing such as attapulgite modified, and the weight of described coating layer is 30% ~ 40% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight;
Described attapulgite modified preparation method: by attapulgite at 200-300 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, the dilute sulphuric acid putting into attapulgite weight 40-50% after taking-up soaks 30-40 minute, add the sticky rice flour of attapulgite weight 8-10%, the konjak gum of 3-5% wherein, the lime powder of the polyvinyl alcohol of 10-15%, the SULPHUR POWDER of 0.2-0.5% and 0.2-0.5%, abundant agitation grinding becomes starchiness.
Described fertilizer additive is mixed by the component raw material of following weight part: sodium nitrophenolate 0.02-0.04, imidazoles 0.01-0.03, nicotine 0.1-0.2, poly hexamethylene biguanide 1-2, chitosan 15-25, high-speed stirring mixes.
The preparation method of described charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) each component raw material is taken by formula rate;
(2) first by even for the component raw material ground and mixed of core layer, and sprinkle water as binding agent carries out granulation, the raw material of coating layer is dropped into after most of fertilizer is shaping, continue watering, the raw material of coating layer is evenly wrapped in outside fertiliser granulates, form fertilizer particle of slow release, be dried to moisture content and be less than 5%, pack on request.
Described charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from one or more mixing in urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammoniacal liquor and ammonia liquor, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention adds charcoal in core layer and coating layer, charcoal is rich in micropore, not only can supplement the organic content of soil, can also effectively preserve moisture and fertilizer, control fertilizer slow releasing, independent attapulgite is as coating layer, run into rainwater more time, coating layer is easy to dissolve, thus lose the effect of slowly-releasing, charcoal is mixed as coating layer with attapulgite modified, slow release effect can be improved, that improves fertilizer utilizes power, decrease fertilizer loss in surrounding environment, the phenomenon of contaminate environment, the two mixing life-time service, the physico-chemical property of soil can be improved, increase soil fertility, reduce rate of fertilizer application, ensure agricultural sustainable development, environmental protect.That makes fertilizer additive by oneself adds the utilization ratio substantially increasing fertilizer, reduce further the addition of fertilizer, has saved proportion of crop planting cost, saved resource.
In coating layer, augmented appropriate lime powder and SULPHUR POWDER, serve certain germicidal action, farm crop use this slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and disease and pest is few.The nutrient slow releasing of fertilizer of the present invention is controlled, single fertilization can meet crop whole vegetative period to nitrogenous fertilizer needs, reduce fertilizer amount, effectively prevent fertilizer to the pollution of environment, soil can be improved, keep soil from packing together.
The use of charcoal in the present invention, the process for agricultural wastes provides an extraordinary approach, significant to protection of the environment.
Embodiment
A kind of charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, comprise core layer and the coating layer being coated on core surface, wherein, core layer is mixed by the component raw material of following weight (kg): urea 50, biological powdered carbon 50, fertilizer additive 1.5, and the weight of core layer is 65% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight; Coating layer is the mixture of biological powdered carbon and the mass mixing such as attapulgite modified, and the weight of coating layer is 35% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight;
Wherein, attapulgite modified preparation method: by attapulgite at 250 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, the dilute sulphuric acid putting into attapulgite weight 45% after taking-up soaks 35 minutes, add the sticky rice flour of attapulgite weight 9%, the konjak gum of 4% wherein, the polyvinyl alcohol of 13%, the SULPHUR POWDER of 0.4% and 0.3% lime powder, abundant agitation grinding becomes starchiness.
Wherein, fertilizer additive is mixed by the component raw material of following weight (kg): sodium nitrophenolate 0.03, imidazoles 0.02, nicotine 0.15, poly hexamethylene biguanide 1.5, chitosan 20, and high-speed stirring mixes,
The preparation method of charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) each component raw material is taken by formula rate;
(2) first by even for the component raw material ground and mixed of core layer, and sprinkle water as binding agent carries out granulation, the raw material of coating layer is dropped into after most of fertilizer is shaping, continue watering, the raw material of coating layer is evenly wrapped in outside fertiliser granulates, form fertilizer particle of slow release, be dried to moisture content and be less than 5%, pack on request.
In order to verify the advantage of slow-release phosphate fertilizer of the present invention, the applicant selects the cotton field of two pieces of area equation, test, every block ground is 3m × 4m, the soil property on two pieces of ground is consistent, except the phosphate fertilizer used is different, other all conditions is consistent, and fertilizer addition, fertilization mode etc. are as shown in table 1.
The essential property detecting soil 0-20cm topsoil soils before fertilising is: pH (H2O): 5.05, organic carbon: 19.05gkg-1, full nitrogen: 1.78gkg-1, rapid available phosphorus: 27.54mgkg-1, available potassium: 97.07mgkg-1.
Table 1:
| Comparatively | Sample plot | |
| Fertilising kind | Common urea | Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of the present invention |
| Rate of fertilizer application | 1.8kg/ block | 5.5kg/ block |
| Fertilization mode | Apply at twice | Once apply |
In cotton growth process, moisture and fertilizer adopt Routine Management mode to manage.
Fertilizer is applied field in transplanting in previous week by every block ground,
After cotton harvesting, respectively get the mixed soil sample of 0-20cm soil layer respectively from two pieces of ground, for measuring soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value after air-dry, and add up output and disease and pest, experimental result is in table 2:
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2: the community output of cotton average out to 7.8kg applying regular phosphatic fertilizers, applies the community output of cotton average out to 9.2kg of slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, average volume increase can reach 18.1%.Use slow-release fertilizer incidence of insect disease of the present invention obviously low.Contained N-P-K content in experiment in conventional composite fertilizer is identical with N P and K amount contained in slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, can find out that, when applying the fertilizer of identical amount, the effect of increasing production of slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is obvious.Fertilizer of the present invention once applies, and common fertilizer applies for twice, uses fertilizer of the present invention and economize labor force, reduce labour intensity and cost.The measurement result of soil property, as can be seen from Table 2, uses slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, the content of organic carbon in soil can be improved, keep P in soil H value substantially constant, the total nitrogen content before and after plantation in soil is substantially constant, illustrates that the utilization rate of fertilizer of this slow-release fertilizer is high.
Claims (3)
1. a charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprise core layer and the coating layer being coated on core surface, described core layer is mixed by the component raw material of following weight part: nitrogenous fertilizer 40-60, biological powdered carbon 40-60, fertilizer additive 1-2, and the weight of described core layer is the 60%-70% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight; Described coating layer is the mixture of biological powdered carbon and the mass mixing such as attapulgite modified, and the weight of described coating layer is 30% ~ 40% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight;
Described attapulgite modified preparation method: by attapulgite at 200-300 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, the dilute sulphuric acid putting into attapulgite weight 40-50% after taking-up soaks 30-40 minute, add the sticky rice flour of attapulgite weight 8-10%, the konjak gum of 3-5% wherein, the lime powder of the polyvinyl alcohol of 10-15%, the SULPHUR POWDER of 0.2-0.5% and 0.2-0.5%, abundant agitation grinding becomes starchiness.
Described fertilizer additive is mixed by the component raw material of following weight part: sodium nitrophenolate 0.02-0.04, imidazoles 0.01-0.03, nicotine 0.1-0.2, poly hexamethylene biguanide 1-2, chitosan 15-25, high-speed stirring mixes.
2. the preparation method of charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) each component raw material is taken by formula rate;
(2) first by even for the component raw material ground and mixed of core layer, and sprinkle water as binding agent carries out granulation, the raw material of coating layer is dropped into after most of fertilizer is shaping, continue watering, the raw material of coating layer is evenly wrapped in outside fertiliser granulates, form fertilizer particle of slow release, be dried to moisture content and be less than 5%, pack on request.
3. charcoal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from one or more mixing in urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammoniacal liquor and ammonia liquor, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106380309A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing slow release fertilizer used for blueberry plantation |
| CN107226765A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-03 | 天津市实验林场 | A kind of charcoal base slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107586205A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of coated fertilizer for improveing acid soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN109206264A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-15 | 兰州大学 | A kind of slow-release bio charcoal base nitrogenous fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN113773144A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-10 | 内蒙古昊联生物科技有限公司 | Carbon powder coated urea slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103497022A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-08 | 四川大学 | Controlled release mixed and compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104529636A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 北京市农林科学院 | Biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101270013A (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2008-09-24 | 兰州大学 | Preparation for coating material for nitrogenous fertilizer and coating method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106380309A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing slow release fertilizer used for blueberry plantation |
| CN107226765A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-03 | 天津市实验林场 | A kind of charcoal base slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107586205A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of coated fertilizer for improveing acid soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN109206264A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-15 | 兰州大学 | A kind of slow-release bio charcoal base nitrogenous fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN113773144A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-10 | 内蒙古昊联生物科技有限公司 | Carbon powder coated urea slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20151104 |