CN109548598A - The method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge is protected using rice straw biomass carbon - Google Patents
The method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge is protected using rice straw biomass carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN109548598A CN109548598A CN201811566576.9A CN201811566576A CN109548598A CN 109548598 A CN109548598 A CN 109548598A CN 201811566576 A CN201811566576 A CN 201811566576A CN 109548598 A CN109548598 A CN 109548598A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of to protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon.This method proposes effect agent using rice straw biomass carbon as soil conditioner and fertilizer, the last week is transplanted in rice seedling, rice straw biomass carbon is disposably added to potassium deficiency in proportion and lacks calcium rice field, plowed soils, it is uniformly mixed between earth's surface 0-20cm, during which area water in field is kept to be no more than 1cm；Start to pour water within 2-3 days before shoot transplanting equipment, maintains field depth of water 3-5cm；On the day before rice transplanting, to paddy field basal dressing；After rice transplanting 18~22 days, first time topdressing is carried out, second of top dressing is carried out after 18~22 days.The present invention, which has, to be guaranteed to reduce rice field ammonia volatilization while rice guarantor's production is increased production, and realize stalk resource utilization, guarantee world food safety etc. all has important practical significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass carbon fields, and in particular to a kind of protected using rice straw biomass carbon is produced volume increase and reduced
The method of ammonia volatilization discharge.
Background technique
Nitrogen is the major phytonutrients for undergoing various conversions in the soil, and rice Agro-ecological System is by nitrogen
Investment is to maintain to increase productivity, but peasant is often in some area applications than required more nitrogenous fertilizer.Item is inputted in high nitrogen
Under part, the loss amount of nitrogen in the environment is also just bigger.Soil ammonia volatilization is one of the main form of Nitrogen of Rice loss, it
Do not only result in direct loss of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce plant growth using nitrogen quantity, also cause serious environmental pollution, and pass through
Significant promotion global warming leads to environmental degradation.Since sunshine is strong and the high temperature in paddy growth season, ammonia loss by volatilization rate can
The 40% of up to seasonal amount of nitrogen, ammonia (NH3) volatilizing need to be paid high attention to especially.Common nitrogenous fertilizer form is urea in agricultural
(46% nitrogen), diammonium hydrogen phosphate (18% nitrogen), poultry manure (3% nitrogen) etc..These fertilizer are significant to change soil chemically
Matter, such as pH value and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (CEC), to influence NH3Volatilization.Optimize Nitrogen utility form, reduce nitrogen loss, protects
It is the effective measures for guaranteeing increasing production of rice stable yields that nitrogen, which holds nitrogen,.Therefore exploitation rice field slows down ammonia volatilization emission measure and rice is increased
It produces, soil fertility is kept, and change nitrogen fertilizer use amount is big, and utilization rate is low, is alleviated agricultural environment pollution and is had important practical significance.
In recent years, the effect due to charcoal in chelating carbon and in terms of improving soil nutrient utilization efficiency, has created
Many researchs and commercial interest.Charcoal influences the dynamic of the nitrogen in soil by changing the rate of nitrogen transformation process, herein
In the process, charcoal can reduce the runoff and leaching loss of nitrogen, and plant is made to be easier to obtain nutrient.In addition, charcoal can be with
Induce nitrogen cycle microorganism fixed in the soil.Therefore biomass carbon greatly reduces nitrogen damage by reducing ammonia volatilization discharge
It loses.
China's rice straw is resourceful, and rice straw is prepared into biomass carbon, is rich in using biomass carbon itself
A large amount of nutrients and porosity, high-specific surface area, the good characteristics such as strong adsorptivity.Such biomass carbon how is applied, its tool is made
Play the role of protecting producing and increase production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge, is technical problem urgently to be solved.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to paddy field loss of nitrogenous fertilizer serious problems, a kind of utilization rice straw biomass is provided
Charcoal protects the method that ammonia volatilization is reduced while producing volume increase, and ammonia volatilization row is reduced while reducing fertilizer utilization for a long time to realize
It puts, reduces nitrogen loss, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, increase rice yield.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention it is specific the technical solution adopted is as follows:
A method of it protects to produce using rice straw biomass carbon and increases production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge, this method is in rice seed
Water and fertilizer management measure during plant is as follows:
The last week is transplanted in rice seedling, rice straw biomass carbon is disposably added to potassium deficiency in proportion and lacks calcium rice
It is uniformly mixed between earth's surface 0-20cm by field, plowed soils, during which area water in field is kept to be no more than 1cm；
Start to pour water within 2-3 days before shoot transplanting equipment, maintains field depth of water 3-5cm；
On the day before rice transplanting, to paddy field basal dressing；After rice transplanting 18~22 days, first time topdressing is carried out, then
Second of top dressing is carried out after spending 18~22 days.
Using method of the invention while guaranteeing the long-term not underproduction, paddy growth period ammonia volatilization discharge is reduced, is subtracted
The use of few nitrogenous fertilizer, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, while realizing that stalk resource utilizes, and ensures world food safety.
Preferably, the additive amount of the rice straw biomass carbon is 0.19t/mu.
Preferably, the base manure includes urea 31kg mu-1, phosphate fertilizer 1kg/mu in terms of P, and the potash fertilizer in terms of K
15kg/mu。
Preferably, first time topdressing is urea, amount of application 23kg/mu.
Preferably, first time topdressing is urea, amount of application 23kg/mu.
Preferably, the potassium deficiency is lacked in calcium rice field, the physical and chemical parameter of topsoil is as follows: total carbon accounting 2.13%,
Total nitrogen accounting 7.6%, available phosphorus 0.0073gkg-1, effective potassium 0.0076gkg-1, effective calcium 0.708gkg-1, pH value is
5.1, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 8.91cmolkg-1, it is sandy loam.
Preferably, other farming operations (such as nursery, transplanting, irrigation etc.) during Rice Cropping are according to planting site
General planting mode carries out.
Preferably, the rice straw biomass carbon is made in the following manner: by rice straw natural air drying, by it
After being cut into 0.5-1cm, pyrolysis charring 2 hours under 500 DEG C of anoxia conditions cool down 24 hours at room temperature, obtain rice straw
Biomass carbon.
Further, moisture content≤10% after the rice straw natural air drying.
Further, the rice straw biomass carbon partial size is 1-3mm, carbon content 53wt.%, nitrogen content 1-
2wt.%.
This method can influence Nitrogen Cycling from many soil characteristics such as physics, chemistry, biology, influence ammoxidation and nitre
Change denitrification process, reduces Soil surface water NH4 +Concentration slows down nitrogen loss, improves nitrogenous fertilizer and plant recovery of nutrient, especially centrally
Biomass carbon cooperation compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy application can be withheld application nutrient to a certain extent and soil is supported by Producing Area Soil
Point, promote ammoxidation process while increasing Potassium in Soils, calcium content, reduces ammonia emission and improve rice yield；Rice straw is raw
Why the cooperation compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy application of substance charcoal can be reduced ammonia emission, withholds nitrogen, improves fertilizer efficiency, promotes rice long
Phase volume increase, is primarily due to:
1) biomass carbon has high-specific surface area, high porosity and surface functional group abundant, so that biomass carbon is inhaled
The attached urea that withholds decomposes the NH generated4 +, and biomass carbon has a large amount of cation exchange site points, can directly send out with alkaline gas
Raw ion exchange, while the acid oxygen-containing functional group on biomass carbon surface can also be chemically reacted with ammonia, can be fixed
To biomass carbon surface, Soil surface water NH is reduced4 +Concentration, to weaken ammonia volatilization.2) biomass carbon absorption ammonia nitrogen is irreversible,
Being turned again to by the ammonia nitrogen that biomass carbon adsorbs still has stronger crop utilizability, and the ammonia nitrogen being adsorbed is avoided to turn again to
In Soil surface water.3) ammoxidation process is the key link of soil nitrogen circulation, and biomass carbon returning to the field can be obviously improved paddy soil
The gene copy number of AOA and AOB is conducive to the nitrification potentiality for improving soil, promotes paddy soil nitrification, increases to ammonium state
The utilization of nitrogen.Biomass carbon returning to the field reduces the NH of Soil surface water by promoting nitrification4 +- N concentration (Fig. 4), to be conducive to drop
Low paddy soil ammonia volatilization.4) biomass carbon is increasing soil fertility, while withholding soil fertility, reduces nitrogen loss,
Nitrogen utilization efficiency is increased, has not only ensured rice yield, but also reduce ammonia emission.
The present invention is with being suitable for improveing in the barren rice of south China nutrient low yield.The present invention has following beneficial to effect
Fruit: it can be realized rice and protect reduction ammonia volatilization discharge while producing volume increase, hence it is evident that improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce Rice Cropping mistake
Fertilizer cost in journey；It can reduce as far as possible due to loss of chemical fertilizer bring agricultural non-point source pollution；It can be avoided crop straw burning
Bring problem of environmental pollution realizes that rice straw is turned waste into wealth.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is influence of the rice straw biomass carbon application to rice yield；
Fig. 2 is influence of the rice straw biomass carbon application to paddy soil ammonia emission total amount；
Fig. 3 is influence of the rice straw biomass carbon application to paddy soil ammonia emission flux；
Fig. 4 is influence of the rice straw biomass carbon application to paddy soil Soil surface water ammonia nitrogen concentration.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated and is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.Each implementation in the present invention
The technical characteristic of mode can carry out the corresponding combination under the premise of not conflicting with each other.
Biomass carbon returning to the field proving ground is established in the Hangzhou Yuhang District town Jing Shan, the physiochemical properties of soil is as follows:
Topsoil total carbon accounting 2.13%, total nitrogen accounting 7.6%, available phosphorus 0.0073gkg-1, effective potassium 0.0076gkg-1, effective calcium 0.708gkg-1, pH value (1:2.5H2It O) is 5.1, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 8.91cmolkg-1, it is sandy loam.
Field trial sets 2 processing, respectively conventional fertilizer application control (CK) and rice straw biomass carbon (RSC).Each processing sets 3
It repeats.Amount to 6 experimental plots, each experimental plot size is 4m × 5m, and test is set using randomized complete-block design method
Meter.For the independence for guaranteeing cell unit, in addition to isolation strip is arranged in minizone, ridge is isolated in four sides prevents from going here and there with film coating
Water, film top paving bluestone board sample so that experimenter walks.
The test method of RSC group is as follows:
Rice straw biomass carbon the preparation method is as follows: by rice straw natural air drying, guarantee moisture content≤10%；It will
After it is cut into 0.5-1cm, pyrolysis charring 2 hours under 500 DEG C of anoxia conditions cool down 24 hours at room temperature, obtain rice straw
Stalk biomass carbon, partial size 1-3mm, by percentage to the quality, and carbon content 53%, nitrogen content 1%-2%.
The last week is transplanted in rice seedling, above-mentioned rice straw biomass carbon is disposably added in the ratio of 0.19t/mu
Into rice field, it is uniformly mixed between earth's surface 0-20cm by plowed soils, during which area water in field is kept to be no more than 1cm.
Start to pour water within 2-3 days before shoot transplanting equipment, maintains field depth of water 3-5cm.
On the day before rice transplanting, to paddy field basal dressing, including urea 31kg mu-1, phosphate fertilizer (in terms of P) 1kg mu-1,
Potash fertilizer (in terms of K) 15kg mu-1；After rice transplanting 20 days, first time topdressing is carried out, applies 23kg mu-1Urea, after 20 days
After carry out second of top dressing, apply 23kg mu-1Urea.Remaining carries out nursery, transplanting, irrigation according to rice general planting mode
Deng.
For the test method of CK group compared with RSC group, difference, which is only that in paddy soil, does not add rice straw biomass
Charcoal, remaining way are consistent.
By measuring the yield of rice maturity, venting method is absorbed with phosphoglycerol-bilayer sponge and measures paddy soil ammonia
Gas volatile quantity measures Soil surface water ammonium nitrogen concentration with reagent colorimetric method, reacts straw biomass charcoal to paddy field ammonia volatilization
Reduction effect.
Fig. 1 the result shows that, applied once 0.19t/mu rice straw biomass carbon, rice still can be realized volume increase, phase
Than in blank control group, straw biomass charcoal returning to the field can significantly improve rice yield, 7% or more volume increase.
Fig. 2 the result shows that, applied once 0.19t/mu rice straw biomass carbon can effectively reduce paddy field ammonia volatilization
Discharge amount, rice straw biomass carbon returning to the field by reduce 12% or more ammonia volatilization total emission volumn.
Fig. 3 the result shows that, applied once 0.19t/mu rice straw biomass carbon can be aobvious in the ammonia volatilization particle emission peak phase
It writes and reduces ammonia volatilization.
Fig. 4 the result shows that, rice straw biomass carbon reduce ammonia volatilization mechanism reside in reduced Soil surface water ammonia nitrogen concentration.
To sum up, 0.19t/mu straw biomass charcoal is applied to paddy field and can significantly cut down while guaranteeing volume increase
Ammonia volatilization can save fertilizer, reduce pollution of area source, improve agricultural performance.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, so it is not intended to limiting the invention.Have
The those of ordinary skill for closing technical field can also make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Change and modification.Therefore all mode technical solutions obtained for taking equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, all fall within guarantor of the invention
It protects in range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon, which is characterized in that rice
Water and fertilizer management measure in planting process is as follows:
The last week is transplanted in rice seedling, rice straw biomass carbon is disposably added to potassium deficiency in proportion and lacks calcium rice field, is turned over
Soil is ploughed, it is uniformly mixed between earth's surface 0-20cm, during which area water in field is kept to be no more than 1cm；
Start to pour water within 2-3 days before shoot transplanting equipment, maintains field depth of water 3-5cm；
On the day before rice transplanting, to paddy field basal dressing；After rice transplanting 18~22 days, first time topdressing is carried out, after 18
Second of top dressing is carried out after~22 days.
2. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, the additive amount of the rice straw biomass carbon is 0.19t/mu.
3. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, the base manure includes urea 31kg mu-1, phosphate fertilizer 1kg/mu in terms of P, and the potash fertilizer 15kg/mu in terms of K.
4. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, first time topdressing is urea, amount of application 23kg/mu.
5. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, first time topdressing is urea, amount of application 23kg/mu.
6. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, the potassium deficiency is lacked in calcium rice field, the physical and chemical parameter of topsoil is as follows: total carbon accounting 2.13%, total nitrogen accounts for
Than 7.6%, available phosphorus 0.0073gkg-1, effective potassium 0.0076gkg-1, effective calcium 0.708gkg-1, pH value 5.1, sun
Ion exchange capacity 8.91cmolkg-1, it is sandy loam.
7. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, other farming operations during Rice Cropping are carried out according to planting site general planting mode.
8. according to claim 1 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, the rice straw biomass carbon is made in the following manner: rice straw natural air drying is cut to
After 0.5-1cm, pyrolysis charring 2 hours under 500 DEG C of anoxia conditions cool down 24 hours at room temperature, obtain rice straw biomass
Charcoal.
9. according to claim 8 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, moisture content≤10% after the rice straw natural air drying.
10. according to claim 8 protect the method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge using rice straw biomass carbon,
It is characterized in that, the rice straw biomass carbon partial size is 1-3mm, carbon content 53wt.%, nitrogen content 1-2wt.%.
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| CN111040768A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation of bentonite modified hydrothermal carbon material and application of bentonite modified hydrothermal carbon material in non-point source pollution emission reduction |
| CN115399207A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-29 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Dry land rice cultivation method |
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| CN108901287A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of fertilizing method reducing rice cadmium content in cadmium pollution rice field |
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| CN102308687A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-01-11 | 南京农业大学 | Straw biologic black charcoal soil treating method for decreasing discharge of nitrous oxide in farmland |
| CN102422734A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil |
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| CN111040768A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation of bentonite modified hydrothermal carbon material and application of bentonite modified hydrothermal carbon material in non-point source pollution emission reduction |
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| CN115399207A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-29 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Dry land rice cultivation method |
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