CN102422734A - Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil - Google Patents
Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102422734A CN102422734A CN2011102705643A CN201110270564A CN102422734A CN 102422734 A CN102422734 A CN 102422734A CN 2011102705643 A CN2011102705643 A CN 2011102705643A CN 201110270564 A CN201110270564 A CN 201110270564A CN 102422734 A CN102422734 A CN 102422734A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve paddy field soil. The method comprises the following steps of 1) pyrolyzing and charring rice straws at 350-450 DEG C into rice straw biomass carbon, crushing the rice straw biomass carbon to 50-80 meshes; 2) plowing soil before 1-2 weeks seeding rice, wherein the plowing depth is 10-25 cm; applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25 kg/mu, wherein the ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 15 to 15 to 15; and then applying the rice straw biomass carbon on the soil surface, plowing the soil to mix the biomass and the soil fully, wherein the applying quantity of the rice straw biomass carbon in part by weight is 1 part of soil to 0.4-1.5 parts of straw biomass carbon. The method provided by the invention has low cost and is free from secondary pollution, can be used for improving chemical and physical properties of the soil, improving the soil fertility and increasing the productivity of farmland.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves water paddy soil, the biomass carbon that especially utilizes the rice straw charing to obtain is improved the method for water paddy soil.
Background technology
China's land resources total amount is abundant, about 1,800,000,000 mu of arable area, but middle-and-low-yielding fields account for 77.5% (per mu yield is a step for 150 kilograms), have a strong impact on productivity of land.With Zhejiang Province is example, as main vegetables and grain-production district, and more than 100 ten thousand hectares of Zhejiang Province's paddy field areas, and the low yield paddy field accounts for significant proportion in the paddy field of having developed at present.These paddy soil contents of organic matter are low, and soil acidification is serious, and nutrient is held and stayed ability, and productivity is low, has a strong impact on the paddy rice standardized work, and become one of key factor of restriction rice yield raising.
For low place of production soil in improveing, country widelys popularize the straw directly returning to field technology.Can improve soil organic matter content to a certain extent through straw directly returning to field, improve soil structure, reach the preserve moisture and fertility purpose.Yet straw directly returning to field exists photosynthetic organic carbon degraded mineralising rapid, and soil organic matter content promotes limited, the C/N ratio imbalance, and soil productivity is improved a series of problems such as not obvious and the surge of greenhouse gases discharge of methane amount.
The rice straw biomass carbon be one type by rice straw living beings pyrolysis charring forms under 300 ℃ of-700 ℃ of cryogenic conditions one type of height aromatization infusibility solid matter.Research shows that biomass carbon can regulate soil pH, improves the degree of base saturation of soil, strengthens the soil water-retaining performance, improves soil porosity and air capacity of soils, promotes the formation of soil aggregate, thereby improves soil physicochemistry character.On the other hand; The biomass carbon pore structure is flourishing; Has huge specific surface area, a large amount of surface negative charge and very high charge density; Nutrient material to existing with the exchangeable species form in the soil has stronger adsorption capacity, can effectively prevent soil nutrient leaching loss, reaches to protect the fertilizer efficiency fruit.In addition, biomass carbon contains abundant mineral element, can effectively improve the paddy soil mineral nutrition.Nearest research shows that also the biomass carbon people can significantly reduce paddy soil CH for applying
4And NO
xIsothermal chamber gas purging amount.
Therefore, the rice straw biomass carbon can be used as a kind of middle low-yield paddy field soil conditioner.The low-yield paddy field soil fertility promotes in realizing through the physicochemical property that provides and store nutritive element and improve soil, promotes paddy growth, improves rice yield, reaches simultaneously that carbon stores and the target of carbon emission reduction, has broad application prospects.Yet, rice biological matter straw low temperature charcoal also in the field improvement low place of production technical research still be in the starting stage, use biomass carbon application in the improvement of the low place of production in China paddy rice of rice straw living beings low temperature pyrogenation preparation and do not see relevant report as yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of also method of field improvement water paddy soil of rice straw charing of utilizing,, improve rice yield to realize promoting the water paddy soil fertility.
The also method of field improvement water paddy soil of rice straw charing of utilizing of the present invention, its step is following:
1) rice straw is changed into the rice straw biomass carbon at 350-450 ℃ of pyrolytic carbon, be crushed to the 50-80 order;
2) 1-2 week plowed soils before the rice growing, ploughing depth is 10-25cm, applies compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25kg/ mu, N:P in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer
2O
5: K
2O=15:15:15 imposes on upper soll layer with the rice straw biomass carbon then, turn over to make biomass carbon and the abundant mixing of soil, amount of application by weight: 1 part in soil, straw biomass charcoal 0.4-1.5 part.
Above-mentioned changes into the rice straw biomass carbon with rice straw at 350-450 ℃ of pyrolytic carbon, can adopt the disclosed device of Chinese patent CN101984017A " being used for and the biomass carbon in field is produced and the waste heat gas recycle device ".This device can go out charcoal continuously, also need not external energy simultaneously, in process, need not add any combustion adjuvant, just can charing by consuming part stalk heat energy.
Among the present invention, be for low-yield land preferred water rice straw biomass carbon amount of application: by weight, 1 part in soil, straw biomass charcoal 0.8-1.5 part.
Among the present invention, be for middle product field preferred water rice straw biomass carbon amount of application: by weight, 1 part in soil, straw biomass charcoal 0.4-0.8 part.
The middle-and-low-yielding fields criteria for classifying is according to DB34/T109-1995, and output limit value 4.0-5.5 is 1 grade in middle product field; Output limit value 5.6-7.0 is 2 grades in middle product field; Output limit value 7.1-8.5 is 1 grade of a low-yield land; Output limit value 8.6-10 is 2 grades of low-yield lands; Output limit value＞10 are 3 grades of low-yield lands.
With existing straw directly returning to field compared with techniques, the biomass carbonated also field technology of rice straw has following remarkable advantage:
(1) improves soil physico-chemical property
The rice straw biomass carbon physicochemical property of can improving the soil, research shows that stalk charcoal particle can reduce soil density, promotes the absorption and the maintenance of soil nutrient ion; Improve soil permeability; Improve the nutritive element in the soil, promote plant growth, improve output.The rice straw biomass carbon hole of firing under 350-450 ℃ of temperature is abundant, and specific surface area is big, and high adsorption capacity can effectively reduce the loss of available nutrient, increases soil fertility, and increases the field productivity.
(2) increasing production of rice is obvious
Under the identical situation of nutrient content, also to compare with the rice field of using general composite fertilizer in the rice field of field transformation through charing, output has obvious increase, and the raising the output scope can reach 10-15%.
(3) realize carbon fixation and emission reduction
The rice straw biomass carbon of firing under 350-450 ℃ of temperature, than common charcoal, character is more stable, can with carbonic acid gas with the stores of stable state carbon in soil, realize the carbon sedimentation, reduce carbon emission.
(4) with rice straw biomass resource charing field also, with low cost, non-secondary pollution; The photosynthetic organic carbon mineralization that has overcome the straw directly returning to field existence is rapid, and the soil organic matter increases limited, the C/N ratio imbalance; Soil fertility promotes not obvious, defectives such as the rapid increase of greenhouse gas emission.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment experimental field is 1 grade of a low-yield land, and the experiment selected rice varieties is excellent No. 5 of hybridization stalk rice show, about 2 mu of cultivated area, and concrete operations may further comprise the steps:
1) rice straw is changed into the rice straw biomass carbon at 350-450 ℃ of pyrolytic carbon, be crushed to 70 orders with cracker;
2) rice growing preceding 2 all plowed soils, ploughing depth is 15cm, applies compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25kg/ mu, N:P in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer
2O
5: K
2O=15:15:15 imposes on upper soll layer with the rice straw biomass carbon then, turn over once more to make biomass carbon and the abundant mixing of soil, amount of application by weight: 1 part in soil, 1 part of straw biomass charcoal.
In the paddy field cultivation paddy rice of above-mentioned improvement, 10 days after-applied topdressing of rice transplanting.Paddy field moisture adopts the Routine Management mode.
In paddy field soil,, compare the contrast rice field of not adding the rice straw biomass carbon through enforcement of the present invention; The soil pH that adds the stalk charcoal is promoted to 6.9-7.2 from 6.2-6.5; The bulk density of soil, electrical conductivity and CEC etc. all have improvement, acrial part biomass to compare control soil increases by 24.0%, and the rice yield comparison is according to increasing by 14.4%; Obvious effect of increasing production reaches middle-and-low-yielding fields improvement purpose.
Carrying out paddy rice once more in same experimental field in 1 year plants; Further do not adding under the situation of rice straw biomass carbon; Compare the conventional fertilizer application contrast rice field of not adding the rice straw biomass carbon; The paddy rice that adds the rice straw biomass carbon still can increase production 13.8%, shows that the rice straw biomass carbon artificially imports the rice field and can reach the purpose that continues low yield paddy field in the improvement.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment experimental field is 2 grades in middle product field, and the experiment selected rice varieties is excellent No. 5 of hybridization stalk rice show, about 2 mu of cultivated area, and concrete operations may further comprise the steps:
1) rice straw is changed into the rice straw biomass carbon at 350-450 ℃ of pyrolytic carbon, be crushed to 80 orders with cracker;
2) rice growing preceding 2 all plowed soils, ploughing depth is 15cm, applies compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25kg/ mu, N:P in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer
2O
5: K
2O=15:15:15 imposes on upper soll layer with the rice straw biomass carbon then, turn over once more to make biomass carbon and the abundant mixing of soil, amount of application by weight: 1 part in soil, 0.5 part of straw biomass charcoal.
Use the paddy rice of planting behind the biomass carbon, rice transplanting applies according to different disposal after 10 days and topdresses.
In paddy field soil,, compare the contrast rice field of not adding the straw biomass charcoal through enforcement of the present invention; The soil pH that adds the stalk charcoal is promoted to 6.7-7.2 from 5.9-6.3; The paddy rice growing way obviously is superior to blank the processing, and the increasing production of rice effect is remarkable, and the rice yield comparison is according to increasing by 13.5%.
Through embodiment 1 and example 2; Can draw: adopt the inventive method; Adding the rice straw biomass carbon can make middle low yield water paddy soil physicochemical property improve by (table 1): acid ground is adjusted to neutrality, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon soil property such as (SOC) all have improvement in various degree.In addition, biomass carbon has been held back certain effect (table 2) to nutrient, and rice yield improves a lot.Embodiment fully shows the inventive method scientific and effective, practical, and centering low yield paddy field improvement engineering is significant.
Table 1: embodiment soil pH, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon situation of change
Table 2: embodiment rice field nitrogen material situation of change
。
Claims (3)
1. utilize the also method of field improvement water paddy soil of rice straw charing, it is characterized in that step is following:
1) rice straw is changed into the rice straw biomass carbon at 350-450 ℃ of pyrolytic carbon, be crushed to the 50-80 order;
2) 1-2 week plowed soils before the rice growing, ploughing depth is 10-25cm, applies compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25kg/ mu, N:P in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer
2O
5: K
2O=15:15:15 imposes on upper soll layer with the rice straw biomass carbon then, turn over to make biomass carbon and the abundant mixing of soil, amount of application by weight: 1 part in soil, straw biomass charcoal 0.4-1.5 part.
2. the also method of field improvement water paddy soil of rice straw charing of utilizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that said amount of application by weight: 1 part in soil, straw biomass charcoal 0.8-1.5 part.
3. the also method of field improvement water paddy soil of rice straw charing of utilizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that said amount of application by weight: 1 part in soil, straw biomass charcoal 0.4-0.8 part.
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103416128A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-12-04 | 上海理工大学 | Method for soil improve by utilizing rice husk power residue |
| CN103891450A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-02 | 西南大学 | Method for improving pH value of acid soil through biomass ash |
| CN104813885A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-05 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Production method for cadmium-polluted rice land governing and rice cadmium reduction |
| CN105325089A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-17 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for improving organic ripening of yellow-clayey field |
| CN105612897A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-01 | 常州大学 | Carbon sequestration effect technology of biochar in rice field |
| CN105723904A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-07-06 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving and enhancing efficiency of potassium-deficient and calcium-poor rice field by utilizing biomass charcoal |
| CN105794351A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-27 | 常州大学 | Carbon-fixing and discharge-reducing method for biological carbon in southern-and-northern rice field system |
| CN106085439A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Utilize the method that forest and agricultural biomass prepares biomass carbon improvement Acid Paddy Soils |
| CN106967433A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-21 | 芜湖青弋江种业有限公司 | A kind of rice straw biomass carbon is the soil-repairing agent and its production method of raw material |
| CN107493907A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat stain evil stress, the method for promotion wheat increase yield in a kind of alleviation Rice-wheat rotation system |
| CN108156873A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of method using biomass carbon recuperated vegetable plastic shed soil |
| CN109548598A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-02 | 浙江大学 | The method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge is protected using rice straw biomass carbon |
| WO2019114272A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 陈秋玲 | Method for preparing soil treating agent for reducing acidity |
| CN112979356A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-06-18 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Application of microbial gene abundance and extracellular enzyme activity in straw returning and carbon fixation |
| CN114874050A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-09 | 常州大学 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws |
| CN114871267A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 贵州省植物园 | Soil improvement method for planting dictyophora rubrovolvata in acidic yellow soil |
| CN115254934B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-07-04 | 华中科技大学 | Method for removing Cd in paddy field soil by jointly regulating and controlling soil conductivity through biochar |
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Cited By (19)
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| CN103416128A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-12-04 | 上海理工大学 | Method for soil improve by utilizing rice husk power residue |
| CN103891450A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-02 | 西南大学 | Method for improving pH value of acid soil through biomass ash |
| CN105325089A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-17 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for improving organic ripening of yellow-clayey field |
| CN104813885B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2017-05-03 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Production method for cadmium-polluted rice land governing and rice cadmium reduction |
| CN104813885A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-05 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Production method for cadmium-polluted rice land governing and rice cadmium reduction |
| CN105612897A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-01 | 常州大学 | Carbon sequestration effect technology of biochar in rice field |
| CN105723904A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-07-06 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving and enhancing efficiency of potassium-deficient and calcium-poor rice field by utilizing biomass charcoal |
| CN105794351A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-27 | 常州大学 | Carbon-fixing and discharge-reducing method for biological carbon in southern-and-northern rice field system |
| CN106085439A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Utilize the method that forest and agricultural biomass prepares biomass carbon improvement Acid Paddy Soils |
| CN106967433A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-21 | 芜湖青弋江种业有限公司 | A kind of rice straw biomass carbon is the soil-repairing agent and its production method of raw material |
| CN107493907A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat stain evil stress, the method for promotion wheat increase yield in a kind of alleviation Rice-wheat rotation system |
| WO2019114272A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 陈秋玲 | Method for preparing soil treating agent for reducing acidity |
| CN108156873A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of method using biomass carbon recuperated vegetable plastic shed soil |
| CN109548598A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-02 | 浙江大学 | The method for producing and increasing production and reduce ammonia volatilization discharge is protected using rice straw biomass carbon |
| CN109548598B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-02-23 | 浙江大学 | Method for increasing yield and reducing ammonia volatilization emission by using rice straw biomass charcoal |
| CN112979356A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-06-18 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Application of microbial gene abundance and extracellular enzyme activity in straw returning and carbon fixation |
| CN114871267A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 贵州省植物园 | Soil improvement method for planting dictyophora rubrovolvata in acidic yellow soil |
| CN114874050A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-09 | 常州大学 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws |
| CN115254934B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-07-04 | 华中科技大学 | Method for removing Cd in paddy field soil by jointly regulating and controlling soil conductivity through biochar |
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Application publication date: 20120425 |