CN114874050A - Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws - Google Patents
Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114874050A CN114874050A CN202210621381.XA CN202210621381A CN114874050A CN 114874050 A CN114874050 A CN 114874050A CN 202210621381 A CN202210621381 A CN 202210621381A CN 114874050 A CN114874050 A CN 114874050A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- straws
- straw
- enzyme
- blocks
- soil fertility
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws, which relates to the technical field of soil management and comprises the following steps: s1, preparing enzyme; s2, preparing straw charcoal; s3, mixed preparation: s3-1, distributing straw sections; s3-2, preparing straw charcoal; s3-3, steeping in paddy field; s3-4, and enzyme preparation. The method for improving the soil fertility obtains the most scientific and reasonable application method by processing and compounding the crop straws and the ferment, has the advantages of simple ferment preparation process, environmental protection, low cost, waste recycling, wide application and the like, provides a certain amount of microbial components for the soil, has important effects of improving the soil fertility and promoting the absorption and utilization of plants, contains a large amount of sugar and micromolecular plant components, can increase the number of earthworms in the soil under a certain concentration, and is favorable for improving the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil management, in particular to a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws.
Background
The soil is a substrate for plant growth, a normal soil system can supply and coordinate the requirements of moisture, nutrients, air, heat and the like necessary for the growth and development of plants, but the degradation of the soil system can cause soil hardening, nutrient reduction and productivity reduction, and the soil system becomes an important limiting factor for restricting the agricultural development. Therefore, the research on the improvement method of the soil system has important significance for improving the soil environment and utilizing the land resources. The environment-friendly enzyme is a product containing specific bioactive components, which is prepared by taking waste fruits and vegetables, plants, kitchen garbage and the like as raw materials, adding or not adding sugar and water auxiliary materials and performing microbial fermentation. The environment-friendly ferment is simple in preparation method, low in cost and rich in raw material sources, and is widely applied to the fields of food, medicines, sewage treatment, soil improvement, feed processing and the like in recent years due to the fact that the environment-friendly ferment is rich in various enzymes, organic acids, mineral substances, microorganisms and the like. In the aspect of soil system improvement, the application of the environment-friendly enzyme can improve the soil nutrient content, improve the soil aeration condition, optimize the microbial population structure, improve degraded soil and improve the soil quality. Therefore, the soil fertility is improved by using the environment-friendly enzyme, and the method has important significance for environmental protection.
The environment-friendly enzyme is a product containing specific bioactive components and prepared by fermenting waste fruits and vegetables, plants, kitchen waste and the like, is rich in various enzymes, organic acids, mineral substances and microorganisms, and is an environment-friendly and efficient soil improvement material. The environment-friendly enzyme makes full use of plant wastes, applies the plant wastes to life, changes waste into valuable and is a fermentation product advocated in recent years. Plant garbage is one of organic garbage, such as kitchen garbage of vegetable leaves, fruit peels and the like, and most of the garbage is thrown into a garbage can, so that burden is increased for people who process the garbage, and resources are wasted. The environment-friendly ferment can generate a large amount of microorganisms in the preparation process, contains a large amount of sugar, micromolecular organic matters, phosphorus, potassium and other components, and has an important effect of improving the fertility of soil.
At present, the amount of chemical fertilizers and the amount of pesticides used in agricultural production are gradually increased, and unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers causes the problems of soil agglomeration, insufficient organic matter content, reduced air permeability, soil nutrition loss and the like, so that crop harvest is reduced, and the development requirements of the existing social economy are difficult to meet. Therefore, improvement of soil fertility is required.
The patent CN113773844A discloses a preparation method of an environment-friendly enzyme and an application of the environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation, water, plant kitchen residues and sugar are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:3:1, then the mixture is placed in a sealed container and fermented for more than three months in a shady and ventilated place, the obtained supernatant liquid is an environment-friendly enzyme stock solution, and the prepared environment-friendly enzyme stock solution can be used as or used for preparing a soil heavy metal passivation material; the preparation method is simple, and has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost, wide application and the like, but the method has limited repair capability and has no obvious effect on improving the soil fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws comprises the following steps:
s1, enzyme preparation:
s1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:3-5:10-13, putting into a closed container, stirring, covering tightly and sealing after stirring for 30min, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp;
s1-2: precipitating the enzyme raw pulp obtained in the step S1-1, taking supernatant, adding distilled water into the supernatant for dilution, wherein the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1: 250-1000 to obtain enzyme application liquid;
s2, preparing straw charcoal:
s2-1: cleaning and drying crop straws, crushing the dried crop straws through a screen with 8-12 meshes to obtain straw powder, and sealing and storing the straw powder for later use;
s2-2: putting the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 into a muffle furnace for pyrolysis at the temperature of 320-350 ℃ for 3-5h, and then naturally cooling to obtain straw carbon;
s3, mixed preparation:
s3-1, straw section distribution: dividing the farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 40-60m 3 Cutting crop straws into small sections, spraying a quick-decomposing agent on the cut crop straw sections, turning over the crop straw sections by a turning-over machine and screwing the crop straw sections into the soil of each block, wherein the turning-over depth is 10-12cm, and the application amount of the crop straw sections is 3-6kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-rotting agent is 0.002-0.003kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 8-12 h;
s3-2, preparing straw charcoal: covering the straw carbon prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw carbon is 0.5-1kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24 hours;
s3-3, steeping field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, soaking in water, pouring 4-5cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, pouring 2-3cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, and simultaneously adding the enzyme solution obtained in step S1-2 at a ratio of 60-90g/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24-30 h;
s3-4, enzyme preparation: draining water from the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, introducing water containing enzyme adding liquid into the two blocks in the north-south-east direction, reserving 0.5-1cm of water layer in the two blocks in the north-south-east direction, and continuously adding the enzyme adding liquid obtained in the step S1-2 into the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, wherein the adding amount of the enzyme adding liquid is 20-30g/m 3 Standing for 24-30h, and naturally evaporating the residual water in the block.
Further, in the step S1-1, the fruit and vegetable peel is a mixture of raw vegetable leaves and apple peel or pear peel in a ratio of 2: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1. The raw materials are easy to select, the cost is low, and the fermentation effect is good.
Further, in the step S1-1, the bottle cap of the sealed container is unscrewed once a day during the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, and after 1 month of fermentation, a pH adjusting agent is added into the sealed container to adjust the pH of the fermentation liquid to 4-5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 20-25 ℃. Ensure that the fermentation liquid can achieve better effect.
Further, the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%. The fermentation of beneficial strains is accelerated, and the growth and the multiplication of harmful strains such as mould and the like are effectively avoided.
Further, the crop straws selected in the step S2-1 and the step S3-1 are rice straws, corn straws or flax straws. The potassium content in the selected crop straws is higher.
Further, the segments of the crop straws in the step S3-1 are 5-8cm segments. The composting and quick decay are convenient to carry out.
Further, in the step S3-1, the quick-rotting agent includes the following components by mass percent: 10-12% of bacillus, 6-7% of filamentous fungi, 4-5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4-5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.2-0.5% of clostridium bardahlii, 15-16% of urea and the balance of distilled water. The quick decomposition agent can effectively promote straw decomposition, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements generated after decomposition can improve soil fertility.
Furthermore, cement ridges are formed between every two adjacent blocks in the step S3-1, and the cement ridges wrap plastic films. Avoid the mutual interference between blocks.
Furthermore, a plurality of drainage channels are arranged in the cement ridges between two adjacent blocks, two ends of each drainage channel are respectively provided with 3 drainage holes with gradually-increased areas from bottom to top, the side walls of the cement ridges at two ends of each drainage channel are provided with chutes, weighting baffles are arranged in the chutes in a sliding manner, the bottoms of the weighting baffles are provided with buffer pads, the bottom ends of the chutes are positioned above soil in the blocks, the top ends of the two weighting baffles are respectively provided with a steel wire rope, the top parts of the cement ridges are provided with driving components, driving motors are arranged in the driving components, the upper ends and the lower ends of the driving motors are respectively provided with driving discs, the two driving discs are respectively wound and connected with the tail ends of the steel wire ropes, the upper surfaces of the cement ridges are provided with brackets for supporting the steel wire ropes, the brackets penetrate through holes arranged in the cement ridges and are hermetically connected with the through holes, and the steel wire ropes corresponding to the driving discs positioned above the driving motors are in a high position, the support below the high-position steel wire rope is detachable, the through hole corresponding to the support is communicated with the drainage channel, the steel wire rope which is originally at the high position can be in a loose state after the support is detached, the weighting baffle is not driven to ascend when the driving disc rotates, and a water level sensor is arranged on one side wall of the cement ridge on one side of the low-position steel wire rope. The flow guiding between the two adjacent blocks can be performed according to the water level requirement in the step S3-4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for improving the soil fertility obtains the most scientific and reasonable application method by processing and compounding the crop straws and the enzyme, has the advantages of simple enzyme preparation process, environmental protection, low cost, waste recycling, wide application and the like, provides a certain amount of microbial components for the soil, has important effects of improving the soil fertility and promoting the absorption and utilization of plants, and simultaneously, the enzyme contains a large amount of sugar and micromolecular plant components, can increase the number of earthworms in the soil under a certain concentration, and is beneficial to the improvement of the soil.
(2) The method for improving the soil fertility divides the crop straws into straw carbon and fast-rotting straws to be applied step by step, and simultaneously, the straws and the environment-friendly enzyme are applied together, so that the soil is fertile due to the fact that the straws have components of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like with higher concentration.
(3) According to the method for improving the soil fertility, the soil blocks are divided, and then water layer differentiation is carried out for field soaking, so that the soil activity can be stimulated to the greatest extent, the enzyme consumption is saved, the cost is saved, the arrangement of the drainage channel greatly facilitates the flow guide efficiency between two adjacent blocks, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving soil fertility according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a cement dam in the method for improving soil fertility of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the back structure of a cement ridge in the method for improving soil fertility of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a cement dam in the method for improving soil fertility of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of a drainage hole in the method for improving soil fertility of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the results of the experiment of example 1 of the present invention with that of comparative example 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the results of the experiment of example 3 of the present invention with that of comparative example 3;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the results of the experiment of example 4 of the present invention with that of comparative example 4;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the results of the experiment of example 5 of the present invention with those of comparative example 5.
The device comprises a cement ridge 1, a support 11, a through hole 12, a drainage channel 2, a drainage hole 21, a chute 3, a weighting baffle 4, a cushion pad 5, a steel wire rope 6, a driving component 7, a driving motor 8, a driving disc 81 and a water level sensor 9.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1, enzyme preparation:
s1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peel and water according to a mass ratio of 1:4:12, putting into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw juice, wherein the fruit and vegetable peel is prepared by mixing raw vegetable leaves and apple peel in a ratio of 2: 1, loosening a bottle cap of a sealed container once a day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealed container after fermenting for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquor to 4.5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 23 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the enzyme raw pulp obtained in the step S1-1, taking supernatant, adding distilled water into the supernatant for dilution, wherein the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1: 250, obtaining enzyme application liquid;
s2, preparing straw charcoal:
s2-1: cleaning and drying crop straws, crushing the dried crop straws, and screening the crushed crop straws with a 10-mesh screen to obtain straw powder, sealing and storing the straw powder for later use, wherein the selected crop straws are rice straws;
s2-2: putting the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 into a muffle furnace, pyrolyzing for 4 hours at 340 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain straw carbon;
s3, mixed preparation:
s3-1, straw section distribution: dividing a farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 50m 3 Building cement ridges 1 at intervals between every two adjacent blocks, wrapping the cement ridges with plastic films, chopping crop straws into 6cm small sections, spraying a quick-rotting agent on the chopped crop straw sections, turning over the crop straw sections by a turning-over machine and screwing the crop straw sections into the soil of each block, wherein the turning-over depth is 11cm, and the application amount of the crop straw sections is 4kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-rotting agent is 0.0025kg/m 3 Standing for 10 hours, wherein the selected crop straws are rice straws, and the quick-decomposing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of bacillus, 6% of filamentous fungi, 4% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.3% of clostridium bardayanum, 16% of urea and the balance of distilled water;
s3-2, preparing straw charcoal: covering the straw carbon prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw carbon is 0.7kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24 hours;
s3-3, steeping field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, soaking in water, pouring 4.5cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, pouring 2.5cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, and simultaneously applying the enzyme obtained in step S1-2Adding liquid with the amount of 70g/m 3 Standing and reacting for 28 hours;
s3-4, enzyme preparation: draining water from the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, introducing water containing enzyme adding liquid into the two blocks in the north-south-east direction, keeping water layer of 0.75cm in the two blocks in the north-south-east direction, and continuously adding the enzyme adding liquid obtained in the step S1-2 into the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, wherein the adding amount of the enzyme adding liquid is 25g/m 3 The reaction was allowed to stand for 26h, and then the remaining water in the block was allowed to evaporate naturally.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that:
as shown in fig. 2-5, a plurality of drainage channels 2 are arranged in the cement ridge 1 between two adjacent blocks, two ends of each drainage channel 2 are respectively provided with 3 drain holes 21 with gradually enlarged areas from bottom to top, the side walls of the cement ridges 1 at two ends of the drainage channels 2 are provided with sliding grooves 3, weighting baffles 4 are arranged in the sliding grooves 3 in a sliding manner, the bottoms of the weighting baffles 4 are provided with buffer cushions 5, the bottom ends of the sliding grooves 3 are positioned above soil in the blocks, the top ends of the two weighting baffles 4 are respectively provided with a steel wire rope 6, the top of the cement ridge 1 is provided with a driving component 7, the driving component 7 is internally provided with a driving motor 8, the driving motor 8 is a commercial double-shaft driving motor, the upper end and the lower end of the driving motor 8 are respectively provided with driving disks 81, the two driving disks 81 are respectively connected with the tail ends of the steel wire rope 6 in a winding manner, the upper surface of the cement ridge 1 is provided with a bracket 11 for supporting the steel wire rope 6, the bracket 11 penetrates through a through hole 12 arranged in the cement ridge 1 and is connected with the through hole 12 in a sealing manner, the steel wire rope 6 corresponding to the driving disc 81 positioned above the driving motor 8 is in a high position, the support 11 positioned below the steel wire rope 6 in the high position is detachable, the through hole 12 corresponding to the support 11 is communicated with the drainage channel 2, the steel wire rope 6 in the high position can be in a loose state after the support 11 is detached, the weighting baffle 4 is not driven to ascend when the driving disc 81 rotates, a water level sensor 9 is arranged on one side wall of the cement ridge 1 on one side of the steel wire rope 6 in the low position, and the water level sensor 9 is a commercially available product.
The working principle is as follows:
when the process proceeds to step S3-3, after pouring a 3cm deep water layer into the two blocks in the northwest-southeast direction, the enzyme-applied liquid obtained in step S1-2 needs to be poured continuously, the bracket 11 originally positioned below the steel wire rope 6 at the high position is taken down to keep the steel wire rope 6 in a loose state, then the driving motor 8 is started to drive the driving discs 81 at the upper end and the lower end to rotate, the steel wire rope 6 is wound by the rotating disc 81, at the moment, the lower rotating disc 81 uses the steel wire rope 6 to pull up the weighting baffle 4, the upper rotating disc 81 is wound on the steel wire rope 6 in a loose state, so that the weighting baffle 4 is not pulled up, then enzyme application liquid is injected into the through hole 12, the enzyme application liquid is discharged from the water discharging hole 21 on one side of the steel wire rope 6 at the lower position, after the enzyme application liquid is injected, the support 11 is installed back into the through hole 12, and the steel wire rope 6 is lapped above the support 11;
when the enzyme preparation needs diversion in the step S3-4, the driving motor 8 is started to drive the driving discs 81 at the upper end and the lower end to rotate, the steel wire rope 6 is wound through the rotating discs 81, the weighting baffle 4 is pulled up by the steel wire rope 6, the weighting baffle 4 slides along the sliding groove 3, the drain holes 21 are leaked, water in the high water level block is guided to the low water level block, the water flow is firstly discharged from the uppermost large-aperture drain hole 21, and then is discharged from the small-aperture drain hole 21 after the water level is reduced, so that the impact of the water flow on the cement ridge 1 can be avoided, and the water level change in the two blocks can be timely monitored through the water level sensor 9.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s1, preparing enzyme with different parameters.
S1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peel and water according to a mass ratio of 1:3:10, putting into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw juice, wherein the fruit and vegetable peel is prepared by mixing raw vegetable leaves and apple peel in a ratio of 2: 1, loosening a bottle cap of a sealed container once a day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealed container after the fermentation for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquor to 4, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 20 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the enzyme raw pulp obtained in the step S1-1, taking supernatant, adding distilled water into the supernatant for dilution, wherein the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1: 500, obtaining the ferment application liquid.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s1, preparing enzyme with different parameters.
S1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peel and water according to a mass ratio of 1:5:13, putting into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw juice, wherein the fruit and vegetable peel is prepared by mixing lettuce leaves and pear peel in a ratio of 2: 1, loosening a bottle cap of a sealed container once a day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealed container after fermenting for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquor to 5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the enzyme raw pulp obtained in the step S1-1, taking supernatant, adding distilled water into the supernatant for dilution, wherein the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1: 750, obtaining an enzyme application liquid.
Example 5
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s1, preparing enzyme with different parameters.
S1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peel and water according to a mass ratio of 1:5:10, putting into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp, wherein the fruit and vegetable peel is prepared from raw vegetable leaves and pear peel in a ratio of 2: 1, loosening a bottle cap of a sealed container once a day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealed container after the fermentation for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquor to 4, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the enzyme raw pulp obtained in the step S1-1, taking supernatant, adding distilled water into the supernatant for dilution, wherein the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1: 1000, obtaining enzyme application liquid.
Example 6
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s2, different parameters for preparing the straw carbon.
S2-1: cleaning and drying crop straws, crushing the dried crop straws, and screening the crushed crop straws through an 8-mesh screen to obtain straw powder, and sealing and storing the straw powder for later use, wherein the selected crop straws are corn straws;
s2-2: and (4) putting the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 into a muffle furnace, pyrolyzing the straw powder for 5 hours at 320 ℃, and naturally cooling the straw powder to obtain the straw charcoal.
Example 7
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s2, different parameters for preparing the straw carbon.
S2-1: cleaning and drying crop straws, crushing the dried crop straws, and screening the crushed crop straws with a 12-mesh screen to obtain straw powder, sealing and storing the straw powder for later use, wherein the selected crop straws are flax straws;
s2-2: and (4) putting the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 into a muffle furnace, pyrolyzing the straw powder for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and naturally cooling the straw powder to obtain the straw charcoal.
Example 8
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s3, parameters of the mixed dispense are different.
S3-1, straw section distribution: dividing a farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 40m 3 Building cement ridges 1 at intervals between every two adjacent blocks, wrapping the cement ridges with plastic films, chopping crop straws into 5cm small sections, spraying a quick-rotting agent on the chopped crop straw sections, turning over the crop straw sections by a turning-over machine and screwing the crop straw sections into the soil of each block, wherein the turning-over depth is 10cm, and the application amount of the crop straw sections is 3kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-rotting agent is 0.002kg/m 3 Standing for 8 hours, wherein the selected crop straws are corn straws, and the quick-decomposing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of bacillus, 6% of filamentous fungi, 4% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.2% of clostridium bardayanum, 15% of urea and the balance of distilled water;
S3-2、preparing straw charcoal: covering the straw carbon prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw carbon is 0.5kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24 hours;
s3-3, steeping field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, soaking in water, pouring 4cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, pouring 2cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, and simultaneously adding the enzyme application liquid obtained in step S1-2 at an amount of 60g/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24 hours;
s3-4, enzyme preparation: draining water from the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, introducing water containing enzyme adding liquid into the two blocks in the north-south-east direction, reserving a water layer of 0.5cm in the two blocks in the north-south-east direction, and continuously adding the enzyme adding liquid obtained in the step S1-2 into the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, wherein the adding amount of the enzyme adding liquid is 20g/m 3 Standing for 24h, and naturally evaporating the residual water in the block.
Example 9
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: s3, parameters of the mix dispense are different.
S3-1, straw section distribution: dividing farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 60m 3 Building cement ridges 1 at intervals between every two adjacent blocks, wrapping the cement ridges with plastic films, chopping crop straws into 8cm small sections, spraying a quick-rotting agent on the chopped crop straw sections, turning over the crop straw sections by a turning-over machine and screwing the crop straw sections into the soil of each block, wherein the turning-over depth is 12cm, and the application amount of the crop straw sections is 6kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-rotting agent is 0.003kg/m 3 Standing for 12 hours, wherein the selected crop straws are flax straws, and the quick-decomposing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of bacillus, 7% of filamentous fungi, 5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5% of clostridium bardahlii, 16% of urea and the balance of distilled water;
s3-2, preparing straw charcoal: will step withThe straw carbon prepared in the step S2-2 covers the upper part of the crop straw section in the step S3-1, and the application amount of the straw carbon is 1kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24 hours;
s3-3, steeping field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, soaking in water, pouring 5cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, pouring 3cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, and simultaneously adding the enzyme application liquid obtained in step S1-2 at an amount of 90g/m 3 Standing and reacting for 30 hours;
s3-4, enzyme preparation: emptying water in the two blocks in the north-south-west direction, simultaneously introducing water containing enzyme application liquid in the two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction into the two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, reserving 1cm of water layer in the two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, and continuously applying the enzyme application liquid obtained in the step S1-2 to the two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, wherein the application amount of the enzyme application liquid is 30g/m 3 And standing for reaction for 30 hours, and then naturally evaporating the residual water in the block.
Examples of the experiments
In the following, a field simulation experiment was performed on the method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively using environmental enzymes and straws in examples 1-5, and the effects of different enzyme dilution factors on soil fertility were mainly observed, and the method is compared with comparative examples 1-5, wherein in comparative examples 1, 3, 4, and 5, only commercially available enzymes and straw segments are applied to soil, the application amount of the enzymes and straw segments is completely the same as that in examples 1, 3, 4, and 5, the enzyme dispensing method of the present invention is not used in comparative example 2, and the enzyme application liquid applied to each block is 50g/m 3 Examples 6 to 9 are reasonable adjustments within the parameters given in the present invention, and are not to be compared here.
As shown in fig. 6, the soil fertility improvement method in example 1 using the enzyme application solution, straw char and straw segment application provided by the present invention is more effective in improving N, P, K element in soil than the conventional environmental-friendly enzyme and rice straw on the market;
as shown in fig. 7, the soil fertility improvement method in example 3 using the enzyme application liquid, straw char and straw segment application provided by the present invention is more effective in improving N, P, K element in soil than the commercially available conventional environmental-friendly enzyme and rice straw, wherein the difference of K element is more obvious;
as shown in fig. 8, in example 4, the soil fertility improvement method using the enzyme application liquid, the straw char and the straw segment provided by the present invention is more effective in improving N, P, K element in soil than the conventional environmental-friendly enzyme and rice straw on the market, in example 1: the soil fertility improvement effect under the ferment dilution factor of 750 is the best in the 4 groups of examples, so the parameters of the example can be optimized in the actual production process;
as shown in fig. 9, in example 5, the soil fertility improvement method using the enzyme application solution, the straw char and the straw segment provided by the present invention is more effective in improving N, P, K element in soil than the conventional environmental-friendly enzyme and rice straw on the market, and in example 1: the promotion effect on the K element is smaller under the enzyme dilution multiple of 1000.
Comparing the experimental results of example 2 and comparative example 2, the K element content and the organic matter content in the soil were mainly measured, the time for measuring the residual water layer on the soil surface in the block after 8d from the end of step S3-4 was all naturally evaporated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 experimental results of example 2 and comparative example 2
| Examples | The content of K element is mg/kg | Organic matter content g/kg |
| Example 2 (North east-south west orientation) | 285 | 9.2 |
| Example 2 (North-West-south east orientation) | 283 | 9.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 277 | 9.1 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the increase of K element in soil was large and the increase of organic matter content was small by using the enzyme preparation method of the present invention, and the total amount of enzyme application liquid used in comparative example 2 was 50 × 4-200 g/m 3 In contrast, in comparative example 2, 70 × 2+25 × 2 ═ 190g/m was used 3 It can be seen that the enzyme application liquid used in the embodiment 2 is less, but a more outstanding improvement effect is obtained, which indicates that the enzyme dispensing method of the present invention can scientifically and reasonably maximize the utilization of the enzyme application liquid, and effectively save the cost.
As can be seen by comparing the soil fertility improvement effects in different blocks, the organic matter content in the northwest-southeast direction block is greater than that in the northeast-southwest direction block, which may be due to the earlier use of the enzyme application liquid for field steeping in the northwest-southeast direction block; the content of the K element in the blocks in the north-east-south-west direction is larger than that in the blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, which probably because the water level of the blocks in the north-east-south-west direction is deeper, the K element in the straw is more favorably released.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, enzyme preparation:
s1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:3-5:10-13, putting into a closed container, stirring, covering tightly and sealing after stirring for 30min, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp;
s1-2: precipitating the enzyme raw pulp obtained in the step S1-1, taking supernatant, adding distilled water into the supernatant for dilution, wherein the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1: 250-1000 to obtain enzyme application liquid;
s2, preparing straw charcoal:
s2-1: cleaning and drying crop straws, crushing the dried crop straws through a screen with 8-12 meshes to obtain straw powder, and sealing and storing the straw powder for later use;
s2-2: putting the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 into a muffle furnace for pyrolysis at the temperature of 320-350 ℃ for 3-5h, and then naturally cooling to obtain straw carbon;
s3, mixed preparation:
s3-1, straw section distribution: dividing the farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 40-60m 3 Cutting crop straws into small sections, spraying a quick-decomposing agent on the cut crop straw sections, turning over the crop straw sections by a turning-over machine and screwing the crop straw sections into the soil of each block, wherein the turning-over depth is 10-12cm, and the application amount of the crop straw sections is 3-6kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-rotting agent is 0.002-0.003kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 8-12 h;
s3-2, preparing straw charcoal: covering the straw carbon prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw carbon is 0.5-1kg/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24 hours;
s3-3, steeping field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, soaking in water, pouring 4-5cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction, pouring 2-3cm deep water layer into two blocks in the north-west-south-east direction, and simultaneously adding the enzyme solution obtained in step S1-2 at a ratio of 60-90g/m 3 Standing and reacting for 24-30 h;
s3-4, enzyme preparation: draining water from two blocks in the North-south-West direction, and introducing water containing enzyme-applying liquid into two blocks in the North-south-West directionKeeping 0.5-1cm of water layer in two blocks in the direction, and continuously adding the ferment liquid obtained in step S1-2 to two blocks in the north-east-south-west direction at a ratio of 20-30g/m 3 Standing for 24-30h, and naturally evaporating the residual water in the block.
2. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1-1, the fruit and vegetable peels are lettuce leaves and apple peels or pear peels in a ratio of 2: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.
3. The method for improving soil fertility by using combination of eco-friendly enzymes and straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas is discharged by unscrewing the cap of the sealed container once a day during the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation in step S1-1, the pH of the fermentation solution is adjusted to 4-5 by adding pH adjusting agent into the sealed container after 1 month of fermentation, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 20-25 ℃.
4. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensive utilization of environmental protection enzymes and straws as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pH regulator is citric acid with a mass concentration of 40%.
5. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws according to claim 1, wherein the crop straws selected in the steps S2-1 and S3-1 are rice straws, corn straws or flax straws.
6. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensive utilization of environmental protection enzymes and straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the crop straw in step S3-1 is 5-8 cm.
7. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws according to claim 1, wherein the quick-rotting agent in the step S3-1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-12% of bacillus, 6-7% of filamentous fungi, 4-5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4-5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.2-0.5% of clostridium bardahlii, 15-16% of urea and the balance of distilled water.
8. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environmental-friendly enzymes and straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3-1, cement ridges (1) are formed between every two adjacent blocks, and the cement ridges are wrapped by plastic films.
9. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly enzymes and straws according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of drainage channels (2) are arranged in the cement ridge (1) between two adjacent blocks, two ends of each drainage channel (2) are respectively provided with 3 drainage holes (21) with gradually increased areas from bottom to top, the side walls of the cement ridges (1) at two ends of each drainage channel (2) are provided with sliding grooves (3), weighting baffles (4) are arranged in the sliding grooves (3) in a sliding manner, the bottom of each weighting baffle (4) is provided with a buffer cushion (5), the bottom ends of the sliding grooves (3) are positioned above soil in the blocks, the top ends of the two weighting baffles (4) are respectively provided with a steel wire rope (6), the top of each cement ridge (1) is provided with a driving component (7), and a driving motor (8) is arranged in each driving component (7), the upper end and the lower end of the driving motor (8) are respectively provided with a driving disc (81), the two driving discs (81) are respectively connected with the tail end of the steel wire rope (6) in a winding way, the upper surface of the cement ridge (1) is provided with a bracket (11) for supporting the steel wire rope (6), the support (11) penetrates through a through hole (12) formed in the cement ridge (1) and is connected with the through hole (12) in a sealing mode, the steel wire rope (6) corresponding to the driving disc (81) located above the driving motor (8) is located at a high position, the support (11) located below the steel wire rope (6) located at the high position is detachable, the through hole (12) corresponding to the support (11) is communicated with the drainage channel (2), the steel wire rope (6) originally located at the high position can be in a loose state after the support (11) is detached, the aggravating baffle (4) is not driven to ascend when the driving disc (81) rotates, and a water level sensor (9) is arranged on one side wall of the cement ridge (1) on one side of the steel wire rope (6) located at the low position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210621381.XA CN114874050B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210621381.XA CN114874050B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114874050A true CN114874050A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| CN114874050B CN114874050B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
Family
ID=82679263
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210621381.XA Active CN114874050B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114874050B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102422734A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil |
| CN104488397A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields |
| CN109328522A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-15 | 定远县国浩秸秆综合利用有限公司 | A kind of method that straw-returning increases soil fertility |
| CN110550986A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-10 | 昆明学院 | Carbon-based biological enzyme fertilizer |
| CN111316874A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 辽宁雨禾生态农业发展有限公司 | Enzyme rice planting method |
| CN111567172A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for improving acidic paddy soil by combining hydrothermal carbon and biogas slurry |
| CN113773844A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 青岛大学威海创新研究院 | Preparation method of environment-friendly enzyme and application of environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation |
-
2022
- 2022-06-01 CN CN202210621381.XA patent/CN114874050B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102422734A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil |
| CN104488397A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields |
| CN109328522A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-15 | 定远县国浩秸秆综合利用有限公司 | A kind of method that straw-returning increases soil fertility |
| CN110550986A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-10 | 昆明学院 | Carbon-based biological enzyme fertilizer |
| CN111567172A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for improving acidic paddy soil by combining hydrothermal carbon and biogas slurry |
| CN111316874A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 辽宁雨禾生态农业发展有限公司 | Enzyme rice planting method |
| CN113773844A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 青岛大学威海创新研究院 | Preparation method of environment-friendly enzyme and application of environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114874050B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101225004B (en) | Method for producing soil biological fertilizer by employing compound starter | |
| CN100337993C (en) | Edible fungus chaff green fertilizer | |
| CN101759477B (en) | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and method for preparing same | |
| CN109437989B (en) | Method for preparing culture medium by using pecan shells as raw materials | |
| CN102020360B (en) | Treatment method of rubber production wastewater | |
| CN1054363C (en) | High nutrient composite fertilizer and production method | |
| CN105948841B (en) | Organic fertilizer tank type fermentation method taking mushroom dregs as substrate | |
| CN107311744A (en) | A kind of method that utilization pig manure produces organic fertilizer | |
| CN111574254A (en) | Production process for fermenting organic fertilizer by utilizing Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse | |
| CN1923760A (en) | Biological activity fertilizer produced from hyacinth fermentation slag and method thereof | |
| CN109438135A (en) | Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101696426A (en) | Composite material of marsh gas and method for preparing same | |
| CN102887746A (en) | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by mixing pig manure with sawdust | |
| CN110857261A (en) | Preparation method of edible fungus residue biological organic fertilizer | |
| CN109174909B (en) | Farmer market tailvegetable resource utilization process | |
| CN107032854A (en) | The method that stalk fermentation biogas residue prepares organic fertilizer | |
| CN114874050B (en) | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw | |
| CN110818510A (en) | Efficient organic biological bacterial fertilizer for soil improvement | |
| CN1285156A (en) | Technology for producing vinasse somatic protein fodder by solide aerobic fermentation | |
| CN109678567A (en) | A kind for the treatment of process using stalk and human and animal excreta production organic fertilizer | |
| CN216377979U (en) | Intelligent control device for treating livestock and poultry manure through roller fermentation composting | |
| CN110627539A (en) | Organic fertilizer produced by using vinasse as main raw material | |
| CN104591924A (en) | Environment-friendly particle bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113979794A (en) | Biogas residue organic fertilizer formula for promoting efficient and rapid growth of tung trees | |
| CN111646844A (en) | Novel composite enzyme microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |