CN111574254A - Production process for fermenting organic fertilizer by utilizing Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse - Google Patents
Production process for fermenting organic fertilizer by utilizing Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical production, and relates to a production process for fermenting an organic fertilizer by utilizing Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse. The production process comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a zymophyte agent; (2) adding the fermentation microbial inoculum obtained in the step (1) into vinasse and auxiliary materials to prepare a fermentation raw material; (3) and (3) transporting the fermentation raw materials in the step (2) to a fermentation area, and carrying out composting fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer, wherein the vinasse is Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse, and the fermentation microbial inoculum consists of candida rugosa, bacillus licheniformis, paecilomyces varioti and aspergillus fumigatus. By utilizing the production process disclosed by the invention, the organic fertilizer production is carried out on the Maotai-flavor liquor distiller's grains which are high in acidity, large in viscosity and difficult to degrade under the states of natural pH and natural moisture and no need of adding any additional chemical material, the obtained organic fertilizer meets the national organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the resource and harmless utilization can be more scientifically and more effectively carried out on the distiller's grains after the Maotai-flavor liquor production is finished, and the production process has a wide application prospect in the Maotai-flavor liquor brewing industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical production, and relates to a production process for fermenting an organic fertilizer by utilizing Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse.
Background
The Maotai-flavor solid white spirit distiller's grains are main byproducts of the white spirit industry, have the characteristics of high acidity, high viscosity and difficult degradation, and are main solid wastes in white spirit production. The development of the white spirit industry needs to break through the core and key technology of clean production and resource, harmless and industrial utilization of the distiller's grains for bioconversion, and solve the key problems of the treatment of the distiller's grains in the production process of Maotai-flavor white spirit and the like.
According to statistics, the yield of the soy sauce flavor type white spirit vinasse is about 5.5 times of the white spirit yield, once the vinasse is not in time, the vinasse can be corrupted, and more seriously, the environment is polluted. However, the white spirit waste lees contain abundant starch, protein and various aroma and flavor substances, so that the comprehensive utilization of the white spirit waste lees is possible, and the organic fertilizer production becomes a common way of resource utilization of the waste lees at present. Chinese patent CN201610775953 discloses a "preparation method of vinasse organic fertilizer", which performs proportional fermentation of vinasse, organic matter, functional microbial inoculum and pH regulator according to a certain proportion to realize recycling of vinasse, however, when industrial production of organic fertilizer is performed on a large batch of vinasse, pH regulator is added and preceding operations such as uniform mixing and stirring are required. Chinese patent CN201810274960.5 discloses a vinasse bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, relating to a vinasse bio-organic fertilizer, adding 1 per mill of biochemical fulvic acid potassium into decomposed vinasse, uniformly mixing, crushing by a semi-wet material crusher, sieving by a 3-4mm rotary screen, and adding a microbial inoculum containing a strain with own intellectual property rights to ferment and decompose under the condition of not adjusting pH to prepare the vinasse organic fertilizer, wherein the whole process lasts for 45 days. Chinese patent CN201910710248 discloses a 'grain stillage-straw type bio-organic fertilizer special for sorghum and a production method thereof', wherein organic fertilizer production is carried out by using strong aromatic type, faint scent type and Maotai-flavor type fermented grains with a certain proportion, the method solves the problems of low potassium content and low C/N value of the grain stillage organic fertilizer, the initial pH value of a fermented material needs to be adjusted, the fermentation period is as long as more than 50 days, the grain stillage-straw type bio-organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer special for sorghum and is not suitable for other crops, and the application scenes of the organic fertilizer are greatly reduced.
The method for producing organic fertilizer by vinasse disclosed in the patent literature mostly needs to carry out pretreatment on the vinasse in aspects of acidity, moisture and the like in the production process to carry out normal decomposition and fermentation, has long period and is limited for crop special use, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention develops a method for harmlessly reducing, minimizing and recycling the soy sauce flavor type white spirit waste lees under the conditions of natural pH and natural moisture and no need of adding any chemical material additionally, so as to reduce the influence of the waste lees in the white spirit industry on the environment, increase the income of enterprises and promote the sustainable development of the enterprises.
In one aspect, the invention provides a production method of an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a zymophyte agent; (2) adding the fermentation microbial inoculum obtained in the step (1) into vinasse and auxiliary materials to prepare a fermentation raw material; (3) and (3) transporting the fermentation raw materials in the step (2) to a fermentation area, and carrying out composting and ventilation fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer, wherein the vinasse is Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse, and the fermentation microbial inoculum consists of candida rugosa, bacillus licheniformis, paecilomyces varioti and aspergillus fumigatus.
The liquor is divided into three types of Maotai-flavor liquor, Luzhou-flavor liquor and fen-flavor liquor, and the produced vinasse is correspondingly divided into three types, wherein the acidity of the Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse is very high. The Maotai-flavor solid-state white spirit distiller's grains are main byproducts of the white spirit industry, have the characteristics of high acidity, high viscosity (the viscosity is high, so that microorganisms are difficult to grow) and difficult degradation, and are main solid wastes in white spirit production.
And because the acidity of the Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse is high, the period for producing the organic fertilizer is usually long, and is generally higher than 50 days. Therefore, it is usually necessary to adjust the pH and reduce the acidity, but when a large amount of distiller's grains are used to produce organic fertilizer industrially, it is necessary to add a pH adjuster and perform preliminary operations such as mixing and stirring. Resulting in a complicated process and an increase in production cost.
The inventor unexpectedly discovers through research that the organic fertilizer can be produced by utilizing the natural pH and natural moisture state of the discarded vinasse without adding any chemical material by utilizing the production method disclosed by the invention, the vinasse organic fertilizer meets the national organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the total fermentation time is less than 45 days, the germination index of fertilizer effect seeds can reach more than 80%, and the resource, harmless and industrial utilization of the discarded vinasse is realized while the environment is protected, which is very rare.
In some embodiments, the step (3) is further followed by composting.
In some embodiments, the composting further processing comprises pelletizing, sieving, and packaging.
In some embodiments, the composting fermentation comprises the steps of: (1) first fermentation composting: starting to rise from the composting temperature, fermenting for 3-5 d at the medium temperature of 15-45 ℃ and fermenting for 10-15 d above 45 ℃ at the high temperature; (2) and (3) secondary fermentation: and (3) conveying the fermented wine lees after the first fermentation composting to a post-fermentation chamber for decomposition treatment, wherein the decomposition is achieved when the composting temperature is stabilized at 35-45 ℃.
In some embodiments, the period of the first fermentation is 15 to 20 days.
In some embodiments, the period of the second fermentation is 15 to 25 days.
In some embodiments, in the first fermentation, the temperature begins to decrease when the temperature reaches 60-75 ℃;
in some embodiments, the stirring and turning operation is performed or the aeration is performed when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃.
In some embodiments, the high temperature stage is from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃.
In some embodiments, the high temperature phase is at a temperature above 55 ℃ for a duration of above 7 d.
In some embodiments, when the temperature is increased to 65 ℃ or higher in the high temperature stage, the mixture is stirred for 1-2 times per day.
In some embodiments, the ventilation is a supply of oxygen using mechanical forced ventilation.
In some embodiments, aeration is provided using jet oxygen supply technology.
In some embodiments, the compost is fermented at a heap height of 1-3 m.
In some embodiments, the compost is fermented at a heap height of 1.2-2 m.
In some embodiments, the ventilation rate of the ventilation is 0.05-0.30 m per cubic meter of the material3And/min, the wind pressure is increased by 1000-1500 Pa according to every 1m rise of the pile layer.
The materials need to be stirred or turned regularly during the first fermentation. The temperature is low in two seasons of winter and spring, and the stirring is carried out once in 2-3 days; the temperature is high in summer and autumn, and the stirring is carried out once a day.
In some embodiments, the Candida rugosa has a preservation number of CGMCC No.7902, the Bacillus licheniformis has a preservation number of CGMCC No.7901, the Paecilomyces variotii has a preservation number of CGMCC No.7903, and the Aspergillus fumigatus has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 7904.
In some embodiments, the fermentation inoculum comprises the following components in important parts: 2-4 parts of candida rugosa, 3-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-4 parts of paecilomyces variotii and 3-5 parts of aspergillus fumigatus.
In some embodiments, the fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of candida rugosa, 4-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-3 parts of paecilomyces variotii and 3-4 parts of aspergillus fumigatus.
In some embodiments, the fermentation inoculum comprises the following components in important parts: 3 parts of candida rugosa, 5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts of paecilomyces variotii and 4 parts of aspergillus fumigatus.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent to the vinasse to the auxiliary materials is 0.5-2: 90-98: 3-6.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent to the vinasse to the auxiliary materials is 1-2: 94.5-98: 5-6.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the fermentation inoculum, the vinasse and the auxiliary materials is 1:94: 5.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the fermentation inoculum, the vinasse and the auxiliary materials is 0.5:94.5: 5.
In some embodiments, the adjunct includes waste straw for koji production, air dried distillers grains, composted dry compost; the crushing fineness of the straws is 0.5-2.0 cm.
In some embodiments, in the step (2), the amount of the fermentation inoculum is 0.1-2% of the amount of the distiller's grains.
In some embodiments, the distiller's grains are Maotai-flavor liquor distiller's grains.
In another aspect, the invention provides an organic fertilizer produced by the production method.
In a further aspect, the invention provides application of the organic fertilizer in promoting plant growth.
In some embodiments, the use of the organic fertilizer to promote germination of seeds.
In some embodiments, the plants include, but are not limited to, sorghum, wheat, and cabbage, and the application scenarios are wide.
The Maotai-flavor liquor is liquor with Maotai-flavor style which is prepared by taking sorghum, wheat and water as main raw materials and performing traditional solid state fermentation, distillation, storage and blending, so that the organic fertilizer produced by the invention is preferentially used for planting organic sorghum and wheat, and the invention has the unexpected discovery that the Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse organic fertilizer can be used as crops except sorghum and wheat
A fertilizer for Chinese cabbage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic process flow diagram of aerobic composting fermentation.
FIG. 2 is a structure diagram of a local tank type of aeration fermentation by jet oxygen supply technology.
FIG. 3 is a partial ventilation pipeline diagram of ventilation fermentation by jet oxygen supply technology.
FIG. 4 shows the temperature change during the composting process of Maotai-flavor liquor distiller's grains treated by different processes.
FIG. 5 shows the pH change during the composting process of Maotai-flavor liquor distiller's grains treated by different processes.
FIG. 6 shows the change of water content in the composting process of Maotai-flavor liquor distiller's grains treated by different processes.
FIG. 7 is a comparison of nutrients of organic fertilizer for Maotai-flavor liquor distiller's grains produced by different processes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples, which do not represent limitations to the scope of the present invention. Insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by others of the concepts fall within the scope of the invention.
The technological process for producing the organic fertilizer is shown in figure 1.
In the following examples, the crushing fineness of the straw is 0.5-2.0 cm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preservation number of the candida rugosa is CGMCC No.7902, the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.7901, the preservation number of the paecilomyces variotii is CGMCC No.7903 and the preservation number of the aspergillus fumigatus is CGMCC No. 7904.
The jet oxygen supply technology for ventilation fermentation specifically refers to: jet oxygen supply is a ventilation oxygen supply mode designed aiming at the characteristic of large viscosity of Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse so as to realize the oxygen supply technology with long distance, large impact force and high oxygen utilization rate.
The jet oxygen supply technology of the invention is realized by the following specific structure: building a fermentation tank shown in figure 2 on the ground or the ground of a compost field through a brick-concrete structure, hardening the bottom of the fermentation tank, laying an air duct on the bottom of the fermentation tank, laying the duct by a laying method shown in figure 3, opening a hole above the duct, and covering a supporting water permeable plate on the top of the fermentation tank after the duct is laid to form a fermentation tank. Wherein the materials are placed on the supporting porous plate for fermentation. The supporting porous plate is provided with holes, so that after the materials are placed on the porous plate, redundant moisture in the materials can be discharged from the holes. In addition, the jet oxygen supply structure of the present invention can prevent the clogging of the air hole.
The mode of the fermentation tank for continuously feeding materials specifically refers to that: the material is fed into the fermentation tank in a batch continuous feeding mode to realize production continuity, and meanwhile, the problems of slow temperature rise, long period, high energy consumption, air hole blockage and the like caused by one-time batch feeding are avoided.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of fermentation inoculum
(1) The preservation number of the Candida rugosa is CGMCC No. 7902;
the preparation method of the candida rugosa microbial inoculum comprises the steps of adding candida rugosa into a liquid culture medium, culturing for 2-4 days at 28-30 ℃, and adjusting the thallus concentration of the obtained liquid seed liquid to 1010cfu/mL, inoculating 10% (weight percentage) of sterilized bran at 121 deg.C for 30min, and culturing at 28-30 deg.C for 8-9 days to obtain solid microbial inoculum of single strain.
The liquid culture medium is YPD culture medium, and comprises yeast extract 5g, glucose 20g, and peptone 10g, with natural pH at 118 deg.C for 20 min.
(2) The preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 7901;
the preparation method of the bacillus licheniformis microbial agent comprises the steps of adding bacillus licheniformis into a liquid culture medium, culturing for 1-2 days at 35-37 ℃, and adjusting the concentration of the obtained liquid seed liquid to 1010cfu/mL, inoculating 10% (weight percentage) of sterilized bran at 121 deg.C for 30min, and culturing at 35-37 deg.C for 8-9 days to obtain solid microbial inoculum of single strain.
The liquid culture is beef extract peptone culture medium which comprises 5g of beef extract, 5g of NaCl and 10g of peptone, is prepared by adjusting the pH to 7.2 +/-0.1, and is carried out at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
(3) The collection number of the paecilomyces variotii is CGMCC No. 7903;
the preparation method of the paecilomyces variotii preparation comprises adding paecilomyces variotii into liquid culture medium, culturing at 28-30 deg.C for 2-4 days, and adjusting the thallus concentration of the obtained liquid seed liquid to 1010After cfu/mL, the inoculation amount is 10 percent (weight percentage), the mixture is transferred to bran sterilized for 30min at the temperature of 121 ℃, and the mixture is cultured for 8 to 9 days at the temperature of 28 to 30 ℃ to prepare the solid microbial inoculum of a single strain.
The liquid culture medium is YPD culture medium, and comprises yeast extract 5g, glucose 20g, and peptone 10g, with natural pH at 118 deg.C for 20 min.
(4) The preservation number of the aspergillus fumigatus is CGMCC No. 7904;
the preparation method of the aspergillus fumigatus agent comprises the steps of adding aspergillus fumigatus into a liquid culture medium, culturing for 2-4 days at 28-30 ℃, and adjusting the thallus concentration of the obtained liquid seed liquid to 1010After cfu/mL, the inoculation amount is 10 percent (weight percentage), the mixture is transferred to bran sterilized for 30min at the temperature of 121 ℃, and the mixture is cultured for 8 to 9 days at the temperature of 28 to 30 ℃ to prepare the solid microbial inoculum of a single strain.
The liquid culture medium is YPD culture medium, and comprises yeast extract 5g, glucose 20g, and peptone 10g, with natural pH at 118 deg.C for 20 min.
The preparation method of the vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following steps of: b, bacillus licheniformis: paecilomyces variotii: aspergillus fumigatus 3: 5: 3: and 4, accurately weighing the candida rugosa microbial inoculum, the bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, the paecilomyces variotii microbial inoculum and the aspergillus fumigatus microbial inoculum, and uniformly mixing according to an equivalent incremental method to obtain the Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum.
Example 2 production method of Maotai-flavor organic fertilizer containing distilled grains of white spirit
1. The Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse (initial water content of fresh vinasse is 62% and pH value is 3.5) and auxiliary materials (waste straws in distiller's yeast production) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 0.2:94.8:5, composting is carried out in a fermentation tank mode of continuous feeding, and ventilation fermentation is carried out through a jet oxygen supply technology (see fig. 2 and 3) if necessary, wherein the heap height is 1.5 m.
2. And (3) first fermentation: the temperature of the compost is increased from the beginning, the temperature is controlled to be 15-45 ℃ in a middle temperature stage, the temperature is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ in a high temperature stage, wherein the temperature above 55 ℃ is continued for 7 days, and the temperature reaches the top temperature (about 65-70 ℃) and begins to decrease; when the temperature is increased to above 65 ℃, stirring is carried out twice a day, the subsequent temperature is basically constant, and the total fermentation time is 18 days.
3. And (3) secondary fermentation: and (3) conveying the vinasse after the first fermentation to a post-fermentation chamber for decomposition, and when the total fermentation time reaches 20 days, stabilizing the composting temperature at 40 ℃, controlling the water content to be 25% and controlling the pH value to be 5.5, so that the decomposition standard is reached.
4. The organic fertilizer is detected, wherein the content of organic matters reaches 60 percent, and the total nutrient is (N + P)2O5+K2O) content of 6.2 percent, and the related indexes meet the national organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012).
5. The sorghum seed germination index is 85% determined by adopting a relative seed germination test, and the seed germination index determination method is executed according to national standard GB/T23486-2009 appendix A.
6. And granulating, sieving and packaging the fermented raw materials until finished products are stored.
Example 3 production method of Maotai-flavor organic fertilizer containing distilled grains of white spirit
1. The Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse (initial water content of fresh vinasse is 65% and pH value is 4.5) and auxiliary materials (decomposed dry compost) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 0.5:94.5:5, composting is carried out in a fermentation tank mode of continuous feeding, and ventilation fermentation is carried out through a jet oxygen supply technology (see fig. 2 and 3) if necessary, wherein the heap height is 1.8 m.
2. And (3) first fermentation: the temperature of the compost is increased from the beginning, the temperature is controlled to be 15-45 ℃ in a middle temperature stage, the temperature is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ in a high temperature stage, wherein the temperature above 55 ℃ is continued for 7 days, and the temperature reaches the top temperature (about 65-70 ℃) and begins to decrease; when the temperature is increased to above 65 ℃, stirring twice a day, keeping the subsequent temperature basically constant, and keeping the total fermentation time at 17 days;
3. and (3) secondary fermentation: and (3) conveying the vinasse subjected to the first fermentation to a post-fermentation chamber for decomposition, wherein when the total fermentation time reaches 25 days, the composting temperature is stabilized at 40 ℃, the water content is 26%, and the pH value is 6.6, so that the decomposition standard is reached.
4. The organic fertilizer is detected, wherein the content of organic matters reaches 68 percent, and the total nutrient is (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is 9.2%, and related indexes meet the national organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012);
5. the relative germination test of the seeds is adopted for determination, the germination index of the wheat seeds is 90%, and the determination method of the germination index of the seeds is executed according to the national standard GB/T23486-2009 appendix A.
5. And granulating, sieving and packaging the fermented raw materials until finished products are stored.
Wherein, the decomposed dry compost refers to the vinasse organic fertilizer produced in the early stage.
Example 4 production method of Maotai-flavor organic fertilizer for white spirit vinasse
1. The Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse (55% of initial water content of fresh vinasse and 3.5 of pH value) and auxiliary materials (decomposed dry compost) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.2:94.8:5, composting is carried out in a fermentation tank mode of continuous feeding, and ventilation fermentation is carried out through a jet oxygen supply technology (see fig. 2 and 3) if necessary, wherein the heap height is 1.2 m.
2. And (3) first fermentation: the temperature of the compost is increased from the beginning, the temperature is controlled to be 15-45 ℃ in a middle temperature stage, the temperature is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ in a high temperature stage, wherein the temperature above 55 ℃ is continued for 7 days, and the temperature reaches the top temperature (about 65-70 ℃) and begins to decrease; when the temperature is increased to above 65 ℃, stirring is carried out twice a day, the subsequent temperature is basically constant, and the total fermentation time is 16 days.
3. And (3) secondary fermentation: and (3) conveying the vinasse subjected to the first fermentation to a post-fermentation chamber for decomposition, wherein when the total fermentation time is 15 days, the composting temperature is stabilized at 40 ℃, the water content is 20%, and the pH value is 5.9, so that the decomposition standard is reached.
4. The organic fertilizer is detected, wherein the organic matter content reaches 59 percent, and the total nutrient is (N + P)2O5+K2O) content 6.1%, relative indexThe organic fertilizer meets the national organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012); the germination index of the Chinese cabbage seeds is 85 percent by adopting a relative seed germination test.
5. And granulating, sieving and packaging the fermented raw materials until finished products are stored.
Wherein, the decomposed dry compost refers to the vinasse organic fertilizer produced in the early stage.
Comparative example 1
1. The Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse (initial water content of fresh vinasse is 59%, pH value is 3.7) and auxiliary materials (waste straws in distiller's yeast production) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 0.5:94.5:5, composting is carried out in a fermentation tank mode of continuous feeding, and ventilation fermentation is carried out through a jet oxygen supply technology (see fig. 2 and 3) if necessary, wherein the heap height is 2.0m, and the process is defined as treatment T. Meanwhile, another 1 vinasse organic fertilizer fermentation treatment with the same raw material and scale is set as a reference, and ventilation operation is carried out without adopting a jet oxygen supply technology, which is defined as treating CK.
2. Test results for treatment T and treatment CK comparisons:
2.1 temperature
As can be seen from figure 4, the 3 rd time of treating the compost of T can reach 55 ℃, and can continue for 9 days above 55 ℃, and can reach the standard of harmless composting; when the CK is treated at the 10 th day, the highest temperature is reached to 50 ℃, the temperature begins to drop, and no high-temperature fermentation stage exists; the first fermentation can be finished after the treatment T is fermented for 20 days, and the first fermentation process cannot be realized after the treatment of CK; the results show that the bottom overhead jet oxygen supply technology can realize the characteristics of quick temperature rise, short time for entering high temperature, long time for maintaining high temperature and short one-time fermentation period of the vinasse organic fertilizer.
2.2pH value
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the pH value of the treated CK compost rises slowly in the course of one fermentation, and the pH value only rises by 4.0 from 3.5 at the beginning until the compost reaches 20 d; the pH increased from 3.7 to 5.1 at treatment T, 20 d. Although the requirement of 5.5-8.5 is not met, the temperature change judges that the compost temperature begins to drop, namely the compost finishes the primary fermentation, and in order to improve the vinasse treatment speed and save the time occupied by compost facilities, the compost can be taken out for secondary fermentation and after-ripening.
Remarking: although the pH of the treatment T at 20d increased from 3.7 to 5.1, the pH did not yet reach 5.5-8.5 (national organic fertilizer standard), but it was found that the pH increased faster than that of the treatment CK and reached the pH of the prescribed standard more quickly.
2.3 moisture content
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the water content of the treated CK compost is slowly reduced, and the water content is only reduced by 9 percent after 20 days; the moisture content slowly drops 9 days before the T compost is treated, and then the moisture content rapidly drops from 59% to 39%, and the results show that the rapid moisture content drop of the vinasse organic fertilizer can be realized by adopting the overhead jet oxygen supply technology at the bottom of the invention, which is also beneficial to shortening the fermentation period of the organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
1. The organic fertilizer produced according to the invention in example 3 is defined as treated T2, the organic fertilizer produced according to Chinese patent CN 106906168B is defined as CK2, the total nitrogen content of the treated T2 is 2.41 times of that of the treated CK2, and the total nutrient, total phosphorus and total potassium content of the treated T2 are not published.
All the above-mentioned optional technical solutions can be combined arbitrarily to form the optional embodiments of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The production method of the organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a zymophyte agent;
(2) adding the fermentation microbial inoculum obtained in the step (1) into vinasse and auxiliary materials to prepare a fermentation raw material;
(3) transporting the fermentation raw materials in the step (2) to a fermentation area, and carrying out composting fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer;
the vinasse is Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse, and the fermentation microbial inoculum consists of candida rugosa, bacillus licheniformis, paecilomyces variotii and aspergillus fumigatus.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (3) is followed by further composting;
preferably, the composting further processing comprises granulation, sieving and packaging.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composting fermentation comprises the steps of:
(1) and (3) first fermentation: starting to rise from the composting temperature, fermenting for 3-5 d at the medium temperature of 15-45 ℃ and fermenting for 10-15 d above 45 ℃ at the high temperature;
preferably, the period of the first fermentation is 15-20 days;
(2) and (3) secondary fermentation: conveying the fermented vinasse subjected to the first fermentation composting to a post-fermentation chamber for decomposition, wherein the decomposition is achieved when the composting temperature is stabilized at 35-45 ℃;
preferably, the period of the second fermentation is 15-25 days.
4. The production method according to claim 3, wherein in the first fermentation, the temperature starts to decrease when the temperature reaches 60 to 75 ℃;
preferably, when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃, stirring and turning operations are carried out or ventilation is carried out;
more preferably, the high temperature stage is from 45 ℃ to 65 DEG C
More preferably, the high temperature stage is at a temperature above 55 ℃ for a period above 7 d;
more preferably, when the temperature is increased to 65 ℃ or higher in the high-temperature stage, the mixture is stirred for 1 to 2 times per day.
5. A method of manufacture according to claim 3, wherein the aeration is a supply of oxygen using mechanical forced aeration;
preferably, the jet oxygen supply technology is adopted for supplying oxygen in a ventilation way;
or preferably, the pile height during compost fermentation is 1-3 m;
more preferably, the ventilation quantity of the ventilation is 0.05-0.30 m per cubic meter of the material3And/min, the wind pressure is increased by 1000-1500 Pa according to every 1m rise of the pile layer.
Or preferably, in the first fermentation, the mixture is stirred once in 2-3 days in two seasons of winter and spring;
or preferably, once stirred for 1 day in summer and autumn.
6. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the Candida rugosa has a preservation number of CGMCC No.7902, Bacillus licheniformis has a preservation number of CGMCC No.7901, Paecilomyces variotii has a preservation number of CGMCC No.7903, and Aspergillus fumigatus has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 7904;
preferably, the fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of candida rugosa, 3-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-4 parts of paecilomyces variotii and 3-5 parts of aspergillus fumigatus;
more preferably, the fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of candida rugosa, 4-5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2-3 parts of paecilomyces variotii and 3-4 parts of aspergillus fumigatus.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent to the vinasse to the auxiliary materials is 0.5-2: 90-98: 3-6;
more preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent to the vinasse to the auxiliary materials is 0.5-1: 94.5-98: 5-6;
or preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise waste straws for producing the distiller's yeast, air-dried distiller's grains and decomposed dry compost; the crushing fineness of the straws is 0.5-2.0 cm.
7. The production method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the fermentation inoculum is 0.1-2% of the weight of the vinasse.
8. An organic fertilizer produced by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the organic fertilizer of claim 8 for promoting plant growth.
10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the use of an organic fertilizer for promoting seed germination;
preferably, the plants include sorghum, wheat and cabbage.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112299910A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-02 | 合肥官亭林海生态农业示范园有限公司 | Composting fermentation process of microbial organic vinasse |
| CN113135788A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-20 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Production process for preparing organic fertilizer by mixed fermentation of Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse and waste pit mud |
| CN115094006A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-23 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Resource utilization method of vinasse leachate |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112299910A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-02 | 合肥官亭林海生态农业示范园有限公司 | Composting fermentation process of microbial organic vinasse |
| CN113135788A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-20 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Production process for preparing organic fertilizer by mixed fermentation of Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse and waste pit mud |
| CN115094006A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-23 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Resource utilization method of vinasse leachate |
| CN115094006B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-04-16 | 贵州茅台酒股份有限公司 | Resource utilization method of vinasse percolate |
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