CN109824459A - A kind of corn fertilizer special for organic and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of corn fertilizer special for organic and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of corn fertilizer special for organic and its preparation method and application, belong to technical field of fertilizers.The corn fertilizer special for organic, it is obtained with the fermenting raw materials of following parts by weight: 30~40 parts of modified peanut charcoal, 30~45 parts of bacteria residue, dehydration 15~25 parts of Enteromorpha, 15~20 parts of fishbone dust, 6~8 parts of wood vinegar, 4~6 parts of glucose, 3~5 parts of saccharomycete compost fermentation agent, 0.2~0.35 part of cellulase.It is applied in corn planting using corn special bio charcoal base organic fertilizer, has achieved the effect that increase soil fertility, increase production, be the preferred source of manure of corn organic farming；The raw material multidimensional organic waste that the present invention needs, easily obtain and it is low in cost, technique is advanced, be produced on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a kind of corn fertilizer special for organic and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
Corn is the important long-term cropping in In The Eastern Shandong Region, in order to improve yield, rationally controls outside planting density, also wants section
It learns and uses chemical fertilizer.Currently, it is unreasonable, that the phenomenon that chemical fertilizer is excessively used is especially prevalent.The excessive and unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer, no
But valuable agricultural resource is wasted, soil fertility is also resulted in and declines rapidly, directly affect crop yield and quality.In addition,
After a large amount of application chemical fertilizer, a big chunk chemical fertilizer is be easy to cause to flow into surrounding water with agricultural drain diameter, causes agricultural area source dirty
Dye.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to overcome fertilization mode during corn planting to will lead to corn yield not
The technical issues of height, excessive application chemical fertilizer also will cause soil quality decline, environmental pollution, it is dedicated organic to provide a kind of corn
Fertilizer and its preparation method and application.
The present invention provides a kind of corn fertilizer special for organic, are obtained with the fermenting raw materials of following parts by weight: modified peanut
30~45 parts of the decomposed object of 30~40 parts of charcoal, bacteria residue, dehydration 15~25 parts of Enteromorpha, 15~20 parts of fishbone dust, wood vinegar 6~8
Part, 4~6 parts of glucose, 3~5 parts of saccharomycete compost fermentation agent, 0.2~0.35 part of cellulase；The decomposed object of bacteria residue is bacterium
Slag is obtained through bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium PP84 bacterial strain spontaneous fermentation；Bacillus megaterium Bacillus
The deposit number of megaterium PP84 bacterial strain is CGMCC No.12798.
Preferably, it is obtained with the fermenting raw materials of following parts by weight: 32~38 parts of modified peanut charcoal, the decomposed object of bacteria residue
32~40 parts, dehydration 18~23 parts of Enteromorpha, 16~19 parts of fishbone dust, 6.5~7.5 parts of wood vinegar, 4.5~5.5 parts of glucose, ferment
Female 3.5~4.5 parts of bacterium compost fermentation agent, 0.25~0.3 part of cellulase.
Preferably, modified peanut charcoal, which includes the following steps, is prepared:
1) peanut shell is crushed, sieving, obtains peanut shell ground-slag；
2) the peanut shell ground-slag and graphene oxide are mixed, 550~600 DEG C of 2~3h of pyrolysis, obtain under nitrogen protection
To mixed biologic charcoal；
3) the mixed biologic charcoal is impregnated with calcium chloride solution, is pyrolyzed 0.4~0.6h again at 550~600 DEG C, obtains
Modification biological charcoal crude product；
4) the modification biological charcoal crude product is washed into removal impurity, obtains modified peanut charcoal.
Preferably, the mass ratio of peanut shell ground-slag described in step 2) and graphene oxide is 100~200:1.
Preferably, the quality of mixed biologic charcoal described in step 3) and the volume ratio of calcium chloride solution are 1:10；It is described
CaCl2The concentration of solution is 0.079mol/L.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of the corn fertilizer special for organic, comprising the following steps:
A. by modified peanut charcoal, the decomposed object of bacteria residue, fishbone dust, dehydration Enteromorpha and 2~2.5 parts of saccharomycete compost hairs
Ferment agent and 0.1~0.25 part of cellulase mixing, after adjusting water content is 60%~70%, build heap fermentation 12 at 25~40 DEG C
~18d, every 2~4d turning 1 time, obtains the first fermentation material；
B. 40 DEG C are cooled to hereinafter, the saccharomycete compost with wood vinegar, glucose and surplus is sent out to first fermentation material
The mixing of the cellulase of ferment agent and surplus adjusts water content to 40%~50%, heap fermentation is built at 20~40 DEG C second, is given birth to
Object charcoal base organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in step B when building heap fermentation in summer and autumn progress second, fermentation time is 5~8d, and every 2d is turned over
Heap 1 time, fermentation temperature is 25~40 DEG C；
When building heap fermentation in spring and winter progress second, fermentation time is 10~14d, every 3d turning 1 time, fermentation temperature
Degree is 20~30 DEG C.
The corn fertilizer special for organic being prepared the present invention provides the corn fertilizer special for organic or the method is in agriculture
Application in crop-planting.
Preferably, the crops include corn.
Preferably, it is 1:3 that the N element of the charcoal base organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, which applies mass ratio, and the corn is dedicated organic
The dose of fertilizer is 20~30kg/ mus.
The beneficial effect of corn special bio charcoal base organic fertilizer is:
The present invention provides the corn fertilizer special for organic, have the advantage that
1) the corn fertilizer special for organic uses modern biotechnology fermentation engineering, and generation process flow is simple, easy to operate,
With short production cycle, low in cost, added value of product is high, and the wastes such as peanut shell, bacteria residue, Enteromorpha are utilized, reduce it to week
The pollution of surrounding environment, turns waste into wealth；Above-mentioned organic fertilizer passes through the decomposed processing of bacteria residue, the hydrolysis result of microorganism in fermentation process
It is good；By adding fishbone dust, accelerate course of fermentation, fermentation process odorless, the loss amount very little of nitrogen；Using secondary fermentation work
Skill, ferment effect is good, takes effect, at low cost, remarkable in economical benefits；
2, organic matter and content of humic acid are higher in the corn fertilizer special for organic, and loose porous, ventilating permeable is good, than
Surface area is big, and absorption and sequestering power are strong；After applying the corn special bio charcoal base organic fertilizer, it can drop and increase having in soil
Machine matter improves the structure and permeability of soil, increases the liquid manure storage capacity of soil, improves the rhizospheric environment of corn, improve soil
Enzymatic activity promotes the procreation of crop rhizosphere beneficial microorganism, and root growth is healthy and strong, and the ability of corn disease and insect resistance significantly increases；
3, the nutrient in the corn fertilizer special for organic energy activating soil, promotes the release of soil nutrient elements；Charcoal
It is added in organic fertilizer, the nitrogen being capable of fixing in organic matter, makes the organic fertilizer slow release nutrient supply cereal constant absorption
It utilizes；
In short, the corn fertilizer special for organic has achieved the effect that increase soil fertility, increase production, it is the preferred fertilizer of corn organic farming
Source；The organic materials that the present invention needs be organic waste, easily obtain and it is low in cost, technique is advanced, be produced on a large scale.
Biomaterial preservation information
Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), depositary institution: Chinese microorganism strain preservation conservator
Meeting common micro-organisms center (CGMCC), address: Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3, Chinese Academy of Sciences microorganism are ground
Study carefully institute, preservation date: on July 20th, 2016, deposit number are CGMCC No.12798, strain number PP84.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of corn fertilizer special for organic, are obtained with the fermenting raw materials of following parts by weight: modified peanut
30~45 parts of the decomposed object of 30~40 parts of charcoal, bacteria residue, dehydration 15~25 parts of Enteromorpha, 15~20 parts of fishbone dust, wood vinegar 6~8
Part, 4~6 parts of glucose, 3~5 parts of saccharomycete compost fermentation agent, 0.2~0.35 part of cellulase.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes modified peanut charcoal.By weight, described
Modified peanut charcoal is preferably 32~38 parts, and more preferably 35 parts.
In the present invention, the modified peanut charcoal preferably includes following steps and is prepared:
1) peanut shell is crushed, sieving, obtains peanut shell ground-slag；
2) the peanut shell ground-slag and graphene oxide are mixed, 550~600 DEG C of 2~3h of pyrolysis, obtain under nitrogen protection
To mixed biologic charcoal；
3) the mixed biologic charcoal is impregnated with calcium chloride solution, is pyrolyzed 0.4~0.6h again at 550~600 DEG C, obtains
Modification biological charcoal crude product；
4) the modification biological charcoal crude product is washed into removal impurity, obtains modified peanut charcoal.
Peanut shell is crushed, is sieved by the present invention, is collected screenings and is obtained peanut shell ground-slag.The aperture of sieve is used in the sieving
Preferably 80~100 mesh, more preferably 90 mesh.The peanut shell crushes preferred removal impurity.It is described to go deimpurity method excellent
Choosing includes that peanut shell surface attachments are washed with water, dry.The drying successively includes air-drying and drying.The air-dried time
For 2d.The temperature of the drying is preferably 70~80 DEG C.
After obtaining peanut shell ground-slag, the present invention mixes the peanut shell ground-slag and graphene oxide, under nitrogen protection
550~600 DEG C of 2~3h of pyrolysis, obtain mixed biologic charcoal.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the peanut shell ground-slag and graphene oxide is preferably 100~200:1, more preferably
For 150:1.The effect of the graphene oxide is carried out using graphene oxide to peanut hull biologic matter charcoal in pyrolytic process
It is modified, increase the specific surface area of the modified biomass charcoal of preparation, active function groups enhancing, the absorption to Nutrient Elements in Soil
Ability greatly improves, and reduces the loss of nutrient.
In the present invention, the temperature of the pyrolysis is preferably 580 DEG C.The time of the pyrolysis is preferably 2.5h.The heat
Solution is not particularly limited with instrument, using being carried out in pyrolysis instrument known in the art, such as Muffle furnace.The pyrolysis is advantageous
Pass through Pintsch process under anoxic conditions in peanut shell and generate height aromatization, the solid, porous particles substance rich in carbon, i.e.,
Biomass carbon.It contains a large amount of carbon and plant nutrient substance, has pore structure abundant, biggish specific surface area and surface
Contain more oxygen-content active group.
After obtaining mixed biologic charcoal, the present invention impregnates the mixed biologic charcoal with calcium chloride solution, at 550~600 DEG C
It is pyrolyzed 0.4~0.6h again, obtains modification biological charcoal crude product.
In the present invention, the quality of the mixed biologic charcoal and the volume ratio of calcium chloride solution are preferably 1:10.The chlorine
The concentration for changing calcium solution is preferably 0.079mol/L.The purpose that the calcium chloride solution impregnates is to prepare calcium modification biological charcoal, into
One-step optimization biological carbon materials structure makes its absorption and holding capabilities into enhancing.It is described be pyrolyzed again it is molten along with calcium chloride is stated
Liquid impregnates.The temperature being pyrolyzed again is preferably 560~580 DEG C, and the time of the pyrolysis is preferably 0.5h.It is described hot again
Solution is conducive to being further formed, enhancing specific surface area for biological carbon materials gap structure, improves the absorption to nutrient and consolidates
Hold ability.
After obtaining modification biological charcoal, the modification biological charcoal crude product is washed removal impurity by the present invention, obtains modified peanut
Shell charcoal.
In the present invention, the water scouring water is preferably deionized water.The washing is preferably rinsed using flowing water.After washing
It is preferred that being dried, being ground up, sieved, screenings is collected, modified peanut charcoal is obtained.The temperature of the drying is preferably 70
~80 DEG C, more preferably 75 DEG C.The aperture of the sieving is preferably 80~100 mesh, more preferably 90 mesh.
In the present invention, the porosity of the modified peanut charcoal is 46.7%~51.2%, and specific surface area is
612~693m2/ g, average pore size are 14.6~19.8nm.And the hole of the unmodified biomass charcoal directly prepared with peanut shell
Rate is 40.1%~43.8%, and specific surface area is 359~427m2/ g, average pore size are 10.3~11.9nm.Show graphene/
Ca/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer pore structure, is more advantageous to the member of nutrition needed for plant in soil
The fixing of element.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes the decomposed object of bacteria residue.By weight, the bacteria residue is rotten
Ripe object is preferably 32~40 parts, and more preferably 35~38 parts.The decomposed object of bacteria residue is edible fungi residue through bacillus megaterium
Bacillus megaterium PP84 bacterial strain spontaneous fermentation obtains；Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium PP84
The deposit number of bacterial strain is CGMCC No.12798.The bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium PP84 bacterial strain
Being inoculated with bacterial concentration is preferably 5 × 106~1 × 108A spore/mL, inoculum concentration are 1%~1.5%.The spontaneous fermentation when
Between preferably 12~16d, more preferably 13~15d.Bacteria residue natural drying is down to room temperature, it is dry, it is placed in pulverizer and crushes,
Cross 20 meshes.The agricultural crop straw and cotton seed hulls contained in culture medium of edible fungus is rich in lignin, cellulose etc., and a part is by bacterium
Silk is absorbed and utilized, and a large amount of mycelium is also remained after edible fungus culturing, in bacteria residue rich in amino acid and cellulose, hydrocarbonization
Object and microelement are closed, can be used as the good organic fertilizer of vegetable growing.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes dehydration Enteromorpha.By weight, the dehydration Enteromorpha
Preferably 18~23 parts, more preferably 20 parts.The preparation method of the dehydration Enteromorpha dries in the shade fresh Enteromorpha 2~3d.The dehydration
The effect of Enteromorpha is can to optimize soil aggregate structure after fermented rich in plant growth element and polysaccharide is promoted, ensure soil
It is healthy and safe.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes fishbone dust.By weight, the fishbone dust is preferred
It is 16~19 parts, more preferable 18 parts.The effect of the fishbone dust is to provide the necessary element of various crop, and crops can be promoted raw
It is long, and there is improvement soil effect, making glutinous weight, the soil is porous.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes wood vinegar.By weight, the wood vinegar is preferred
It is 6.5~7.5 parts, more preferably 7.0 parts.The effect of the wood vinegar is to be conducive to accelerate compost fermentation process, is manured into soil
In after can play the role of improvement soil, promote plant growth.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes glucose.By weight, the glucose is preferred
It is 4.5~5.5 parts, more preferably 5.0 parts.The effect of the glucose is to provide carbon source for fermentative microorganism.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes saccharomycete compost fermentation agent.By weight, described
Saccharomycete compost fermentation agent is preferably 3.5~4.5 parts, and more preferably 4.0 parts.The saccharomycete compost fermentation agent is subsequent fermentation
Process provides microorganism.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the saccharomycete compost fermentation agent, and using this field, institute is ripe
The saccharomycete compost fermentation agent known.In embodiments of the present invention, the agent of saccharomycete compost fermentation is purchased from the strong emerging biological section in the North Sea
Skill Co., Ltd.
The raw material of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention includes cellulase.By weight, the cellulase
Preferably 0.25~0.3 part, more preferably 0.28 part.The cellulase is by fermentation of Aspergillus niger to enzyme activity range 100,000
~20 ten thousand U/g.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the cellulose, using the source of cellulose known in the art
?.In embodiments of the present invention, the cellulase is purchased from jade of the He family Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of the corn fertilizer special for organic, comprising the following steps:
A. by modified peanut charcoal, the decomposed object of bacteria residue, fishbone dust, dehydration Enteromorpha and 2~2.5 parts of saccharomycete compost hairs
Ferment agent and 0.1~0.25 part of cellulase mixing, after adjusting water content is 60%~70%, build heap fermentation 12 at 25~40 DEG C
~18d, every 2~4d turning 1 time, obtains the first fermentation material；
B. 40 DEG C are cooled to hereinafter, the saccharomycete compost with wood vinegar, glucose and surplus is sent out to first fermentation material
The mixing of the cellulase of ferment agent and surplus adjusts water content to 40%~50%, heap fermentation is built at 20~40 DEG C second, is given birth to
Object charcoal base organic fertilizer.
The present invention is by modified peanut charcoal, the decomposed object of bacteria residue, fishbone dust, dehydration Enteromorpha and 2~2.5 parts of saccharomycete heaps
Fertile leavening and 0.1~0.25 part of cellulase mixing, after adjusting water content is 60%~70%, build heap hair at 25~40 DEG C
12~18d of ferment, every 2~4d turning 1 time obtain the first fermentation material.
In the present invention, the water content of gained mixed material is preferably 65%.The temperature for building heap fermentation is preferably 30
~35 DEG C.The time for building heap fermentation is preferably 15d.The preferably every 3d turning of the turning is primary.It is described to build heap fermentation process
It is to reduce the volatile materials in composting material, foul smell is reduced, and is killed parasitic ovum and pathogenic microorganism, is reached innoxious
Purpose.The property of organic materials is set to become loose, dispersion simultaneously, mineralising discharges the nutrients such as N, P, K, utilization easy for plant to absorpt.
40 DEG C are cooled to hereinafter, saccharomycete compost fermentation with wood vinegar, glucose and surplus to first fermentation material
The mixing of the cellulase of agent and surplus adjusts water content to 40%~50%, heap fermentation is built at 20~40 DEG C second, obtains biology
Charcoal base organic fertilizer.
In the present invention, water content is adjusted preferably to 45%.
In the present invention, described second build heap fermentation according to the difference in season, in fermentation time and the upper difference of operation: when
When heap fermentation is built in summer and autumn progress second, fermentation time is 5~8d, and every 2d turning 1 time, fermentation temperature is preferably 25~40
℃；
When building heap fermentation in spring and winter progress second, fermentation time is preferably 10~14d, preferably every 3d turning 1
Secondary, fermentation temperature is preferably 20~30 DEG C.Described second build heap fermentation process be make it is still undecomposed in first time tunning
Easy decomposing organic matter and the organic matter of more difficult decomposition further decompose, and are allowed to become that humic acid, amino acid etc. are more stable to be had
Machine object obtains full ripe composting production.
The corn fertilizer special for organic being prepared the present invention provides the corn fertilizer special for organic or the method is in agriculture
Application in crop-planting.
In the present invention, the crops preferably include corn.The dedicated organic application method of corn is with slow control
It releases fertilizer while using.The mass ratio of the slow-release or control-release fertilizer and charcoal base organic fertilizer is 3:1.The corn fertilizer special for organic is applied
Fertilizer amount is preferably 20~30kg/ mus, more preferably 25kg/ mus.
In the present invention, the dedicated organic application in corn planting of corn, the organic matter that can not only supplement soil contain
Amount, can also effectively save moisture and nutriment, increase soil fertility.Producing strains cinder ladle contains a variety of organic matters, mineral after processing
Element and microelement are a kind of ideal organic fertilizer.The combination of the two can effectively reduce the use of common chemical fertilizer,
Energy fertilizer adequately saves again, it is not easy to be lost.Accomplish to lose weight, the effect of fertilizer conservation.
A kind of corn fertilizer special for organic provided by the invention and its preparation method and application is carried out below with reference to embodiment
Detailed description, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of corn fertilizer special for organic, comprising the following steps:
Raw material preparation:
A. bacteria residue is decomposed: carrying out aerobic fermentation to bacteria residue inoculation bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium PP84
It is decomposed.Bacteria residue moisture is adjusted to 60%~70%, by bacterial concentration about 2 × 108The bacillus megaterium of a spore/mL
Bacillus megaterium PP84 spore suspension accesses bacteria residue according to 1.5% inoculum concentration, is sufficiently mixed stirring, carries out
Spontaneous fermentation, fermentation time 12d.Bacteria residue natural drying is down to room temperature, it is dry, it is placed in pulverizer and crushes, cross 20 meshes,
Obtain the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
B. the preparation method of the modified peanut charcoal, i.e. graphene oxide/Ca/ charcoal preparation, preparation side
Formula are as follows: biomass air-dries 2d after washing 4 removal surface adhesion objects, and is dried overnight in 70 DEG C of baking ovens, through crushing, mistake
100 mesh sieve are loaded in bottle, for use.Instrument: temperature programmed control Muffle furnace.
Preparation method: the peanut shell ground-slag for sieving with 100 mesh sieve son and graphene oxide mixing end are in crucible, by nitrogen
It is slowly pyrolyzed 2h at 600 DEG C in Muffle furnace under atmosphere (flow velocity 300mL/min), produces charcoal from peanut shell.Then, will
5.0g charcoal 50mL CaCl2(0.079M) solution impregnate, and at 600 DEG C reheating solution 0.5h to generate graphene/Ca/
Modified biomass charcoal.Mixed biologic charcoal and CaCl2Weight ratio be 1:10.Gained sample is rinsed, it is thorough using deionization (DI) water
Bottom is washed again to remove any impurity, and dry at 80 DEG C, is ground, and sieving obtains graphene oxide/Ca/ peanut shell residue
Charcoal.
Graphene oxide/Ca/ peanut shell residue charcoal porosity is 46.7%%, specific surface area 612m2/ g is put down
Equal aperture is 14.6nm.And directly with peanut shell prepare and unmodified biomass carbon (compared with above-mentioned preparation method, does not only add
Add graphene oxide and CaCl2Solution, other operations are identical) porosity be 40.1%, specific surface area 359m2/ g, average hole
Diameter is 10.3nm.Show that graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer hole, is more advantageous to soil
The fixing of nutrient needed for plant in earth.
Weigh following raw material: the decomposed object 40kg of peanut shell charcoal 30kg, bacteria residue of above-mentioned preparation, fishbone dust 15kg,
It is dehydrated Enteromorpha 15kg, wood vinegar 6kg, glucose 4kg, saccharomycete compost fermentation agent 4kg and cellulase 0.35kg.
Preparation method:
One time fermentation: score meter is weighed graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon, bacteria residue adjunct and fishbone dust, dehydration by weight
After Enteromorpha mixing, upper saccharomycete compost fermentation agent 2kg and cellulase 0.2kg is uniformly sprayed, stirring is sufficiently mixed, obtains and once mix
Material is closed, the water content for adding water to adjust mixed once material builds heap fermentation 15d 60%.
Secondary fermentation: when the primary mixture material heap temperature after the completion of one time fermentation is down to 40 DEG C or less, Xiang Yici
In mixture material heap body it is proportionally added into wood vinegar, glucose, sprays the agent of saccharomycete compost fermentation and surplus of surplus again
Cellulase obtains secondary mixture material after mixing evenly, and the water content for adding water to adjust secondary mixture material secondary will be mixed 40%
It closes material and builds heap progress secondary fermentation, the secondary fermentation time is summer and autumn 5d.
It is that peanut shell firing charcoal and bacteria residue are organic that the mixture that water content is 20% is obtained after secondary fermentation
Fertilizer, it both can also be used as the production that granulating raw material carries out granular organic fertilizer directly as organic fertilizer application.
Comparative example 1
Corn fertilizer special for organic is prepared according to the scheme of embodiment 1, difference is not adding the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of corn fertilizer special for organic, comprising the following steps:
Raw material preparation:
A. bacteria residue is decomposed: carrying out aerobic fermentation to bacteria residue inoculation bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium PP84
It is decomposed.Bacteria residue moisture is adjusted to 60%~70%, by bacterial concentration about 1 × 107A spore/mL bacillus megaterium Bacillus
Megaterium PP84 spore suspension accesses bacteria residue according to 1% inoculum concentration, is sufficiently mixed stirring, carries out spontaneous fermentation, hair
The ferment time is 15d.The decomposed object natural drying of bacteria residue is down to room temperature, it is dry, it is placed in pulverizer and crushes, cross 20 meshes, obtain
The decomposed object of bacteria residue.
B. the preparation method of the modified peanut charcoal, i.e. graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon preparation method are as follows:
Biomass air-dries 2d after washing 4 removal surface adhesion objects, and is dried overnight in 80 DEG C of baking ovens, is crushed, and 80 meshes are crossed
Son is loaded in bottle, for use.Instrument: temperature programmed control Muffle furnace.Method: the peanut shell ground-slag and graphene oxide of 80 mesh sieve are crossed
Mixing end is in crucible, by being slowly pyrolyzed 2h at 600 DEG C in Muffle furnace at nitrogen atmosphere (flow velocity 300mL/min),
Charcoal is produced from peanut shell.Then, by 5.0g charcoal 50mL CaCl2(0.079M) solution impregnates, and at 600 DEG C
Reheating solution 0.5 hour to generate graphene/Ca/ modified biomass charcoal.Mixed biologic charcoal and CaCl2Weight ratio be 10:1.Punching
Gained sample is washed, is thoroughly washed again using deionization (DI) water to remove any impurity, and is dry at 80 DEG C, is ground, sieving,
Obtain graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon.
Graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon porosity is 51.2%, specific surface area 693m2/ g, average pore size are
19.8nm.And (compared with above-mentioned preparation method, graphite oxide is not only directly added with unmodified biomass charcoal prepared by peanut shell
Alkene and CaCl2Solution, other schemes are identical) porosity be 43.8%, specific surface area 427m2/ g, average pore size are
11.9nm.Show that graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer hole, is more advantageous to in soil
The fixing of nutrient needed for plant.
Weigh the raw material of following weight: graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon 35kg, the decomposed object of bacteria residue of above scheme preparation
40kg, fishbone dust 18kg, Enteromorpha 15kg, wood vinegar 7kg, glucose 5kg, saccharomycete compost fermentation agent 3kg, cellulase are dehydrated
0.25kg。
Preparation method:
One time fermentation: score meter, which is weighed, by weight fires charcoal, the decomposed object of bacteria residue, fishbone dust for peanut shell, is dehydrated waterside
After tongue fur mixing, upper saccharomycete compost fermentation agent 2kg and cellulase 0.15kg is uniformly sprayed, stirring is sufficiently mixed, obtains and once mix
Material is closed, the water content for adding water to adjust mixed once material builds heap fermentation 12d 70%.
Secondary fermentation: when the primary mixture material heap temperature after the completion of one time fermentation is down to 40 DEG C or less, Xiang Yici
In mixture material heap body it is proportionally added into wood vinegar, glucose, sprays the agent of saccharomycete compost fermentation and surplus of surplus again
Cellulase obtains secondary mixture material after mixing evenly, and the water content for adding water to adjust secondary mixture material secondary will be mixed 50%
It closes material and builds heap progress secondary fermentation, the secondary fermentation time is 10~14d of spring and winter.
It is that peanut shell firing charcoal and bacteria residue are organic that the mixture that water content is 25% is obtained after secondary fermentation
Fertilizer, it both can also be used as the production that granulating raw material carries out granular organic fertilizer directly as organic fertilizer application.
Comparative example 2
Corn fertilizer special for organic is prepared according to the scheme of embodiment 2, difference is not adding modified peanut charcoal.
Embodiment 3
A kind of peanut shell fires the preparation method of charcoal and bacteria residue organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
Raw material preparation
A. bacteria residue is decomposed: carrying out aerobic fermentation to bacteria residue inoculation bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium PP84
It is decomposed.Bacteria residue moisture is adjusted to 65%, by bacterial concentration about 5 × 106A spore/mL bacillus megaterium Bacillus
Megaterium PP84 spore suspension accesses bacteria residue according to 1.5% inoculum concentration, is sufficiently mixed stirring, carries out spontaneous fermentation,
Fermentation time is 16d.The decomposed object natural drying of bacteria residue is down to room temperature, it is dry, it is placed in pulverizer and crushes, cross 20 meshes, obtain
To the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
B. the preparation of modified peanut charcoal, i.e. graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon preparation method are as follows: biomass is through washing 4
After secondary removal surface adhesion object, 2d is air-dried, and be dried overnight in 75 DEG C of baking ovens, is crushed, cross 90 mesh sieve, is loaded in bottle,
For use.Instrument: temperature programmed control Muffle furnace.Method: the peanut shell ground-slag for crossing 90 mesh sieve and graphene oxide mixing end are in crucible
In, it is raw from peanut shell by being slowly pyrolyzed at 600 DEG C 2 hours in Muffle furnace at nitrogen atmosphere (flow velocity 300mL/min)
Generation charcoal.Then, by 5.0g charcoal 50mL CaCl2(0.079M) solution impregnates, and reheating solution 0.5 is small at 600 DEG C
When to generate graphene/Ca/ modified biomass charcoal.Mixed biologic charcoal and CaCl2Weight ratio be 1:10.Gained sample is rinsed,
Thoroughly washed using deionization (DI) water to remove any impurity, and dry at 80 DEG C, ground again, sieving, obtain graphene/
Ca/ biomass carbon.
Graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon porosity is 49.5%, specific surface area 676m2/ g, average pore size are
16.8nm.And (compared with above-mentioned preparation method, graphite oxide is not only directly added with unmodified biomass charcoal prepared by peanut shell
Alkene and CaCl2Solution, other operations are identical) porosity be 41.6%, specific surface area 413m2/ g, average pore size are
11.2nm.Show that graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer hole, is more advantageous to in soil
The fixing of nutrient needed for plant.
Weigh the raw material of following weight: peanut shell is fired charcoal 40kg, the decomposed object 45kg of bacteria residue, fishbone dust 20kg, is taken off
The Water Margin tongue fur 25kg, wood vinegar 8kg, glucose 6kg, saccharomycete compost fermentation agent 4kg, cellulase 0.2kg.
Preparation method:
One time fermentation: score meter is weighed graphene/Ca/ biomass carbon, the decomposed object of bacteria residue and fishbone dust, dehydration by weight
After Enteromorpha mixing, upper saccharomycete compost fermentation agent 2.5kg and cellulase 0.1kg is uniformly sprayed, stirring is sufficiently mixed, obtains once
Mixed material, the water content for adding water to adjust mixed once material build heap fermentation 18d 65%.
Secondary fermentation: when the primary mixture material heap temperature after the completion of one time fermentation is down to 40 DEG C or less, Xiang Yici
In mixture material heap body it is proportionally added into wood vinegar, glucose, sprays the agent of saccharomycete compost fermentation and surplus of surplus again
Cellulase obtains secondary mixture material after mixing evenly, and the water content for adding water to adjust secondary mixture material secondary will be mixed 45%
It closes material and builds heap progress secondary fermentation, the secondary fermentation time is summer and autumn 7d.
It is that peanut shell firing charcoal and bacteria residue are organic that the mixture that water content is 23% is obtained after secondary fermentation
Fertilizer, it both can also be used as the production that granulating raw material carries out granular organic fertilizer directly as organic fertilizer application.
Comparative example 3
Corn fertilizer special for organic is prepared according to the scheme of embodiment 3, difference is not adding modified peanut charcoal
With the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
Embodiment 4
Application value in order to further illustrate the present invention, the present inventor have chosen charcoal organic fertilizer and carry out field application
It tests, is handled below experimental design:
(1) conventional fertilizer application mode (control): mu applies the slow control fertilizer of 60kg；N,P2O5And K2O amount of application is respectively 12.0,6.0 and
6.0kg/ mus, the total sowing amount of nutrient is 24.0kg/ mus.
(2) 1 organic fertilizer of comparative example (lacking bacteria residue) is handled: 75%+25% chemical fertilizer N amount pair of chemical fertilizer N (slow control fertilizer) nutrient
1 charcoal base organic fertilizer (lacking bacteria residue) of ratio；
(3) 2 charcoal base organic fertilizer (lacking charcoal) of comparative example is handled: 75%+25% chemical fertilizer of chemical fertilizer N (slow control fertilizer) nutrient
2 charcoal base organic fertilizer (lacking charcoal) of N amount comparative example；
(4) 3 charcoal base organic fertilizer (lacking bacteria residue and charcoal) of comparative example is handled: 75% chemical fertilizer N (slow control fertilizer) nutrient+
25% chemical fertilizer N amount comparative example, 3 charcoal base organic fertilizer (lacking bacteria residue and charcoal)；
(5) 4 charcoal base organic fertilizer of comparative example (unmodified charcoal substitutes modified biomass charcoal) processing: 75% chemical fertilizer N is (slow
Control fertilizer) 4 charcoal base organic fertilizer of+25% chemical fertilizer N amount comparative example of nutrient (unmodified charcoal substitution modified biomass charcoal；It is described not change
Property charcoal preparation method it is identical as the preparation method of modification biological charcoal in embodiment 1, only difference be not add oxidation
Graphene and CaCl2Solution)；
(6) 5 charcoal base organic fertilizer of comparative example (unmodified charcoal substitutes modified biomass charcoal) processing: 75% chemical fertilizer N is (slow
Control fertilizer) 5 charcoal base organic fertilizer of+25% chemical fertilizer N amount comparative example of nutrient (unmodified charcoal substitution modified biomass charcoal；It is described not change
Property charcoal preparation method it is identical as the preparation method of modification biological charcoal in embodiment 2, only difference be not add oxidation
Graphene and CaCl2Solution)；
(7) 6 charcoal base organic fertilizer of comparative example (unmodified charcoal substitutes modified biomass charcoal) processing: 75% chemical fertilizer N is (slow
Control fertilizer) 6 charcoal base organic fertilizer of+25% chemical fertilizer N amount comparative example of nutrient (unmodified charcoal substitution modified biomass charcoal；It is described not change
Property charcoal preparation method it is identical as the preparation method of modification biological charcoal in embodiment 3, only difference be not add oxidation
Graphene and CaCl2Solution)；
(8) 1 charcoal base organic fertilizer of embodiment is handled: 75% 1 charcoal of chemical fertilizer N (slow control fertilizer)+25% chemical fertilizer N amount embodiment of nutrient
Base organic fertilizer；
(9) 2 charcoal base organic fertilizer of embodiment is handled: 75% 2 charcoal of chemical fertilizer N (slow control fertilizer)+25% chemical fertilizer N amount embodiment of nutrient
Base organic fertilizer；
(10) 3 charcoal base organic fertilizer of embodiment is handled: 75%+25% chemical fertilizer N amount embodiment 3 of chemical fertilizer N (slow control fertilizer) nutrient
Charcoal base organic fertilizer.
10 processing, 3 repetitions of each processing, plot area 25cm2, arranged using random district's groups.There is wide 1m in minizone
Protection row, the other factors such as field management are identical.
Influence of 1 different fertilization of table to corn yield and soil physico-chemical property
As shown in Table 1, it applies fertilizer relative to conventional chemical, 30% fertilizer nitrogen is substituted using fermentation organic fertilizer of the invention, it can
Significantly improve crop yield, corn kernel volume increase 12.9%~18.1%, corn stover volume increase 17.9%~24.4%, economy effect
It is beneficial significant；And the organic fertilizer for lacking bacteria residue and biomass carbon preparation is only 3.34%~9.76% to the effect of increasing production of corn, is made
Effect of increasing production with the organic fertilizer of unmodified charcoal substitution modification biological charcoal preparation is only 5.08%~9.53%, can not show a candle to this
Per mu yield acquired by scheme of the invention.
Relative to conventional fertilizer application, 30% fertilizer nitrogen is substituted using fermentation organic fertilizer of the invention, it is raw that corn can be effectively improved
Long root system environment, improves the enzymatic activity of soil, promotes microorganism growth, make soil organic matter content improve 4.00%~
7.42%, urase improves 9.21%~14.2%, and catalase improves 8.48%~13.6%, microbial biomass C
18.3%~25.4% is improved, Soil microbial biomass nitrogen improves 30.8%~37.5%.
It is organic using fermentation of the invention relative to the fermentation organic fertilizer of unmodified charcoal substitution modification biological charcoal preparation
Fertilizer 30% fertilizer nitrogen of substitution, can be effectively improved corn growth root system environment, improve the enzymatic activity of soil, promote microorganism growth,
Soil organic matter content is set to improve 1.80%~2.32%, urase improves 3.87%~11.8%, and catalase improves
3.14%~8.29%, microbial biomass C improves 3.41%~13.1%, Soil microbial biomass nitrogen improves
2.81%~12.6%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of corn fertilizer special for organic, which is characterized in that obtained with the fermenting raw materials of following parts by weight: modified peanut biology
30~45 parts of the decomposed object of 30~40 parts of charcoal, bacteria residue, dehydration 15~25 parts of Enteromorpha, 15~20 parts of fishbone dust, 6~8 parts of wood vinegar, Portugal
4~6 parts of grape sugar, 3~5 parts of saccharomycete compost fermentation agent, 0.2~0.35 part of cellulase；
The decomposed object of bacteria residue is that bacteria residue is obtained through bacillus megaterium PP84 bacterial strain spontaneous fermentation；Bacillus megaterium PP84 bacterium
The deposit number of strain is CGMCC No.12798.
2. corn fertilizer special for organic according to claim 1, which is characterized in that obtained with the fermenting raw materials of following parts by weight
It arrives: 32~40 parts of the decomposed object of 32~38 parts of modified peanut charcoal, bacteria residue, dehydration 18~23 parts of Enteromorpha, fishbone dust 16~19
Part, 6.5~7.5 parts of wood vinegar, 4.5~5.5 parts of glucose, 3.5~4.5 parts of saccharomycete compost fermentation agent, cellulase 0.25
~0.3 part.
3. corn fertilizer special for organic according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that modified peanut charcoal includes following
Step is prepared:
1) peanut shell is crushed, sieving, obtains peanut shell ground-slag；
2) the peanut shell ground-slag and graphene oxide are mixed, 550~600 DEG C of 2~3h of pyrolysis, are mixed under nitrogen protection
Close charcoal；
3) the mixed biologic charcoal is impregnated with calcium chloride solution, is pyrolyzed 0.4~0.6h again at 550~600 DEG C, is modified
Charcoal crude product；
4) the modification biological charcoal crude product is washed into removal impurity, obtains modified peanut charcoal.
4. corn fertilizer special for organic according to claim 3, which is characterized in that peanut shell ground-slag described in step 2) and oxygen
The mass ratio of graphite alkene is 100~200:1.
5. modified peanut charcoal according to claim 3, which is characterized in that mixed biologic charcoal described in step 3)
Quality and the volume ratio of calcium chloride solution are 1:10；The CaCl2The concentration of solution is 0.079mol/L.
6. the preparation method of corn fertilizer special for organic described in Claims 1 to 5 any one, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
A. by modified peanut charcoal, the decomposed object of bacteria residue, fishbone dust, dehydration Enteromorpha and 2~2.5 parts of saccharomycete compost fermentation agent
Mix, adjusted after water content is 60%~70% with 0.1~0.25 part of cellulase, built at 25~40 DEG C heap fermentation 12~
18d, every 2~4d turning 1 time, obtains the first fermentation material；
B. 40 DEG C are cooled to hereinafter, saccharomycete compost fermentation agent with wood vinegar, glucose and surplus to first fermentation material
It is mixed with the cellulase of surplus, adjusts water content to 40%~50%, heap fermentation is built at 20~40 DEG C second, obtains charcoal
Base organic fertilizer.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that build heap when carrying out second in summer and autumn in step B
When fermentation, fermentation time is 5~8d, and every 2d turning 1 time, fermentation temperature is 25~40 DEG C；
When spring and winter carry out second and build heap fermentation, fermentation time is 10~14d, every 3d turning 1 time, and fermentation temperature is
20~30 DEG C.
What 8. corn fertilizer special for organic or claim 6 described in Claims 1 to 5 any one or 7 the methods were prepared
Application of the corn fertilizer special for organic in crop planting.
9. application according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the crops include corn.
10. application according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the N element of the charcoal base organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer applies matter
For amount than being 1:3, the dose of the corn fertilizer special for organic is 20~30kg/ mus.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110054532A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-07-26 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof suitable for silage corn cultivation |
| CN112430137A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-02 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | Biochar-based aerobic compost conditioner containing wood vinegar and trichoderma spores |
| CN113575153A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Grape cuttage substrate capable of increasing survival rate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114891512A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-12 | 中国农业大学 | Calcium chloride-loaded modified biochar composite material for improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN115433043A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-06 | 云南师范大学 | Cabbage wheel fertilizer production method for preparing organic fertilizer rich in carbonized fertilizer by using agricultural wastes |
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2019
- 2019-04-12 CN CN201910294912.7A patent/CN109824459A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110054532A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-07-26 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof suitable for silage corn cultivation |
| CN112430137A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-02 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | Biochar-based aerobic compost conditioner containing wood vinegar and trichoderma spores |
| CN115433043A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-06 | 云南师范大学 | Cabbage wheel fertilizer production method for preparing organic fertilizer rich in carbonized fertilizer by using agricultural wastes |
| CN113575153A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Grape cuttage substrate capable of increasing survival rate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114891512A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-12 | 中国农业大学 | Calcium chloride-loaded modified biochar composite material for improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN114891512B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-31 | 中国农业大学 | Modified biochar composite material for improving saline-alkali soil and loading calcium chloride and preparation method thereof |
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