CN109438135A - Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109438135A CN109438135A CN201811639050.9A CN201811639050A CN109438135A CN 109438135 A CN109438135 A CN 109438135A CN 201811639050 A CN201811639050 A CN 201811639050A CN 109438135 A CN109438135 A CN 109438135A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the preparation method includes the following steps: that (1) adds auxiliary material to water content into the castoff of water content 60-80wt% and is down to 50-59wt%, obtains mixture；(2) fermenting agent is added into mixture, is fermented.Organic fertilizer of the present invention is obtained using castoff by fermentation, the maximization that nutriment Efficient Cycle utilizes when castoff production fertilizer not only may be implemented, but also avoids the waste of resource, produces biggish economic benefit；Application not will lead to the excessive buildup of soil nitrogen phosphorus, it is remarkably improved Soil Available potassium content, soil activation can be improved, promote germination and root system germination supply crop nutrition content and active material, improve intensity of photosynthesis, after use in the soil during continuous mineralising, energy last longer supplies the necessary various nutrient elements of crop, it increases soil fertility, improves soil physico-chemical property, improve product quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, specifically, being related to a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
China from rigid foundation period in the 1980s, in agricultural production applying quantity of chemical fertilizer account for the specific gravity of total fertilization amount from
10% rises to 50%, now up to 90%.Chemical fertilizer plays huge as main capital goods in the agricultural sector during agricultural development
While big production-increasing function, there is also such as increasing agricultural resource investment, waste agricultural resource, reduce fertilizer utilization efficiency,
Deteriorate soil physico-chemical property, inhibits edaphon growth with breeding, reduces the quantity of edaphon, reduce edaphon
Carbon is measured, soil enzyme activities is reduced, aggravates a series of the problem of of being unfavorable for soil sustainable development such as soil disease, eventually leads to work
Object growth and development is obstructed, and yield and quality reduces.
The nutritional ingredient of organic fertilizer is complete, and fertilizer efficiency is slow, the fertilizer efficiency duration is long, and it is organic that application of organic fertilizers can increase soil
Matter content changes soil texture, to change soil property.And heavy metal free remains and toxin, is suitble to crop growth.So far
Until the present, some countries have been forbidden to use inorganic fertilizer, and the use of organic fertilizer will be popularized in an all-round way and be reinforced.Therefore, organic
The research and utilization of fertilizer are not only the key for utilizing agricultural waste-composting, even more reduce agricultural pollution, economize on resources, send out
Open up the important channel of sustainable agriculture and circular economy, power-assisted green food industry development.
Improve quality of agricultural product and benefit at present, protect the fields environment and soil sustainable utilization be target " chemical fertilizer makes
The scheme of dosage zero growth rate " improves fertilizer utilization efficiency and increases the strategy of soil organic matter content by as main policies quilt
It advocates energetically.For a long time, people are by fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, straw-returning, green manuring, and application of organic fertilizers material (commonly has
Machine fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer), the modes such as deep ploughing, pine are ploughed contain to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency or maintenance and improve the soil organism
Amount promotes the sustainable development of agricultural to improve the bioactivity of soil.And organic fertilizer with it to soil and environment two-win
Advantage receive the highest attention of people.
Organic fertilizer is commonly called as farmyard manure, refers to containing objects such as a large amount of biological substances, plant and animal residues, excreta, biological wastes
The slow-release fertilizer of matter.It is also rich in organic feeding not only containing a great number of elements, microelement necessary to plant in organic fertilizer
Point, organic fertilizer is most comprehensive fertilizer.The effect of organic fertilizer in agricultural production is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
One, soil, culture fertility are improved.After organic fertilizer is manured into soil, organic mass-energy effectively improves soil physical chemistry shape
Condition and biological nature, vegetable soil enhance the fertilizer supply and preservation ability and buffer capacity of soil, are that the growth creation of crop is good
Edaphic condition.
Two, increase yield, improve quality.Organic fertilizer organic matter rich in and various nutrients are crops
Nutrition is provided.After organic fertilizer decomposition, energy and nutriment are provided for soil microbial activity, promotes microbial activities, is accelerated organic
Matter is decomposed, and active material of generation etc. can promote the growth of crop and improve the quality of agricultural product.
Three, the utilization rate of fertilizer is improved.Organic fertilizer contains nutrient mostly but relative amount is low, and release is slow, and chemical fertilizer unit
Nutrient content is high, and ingredient is few, and release is fast.The reasonable compounding application of the two, is complementary to one another, and the organic acid that organic matter decomposition generates can also
Promote the dissolution of mineral nutrient in soil and chemical fertilizer.Organic fertilizer is mutually promoted with chemical fertilizer, is conducive to crop absorption, is improved fertilizer
Utilization rate.
In recent years, as the raising of agricultural modernization level is higher and higher, organic food increasingly receives the weight of people
Depending on；What is paid attention to therewith is the ecological agriculture.Because only that ecology agricultural can just produce ecology food, along with this with
It is that organic fertilizer application range and the continuous of demand are risen.So far, domestic and international common castoff processing technique packet
Burning, sanitary landfills, ecological fertilizer, anaerobic digestion, aerobic compost and Vermicomposting etc. are included, and foreign countries are for castoff
Recycling treatment has formd mature environmental protection industry, and the country is still in its infancy, and in the resource of castoff
In change processing, usually there is that resource utilization efficiency is low, the dissatisfactory defect of economic benefit.When using burning disposal, food
Not only the thermal efficiency is very low for waste, but also can generate the toxin of pollution environment.When handling using landfill, become meeting again
The impurely main source of the seepage water of upper and underground water and soil.Based on this, for more severe environmental issue, complete
Kind management and system for handling develop new skill when strength carries out the recycling treatment of castoff, garbage classification is promoted to launch
The resource recycling producing level that art improves parameter rubbish is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, the present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizers and preparation method thereof, can not only
Full nutrition is provided for crops, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and update the soil organism, promote microbial reproduction, improves soil
The physicochemical property and bioactivity of earth.
" rubbish is the resource for misplacing position ", it is rubbish that a large amount of castoff, which cannot efficiently use, and once high
Effect uses, and being exactly can be with regenerated low-cost high-quality resource.The use and correlative study for fermenting fertile are related to food
The processing of waste is the effective way for recycling changing rejected material to useful resource.Fermentation fertilizer can improve soil, culture fertility, fermentation
Fertilizer can effectively improve the physical and chemical situation and biological nature, vegetable soil of soil after being manured into soil, improve the physical and chemical situation of soil
And biological characteristic, vegetable soil, enhance water conservation, fertilizer conservation, feeder capability and the buffer capacity of soil.On the other hand, fermentation fertilizer can
To improve crop yield, crop quality is improved, ferment fertile organic matter rich in and comprehensive nutrient, mentions for crops
High green, the nutrient of environmental protection.
The present invention is implemented as follows:
A kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 60-80wt% and be down to 50-59wt%, obtain
Mixture；
(2) fermenting agent is added into mixture, is fermented.
Preferably, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 60-80wt% and be down to 50-59wt%, obtain
Mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.005-0.02%, environment temperature be 0-35 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 15-25d to get.
Castoff refers to that people are generated perishable during dealing, storage, processing and eating various food
Rotten rubbish；It covers all wastes related with food, the content including food waste, hogwash, castoff.Food is useless
Main component of the gurry as domestic waste, accounts for 50% of domestic waste or so.Studies have shown that castoff has
The characteristics of having high-moisture, high salt, high organic content, harmfulness and resource and depositing.Specifically, contain in castoff
Nutrient needed for more plant growth and microelement and other minerals, nutrient classes are complete.
The castoff is shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace, duck processes dead meal, pork processes dead meal, chicken
Meat processes at least one of dead meal.The source of the castoff is pleasure, Shuan Hui, happy precious, all coot, honey grapefruit
Cha Deng food processing factory.
The auxiliary material is that at least one of cavings, leaf, sawdust are prepared.Preferably, the auxiliary material is cavings, tree
Leaf, sawdust are 1:(0.2-0.4 in mass ratio): (0.2-0.4) is prepared.The cavings is rice husk or wheat bran or beans shell.Institute
Stating leaf is Poplar leaves or pine tree leaf or Folium Pterocaryae.The sawdust is poplar bits or pine sawdust.
The auxiliary material is dried the preparation method comprises the following steps: being 50-70 DEG C in temperature respectively for cavings, leaf, sawdust to moisture content
For 5-15wt%, then it is crushed to 20-200 mesh respectively, smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust are pressed into matter
Amount is than being 1:(0.2-0.4): (0.2-0.4) is mixed to obtain the final product.
Preferably, the auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: by cavings, leaf, sawdust respectively temperature be 50-70 DEG C it is dry extremely
Moisture content is 5-15wt%, then is crushed to 20-200 mesh respectively, by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed wood
Bits are 1:(0.2-0.4 in mass ratio): (0.2-0.4) mixing obtains mixture；Mixture is immersed into 5-15 times of mixture weight
Treatment fluid in temperature be 55-65 DEG C, pressure be 150-250MPa carry out heat-insulation pressure keeping processing 50-70min, then use
600-1500 mesh screen, drying, obtains pre-treated mixed material；Pre-treated mixed material is put into corona treatment instrument and is passed through
Oxygen carries out Low Temperature Plasma Treating 8-12min, and the operating pressure of the Low Temperature Plasma Treating is 100-200Pa, carries on the back
Bottom pressure is 1-2Pa, treatment temperature is 5-20 DEG C, discharge power 150-250W, obtains corona treatment mixture；It will wait
Gas ions processing mixture is placed in after temperature is -25~-35 DEG C of freezing 1-2h microwave power is 400-700W, microwave frequency is
2400-2500MHz carries out microwave treatment 5-10min, obtains auxiliary material.
The treatment fluid is to obtain the final product, the sodium salt is carbonic acid by the sodium salt aqueous solution soluble in water that 0.3-0.7mol/L is made
At least one of sodium, sodium phosphate.Preferably, the sodium salt is sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate is 1:(1.5-2.5 in molar ratio) group
At.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:(0.5-1.5 in mass ratio): (0.5-
1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.1-0.2): (0.1-0.2) is mixed.It is described
The day Mu Yang fermenting agent that fermenting agent can also be provided using Hebi City Tian Muyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
The a height of 20-200cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation daily turning 1-5 times.
A kind of organic fertilizer is prepared using the preparation method of above-mentioned organic fertilizer.
The application method of above-mentioned organic fertilizer can be, be used as base fertilizer, and using spreading fertilizer over the fields or the method for ditch spread, fertilizer is from crop
Root or seed 15cm or so, blinding waters after fertilising, does not mix with fungicide.Common agricultural is applied by 300-500kg/ mus
With by 100-200kg/ mus of applications, the long crop of growth cycle should take the circumstances into consideration to increase application for fruit tree, flowers.The scope of application: vegetables,
The multiple kinds of crops such as melon and fruit, fruit tree, gardens, tobacco, tealeaves, flowers, wheat, rice, rape, potato, corn.
The present invention has following technical effect that
Organic fertilizer of the present invention is obtained using castoff by fermentation, and castoff production fertilizer not only may be implemented
The maximization that nutriment Efficient Cycle utilizes when material, and the waste of resource is avoided, produce biggish economic benefit；I.e.
Not only waste resource recovery is realized, but also protects social environment；Application not will lead to the excessive buildup of soil nitrogen phosphorus, be remarkably improved
Soil Available potassium content can improve soil activation, promote germination and root system germination supply crop nutrition content and active material, mention
High intensity of photosynthesis, after use in the soil during continuous mineralising, can last longer supply crop it is necessary more
Kind nutrient, increases soil fertility, and improves soil physico-chemical property, improves product quality.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited only to following embodiment.?
It in the scope of the present invention or is not departing from the contents of the present invention, in spirit and scope, the present invention is suitably modified, is replaced
The identical component of effect, it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that they are considered as including of the invention
Within the scope of.
Embodiment is raw materials used as follows:
Bacillus subtilis is provided by Jinan Jinhua Feng Hui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 100,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
Bacillus licheniformis is provided by Jinan Jinhua Feng Hui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 100,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are provided by Cangzhou Hua Yu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 100,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
Bacillus laterosporus is provided by Cangzhou Hua Yu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
Trichoderma harzianum is provided by admiring grace (Guangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 20,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Wuhan far at create Science and Technology Ltd. provide, 24,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
White light gray streptomycete to bioengineering Co., Ltd from providing in Shandong, 3,000,000,000/g of living bacteria count.
Cellulase by Tai'an letter get profit bioengineering Co., Ltd provide, 200,000 U/g of enzyme activity.
Amylase is provided by Hunan century Hua Xing bioengineering Co., Ltd also known as alpha-amylase, 100,000 U/g of enzyme activity.
Shaddock slag is the mixing slag charge of pulp and pericarp of the gentle sweet shaddock after squeezing juicing, water content 65wt%.
Sweet potato skin is the sweet potato skin of kind cigarette potato 25, water content 50wt%.
Apple pomace is the mixing slag charge of pulp and pericarp of the Shaanxi Fuji apple after squeezing juicing, water content 65wt%.
Rice husk is the shell of northeast maize.
Poplar leaves are the leaf of meaning poplar.
Poplar bits are the sawdust of meaning poplar.
Sodium carbonate, No. CAS: 497-19-8.
Sodium phosphate, No. CAS: 7601-54-9.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, it is 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d to get organic fertilizer in environment temperature.
The day Mu Yang fermenting agent that the fermenting agent uses Hebi City Tian Muyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd to provide.
The castoff is shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace, duck processes dead meal, pork processes dead meal, chicken
Meat processes at least one of dead meal.The source of the castoff is pleasure, Shuan Hui, happy precious, all coot, honey grapefruit
Cha Deng food processing factory.
The auxiliary material is that at least one of cavings, leaf, sawdust are prepared.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, environment temperature be 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d, a height of 50cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation
Daily turning 1 time to get organic fertilizer.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.1:0.1 in mass ratio
It mixes.
The castoff is that shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace are that crushed 4 meshes after 1:2:2 is mixed in mass ratio,
Add water to adjust water content to obtain to 70wt%.
The auxiliary material is that rice husk, Poplar leaves, poplar bits are that 1:0.3:0.3 is prepared in mass ratio.
The auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: in temperature being respectively that 60 DEG C of drying to moisture content are by cavings, leaf, sawdust
8wt%, then it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, in mass ratio it is 1 by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust:
0.3:0.3 is mixed to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, environment temperature be 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d, a height of 50cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation
Daily turning 1 time to get organic fertilizer.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.1:0.1 in mass ratio
It mixes.
The castoff is that shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace are that crushed 4 meshes after 1:2:2 is mixed in mass ratio,
Add water to adjust water content to obtain to 70wt%.
The auxiliary material is that rice husk, Poplar leaves, poplar bits are that 1:0.3:0.3 is prepared in mass ratio.
The auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: in temperature being respectively that 60 DEG C of drying to moisture content are by cavings, leaf, sawdust
8wt%, then it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, in mass ratio it is 1 by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust:
0.3:0.3 mixing, obtains mixture；It is 60 DEG C, pressure that mixture, which is immersed in 10 times of mixture weight for the treatment of fluid in temperature,
Heat-insulation pressure keeping is carried out for 200MPa and handles 60min, then uses 1000 mesh screens, is 60 DEG C in temperature and is dried to moisture content and is
10wt% obtains pre-treated mixed material；1000g pre-treated mixed material is placed in after temperature is -30 DEG C of freezing 1.5h in microwave function
Rate is 500W, microwave frequency is that 2450MHz carries out microwave treatment 6min, obtains auxiliary material.
The treatment fluid is to obtain the final product, the sodium salt is sodium phosphate by the sodium salt aqueous solution soluble in water that 0.51mol/L is made.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, environment temperature be 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d, a height of 50cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation
Daily turning 1 time to get organic fertilizer.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.1:0.1 in mass ratio
It mixes.
The castoff is that shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace are that crushed 4 meshes after 1:2:2 is mixed in mass ratio,
Add water to adjust water content to obtain to 70wt%.
The auxiliary material is that rice husk, Poplar leaves, poplar bits are that 1:0.3:0.3 is prepared in mass ratio.
The auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: in temperature being respectively that 60 DEG C of drying to moisture content are by cavings, leaf, sawdust
8wt%, then it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, in mass ratio it is 1 by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust:
0.3:0.3 mixing, obtains mixture；It is 60 DEG C, pressure that mixture, which is immersed in 10 times of mixture weight for the treatment of fluid in temperature,
Heat-insulation pressure keeping is carried out for 200MPa and handles 60min, then uses 1000 mesh screens, is 60 DEG C in temperature and is dried to moisture content and is
10wt% obtains pre-treated mixed material；1000g pre-treated mixed material is put into corona treatment instrument be passed through oxygen carry out it is low
Isothermal plasma handles 10min, and the operating pressure of the Low Temperature Plasma Treating is 150Pa, back end pressure is 1Pa, processing
Temperature is 10 DEG C, discharge power 200W, obtains corona treatment mixture；1000g corona treatment mixture is set
After temperature is -30 DEG C of freezing 1.5h microwave power be 500W, microwave frequency be 2450MHz carry out microwave treatment 6min, obtain
To auxiliary material.
The treatment fluid is to obtain the final product, the sodium salt is sodium phosphate by the sodium salt aqueous solution soluble in water that 0.51mol/L is made.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, environment temperature be 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d, a height of 50cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation
Daily turning 1 time to get organic fertilizer.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.1:0.1 in mass ratio
It mixes.
The castoff is that shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace are that crushed 4 meshes after 1:2:2 is mixed in mass ratio,
Add water to adjust water content to obtain to 70wt%.
The auxiliary material is that rice husk, Poplar leaves, poplar bits are that 1:0.3:0.3 is prepared in mass ratio.
The auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: in temperature being respectively that 60 DEG C of drying to moisture content are by cavings, leaf, sawdust
8wt%, then it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, in mass ratio it is 1 by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust:
0.3:0.3 mixing, obtains mixture；It is 60 DEG C, pressure that mixture, which is immersed in 10 times of mixture weight for the treatment of fluid in temperature,
Heat-insulation pressure keeping is carried out for 200MPa and handles 60min, then uses 1000 mesh screens, is 60 DEG C in temperature and is dried to moisture content and is
10wt% obtains pre-treated mixed material；1000g pre-treated mixed material is put into corona treatment instrument be passed through oxygen carry out it is low
Isothermal plasma handles 10min, and the operating pressure of the Low Temperature Plasma Treating is 150Pa, back end pressure is 1Pa, processing
Temperature is 10 DEG C, discharge power 200W, obtains auxiliary material.
The treatment fluid is to obtain the final product, the sodium salt is sodium phosphate by the sodium salt aqueous solution soluble in water that 0.51mol/L is made.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, environment temperature be 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d, a height of 50cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation
Daily turning 1 time to get organic fertilizer.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.1:0.1 in mass ratio
It mixes.
The castoff is that shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace are that crushed 4 meshes after 1:2:2 is mixed in mass ratio,
Add water to adjust water content to obtain to 70wt%.
The auxiliary material is that rice husk, Poplar leaves, poplar bits are that 1:0.3:0.3 is prepared in mass ratio.
The auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: in temperature being respectively that 60 DEG C of drying to moisture content are by cavings, leaf, sawdust
8wt%, then it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, in mass ratio it is 1 by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust:
0.3:0.3 mixing, obtains mixture；It is 60 DEG C, pressure that mixture, which is immersed in 10 times of mixture weight for the treatment of fluid in temperature,
Heat-insulation pressure keeping is carried out for 200MPa and handles 60min, then uses 1000 mesh screens, is 60 DEG C in temperature and is dried to moisture content and is
10wt% obtains pre-treated mixed material；1000g pre-treated mixed material is put into corona treatment instrument be passed through oxygen carry out it is low
Isothermal plasma handles 10min, and the operating pressure of the Low Temperature Plasma Treating is 150Pa, back end pressure is 1Pa, processing
Temperature is 10 DEG C, discharge power 200W, obtains corona treatment mixture；1000g corona treatment mixture is set
After temperature is -30 DEG C of freezing 1.5h microwave power be 500W, microwave frequency be 2450MHz carry out microwave treatment 6min, obtain
To auxiliary material.
The treatment fluid is to obtain the final product, the sodium salt is sodium carbonate by the sodium salt aqueous solution soluble in water that 0.51mol/L is made.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 70wt% and be down to 55wt%, obtain mixture；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.01%, environment temperature be 25 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 20d, a height of 50cm of the heap of the compost fermentation, during the fermentation
Daily turning 1 time to get organic fertilizer.
The fermenting agent by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus,
Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, cellulase, amylase are 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.1:0.1 in mass ratio
It mixes.
The castoff is that shaddock slag, sweet potato skin, apple pomace are that crushed 4 meshes after 1:2:2 is mixed in mass ratio,
Add water to adjust water content to obtain to 70wt%.
The auxiliary material is that rice husk, Poplar leaves, poplar bits are that 1:0.3:0.3 is prepared in mass ratio.
The auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: in temperature being respectively that 60 DEG C of drying to moisture content are by cavings, leaf, sawdust
8wt%, then it is crushed to 100 mesh respectively, in mass ratio it is 1 by smashed cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust:
0.3:0.3 mixing, obtains mixture；It is 60 DEG C, pressure that mixture, which is immersed in 10 times of mixture weight for the treatment of fluid in temperature,
Heat-insulation pressure keeping is carried out for 200MPa and handles 60min, then uses 1000 mesh screens, is 60 DEG C in temperature and is dried to moisture content and is
10wt% obtains pre-treated mixed material；1000g pre-treated mixed material is put into corona treatment instrument be passed through oxygen carry out it is low
Isothermal plasma handles 10min, and the operating pressure of the Low Temperature Plasma Treating is 150Pa, back end pressure is 1Pa, processing
Temperature is 10 DEG C, discharge power 200W, obtains corona treatment mixture；1000g corona treatment mixture is set
After temperature is -30 DEG C of freezing 1.5h microwave power be 500W, microwave frequency be 2450MHz carry out microwave treatment 6min, obtain
To auxiliary material.
The treatment fluid is to obtain the final product, described is sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid by the sodium salt aqueous solution soluble in water that 0.51mol/L is made
Sodium is 1:2 composition in molar ratio.
Test case 1
Fertilizer efficiency performance test is carried out to the organic fertilizer of embodiment preparation.Specific test result is shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Testing example 2-7 organic fertilizer respectively selects Hubei Province Ezhou as experiment place, and plough 30cm, per acre
400kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, the soil for rolling up that will plough is uniformly mixed with organic fertilizer.Soil sampling is tested after fertilising 30 days, often
A embodiment organic fertilizer takes the soil sample of 5 points to test, and is averaged.
The measurement of soil invertase activity: weighing 5.00g fresh soil sample in 50mL triangular flask, adds 5 drop toluene, places
Matrix (8% sucrose solution) and each 10mL of 5.5 phosphate buffer solution of pH are added after 15min, 37 DEG C of cultures for 24 hours, then use water
It is settled to 50mL, is filtered after shaking up, while being arranged without matrix and without soil sample check experiment.Filtrate 0.5mL is taken to be injected into 50mL appearance
In measuring bottle, 3ml 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid is added, the water-bath 5min in boiling water bath uses distilled water constant volume after cooling, shakes up,
Colorimetric at spectrophotometer 508nm.Sucrase active is with the milligram number of glucose indicates in 1g soil after for 24 hours, unit mg
glucose·g-1·(24h)-1.The test result of each group is compared, P < 0.05, and difference has statistical significance.
The measurement of desaturase activity in soil: taking 3.00g fresh soil sample in 50mL centrifuge tube, sequentially adds 7.6 3 hydroxyl of pH
Aminomethane (Tris)-HC1 buffer, 0.1mol/L glucose solution, each 2mL of 0.5% red tetrazolium, are placed in 37 DEG C of perseverances
It cultivates for 24 hours, while being arranged without matrix and without soil sample check experiment in incubator.The 2 drop concentrated sulfuric acids are added after taking-up, terminate reaction, so
Afterwards be added 10mL toluene shaking, be centrifuged 5min at 4000rpm, take upper layer organic solvent at spectrophotometer 492nm into
Row colorimetric.Dehydrogenase activity indicates that unit is mg TF with the micrograms of San Ben Ji formazan (TF) are generated in rear 1g soil for 24 hours
g-1·(24h)-1.The test result of each group is compared, P < 0.05, and difference has statistical significance.
The measurement of soil urease liveness: taking the fresh soil sample of 5.00g in 50mL triangular flask, puts after 1.0mL toluene is added
15min is set, 10mL10% urea liquid and 6.7 citrate buffer solution of 20mL pH then is being added, is shaking up, is trained at 37 DEG C
3h is supported, after culture, 50mL is settled to 37 DEG C or so of distilled water, is filtered after shaking up, while being arranged without matrix and without soil
Sample check experiment.It takes 1.0mL filtrate in 50mL volumetric flask, 20mL distilled water is added, then it is molten that 4mL sodium phenate is added in oscillation
Liquid oscillation, 3mL liquor natrii hypochloritis is added immediately, sufficiently sways, constant volume after 20min, at the inherence spectrophotometer 578nm of 1h
Carry out colorimetric.Urease activity with after 3h 1g soil in NH3The milligram number of-N indicates that unit is mg NH3-N·g-1·(3h)-1.Respectively
The test result of group is compared, P < 0.05, and difference has statistical significance.
The measurement of soil neutral phosphatase activity: taking the fresh soil sample of 5.00g in 50mL triangular flask, and 1.0m toluene is added
After place 15min, then add two sodium solution of 20mL0.5% benzenephosphonic acid (with 8.5 trishydroxymethylaminomethane of pH (Tris)-
HC1 buffer) it shakes up, 3h is cultivated at 37 DEG C, and after culture, 20mL0.3%Al is added2(SO4)3Solution uses distilled water
Constant volume filters after swaying, while being arranged without matrix and without soil sample check experiment.It takes 1.0mL filtrate in 50mL volumetric flask, is added
5mL pH 8.5Tris-HC1 buffer solution, adds distilled water to 25mL, then it is sub- that the 5 bis- bromobenzene quinone chlorine acyls of 2,6- of drop are added in oscillation
Amine reagent, constant volume after 20min place after 3h the colorimetric at spectrophotometer 578nm.Soil neutral phosphatase activity 1g after 3h
The milligram number of the phenol released in soil indicates that unit is mg hydroxybenzeneg-1·(3h)-1.The test knot of each group
Fruit is compared, P < 0.05, and difference has statistical significance.
Soil available nitrogen is measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry: weighing the fresh soil sample by 10 mesh holes
5.00g adds 50mL 1mol L in 100mL triangular flask-1NH4OAc solution (native liquor ratio is 1:10), jumps a queue and vibrates 30min, use
Dry filter paper filtering, filtrate check in corresponding potassium content directly for flame spectrophotometer measuring from calibration curve.The test knot of each group
Fruit is compared, P < 0.05, and difference has statistical significance.
Table 1: enzymatic activity test result table
Note: soil invertase activity unit in table 1: mg glucoseg-1·(24h)-1.Soil deterioration index is living in table 1
Property unit: mg TFg-1·(24h)-1.Soil urease liveness unit in table 1: mg NH3-N·g-1·(3h)-1.Soil in table 1
Soil neutral phosphatase active unit: mg hydroxybenzeneg-1·(3h)-1。
Table 2: soil available nitrogen content measuring result table
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 60-80wt% and be down to 50-59wt%, mixed
Material；
(2) fermenting agent is added into mixture, is fermented.
2. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) auxiliary material to water content is added into the castoff of water content 60-80wt% and be down to 50-59wt%, mixed
Material；
(2) it adds fermenting agent into mixture to be uniformly mixed, the additive amount of the fermenting agent is mixture quality
0.005-0.02%, environment temperature be 0-35 DEG C of progress compost fermentation 15-25d to get.
3. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the castoff is shaddock slag, red
At least one of potato skin, apple pomace, duck processing dead meal, pork processing dead meal, chicken processing dead meal.
4. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the auxiliary material is cavings, leaf, sawdust
At least one of be prepared；The cavings is rice husk or wheat bran or beans shell；The leaf is Poplar leaves or pine tree leaf or willow
Leaf；The sawdust is poplar bits or pine sawdust.
5. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: by cavings,
It is 5-15wt% that leaf, sawdust, which are respectively 50-70 DEG C of drying to moisture content in temperature, then is crushed to 20-200 mesh respectively, by powder
Cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust after broken are 1:(0.2-0.4 in mass ratio): (0.2-0.4) is mixed to obtain the final product.
6. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the auxiliary material the preparation method comprises the following steps: by cavings,
It is 5-15wt% that leaf, sawdust, which are respectively 50-70 DEG C of drying to moisture content in temperature, then is crushed to 20-200 mesh respectively, by powder
Cavings, smashed leaf, smashed sawdust after broken are 1:(0.2-0.4 in mass ratio): (0.2-0.4) mixing obtains
Mixture；By mixture immerse 5-15 times of mixture weight treatment fluid in temperature be 55-65 DEG C, pressure 150-250MPa
It carries out heat-insulation pressure keeping and handles 50-70min, then use 600-1500 mesh screen, drying obtains pre-treated mixed material；It will be pre-
Processing mixture, which is put into corona treatment instrument, is passed through oxygen progress Low Temperature Plasma Treating 8-12min, described low temperature etc.
The operating pressure of gas ions processing is 100-200Pa, back end pressure is 1-2Pa, treatment temperature is 5-20 DEG C, discharge power is
150-250W obtains corona treatment mixture；It is -25~-35 DEG C of freezings that corona treatment mixture, which is placed in temperature,
After 1-2h microwave power be 400-700W, microwave frequency be 2400-2500MHz carry out microwave treatment 5-10min, obtain auxiliary
Material.
7. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the treatment fluid is by sodium salt system soluble in water
At 0.3-0.7mol/L aqueous solution to obtain the final product, the sodium salt be at least one of sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate.
8. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the fermenting agent is by bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus laterosporus, Trichoderma harzianum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, white light gray streptomycete, fibre
Tie up plain enzyme, amylase is 1:(0.5-1.5 in mass ratio): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5):
(0.5-1.5): (0.1-0.2): (0.1-0.2) is mixed.
9. the preparation method of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that a height of 20- of the heap of the compost fermentation
200cm, during the fermentation daily turning 1-5 times.
10. a kind of organic fertilizer is prepared using the preparation method of any one of claim 1-9 organic fertilizer.
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| CN111153717A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-15 | 北京意科乐生态科技有限公司 | Treatment method and strain for on-site treatment and reduction of kitchen waste |
| CN112266293A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-26 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Composition for improving farmland soil nutrients and preparation method thereof |
| CN117049926A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-11-14 | 山东新阡陌农业发展有限公司 | Organic fertilizer based on fruit and vegetable waste and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111153717A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-15 | 北京意科乐生态科技有限公司 | Treatment method and strain for on-site treatment and reduction of kitchen waste |
| CN112266293A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-26 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Composition for improving farmland soil nutrients and preparation method thereof |
| CN117049926A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-11-14 | 山东新阡陌农业发展有限公司 | Organic fertilizer based on fruit and vegetable waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN117049926B (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2024-04-09 | 山东新阡陌农业发展有限公司 | Organic fertilizer based on fruit and vegetable waste and preparation method thereof |
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