CN105144952B - A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method - Google Patents
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversaries to simplify fertilizing method, it is included in before wheat cultivation 12 days, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, apply trace element simultaneously, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 20% the 30% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer accounts for 60% the 70% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer accounts for 40% the 50% of required potash fertilizer total nutrient per acre；Second is carried out in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, the remaining fertilizer of required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per acre is applied, the anniversary of the present invention simplifies the supply that fertilizing method has taken into account wheat later stage nutrient simultaneously, simultaneously provide the foundation to rear stubble peanut fertilizer, this has taken into full account the nodule nitrogen fixation effect of peanut, reduce fertilizers input, avoid excessive application negative effect caused by underground water of fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen nutrient；Fertilizers input 12 times are reduced than traditional fertilizing method, have saved labour's input cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of winter wheat and the fertilizing method of Peanut, and in particular to northern knob winter wheat and summer
The method that peanut bi-annual planting simplifies fertilizer application frequency, belongs to agricultural fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Winter wheat is the staple food crop in China, and peanut is also important oil crops, and the two is the northern area of China
The staple crops of plantation.It is limited and ecological regional impact by anniversary heat resources, is also oriented to by traditional planting habit and government
Influence, while for effectively alleviate grain and oil strive ground contradiction, winter wheat Peanut relay interplanting planting is that northern some areas are particularly
A kind of important planting patterns in knob.It is influenced by soil parent material, hilly ground is generally sand soil or loam, this quality
Soil be particularly suitable for the growth of peanut, bear pods and harvest, can be reduced if Spring Peanut is planted one season crop plantation, therefore
Winter wheat and this planting patterns of Peanut can make full use of anniversary sunlight-heat reaources, can ensure two kinds of works within the limited time
Object normally completes growing process, while can also eliminate and plant the continuous cropping obstacle influence that peanut generates year after year, it is ensured that grain is made
Object and the bumper harvests of oil crops.
Except normal site preparation, sowing, irrigation, dispenser and receipts in the planting patterns of knob winter wheat Peanut interplanting
Outside obtaining, fertilising is an important Cultivate administration measure.In the contribution of crop yield, the contribution rate of fertilising is more than 50%, because
This is using rational fertilization type, fertilising dosage mode and the suitable fertilizing time of selection for ensureing stable yield or volume increase
It is very important.Winter wheat and Peanut traditional at present was planted in the breeding time of bi-annual planting uses four fertilizer substantially
Material, such as：In wheat planting, seedbed preparation uses a fertilizer, and a fertilizer is imposed around jointing stage in turning green for spring,
10-15 days sets are cultivated peanut before harvesting wheat, and peanut is just emerged after harvesting wheat, is spent with reference to wheat stubble-cleaning clean tillage
Then raw single-dose application carries out the application of second of fertilizer of peanut in the fruiting period of peanut.Traditional fertilizing operation there is
Following problem：First, fertilising single varieties or complexity, no matter relatively random in wheat season and the fertilising of peanut season, without basis
Crop carries out corresponding fertilizer nutrient input to the demand of various nutrients；Second is that fertilization time is although relatively reasonable, but number
More, the present situation with current rural laborer increasingly reduction more has part peasant household that can not be returned because doing manual work out there are contradiction
Come and miss the application of top dressing, cause precipitation insufficient, and existing fertilizer type is essentially fast-acting type, it is suitable to lack
Wheat and the slow-release or control-release fertilizer of peanut or depot fertilizer type, can not be by disposable with regard to that can meet crop entire breeding time
Nutrient demand；Third, due to being in period of beginning of bearing pods during peanut manuring late, top dressing is not easy to operate, according to spreading fertilizer over the fields
Mode can cause that fertilizer loss is serious, and plant recovery of nutrient is low, according to trench digging application mode can then cause to injure Peanut Root System and
Pod, so as to influence yield.
Chinese patent literature CN1561662A (application numbers：200410023889.1) disclose weight before wheat and peanut yielding two crops a year
Type fertilization method, this method is mainly according to the horizontal lower wheat of Different Fertilization and the anniversary nutrient formula example of peanut interplanting, it is proposed that after
The fertilising usage ratio of stubble peanut only accounts for 10%-35%, and such nutrient dosage completely can be by the second of first crop wheat
Secondary fertilising can meet, therefore fertilizer application frequency can be caused excessive, be not consistent with the current light production development trend that simplifies, in addition should
Fertilizing method is not defined fertilizer nutrient type, and common quick-acting fertilizer can not meet the nutrient of crop longer breeding time
Demand, and the later stage N-topdress dosage in wheat season is relatively fewer, can not meet the nutrient demand of wheat late growth stage, wheat
Yield can not ensure.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of hilly ground for the wheat and peanut set operation mode of hilly ground
The wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method.
Technical scheme is as follows：
Simplify fertilizing method a kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary, it is as follows including step：
(1) chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer, stalk organic commercial fertilizer or decomposed good soil are applied within 1-2 days before wheat cultivation
Miscellaneous muck, is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface；
(2) 1-2 days before wheat cultivation, winter wheat Peanut nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year is uniformly sprinkling upon ground
Table, while quick lime and zinc sulfate are sprinkled into, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 20%- of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N
30%, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for the 60%-70% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for
The 40%-50% of required potash fertilizer total nutrient per acre；
(3) site preparation is carried out after step (2) fertilising, site preparation is broadcast using ploughing deeply with reference to rotary tillage or independent rotary tillage after site preparation
Kind of wheat, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 30-40cm；
(4) carry out second in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, by winter wheat Peanut N P and K required per acre in two seasons of one year
The remaining fertilizer of fertilizer applies, while applies ammonium molybdate, borax and NAM additives；The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is with pure N in second of fertilising
Meter accounts for the 70%-80% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre
30%-40%, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O counts the 50%-60% for accounting for required potash fertilizer total nutrient per acre；
(5) 10-15 days before harvesting wheat, the zero tillage and interplanting peanut in wheat interplanting row, peanut is no longer applied in season
Fertilizer.
The wheat planting mode of the present invention, two row wheats of sowing in wheat furrow, the spacing 20-25cm of two row wheats are adjacent
It is interplanting row between two furrow, interplants plantation peanut in row.
Currently preferred, in step (1), the amount of application of chicken manure class or stalk organic commercial fertilizer is 100-250kg/
Mu, the amount of application of the decomposed good miscellaneous muck of soil is 1000-1500kg/ mus.
Chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer or stalk organic commercial fertilizer are existing product, and market is bought；The decomposed good miscellaneous excrement of soil
Fertilizer is made for the miscellaneous muck of soil by existing decomposed method.
Currently preferred, in step (2), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 30% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N,
The sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for the 70% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for required potassium per acre
The 40% of fertile total nutrient.
Currently preferred, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 4-6kg/ mus with pure N in step (2), and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5
7-8kg/ mus are calculated as, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 4-5kg/ mus.
Currently preferred, the sowing amount of quick lime is 50-70kg/ mus in step (2), and the sowing amount of zinc sulfate is 1-
2kg/ mus.
It is currently preferred, in step (3), plough deeply and once combine rotary tillage once with reference to rotary tillage to plough deeply, independent rotary tillage is
Depth 20-25cm is ploughed deeply in rotary tillage 2-3 times, and rotary tillage depth is in 10-15cm.
Currently preferred, in step (4), the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for required nitrogenous fertilizer per acre in terms of pure N in second of fertilising
The 70% of total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for the 30% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O
Meter accounts for the 60% of required potash fertilizer total nutrient per acre.
Currently preferred, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 12-18kg/ mus with pure N in step (4), the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer with
P2O53.5-5kg/ mus are calculated as, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 5-6kg/ mus.
Currently preferred, in step (4), the sowing amount of ammonium molybdate is 0.5-1kg/ mus, and the sowing amount of borax is 0.5-
1kg/ mus, the sowing amount of NAM additives is 0.4-0.8kg/ mus.
Currently preferred, in step (4), second of fertilising is ditch spread, and all fertilizer of second of fertilising are passed through people
Work or machinery blending, fertilizer after mixing are chased after being ditched by machinery in peanut interplanting row at wheat 15-20cm
Fertilizer, ditching depth 5-8cm, earthing after fertilising.
The fertilizing method of the present invention, the average product of wheat is in 350- in hilly ground winter wheat Peanut Rotation System
450kg/ mus, the average product of peanut pod is at 250-350kg/ mus.
Currently preferred, the nitrogenous fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or is combined with Diammonium phosphate (DAP), is preferably urinated
Element；The phosphate fertilizer is one or more kinds of combinations, phosphorus of preferably attaching most importance in Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate
Sour calcium；The potash fertilizer is preferably potassium chloride to be combined in one or two in potassium sulfate or potassium chloride；Or N P and K is all from
In ternary compound fertilizer.
Currently preferred, the NAM additives are depot fertilizer additive for compound fertilizer, and main component inhibits for nitrification
Agent, urease inhibitor and phosphorus activating agent；NAM additives can be such that fertilizer efficiency period extends to 90-120 days.
Ternary compound fertilizer is existing product, and market is bought.
Method and apparatus used in the present invention it is not specified according to the prior art.
The excellent results of the present invention are as follows：
1st, fertilizing method is simplified the anniversary of the invention particular for the sand of hilly ground or loamy texture soil types, it can be apparent
Soil physical property is improved, increases buffering power of soil, improves adsorption capacity of the soil colloid to nutrient, can effectively prevent soil
Earth and nutrient loss, long-time service can culture fertilities；
2nd, the anniversary nutrient demand that fertilizing method has considered wheat season and peanut season as a whole, addition are simplified the anniversary of the invention
The addition of the long-acting factor and activation factor plays the adjustment effect of nutrient between crops for rotation in agent；
3rd, the supply that second of fertilising in fertilizing method has taken into account wheat later stage nutrient simultaneously is simplified the anniversary of the invention, together
When provide the foundation to rear stubble peanut fertilizer, this has taken into full account the nodule nitrogen fixation effect of peanut, reduces fertilizers input, avoids
The waste of fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen nutrient is negatively affected caused by underground water；
4th, simplify fertilizing method in the anniversary of the invention and simplify fertilizing operation, fertilizers input is reduced than traditional fertilizing method
1-2 times, labour's input cost, additional income are saved；
5th, fertilizing method simplicity is simplified the anniversary of the invention, required different fertilizer nutrient easily obtains, can be by manually uniform
Mixture or mechanical mixture form, and can use, have the characteristics that simple, convenient, flexible immediately；
6th, simplifying fertilizing method the anniversary of the invention reduces fertilizer application frequency, but is added in the common fertilizer of second of fertilising
NAM additives have the long-acting feature similar with coating controlled-release fertilizer in the market, it is to apply nitrification inhibitor, urase inhibition
The two-way collaboration of agent mutually promotees action principle, can delay hydrolysis of urea speed, adds the ammonium concentration of soil, while inhibits ammonium nitrogen
To the conversion rate of nitrate nitrogen, and phosphorus activating technology being employed, the phosphorus in activation release soil prevents the phosphorus in fertilizer from fixing,
It is allowed to keep the longer term of validity, has the function of persistently to supply crop nutrition content；
7th, simplify addition micro- in fertilizing method in the anniversary of the invention and effectively solve knob soil stream
The problems such as calcium loss caused by mistake and trace element deficiency.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited only to following embodiment.
NAM additives in embodiment are durable composite fertilizer additive, purchased from Shenyang Zhongke New Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows：
(1) chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer 150kg is applied per acre within 2 days before wheat cultivation, be uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface；
(2) 2 days before wheat cultivation, while required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, while is sprinkled into 54kg lifes per acre
Lime and 1.2kg zinc sulfate, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for winter wheat Peanut nitrogenous fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year in terms of pure N
The 25% of total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for winter wheat Peanut phosphate fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year
60%, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for the 42% of winter wheat Peanut potash fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year；Specifically
For the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 5kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Be calculated as 7.2kg/ mus, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 4.2kg/ mus.
(3) site preparation is carried out after step (1), (2) all fertilizer are sprinkled into, site preparation, which uses to plough deeply, once combines rotary tillage once,
Depth is ploughed deeply as 23cm, rotary tillage depth is 10cm, carries out sowing wheat after site preparation, and the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is
30cm；Wheat line-spacing is 20cm in wheat furrow,
(4) carry out second in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, by manually blending, the fertilizer after mixing is small by machinery
Trench digging carries out top dressing, ditching depth 6cm, earthing after fertilising at wheat 15cm in the interplanting row of wheat；By winter wheat summer flower
The remaining fertilizer of raw nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year applies, at the same apply per acre ammonium molybdate 0.6kg, borax 0.5kg and
NAM additives 0.5kg；The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 75% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N in second of fertilising, phosphate fertilizer
Sowing amount with P2O5Meter accounts for the 40% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2It is total that O meters account for required potash fertilizer per acre
The 58% of nutrient；I.e.：The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 15kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O54.8kg/ mus are calculated as, potash fertilizer
Sowing amount with K2O is calculated as 5.8kg/ mus.
(5) 12 days before harvesting wheat, the zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
Phosphorus is provided by Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and nitrogen is by urea and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) offer, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows：
(1) the decomposed good miscellaneous muck 1200kg of soil is applied within 2 days before wheat cultivation per acre, is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface；
(2) 1 day before wheat cultivation, while required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, while is sprinkled into 50kg lifes per acre
Lime and 1.5kg zinc sulfate, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for winter wheat Peanut nitrogenous fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year in terms of pure N
The 30% of total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for winter wheat Peanut phosphate fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year
65%, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for the 48% of winter wheat Peanut potash fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year；Specifically
For the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 6kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Be calculated as 7.6kg/ mus, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 4.8kg/ mus.
(3) site preparation is carried out after step (1), (2) all fertilizer are sprinkled into, site preparation, rotary tillage depth are carried out using rotary tillage twice
For 13cm, sowing wheat is carried out after site preparation, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 40cm；Wheat line-spacing is in wheat furrow
22cm,
(4) carry out second in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, by manually blending, the fertilizer after mixing is small by machinery
Trench digging carries out top dressing, ditching depth 7cm, earthing after fertilising at wheat 20cm in the interplanting row of wheat；By winter wheat summer flower
The remaining fertilizer of raw nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year applies, at the same apply per acre ammonium molybdate 0.75kg, borax 0.7kg and
NAM additives 0.42kg；The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 70% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N in second of fertilising, phosphorus
The sowing amount of fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for the 35% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for required potash fertilizer per acre
The 52% of total nutrient；I.e.：The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 14kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O54.1kg/ mus are calculated as, potassium
The sowing amount of fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 5.2kg/ mus.
(5) 15 days before harvesting wheat, the zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
Phosphorus is provided by Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and nitrogen is by urea and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) offer, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows：
(1) chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer 200kg is applied per acre within 1 day before wheat cultivation, be uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface；
(2) 1 day before wheat cultivation, while required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, while is sprinkled into 65kg lifes per acre
Lime and 1kg zinc sulfate, wherein, it is total that the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for winter wheat Peanut nitrogenous fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year in terms of pure N
The 22% of nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for the 66% of winter wheat Peanut phosphate fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year,
The sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for the 50% of winter wheat Peanut potash fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year；Specifically, nitrogenous fertilizer
Sowing amount be calculated as 4.8kg/ mus with pure N, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O58kg/ mus are calculated as, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as
5kg/ mus.
(3) site preparation is carried out after step (1), (2) all fertilizer are sprinkled into, site preparation, rotary tillage depth are carried out using rotary tillage twice
For 12cm, sowing wheat is carried out after site preparation, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 36cm；Wheat line-spacing is in wheat furrow
24cm,
(4) carry out second in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, by manually blending, the fertilizer after mixing is small by machinery
Trench digging carries out top dressing, ditching depth 6cm, earthing after fertilising at wheat 18cm in the interplanting row of wheat；By winter wheat summer flower
The remaining fertilizer of raw nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year applies, at the same apply per acre ammonium molybdate 0.8kg, borax 0.8kg and
NAM additives 0.7kg；The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 78% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N in second of fertilising, phosphate fertilizer
Sowing amount with P2O5Meter accounts for the 34% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2It is total that O meters account for required potash fertilizer per acre
The 50% of nutrient；I.e.：The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 17kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O54.1kg/ mus are calculated as, potash fertilizer
Sowing amount with K2O is calculated as 5kg/ mus.
(5) 11 days before harvesting wheat, the zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
Fertilizer nutrient is provided by N P and K ternary compound fertilizer before Wheat Sowing, and second of the nitrogen that applies fertilizer is carried by urea and monoammonium phosphate
For phosphorus is provided by monoammonium phosphate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Embodiment 4：
A kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary simplifies fertilizing method, and step is as follows：
(1) stalk organic commercial fertilizer 250kg is applied per acre within 1 day before wheat cultivation, be uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface；
(2) 1 day before wheat cultivation, while required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, while is sprinkled into 68kg lifes per acre
Lime and 1.3kg zinc sulfate, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for winter wheat Peanut nitrogenous fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year in terms of pure N
The 27% of total nutrient, the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for winter wheat Peanut phosphate fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year
60%, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for the 40% of winter wheat Peanut potash fertilizer total nutrient required per acre in two seasons of one year；Specifically
For the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 5.4kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Be calculated as 7kg/ mus, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 4kg/ mus.
(3) site preparation is carried out after step (1), (2) all fertilizer are sprinkled into, site preparation, which uses to plough deeply, once combines rotary tillage once,
Depth is ploughed deeply as 25cm, rotary tillage depth is 10cm, carries out sowing wheat after site preparation, and the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is
32cm；Wheat line-spacing is 25cm in wheat furrow,
(4) carry out second in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, by manually blending, the fertilizer after mixing is small by machinery
Trench digging carries out top dressing, ditching depth 7cm, earthing after fertilising at wheat 16cm in the interplanting row of wheat；By winter wheat summer flower
The remaining fertilizer of raw nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year applies, at the same apply per acre ammonium molybdate 1kg, borax 0.75kg and
NAM additives 0.5kg；The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 73% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N in second of fertilising, phosphate fertilizer
Sowing amount with P2O5Meter accounts for the 40% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2It is total that O meters account for required potash fertilizer per acre
The 60% of nutrient；I.e.：The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 14.6kg/ mus with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O54.67kg/ mus are calculated as,
The sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 6kg/ mus.
(5) 12 days before harvesting wheat, the zero tillage and interplanting peanut in interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
Nitrogen is provided by urea, and phosphorus is provided by double superhosphate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride.
Application examples 1：
By embodiment 1 compared with traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method.Traditional wheat and peanut interplanting is applied
Fertile method is as follows：50kg/ mu of the ternary compound fertilizer of 15-15-15 is applied before wheat cultivation, spreads fertilizer over the fields rear rotary tillage soil 1 time, is sowed small
Wheat；Second year turns green-jointing stage spread fertilizer over the fields urea 15kg after water；10 days sets are cultivated peanut before harvesting wheat, harvesting wheat latter week
Left and right combines the top dressing that wheat stubble-cleaning carries out peanut, using 40kg/ mus of the ternary compound fertilizer of 18-17-10, in bearing pods for peanut
Initial stage imposes the composite fertilizer 20kg of 18-17-10, and other measures are the same as normal field management.
The fertilizing method of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method are to planting cost, yield
Influence, which is compared, see the table below shown in 1.
Simplify fertilizing method in the 1 hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary of table compared with traditional fertilization method
By table 1, simplify fertilizing method the anniversary of the invention and given birth to compared with traditional fertilization in wheat and peanut bi-annual planting
Fertilizer application frequency is reduced in phase twice, and 35 yuan of input is saved in fertilising recruitment per acre, pure precipitation 14.4kg/ mus is saved, in yield
Substantially in the case of comparable, net income increases by 144 yuan per acre, is truly realized abridged edition and increases income.
Application examples 2：
By the fertilizing method of the embodiment of the present invention 3 compared with traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method, the present invention
Fertilizing method with traditional wheat and peanut interplanting fertilizing method to utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen discharge rate and soil microbial biomass
Influence, which is compared, see the table below shown in 2.
Simplify fertilizing method in the 2 hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary of table compared with traditional fertilization method
Note：Soil Microbial Biomass Measurement Methods count cultivation for separation.Specific method：The fresh soil samples of 10g are weighed to be placed in
In the triangular flask equipped with bead of sterilizing, 90ml sterile waters are added in, vibrating 30min makes soil sample be dispersed into uniform soil to hang
Liquid carries out gradient dilution, and suitable dilution factor is taken to apply tablet, and general aerobic heterotrophic bacteria uses 10-4~10-6Dilution factor, unwrapping wire
Bacterium uses 10-3~10-5, fungi is using 10-2~10-4.Uniform tablet will be coated with to be inverted, certain time (bacterium is cultivated in 30 DEG C
1~5d, 5~14d of actinomyces, 3~6d of fungi), it carries out CFU (Colony Form ing Un it) and counts.
See from table 2, simplify fertilizing method in the anniversary carried out by embodiment 3 and reduce pure precipitation per acre compared with traditional fertilization
12.5kg, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improve 4.6 percentage points, and nitrogen discharge rate declines 0.9 percentage point, and nutrient preserving capability enhances, the micro- life of soil
Object amount dramatically increases, and is effectively improved soil biology character, improves soil soil fertility, increases net income 136 per acre
Member.
Application examples 3：
Application examples 1 has only used three kinds of nutrients of N P and K with traditional fertilization method in application examples 2, more to show the present invention
Advantage, trace element in adding on the basis of the application examples conventional method (fertilising before wheat cultivation simultaneously with apply quick lime and
Zinc sulfate；Match somebody with somebody during peanut first time topdressing and apply ammonium molybdate and borax) Experimental Comparison is carried out, the conventional method and the present invention of improvement are real
The fertilizing method for applying example 1 is compared, and the influence to planting cost, yield, which is compared, see the table below shown in 3.
Simplify fertilizing method in the 3 hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary of table compared with the traditional fertilization method improved
From table 3 it can be seen that after use micro- in being added on the basis of conventional method, yield slightly increases
Add, but simplify fertilizing method the anniversary of the present invention also to have more than 90 yuan of economic well-being of workers and staff per acre, it is with obvious effects.
Claims (6)
1. simplify fertilizing method a kind of hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary, it is as follows including step：
（1）Apply within 1-2 days before wheat cultivation chicken manure class organic commercial fertilizer, stalk organic commercial fertilizer or the decomposed good miscellaneous excrement of soil
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface；The amount of application of chicken manure class or stalk organic commercial fertilizer is 100-250kg/ mus, the decomposed good miscellaneous excrement of soil
The amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-1500kg/ mus；
（2）1-2 days before wheat cultivation, winter wheat Peanut nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface,
Quick lime and zinc sulfate are sprinkled into simultaneously, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 30% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N, phosphate fertilizer
Sowing amount with P2O5Meter accounts for the 70% of required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2It is total that O meters account for required potash fertilizer per acre
The 40% of nutrient；
（3）Step（2）Carry out site preparation after fertilising, site preparation after site preparation sow small using ploughing deeply with reference to rotary tillage or independent rotary tillage
Wheat, the peanut interplanting line width between wheat furrow is 30-40cm；It ploughs deeply and once combines rotary tillage once with reference to rotary tillage to plough deeply, individually
Rotary tillage is rotary tillage 2-3 times, ploughs deeply depth 20-25cm, rotary tillage depth is in 10-15cm；
（4）Second is carried out in the jointing stage of wheat to apply fertilizer, by winter wheat Peanut nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer required per acre in two seasons of one year
Remaining fertilizer applies, while applies ammonium molybdate, borax and NAM additives, and the sowing amount of ammonium molybdate is 0.5-1kg/mu, borax
Sowing amount for 0.5-1kg/mu, the sowing amount of NAM additives is 0.4-0.8kg/mu；The application of nitrogenous fertilizer in second of fertilising
Amount accounts for the 70% of required nitrogenous fertilizer total nutrient per acre in terms of pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter accounts for required phosphate fertilizer total nutrient per acre
30%, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O meters account for the 60% of required potash fertilizer total nutrient per acre；
（5）10-15 days before harvesting wheat, the zero tillage and interplanting peanut in wheat interplanting row, peanut no longer applies fertilizer in season.
2. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that step（2）In
The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 4-6kg/mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Be calculated as 7-8kg/mu, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 4-5kg/mu, and the sowing amount of quick lime is 50-70kg/mu, and the sowing amount of zinc sulfate is 1-2kg/ mus.
3. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that step（4）In
The sowing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 12-18kg/mu with pure N, and the sowing amount of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5It is calculated as 3.5-5kg/mu, the application of potash fertilizer
Amount is with K2O is calculated as 5-6kg/mu.
4. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that step（4）In,
Second of fertilising is ditch spread, and by all fertilizer of second of fertilising by manually or mechanically blending, the fertilizer after mixing is passing through
Trench digging carries out top dressing, ditching depth 5-8cm, earthing after fertilising at wheat 15-20cm in mechanical peanut interplanting row.
5. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that the hilly ground winter is small
In wheat Peanut Rotation System the average product of wheat in 350-450kg/ mus, the average product of peanut pod in 250-350kg/
Mu.
6. the hilly ground wheat and peanut anniversary according to claim 1 simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer
It is combined for one of urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or with Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；The phosphate fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate
Middle one or more kinds of combinations；The potash fertilizer is one or two kinds of combinations in potassium sulfate or potassium chloride；Or N P and K comes
From in ternary compound fertilizer.
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| CN107087465A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-25 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method |
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