CN107258190B - A kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping - Google Patents
A kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258190B CN107258190B CN201710567608.6A CN201710567608A CN107258190B CN 107258190 B CN107258190 B CN 107258190B CN 201710567608 A CN201710567608 A CN 201710567608A CN 107258190 B CN107258190 B CN 107258190B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, this method includes：(1) after preceding crop harvest, base fertilizer is made with organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer, garlic was sowed in September to October 10 within 25th, (2) early and middle ten dayses in April next year, the phase is extended to BOITING STAGE in garlic shoot, imposes nitrogen, potash fertilizer, cotton pot seedlings are in the ranks transplanted in garlic at the beginning of (3) late April to 5 months, late May harvests garlic, and June, early and middle ten dayses applied cotton in seedling stage fertilizer.The garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of the present invention, polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid can be complexed nutrient ion in fertilizer in garlic base fertilizer, reduce nutrient loss, improve nutrient valid density, have the function that extension fertilizer efficiency.Soil moisture can be pinned simultaneously, both provided nutrient and moisture for cotton, provides the foundation and ensures for the growth of cotton again, meanwhile, the diversity in soil organic matter source is added, promotes the recovery of diversity of soil microorganism, there is anti-continuous cropping.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, belong to technical field of fertilizer application.
Background technology：
Garlic belongs to Liliaceae allium biennial herb plant, originates in western part of Asia, Central Highland and south of europe,
Oneself has the cultivation history of more than 2,000 years in China, and present China various regions are planted extensively.In garlic containing abundant vitamin C, sulphur,
The mineral matters such as phosphorus, iron, it is the deep health-care vegetable liked by the people of various countries and important flavouring and medical material, is a kind of high
The vegetables of input, high production and high yield, and the vegetables that process raw material and export goods and earn foreign currency that China is important.Cotton belongs to Malvaceae
Cotton, subtropical zone is originated in, good light, happiness is hot, drought-enduring, avoids stain, is suitably planted in loose deep soil, cotton is in field
Between breeding cycle it is longer, be the dicotyledonous fibre plant of polypetalous, and a kind of industrial crops that better results.
It is a kind of typical high-efficient planting patterns that garlic and the crop rotation of cotton anniversary, which are planted in Shandong garlic producing region, two kinds of crops
The crop rotation on same soil, have complementary advantages, bring out the best in each other.Garlic and cotton interplanting symbiosis phase are short, before cotton buddings, garlic
It has been harvested that, two kinds of crops can effectively utilize warm light resource.Garlic can realize that " film is dual-purpose, a fertilizer two with cotton interplanting simultaneously
It is dual-purpose with a, water ", cost-saving synergistic can be achieved, improve ratio for input and output.Normal year, garlic are broadcast in late September to mid-October
Kind, base fertilizer is used sufficient before sowing, fine site preparation simultaneously does furrow, after planting flattens furrow face dibbling garlic, pours cover-head water immediately, 2 to 3 days
Afterwards, mulch film is covered when ground dry and wet is suitable, at the beginning of 4 months next years, late April or the first tenday period of a month in May impose " urge tongue fertile " and " urge respectively
Head fertilizer ", watering is combined during fertilising every time and is carried out, in base manure in addition to the organic fertilizers such as farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer typically applies high nitrogen, high potassium
Type garlic special fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer ratio is smaller, and top dressing is mainly based on the common fertilizers such as urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulfate.5
The beginning of the month in the ranks transplants cotton pot seedlings in garlic, garlic " urging a water " is poured after transplanting, to promote bowl-entering soil closely to be tied with field soil
To close, fully expand maturation to late May garlic, harvested, harvest imposes cotton seed manure later, from top dressing in June to July 2 times,
Cotton in seedling stage fertilizer is imposed in early June respectively and cotton bell fertilizer was imposed at the beginning of 7 months by the end of June, top dressing is mainly compound with high concentration
Based on fertilizer.As can be seen that garlic and cotton anniversary crop rotation plantation top dressing number are more from above-mentioned traditional alternating method, garlic with
Cotton respectively needs top dressing 2 times.
At present, traditional garlic cotton anniversary Rotated Fertilization custom can not meet rotation crop high yield, resource high-efficiency and
The demand that abridged edition increases income, there is problems, mainly have：(1) apply that nitrogen, phosphorus are more, and potassium is few in traditional fertilization custom, to garlic
For the vegetables of this kind of happiness potassium, potassium deficiency causes quality decline, and commodity is not strong, and the fiber that potassium deficiency can also influence cotton is strong
Degree, causes quality and yield to decline；(2) nutrient formula is unreasonable between traditional fertilization custom garlic cotton crops for rotation；(3) in crops for rotation not
Unclear with nutrient formula, peasant household is generally excessively single (inclined nitrogen fertilizer application) using chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer application, causes fertilizer to waste, earth's surface
Water eutrophication, groundwater azotate content overproof and air in N2The environmental problems such as O discharge increases；(4) traditional garlic
In the cotton crop rotation production cycle, general garlic chases after 3 fertilizer, and cotton chases after 2 fertilizer, and the fertilizer base before being broadcast plus garlic is applied, and is applied altogether
Fertilizer 6 times, common fertilizer fertilizer efficiency it is short, it is necessary to repeatedly top dressing could meet the growth demand of crop, not only waste time and energy, greatly increase
Labor cost, and during top dressing mechanical damage easily is caused to crop, particularly cotton fruit branch；And due to labor cost
The reason for high, " one bombards " ratio more and more higher；(5) Soil-sickness Problem is protruded, and soil disease is got over caused by long-term continuous cropping
Carry out heavier, pest and disease damage aggravation.
Further, since labour is shifted from rural area to city at this stage, rural laborer's deficiency, light simplified production is inevitable
Trend, this just plans strategies for fertilizer type and fertilising and proposes higher requirement：Fertilizer application frequency should be reduced, also to extend fertilizer efficiency period
With improve nutrien utilization, and there is refined trabeculectomy to this soil microflora for planting vegetables cotton rotation system, eliminate continuous cropping obstacle, protect
Hold soil health.Conventional common fertilizer product and fertilizer practice can not meet that this two season of rotation system crop entirely gives birth to simultaneously
The nutrient demand of phase and the double goal of improved soil, under light the driving for simplifying production of China's agricultural, there is an urgent need to a kind of big
The simplification Efficient fertilization method of garlic/cotton crop rotation, to obtain higher crop yield and product while production cost is saved
Matter.
The content of the invention：
For the deficiency of traditional garlic cotton Rotated Fertilization technology, the invention provides a kind of garlic cotton of anti-continuous cropping wheel
Make Efficient fertilization method, the present invention farthest simplifies fertilising time on the premise of crop anniversary nutrient demand is taken into full account
Number, recruitment is reduced, ensure stable crop yield volume increase, while soil continuous cropping obstacle can be alleviated, reached cost-saving synergistic and farmland is sustainable
The purpose utilized.
Term explanation：
Garlic cotton crop rotation：Refer to and plant two kinds of crops of garlic and cotton in turn on same soil, usually annual 9
The last ten-days period to early October moon sowing garlic, late May next year harvest garlic, transplants cotton, greatly at the beginning of the late April to 5 months of next year
Garlic and cotton have an of short duration symbiosis phase, are harvested in batches according to cotton field blow-of-cottons situation at the beginning of late August to 10 months, typically 10
The moon pulls out cotton in 1 day or so, then plants garlic again, enters the crop cycle of next round again from this, and so circulation is referred to as garlic cotton
Floral whorl makees.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, key step are as follows：
(1) after preceding crop harvest, base fertilizer is made with organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer, by organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer
Material uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields to be buried in earth's surface and turning over, fine site preparation bedding, and garlic was sowed to October 10 within 25th in September, after planting pour it is permeable,
Herbicide spraying, mulch film is covered afterwards；
(2) early and middle ten dayses in April next year, the phase is extended to BOITING STAGE in garlic shoot, imposes nitrogen, potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 6-
10kg/ mus, in terms of N, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 5-8kg/ mus, with K2O is counted, and is poured water after fertilising；
(3) cotton pot seedlings are in the ranks transplanted in garlic at the beginning of late April to 5 months, late May harvest garlic, June, early and middle ten dayses were applied
Cotton in seedling stage fertilizer, is applied, ditching depth 8-12cm, earthing after fertilising, the later stage is no longer being ditched at the 10-15cm of cotton side
Top dressing；Described cotton in seedling stage fertilizer is the fertilizer special for cotton with slow release effect, is sustained 90-120 days phase.
Dried poultrymanure or organic commercial fertilizer are selected according to currently preferred, described organic fertilizer, the amount of application of dried poultrymanure is
150-200kg/ mus, the amount of application of organic commercial fertilizer is 100-150kg/ mus.
According to currently preferred, the amount of application of polymeric amino acid fertilizer is 80-100kg/ mus, and amount of application is in terms of nutrient, N
10-14kg/ mus, P2O510-14kg/ mus, K2O 12-16kg/ mus.
According to currently preferred, garlic sowing Suitable depth is 3-4cm.
According to currently preferred, described polymeric amino acid fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials composition is as follows：Nitrogenous fertilizer 12-16 parts,
Phosphate fertilizer 12-16 parts, potash fertilizer 14-18 parts, NAM additive 0.5-1 parts, zinc fertilizer 0.5-1 parts, iron fertilizer 0.6-0.8 parts, boron fertilizer 0.3-
0.5 part, polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid 0.006-0.01 parts.
According to currently preferred, polyphosphazene polymer glutamate molecule amount is in 200,000-200 ten thousand dalton.
Polymeric amino acid fertilizer is made using propylhomoserin comminution granulation, and propylhomoserin comminution granulation is existing conventional method.
According to currently preferred, the irrigation quantity of step (2) makes soil conservation moisture state according to soil moisture content.
According to currently preferred, the fertilizer special for cotton amount of application with slow release effect is 50-65kg/ mus, amount of application with
Nutrient meter, N 13-15kg/ mus, P2O56-8kg/ mus, K2O 8-10kg/ mus.
It is as follows according to currently preferred, the fertilizer special for cotton with slow release effect, parts by weight of raw materials composition：
Nitrogenous fertilizer 22-26 parts,
Phosphate fertilizer 10-14 parts,
Potash fertilizer 12-16 parts,
NAM additive 0.6-1 parts.
Be urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate according to currently preferred, described nitrogenous fertilizer, or urea and ammonium sulfate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP),
The combination of one of MAP, it is preferred that described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.
It is in Diammonium phosphate (DAP), MAP, calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate according to currently preferred, described phosphate fertilizer
One of them or two or more any combination.Preferably, described phosphate fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP).
It is potassium sulfate according to currently preferred, described potash fertilizer.
According to currently preferred, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate.
According to currently preferred, the iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate.
According to currently preferred, the boron fertilizer is borax.
NAM additives described in the step (1), (3) are depot fertilizer additive for compound fertilizer, and main component is nitrification suppression
Preparation, urease inhibitor and phosphorus activating agent etc., NAM additives can be such that fertilizer efficiency period extends to 90-120 days.
The preparation of the cotton depot fertilizer with slow release effect in step (3) is to be crushed each raw material, crosses 80
Mesh sieve, mix in proportion, you can apply.Or after the various raw materials for crossing 80 mesh sieves are uniformly mixed in proportion, it is put into and makes
Grain disk, adds granulation adhesive, using rotary table granulation, is dried after granulation, and cooling cylinder carries out air-cooled processing, mistake after cooling
2-4mm is sieved, and is produced.
The method have the characteristics that：
1st, garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of the invention, polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid can be complexed fertilizer in garlic base fertilizer
Nutrient ion in material, nutrient loss is reduced, improve nutrient valid density, have the function that to extend fertilizer efficiency.Soil can be pinned simultaneously
Moisture in earth, accomplish water conservation drought resisting, be advantageous to crop nutrient absorption, both provided nutrient and moisture for cotton, be again cotton
Grow and provide the foundation and ensure, meanwhile, the diversity in soil organic matter source is added, is advantageous to suppress pathogen population quantity
Growth, the recovery of diversity of soil microorganism can be promoted, there is anti-continuous cropping.
2nd, garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of the invention, garlic base fertilizer and cotton are used special with slow release effect
Fertilizer adds the long-acting fertilizer additives of NAM, be apply urease inhibitor, mutually rush effect is former for the two-way collaboration of nitrification inhibitor
Reason, hydrolysis of urea can be delayed, increase soil ammonium concentration, while suppress conversion rate of the ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, extend nitrogen
The nutrient term of validity, and phosphorus activation and the anti-adsorption immobilization technique of potassium are employed, the phosphorus in activation release soil, while prevent in fertilizer
Phosphorus potassium by soil fixing, be allowed to keep the longer term of validity, the function with persistently supply crop nutrition content.
3rd, garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of the invention, garlic base fertilizer compensate for during long-term garlic cotton seed is planted by
In crop absorb take away cause soil trace element to lack the problem of.
4th, garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of the invention, special slow release fertilizer for cotton is by common common fertilizer ratio
Blending is formed, and in the market is easily bought, advantage of lower cost；It can immediately be used, had by artificial uniformly mixture or mechanical mixture
Simply, the characteristics of convenient, flexible, single fertilization can meet the needs of cotton time of infertility is to nutrient, solve middle and later periods cotton
It is difficult to top dressing and common fertilizer " one bombards " because plant is tall and big because later stage manpower shortage causes the problem of de- fertile, very big journey
Degree simplifies production operation, while can reduce nitrate leaching, exceeded to groundwater azotate to have prevention and control meaning.
5th, produced compared to peasant habit, fertilizing method of the invention is applied within the garlic cotton crop rotation anniversary into field
The operation of fertilizer only has 3 times, compared with 5-6 fertilising of traditional habit, greatly reduces recruitment, has liberated labour.One
All annuals save labour and put into 150-200 members/mu.
6th, the anniversary efficient fertilization method of garlic of the invention and cotton crop rotation considered as a whole two season crop it is each in 1 year
The nutrient allocation of growing stage, two kinds of fertilizer formulas are reasonable, have dual raising effect for yield and nutrient efficiency.Two seasons were made
Thing overall productivity improve more than 5%, the anniversary utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can improve 7-10 percentage points.
Embodiment：
The present invention is further described by the following examples, but is not limited to following examples.
NAM additives used in embodiment are durable composite fertilizer additives, and main component is nitrification inhibitor, urase suppression
Agent and phosphorus activating agent etc., NAM additives can be such that fertilizer efficiency period extends to -120 days 90 days, purchased from the limited public affairs of section's new-type fertilizer in Shenyang
Department.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, step are as follows：
(1) sowing on October 1 garlic, every mu of polymeric amino acid fertilizer for applying dried poultrymanure 200kg/ mus and 100kg/ mus
Material, polymeric amino acid rate of fertilizer (pure) in terms of nutrient is N 14kg/ mus, P2O512kg/ mus, K2O 16kg/ mus.First
Organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer are sprinkling upon earth's surface, turns over and sows garlic after burying fine site preparation, garlic depth of planting is 3cm, is poured
Permeable and timely herbicide spraying, covers mulch film afterwards.
Described polymeric amino acid fertilizer, parts by weight composition are as follows：14 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 16 parts of potash fertilizer, NAM adds
Add 0.6 part of agent, 0.6 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.8 part of iron fertilizer, 0.3 part of boron fertilizer, 0.006 part of polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid.
(2) in early April next year, the phase is extended in garlic shoot, imposes nitrogen, potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 8kg/ mus (with pure N
Meter), the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 6kg/ mus (with K2O is counted), broadcast application, which coordinates, pours water, and irrigation quantity can make soil according to soil moisture content
Keep moisture state.
(3) cotton is transplanted in late April, late May harvest garlic, cotton in seedling stage fertilizer is applied in early June, trench digging is applied
With, ditching depth 10cm, the earthing after cotton 12cm, fertilising, later stage no longer top dressing.Cotton fertilization now is with sustained release
The special fertilizer 50kg/ mus of effect, can be that the nutrient that cotton provides is pure N 13kg/ mus, P2O56kg/ mus, K2O 8kg/ mus.
Fertilizer special for cotton with slow release effect, parts by weight of raw materials composition are as follows：
26 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer
12 parts of phosphate fertilizer
16 parts of potash fertilizer
0.6 part of NAM additives
Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea and ammonium hydrogen carbonate (garlic shoot extends phase top dressing use), and phosphate fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, zinc
Fertilizer is zinc sulfate, and iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate, and boron fertilizer is borax.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, step are as follows：
(1) sowing on October 5 garlic, using 150kg/ mus organic commercial fertilizer and the polymeric amino acid fertilizer of 90kg/ mus,
Polymeric amino acid rate of fertilizer (pure) in terms of nutrient is N 13.5kg/ mus, P2O510.8kg/ mus, K2O 14.4kg/ mus.
Organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer are first sprinkling upon earth's surface, turns over and sows garlic after burying fine site preparation, garlic sowing is general suitable deep
Spend for 3.5cm, pour permeable and timely herbicide spraying, cover mulch film afterwards.
Described polymeric amino acid fertilizer, parts by weight composition are as follows：15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 16 parts of potash fertilizer, NAM adds
Add 0.8 part of agent, 0.75 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.6 part of iron fertilizer, 0.5 part of boron fertilizer, 0.008 part of polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid.Pass through propylhomoserin comminution granulation
It is made.
(2) in mid-April next year, nitrogen, potash fertilizer are imposed in the BOITING STAGE of garlic shoot, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer for 7.5kg/ mus (with
Pure N meter), the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 5.6kg/ mus (with K2O is counted), broadcast application, which coordinates, pours water, and irrigation quantity can be according to soil moisture content
Make soil conservation moisture state.
(3) cotton to be transplanted at the beginning of 5 months, late May harvest garlic, cotton in seedling stage fertilizer is applied mid-June, trench digging is applied,
Ditching depth 10cm, the earthing after cotton 14cm, fertilising, later stage no longer top dressing.Cotton fertilization now is to be imitated with sustained release
The special fertilizer 60kg/ mus of fruit, can be that the nutrient that cotton provides is pure N 15kg/ mus, P2O57.2kg/ mus, K2O 9.6kg/
Mu.
Fertilizer special for cotton with slow release effect, parts by weight of raw materials composition are as follows：
25 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer
12 parts of phosphate fertilizer
16 parts of potash fertilizer
0.8 part of NAM additives
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea (being also used as BOITING STAGE top dressing) and ammonium sulfate, and described phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, potash fertilizer
For potassium sulfate, zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate, and iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate, and boron fertilizer is borax.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, step are as follows：
(1) sowing on October 8 garlic, using 120kg/ mus organic commercial fertilizer and the polymeric amino acid fertilizer of 85kg/ mus,
Polymeric amino acid rate of fertilizer (pure) in terms of nutrient is N 12kg/ mus, P2O510.2kg/ mus, K2O 13.6kg/ mus.First
Organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer are sprinkling upon earth's surface, turns over and sows garlic after burying fine site preparation, garlic sows general Suitable depth
For 3cm, permeable and timely herbicide spraying is poured, covers mulch film afterwards.
Described polymeric amino acid fertilizer, parts by weight composition are as follows：14 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 16 parts of potash fertilizer, NAM adds
Add 0.9 part of agent, 0.8 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.7 part of iron fertilizer, 0.4 part of boron fertilizer, 0.007 part of polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid.Pass through propylhomoserin comminution granulation
It is made.
(2) in early April next year, the phase is extended in garlic shoot, imposes nitrogen, potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 10kg/ mus (with pure N
Meter), the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 7kg/ mus (with K2O is counted), broadcast application, which coordinates, pours water, and irrigation quantity can make soil according to soil moisture content
Keep moisture state.
(3) cotton is transplanted in the first tenday period of a month in May, late May harvest garlic, cotton in seedling stage fertilizer is applied in early June, trench digging is applied
With, ditching depth 12cm, the earthing after cotton 15cm, fertilising, later stage no longer top dressing.Cotton fertilization now is with sustained release
The special fertilizer 65kg/ mus of effect, can be that the nutrient that cotton provides is pure N 15kg/ mus, P2O57kg/ mus, K2O 10kg/ mus.
Fertilizer special for cotton with slow release effect, parts by weight of raw materials composition are as follows：
23 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer
10.7 parts of phosphate fertilizer
15.4 parts of potash fertilizer
1 part of NAM additives
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and urea (be also used as garlic shoot and extend phase top dressing), and described phosphate fertilizer is attached most importance to peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium, potash fertilizer are potassium sulfate, and zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate, and iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate, and boron fertilizer is borax.
Application experiment example：
Application examples 1：
By using the Efficient fertilization method of the moderate resistance continuous cropping of above-described embodiment 1, by the field test of continuous 2 years, compare
(garlic base fertilizer applies 150kg dried poultrymanures to peasant convention fertilising custom, 100kg 15-15-15 composite fertilizers, nitrogen is imposed in early April
Fertilizer (N) 7kg, potassium sulfate (K2O) 6kg, in late April Nitrogen Top Dressing (N) 5kg；Cotton first time top dressing is in May after garlic harvest
Bottom, using Common compound fertilizer 20-10-16 50kg/ mus, in bell phase Nitrogen Top Dressing (N) 8kg, the anniversary fertilizer application frequency add up to 5 times,
Other production links are identical), the garlic list annual volume increase 85kg/ mus of output, cotton averagely increases production 7.5kg/ (based on gined cotton)
Mu；One period of crop-rotation, which gets off averagely to save labour, puts into 150 yuan/mu, net profit up to 550 yuan/mu, precipitation amount,
Fertilizer application frequency, yield, income comparing result see the table below.
The present invention of table 1 contrasts with peasant convention fertilising in terms of production benefit and nutrien utilization
Application examples 2：
By using the Efficient fertilization method of the moderate resistance continuous cropping of above-described embodiment 2, by the field test of 2 years, compared to peasant
(high-quality thick fertile 4 sides are applied on every mu of ground of garlic base fertilizer to traditional fertilization custom, 100kg 15-12-15 composite fertilizers, extend the phase in garlic shoot
Every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing (pure N) 8kg, potassium sulfate (K2O) 8kg, every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing (pure N) 7kg after bolting；Cotton after garlic harvest
First time top dressing at the end of May, using Common compound fertilizer 16-14-16 50kg/ mus, in bell phase Nitrogen Top Dressing (pure N) 15kg, anniversary
Fertilizer application frequency adds up to 5 times, and other production links are identical), the garlic list annual volume increase 72.5kg/ mus of output, cotton (presses skin
Cotton meter) averagely increase production 6.1kg/ mus；Compared with local farmers habits fertilization, the chemical fertilizer nutrient anniversary reduces 19.4kg/ mus, nitrogen
Fertile utilization rate improves 7.5 percentage points, while significantly reduces the nitrate nitrogen content of soil 90-120cm soil layers, soil nitrate-N
Leaching loss reduces 48.9%.
The present invention of table 2 contrasts with peasant convention fertilising in terms of yield and nutrien utilization and loss
Application examples 3：
By using the Efficient fertilization method of the moderate resistance continuous cropping of above-described embodiment 3, by 2 years field tests, passed compared to peasant
(garlic base fertilizer applies the decomposed cake fertilizer of 80kg to system fertilising custom, and 80kg 15-15-15 composite fertilizers are (pure in early April Nitrogen Top Dressing
N) 7kg, in late April Nitrogen Top Dressing (pure N) 8kg, potassium sulfate (K2O)8kg；Cotton first time top dressing is in May after garlic harvest
Bottom, using Common compound fertilizer 19-10-16 40kg/ mus, in bell phase Nitrogen Top Dressing (pure N) 8kg, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6kg, August just chase after
Fertile cotton caping fertilizer 5kg (pure N), the anniversary fertilizer application frequency add up to 6 times, other production links are identical), nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor improve
32.4%, wilfully force of labor 12.9%, 0-20cm of raising soil organic matter contents raising 4.7%, 0-20cm soil activations are micro- for potash fertilizer
Biological total amount improves 30.1%.
The present invention of table 3 contrasts with peasant convention fertilising in terms of nutrien utilization with edaphon
Claims (9)
1. a kind of garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping, including step are as follows：
（1）After preceding crop harvest, base fertilizer is made with organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer, organic fertilizer and polymeric amino acid fertilizer is equal
Even spread fertilizer over the fields is buried in earth's surface and turning over, fine site preparation bedding, and garlic was sowed to October 10 within 25th in September, after planting pour it is permeable, spray
Herbicide, mulch film is covered afterwards；
（2）April next year, early and middle ten dayses, extended the phase to BOITING STAGE in garlic shoot, imposed nitrogen, potash fertilizer, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer for 6-10 kg/
Mu, in terms of N, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 5-8 kg/mu, with K2O is counted, and is poured water after fertilising；
（3）Cotton pot seedlings are in the ranks transplanted in garlic at the beginning of late April to 5 months, late May harvest garlic, June, early and middle ten dayses applied cotton
Seedling stage fertilizer, is applied, ditching depth 8-12 cm, earthing after fertilising being ditched at the 10-15 cm of cotton side, and the later stage no longer chases after
Fertilizer；Described cotton in seedling stage fertilizer is the fertilizer special for cotton with slow release effect, is sustained 90-120 days phase.
2. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described has
Machine fertilizer selects dried poultrymanure or organic commercial fertilizer, and the amount of application of dried poultrymanure is 150-200 kg/ mus, and the amount of application of organic commercial fertilizer is
100-150 kg/ mus.
3. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterised in that polymerization amino
The amount of application of sour fertilizer is 80-100 kg/ mus, and amount of application is in terms of nutrient, N 10-14 kg/ mus, P2O5 10-14 kg/ mus, K2O
12-16 kg/ mus.
4. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described is poly-
Amino acid fertilizer is closed, parts by weight of raw materials composition is as follows：Nitrogenous fertilizer 12-16 parts, phosphate fertilizer 12-16 parts, potash fertilizer 14-18 parts, NAM additives
0.5-1 parts, zinc fertilizer 0.5-1 parts, iron fertilizer 0.6-0.8 parts, boron fertilizer 0.3-0.5 parts, polyphosphazene polymer glutamic acid 0.006-0.01 parts.
5. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 4, it is characterised in that polyphosphazene polymer
Glutamate molecule amount is in 200,000-200 ten thousand dalton.
6. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）
Irrigation quantity can make soil conservation moisture state according to soil moisture content.
7. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterised in that slow release effect
The amount of application of fertilizer special for cotton be 50-65 kg/mu, amount of application is in terms of nutrient, N 13-15 kg/ mus, P2O5 6-8 kg/
Mu, K2O 8-10 kg/ mus.
8. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterised in that there is sustained release
The fertilizer special for cotton of effect, parts by weight of raw materials composition are as follows：
Nitrogenous fertilizer 22-26 parts,
Phosphate fertilizer 10-14 parts,
Potash fertilizer 12-16 parts,
NAM additive 0.6-1 parts.
9. the garlic cotton crop rotation Efficient fertilization method of anti-continuous cropping according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described nitrogen
Fertilizer is urea or ammonium hydrogen carbonate, or the combination of one of urea and ammonium sulfate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), MAP, described phosphate fertilizer
For one of them in Diammonium phosphate (DAP), MAP, calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate or two or more any combination, described potassium
Fertilizer is potassium sulfate；The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate；The iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate；The boron fertilizer is borax.
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| CN108617437A (en) * | 2018-06-02 | 2018-10-09 | 界首市家丰家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods promoting Siraitia grosvenorii transplanting survival rate |
| CN110710432A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-01-21 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Simple cultivation method for cotton and garlic with double cropping in one year |
| CN111892448A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Garlic fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN114246044B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-03-28 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | Simplified fertilizing method for cotton and grass double cropping in coastal saline-alkali land |
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| 大蒜无公害栽培技术;王自安;《农业开发与装备》;20160930(第9期);全文 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20191216 Address after: Industrial Road Licheng District, Ji'nan city of Shandong Province, No. 202 250100 Co-patentee after: Shandong Sanfang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Address before: 250100 No. 202 industrial North Road, Shandong, Ji'nan Patentee before: Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment |