CN105924250A - Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and preparing method of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and preparing method of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a high pH value and a preparing method of the nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer is powdery fertilizer with the pH value larger than 9.0 and is prepared from a nitrogen fertilizer raw material, a phosphate fertilizer raw material, a potassium raw material and medium trace elements. Three formulas are determined respectively according to the nutrient characteristics of different growth stages of crops and are suitable for a crop vegetative mass growth stage, a vegetative mass and reproductive body co-growth stage and a reproductive body growth stage, wherein for the crop vegetative mass growth stage, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphate to potassium is (1.2-2.5):(0.5-1):(0.5-1); for the vegetative mass and reproductive body co-growth stage, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphate to potassium is (0.6-1):(0.3-1):(1-2); for the reproductive body growth stage, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphate to potassium is (0.6-1):(0.3-1):(1.2-3). The compound fertilizer can gradually relieve the acidity of soil in the long-term fertilizing process, the pH value of soil tends to be neutral, growth of the reproductive body of bananas is promoted, and the yield and economic benefits of bananas are increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers.More particularly, to the NPK compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof being a kind of high ph-values (alkaline).
Background technology
Fructus Musae is one of fruit of tropical and subtropical zone area extensively plantation, the fruit that Ye Shi China South Subtropical Area of China is the most large.Reform and opening-up is over 30 years, and China's banana industry development is swift and violent.China's banana planting area rises to 31.11 ten thousand hectares in 2008 from 1.46 ten thousand hectares of 1978.Fructus Musae total output has increased to 1039.81 ten thousand tons in 2011 from the 3300000 of nineteen ninety-five tons.Banana industry has become one of pillar industry of China's South Subtropical Area of China agricultural, and the ups and downs of banana industry have had influence on the local development of rural economy, social stability and the living standard of peasant.
Although eighties of last century 70,80, at the beginning of the nineties and 21 century since, China's each epoch Fructus Musae cultivation gross area increases along with the passage in age, it is respectively 0.46,5.76,16.3 and 29.6 ten thousand hectares, the growth but each epoch Fructus Musae cultivated area tapers off, rate of increase is 11.52,1.83 and 0.82 respectively, particularly since the nineties in last century, China's Fructus Musae cultivated area presents growth of significantly successively decreasing.China's banana production is also declining in recent years, drops to 9,080,000 tons in 2014 from 1039.81 ten thousand tons of 2011.Its main cause is the harm that banana industry receives banana blight.Banana blight is the droop the most serious to Banana Growth harm, i.e. No. 4 biological strain diseases of Panama.Due to the appearance of banana blight with spread so that banana planting industry gradually declines and atrophy, the banana industry causing China's Fructus Musae traditional cultivation ground is endangered.According to incompletely statistics, the main Fructus Musae producing region droop harm on the ground such as Guangdong and Hainan is the most serious.From the nineties in last century so far, between short 20 years, Banana In Guangdong Province of China droop is from sporadicly developing into the current morbidity gross area alreadys more than 6.67 ten thousand hectares；The banana garden that Hainan 5～70,000 hectares of banana gardens have more than 80 % has occurred and that droop.Compared with 2010, the Fructus Musae cultivated area in Hainan in 2013 is decreased by almost more than 50%, according to the statistics made by the departments concerned the cultivated area of 2015 less nearly 60%.Owing to banana blight is not controlled effectively, the planting Fructus Musae producing region such as current Yunnan and Guangxi also begins to large area burst banana blight.
The pathogenicity of Pathogen Causing Banana Fusarium Wilt, i.e. No. 4 microspecies of Fusarium oxysporum is strong, the time-to-live is long, the most serious to Fructus Musae harm.The condition of suitable banana blight i.e. Fusarium oxysporum outbreak is: pH value 5.0～6.0, temperature 26～30 DEG C.At soil, in acid (pH < 6) and Banana soil fertility is low, the viscous weight of quality, topsoil harden, as easy as rolling off a log morbidity under conditions of impeded drainage, poor permeability.Research has shown that the arable land acidifying of China's banana garden is the main cause that banana blight spreads rapidly and breaks out.The time of banana blight outburst, banana blight belonged to the Mycophyta soil-borne disease infecting banana vascular bundles typically when Fructus Musae will take out flower bud, the most effectively prevents and treats the chemical agent of banana blight, is therefore difficult to radical cure.The most once breaking out banana blight, Fructus Musae almost has no harvest.
And one of reason of China's arable soil acidifying is that Jin30Nian Lai China uses chemical fertilizer the most in a large number, particularly nitrogenous fertilizer.Other country of China and the world is the same, the nitrogenous fertilizer in chemical fertilizer based on carbamide and ammonium fertilizer, their physiological acidic fertilizer exactly；What in chemical fertilizer, another kind of amount of application was big is Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, and it is fertile that Chemical Mixed Fertilizer is generally physics acidity, and especially the sour method method technique of China and the fertilizer of compound technique are highly acid.Can cause after soil acidification that soil nutrient is unbalance, effect of fertilizer activation, diversity of soil microorganism is unbalance, soil productivity declines.Even use the improper enrichment that also can cause certain class soil microorganism of chemical fertilizer and another kind of microorganism minimizing is lost, i.e. diversity of soil microorganism is unbalance or destroys.After soil acidification, Banana soil microfungus will be main microbial population, banana blight, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum spore will sprout substantially banana blight outburst.So, how solving the soil acidification that Term Fertilization is improper and other reasons causes is to solve China's banana industry development at present to face the fundamental way of droop serious threat.
Banana blight prevention and control measure has summed up following several at present: the measures such as the disease-resistant Seedling of selection-breeding, chemistry prevention and control, Biological control, soil conditioner, field Comprehensive Cultural.But these methods or be difficult to take effect so far, or sending out of simply curing the symptoms, not the disease, still not have directly to cause soil acidification and aggravate the source of banana blight and seek from solving fertilizer.Such as, the disease-resistant seedling of selection-breeding, have been put into substantial amounts of fund and time at present, although on document, report has a multiple disease-resistant Fructus Musae seedling, but there is no stable yield, quality so far and the disease-resistant seedling section that Brazilian Banana section matches in excellence or beauty, kind is not degenerated the most really replaces Brazilian Banana.Chemistry prevention and control utilize various chemicals to prevent and treat exactly, but banana blight is banana vascular bundles pathological changes, and when Fructus Musae has considerable symptom, vascular bundle has been killed, and chemistry prevention and control are the most invalid.Biological control refers generally to microorganism formulation, and its effect is identical with chemistry prevention and control, and when Fructus Musae has considerable symptom, biological prevention and control are the most invalid.Chemistry prevention and control and Biological control can only be in conjunction with the Synthetical prevention of current popular, with regard to life-time service after Fructus Musae is transplanted, ensure that Banana Growth is healthy, reach healthy disease-resistant purpose.Soil conditioner is usually and uses the alkaline matter such as Calx, uses Calx section improvement soil aciditiy for the moment, but effect can not be lasting, and can not chronic administration Calx, otherwise can cause soil compaction.In production, also someone uses other Alkaline minerals or trade waste, but nobody knows therefore can bring what and how many pollutant into soil？How affect health again？Synthetical prevention is actually during the seedling of Fructus Musae to receipts cultivation, takes the various agricultural measures being conducive to Banana Growth, ensures Fructus Musae healthy growth.Remain that to make the environment of Banana Growth obtain lid kind in essence, especially with substantial amounts of fertilizer, increase the quantity of soil microorganism with this and recover the multiformity of soil microorganism.
But, hardly realize that soil microorganism, under the conditions of the Nature state, i.e. neutral soil, is equilibrium or balance.The fact that the most convincing it is, the most undeveloped in 30 Nian Qian China, peasant is to use farmyard manure, i.e. farm manure, the high-quality fertilizer that namely we say is main, soil pH value may remain in naturalness that kind, and the acid ground pH value of south China is the most just about 6.5 at that time, minimum Fujian and Lezhou Peninsula laterite only about 6.But, current south China mostly soil pH is 5～5.5, and some areas are lower.Therefore diversity of soil microorganism destroys, a barrage of harm agricultural production of the series of problems such as soil-borne disease, continuous cropping obstacle.Meanwhile, in order to meet demand and the solution Food Security that population increases, soil acidification is already led to application fertilizer two high yield.And current, chemical fertilizer remains the requisite measure of high crop yield.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome drawbacks described above of the prior art and technical deficiency, NPK compound fertilizer that a kind of pH value is high and preparation method thereof is provided, that a class can improve soil acidity and preventing and controlling banana fusarium wilt, can meet again Banana Growth grow the nutrients such as required N P and K high ph-values (alkaline) solid complex fertilizer and preparation and application technology.High ph-values (alkaline) the solid complex fertilizer using this technology to prepare can replace common fertilizer to supply Banana Growth desired nutritional material, and can gradually improve soil acidity in long-term fertilising process, soil pH value is made to tend to neutral, thus the purpose reaching to recover diversity of soil microorganism and realizing preventing and treating banana blight.This fertilizer can ensure not reduce and apply fertilizer and the underproduction, also will not cause environmental pollution and food-safety problem because of material not clear in modifying agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the NPK compound fertilizer of a kind of high ph-values.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention provides the NPK compound fertilizer preparation method of a kind of high ph-values, and comprise the required nitrogen of growth and development of plants, phosphorus, potassium three elements, fertilizer pH value is up to more than 9.0, and N P and K proportioning is suitable for plant growth early stage i.e. Vegetative growth phase, growth three serial azophoska compound fertilizer formulas such as mid-term i.e. trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, Later growth i.e. gonophore trophophase.Described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer be with in the basic conditions without nitrogen volatilization loss, phosphate free retrograde reaction, without potassium ion thus determine reaction, become the raw material of fixed reaction without trace element, solid Chemical Mixed Fertilizer prepared under certain preparation method.Described series formula refers to be suitable to crops seedling stage growing point height nitrogen proportioning Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the N P and K balanced type Chemical Mixed Fertilizer being suitable to growth in mid-term, is suitable to late growing stage point height potassium Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.Described preparation method refers to dry powder blend method.The form of product is powder.
Specifically, the NPK compound fertilizer of described high ph-values, it to be made up of nitrogenous fertilizer raw material, phosphate fertilizer raw material, potash fertilizer raw material and middle trace element, product is powdery, and the pH value of fertilizer is more than 9.0；And according to the nutritive peculiarity of crop different growing stage, determine three kinds of fertilizer formulas of the crop alimentary bulk-growth phase that is suitable to, trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, gonophore trophophase respectively: (1) crop alimentary bulk-growth phase: N P and K proportioning is 1.2～2.5:0.5～1.0:0.5～1.0；(2) crop alimentary body and the gonophore syntrophism phase: N P and K proportioning is 0.6～1.0:0.3～1.0:1.0～2.0；(3) crop gonophore trophophase: N P and K proportioning is 0.6～1.0:0.3～1.0:1.2～3.0.
Wherein it is preferred to, described pH value is 9.0～14.
Preferably, described crop is Fructus Musae, described in be suitable to Vegetative growth phase, trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, three kinds of fertilizer formulas of gonophore trophophase are: (1) Fructus Musae Vegetative growth phase i.e. Fructus Musae seedling stage: N P and K proportioning is 22:8:15；(2) Fructus Musae big seedling stage is to the trophosome before taking out flower bud and gonophore syntrophism phase: N P and K proportioning is 15:5:25；(3) the Fructus Musae gonophore trophophase perfume (or spice) i.e. any of several broadleaf plants fruit development phase: N P and K proportioning is 15:5:30.
It addition, above-mentioned fertilizer is not only applicable to Fructus Musae, apply also for Vegetative growth phase, leaf vegetables and the gramineous crop of other fruit trees.
Furthermore it is preferred that in the raw material of the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values, described nitrogenous fertilizer raw material is: one or more in the ureaformaldehyde of nitrogen content 36%, the ureaformaldehyde of nitrogen content 40%, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate or carbamide；
Described phosphate fertilizer raw material is: one or more in double superhosphate, double superphosphate, APP, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate,monobasic, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, potassium magnesium phosphate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, methyl orthophosphoric acid, etherophosphoric acid or phenyl phosphate；
Described potash fertilizer raw material is: one or more in potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, neutral potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer, kiln ash potassium or plant ash；
Described middle trace element includes moderate-element magnesium, micronutrient boron and trace element zinc.
It is highly preferred that the raw material of described moderate-element magnesium is: magnesite (being mainly composed of magnesium carbonate), magnesium sulfate 7H2One or more in O, magnesium chloride, potassic-magnesian fertilizer, magnesium potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, thomas phosphate, dolomite or silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer；
Preferably, the raw material of described micronutrient boron is: one or both combinations in Borax or boric acid；
Preferably, the raw material of described trace element zinc is: one or more in zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, basic zinc carbonate, zinc vitreous body, lignin zinc carbonate, zinc naphthenate Emulsion or chelated zinc.
Preferably, in above-mentioned complex fertilizer, npk fertilizer in Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion all 1%～80%, middle trace element in Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion 0.5%～6%.
Additionally, as preferably can embodiment, in the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values, different nitrogenous fertilizer raw materials mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: the ureaformaldehyde 1 of nitrogen content 36%～60%, the ureaformaldehyde of nitrogen content 40% 1～60%, potassium nitrate 1～50%, calcium nitrate 1～20%, sodium nitrate 0～20%, carbamide 0～15%；Proportioning with specific reference to N P and K is adjusted；
Preferably, different phosphate fertilizer raw materials mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: double superhosphate 1～20, double superphosphate 1～40%, APP 1～10%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0～5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0～5%, potassium phosphate,monobasic 0～5%, potassium magnesium phosphate 0～5%, methyl orthophosphoric acid 0～5%, etherophosphoric acid 0～5%, phenyl phosphate 0～5%；Proportioning with specific reference to N P and K is adjusted；
Preferably, different potash fertilizer raw materials mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: potassium nitrate 1～50, potassium hydroxide 1～15%, potassium carbonate 1～25%, potassium bicarbonate 1～15%, neutral potassium chloride 0～20%, potassium sulfate 0～20%, silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer 0～20%, kiln ash potassium 0～20%, plant ash 0～20%；Proportioning with specific reference to N P and K is adjusted.
It is highly preferred that in the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values, the raw material of different moderate-element magnesium mass fraction in complex fertilizer be respectively as follows: magnesite 0.5～20%, magnesium sulfate 7H2O 0.5～20%, magnesium chloride 0.5～20%, potassic-magnesian fertilizer 0.5～20%, magnesium potassium sulfate 0.5～20%, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5～20%, thomas phosphate 0.5～20%, dolomite 0.5～20%, silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer 0.5～20%；
Preferably, the raw material of different micronutrient borons mass fraction in complex fertilizer be respectively as follows: Borax 0.01～6%, boric acid 0.01～6%；
Preferably, the raw material of different trace element zincs mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: zinc sulfate 0.01～5%, zinc chloride 0.01～5%, zinc oxide 0.01～5%, zinc sulfide 0.01～5%, zinc phosphate 0.01～5%, basic zinc carbonate 0.01～5%, zinc vitreous body 0.01～5%, lignin zinc carbonate 0.01～5%, zinc naphthenate Emulsion 0.01～5%, chelated zinc 0.01～5%.
Additionally, the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values is prepared by following methods: weigh required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and secondary and micro-element fertilizers raw material according to formula proportion, pulverize on chain type disintegrating machine after mix homogeneously, cross 0.3～1.0mm sieve, obtain high ph-values powdery complex fertilizer product.
Preferably, 0.5mm sieve is crossed after described pulverizing.
It addition, as a kind of further preferred embodiment, the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values is as follows for the mass fraction formula of three kinds of trophophases of crop:
(1) NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values of crop alimentary bulk-growth phase: ureaformaldehyde 1～60%, potassium nitrate 1～50%, calcium nitrate 1～20%, double superhosphate 1～20%, APP 1～10%, potassium hydroxide 1～15%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 0.5～20%, Borax 0.01～6%, zinc sulfate 0.01～5%；And N P and K proportioning is 1.2～2.5:0.5～1.0:0.5～1.0(is preferably N P and K proportioning 22:8:15).
(2) NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values of crop alimentary body and gonophore syntrophism phase: ureaformaldehyde 1～60%%, potassium nitrate 1～50%, calcium nitrate 1～20%, carbamide 1～15%, double superhosphate 1～20%, potassium hydroxide 1～15%, plant ash 1～20%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 0.5～20%, Borax 0.01～6%, zinc sulfate 0.01～5%；And N P and K proportioning is 0.6～1.0:0.3～1.0:1.0～2.0(is preferably N P and K proportioning 15:5:25).
(3) NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values of crop gonophore trophophase: ureaformaldehyde 1～60%, potassium nitrate 1～51%, calcium nitrate 1～20%, carbamide 1～15%, double superhosphate 1～20%, potassium hydroxide 1～15%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 0.5～20%, Borax 0.01～6%, zinc sulfate 0.01～5%；And N P and K proportioning is 0.6～1.0:0.3～1.0:1.2～3.0(is preferably N P and K proportioning 15:5:30).
Most preferably, the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values is as follows for the mass fraction formula of three kinds of trophophases of crop:
(1) NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values of crop alimentary bulk-growth phase: ureaformaldehyde 53.00%, potassium nitrate 14.00%, calcium nitrate 5.00%, double superhosphate 6.00%, APP 7.00%, potassium hydroxide 10.00%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 4.00%, Borax 0.75%, zinc sulfate 0.25%.
(2) NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values of crop alimentary body and gonophore syntrophism phase: ureaformaldehyde 11.00%, potassium nitrate 43.00%, calcium nitrate 13.00%, carbamide 7.00%, double superhosphate 10.00%, potassium hydroxide 6.00%, plant ash 5.00%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 4.00%, Borax 0.75%, zinc sulfate 0.25%.
(3) NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values of crop gonophore trophophase: ureaformaldehyde 7.00%, potassium nitrate 51.00%, calcium nitrate 13.00%, carbamide 7.00%, double superhosphate 10.00%, potassium hydroxide 7.00%, magnesite (magnesium carbonate) 4.00%, Borax 0.75%, zinc sulfate 0.25%.
As enforceable preferred version, embodiment of the present invention part gives specific example:
A kind of NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values, the pH value being made up of nitrogenous fertilizer raw material, phosphate fertilizer raw material, potash fertilizer raw material and the middle trace element fertilizer more than 9.0；Specifically include the crop alimentary bulk-growth phase that is suitable to, trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, three kinds of fertilizer formulas of gonophore trophophase that the nutritive peculiarity according to crop different growing stage determines respectively:
(1) Fructus Musae Vegetative growth phase i.e. Fructus Musae seedling stage: N P and K proportioning is 22:8:15；Concrete fertilizer components and proportioning thereof are as follows: ureaformaldehyde 53 parts, potassium nitrate 14 parts, calcium nitrate 5 parts, double superhosphate 6 parts, APP 7 parts, potassium hydroxide 10 parts, 4 parts of magnesite (magnesium carbonate), Borax 0.75 part, 0.25 part of zinc sulfate；
(2) Fructus Musae big seedling stage is to the trophosome before taking out flower bud and gonophore syntrophism phase: N P and K proportioning is 15:5:25；Concrete fertilizer components and proportioning thereof are as follows: ureaformaldehyde 11 parts, nitric acid K43 part, calcium nitrate 13 parts, 7 parts of carbamide, double superhosphate 10 parts, potassium hydroxide 6 parts, plant ash 5 parts, 4 parts of magnesite (magnesium carbonate), Borax 0.75 part, 0.25 part of zinc sulfate；
(3) the Fructus Musae gonophore trophophase perfume (or spice) i.e. any of several broadleaf plants fruit development phase: N P and K proportioning is 15:5:30；Concrete fertilizer components and proportioning thereof are as follows: ureaformaldehyde 7 parts, potassium nitrate 51 parts, calcium nitrate 13 parts, 7 parts of carbamide, double superhosphate 10 parts, potassium hydroxide 7 parts, 4 parts of magnesite (magnesium carbonate), Borax 0.75 part, 0.25 part of zinc sulfate.
It addition, it is highly preferred that the preparation method of the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values is: first by the raw material mix homogeneously in addition to carbamide, zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, mix with carbamide, zinc fertilizer the most successively, last and phosphate fertilizer mixes, and pulverizes and sieves the most in dry environments, metering packing；Crushing process avoids humid air to contact with material.
It addition, the NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values that said method prepares, and the application that the NPK compound fertilizer of above-mentioned high ph-values is in terms of Fructus Musae field soil remediation and/or Fructus Musae cultivation, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Specifically, the NPK compound fertilizer of described high ph-values can gradually improve soil acidity during long-term fertilising, makes soil pH value tend to neutral, thus the purpose reaching to recover diversity of soil microorganism and realizing preventing and treating banana blight.This fertilizer can ensure not reduce and apply fertilizer and the underproduction, also will not cause environmental pollution and food-safety problem because of material not clear in modifying agent.
The present invention is through substantial amounts of research and exploration, specific aim solves the acid problem of the soil such as banana garden, the concept of the initiative alkaline fertilizer proposing high ph-values, it is therefore an objective to provide a kind of fertilizer that can improve soil acidity problem, the more important thing is, this fertilizer must also meet the growth demand of crop.Our be contemplated to be not only obtains a kind of fertilizer improving soil acidity problem, and this fertilizer disclosure satisfy that the character of plant growth demand can not be poor simultaneously, even more preferable than common fertilizer.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has considered the coordinative role of various nutrients in the nutritional characteristic of plant (the especially crop such as Fructus Musae) and fertilizer, the factors such as chemical reaction and nutrient effect, with at a high ph without nitrogen volatiling reaction, phosphate free degeneration, the nitrogen of reaction is fixed without potassium ion, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc fertilizer is raw material, according to the crop alimentary bulk-growth phase, trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, the nutritional characteristic design high nitrogen type of gonophore trophophase, middle nitrogen height potassium type, three N P and K proportionings of high potassium type, certain batch mixing order is used to blend N P and K and middle trace element respectively, then the powdery complex fertilizer preparing pH value more than 9 is pulverized and sieved.
Formula obtained by the present invention breaches a difficult problem for conventional complex fertilizer nitrogen volatilization loss at a high ph, achieve the most progressive at the aspect manufacturing high ph-values fertilizer, and the high ph-values complex fertilizer prepared is under high ph-values (alkalescence condition), and nitrogen will not produce volatilization, phosphorus will not precipitate, potassium will not be fixed, without nitrogen volatilization loss, degradation failure without phosphate fertilizer, it is important that gradually improve soil acidity during long-term fertilising, make soil pH value tend to neutral, promote Fructus Musae Vegetative growth, improve banana production and economic benefit.
The method have the advantages that
The npk fertilizer that the present invention will not produce volatilization with nitrogen in the basic conditions, phosphorus will not precipitate, potassium will not be fixed, as raw material, according to the feature of plant nutrient, is prepared for being respectively adapted to the serial Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of plant (especially Fructus Musae) three vegetative phases.The complex fertilizer of the present invention is particularly suited for acid ground, is high ph-values (alkaline) complex fertilizer separately designed according to three trophophases of crop
Peasant can also be that soil is the most neutral with the alkalescence of fertilizer self gradually sweetening of the soil acidity while applying fertilizer, reaches to improve the purpose of soil acidity.
The technology of the present invention can ensure prepares NPK compound fertilizer with basic materials, and technique is simple, and fertilizer performance is stable.
Another feature of the present invention is, the ureaformaldehyde of one of nitrogen raw material is slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer making the present invention has long-acting function, the fertilizer i.e. using the present invention can not only supply N P and K, improvement soil ph, and fertilizer nitrogen has long-acting slow-release performance, it is possible to achieve a base exempts to chase after or light letter fertilising.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology flow chart of the NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the high ph-values complex fertilizer of the present invention impact on soil pH value.
Fig. 3 is each process impact on Fructus Musae plant height.
Fig. 4 is each process impact on Fructus Musae maximum leaf area.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited in any form by embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention uses reagent, method and apparatus are the art conventional reagent, method and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, following example agents useful for same and material are commercial.
Embodiment
1
High
pH
The NPK compound fertilizer (Vegetative growth phase complex fertilizer) of value (alkaline)
1, formula
The NPK compound fertilizer of a kind of high ph-values (alkaline) being applicable to the Fructus Musae Vegetative growth phase, according to Fructus Musae nutritional characteristic, the N P and K proportioning of Fructus Musae Vegetative growth phase is 22:8:15, and the concrete formula of this fertilizer is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
This formula, in addition to being applicable to Fructus Musae, is also suitably for Vegetative growth phase, leaf vegetables and the gramineous crop of other fruit trees.
2, preparation method
First metering after potassium hydroxide mix with ureaformaldehyde, magnesium carbonate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, Borax, mix with zinc sulfate the most again, finally mix homogeneously with double superhosphate and APP, then hothouse pulverize and sieve product.Analysis mode (the N-P of this product2O5-K2O) it is 22-8-15, the pH value of fertilizer > 9.
Embodiment
2
High
pH
The NPK compound fertilizer (trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase complex fertilizer) of value (alkaline)
1, formula
A kind of NPK compound fertilizer of the high ph-values (alkaline) being applicable to Fructus Musae trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, according to Fructus Musae nutritional characteristic, the N P and K proportioning being suitable to Fructus Musae trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase is 15:5:25, and the concrete formula of this fertilizer is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
This formula, in addition to being applicable to Fructus Musae, is also suitably for trophosome and the gonophore syntrophism phase of other fruit trees.
2, preparation method
First metering after potassium hydroxide mix with ureaformaldehyde, magnesium carbonate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, Borax, plant ash, mix with carbamide the most again, finally mix homogeneously with double superhosphate and zinc sulfate, then hothouse pulverize and sieve product.Analysis mode (the N-P of this product2O5-K2O) it is 15-5-25, the pH value of fertilizer > 9.
Embodiment
3
High
pH
The NPK compound fertilizer (gonophore trophophase complex fertilizer) of value (alkaline)
1, formula
The NPK compound fertilizer of a kind of high ph-values (alkaline) being applicable to Fructus Musae gonophore trophophase, according to Fructus Musae nutritional characteristic, the N P and K proportioning being suitable to Fructus Musae gonophore trophophase is 15:5:30, and the concrete formula of this fertilizer is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
This formula, in addition to being applicable to Fructus Musae, is also suitably for the gonophore trophophase of other fruit trees.
2, preparation method
First metering after potassium hydroxide mix with ureaformaldehyde, magnesium carbonate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, Borax, mix with carbamide the most again, finally mix homogeneously with double superhosphate and zinc sulfate, then hothouse pulverize and sieve product.Analysis mode (the N-P of this product2O5-K2O) it is 15-5-30, the pH value of fertilizer > 9.
Embodiment
4
High
pH
The land for growing field crops applied research of the NPK compound fertilizer of value (alkaline)
1, for examination fertilizer
(1) experimental group
The present invention Fructus Musae series special height pH(alkalescence) complex fertilizer be according to above-described embodiment 1,2,3 preparation complex fertilizer, it is designated as respectively: high-N compound fertilizer (22:8:15, be denoted as AF1), middle nitrogen height potassium Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (15:5:25, be denoted as AF2), high potassium Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (15:5:30 is denoted as AF3).
(2) matched group
Common fertilizer (comparison, CK): by carbamide (containing N, 46.0%), Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (containing P2O5, 44.0%), potassium chloride is (containing K2O, 60.0%), be configured to N P and K 22:8:15(respectively and be denoted as CK1), 15:5:25(be denoted as CK2), 15:5:30(be denoted as CK3) the conventional complex fertilizer of three proportionings.
2, for examination banana variety
Brazil any of several broadleaf plants (Musa AAA Giant
Cavendish cv. Baxi), to transplant behind land for growing field crops, within 3 months, enter flower bud differentiation period, the flower bud phase is taken out in entrances in the 7th month, the 8th month entrance Fructus Musae young fruit period, and fruit gradually expands subsequently, and the 9th～within 10 months, be the fruit maturation phase.Every mu of plantation 180 strains.
3, test site
Experimental field it is positioned at Hainan Province Le Dongxian ten thousand clock Industrial Co., Ltd. banana garden.The said firm's more than ten years plant Fructus Musae continuously, cause soil acidification, and soil is sandy loam quality, and soil pH is 6.03, and banana blight morbidity is serious.Experimental plot is arranged in the location, lesion of any of several broadleaf plants garden droop sickness rate average out to 62%.
4, test processes
Test arranges alkaline Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (AF) and common fertilizer (comparison, CK) contrast test, totally two process of the present invention.Each process sets three repetitions, Ji Sange community, 1 mu, each community, test totally 6 mu of ground.
Specific design is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 land for growing field crops Fructus Musae high ph-values EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Note: the 1st time dressing time turns over microcephaly's phase at Fructus Musae, i.e. Fructus Musae are transplanted behind land for growing field crops about 40 days；2nd time dressing time turns over the major part phase at Fructus Musae, i.e. Fructus Musae is transplanted behind land for growing field crops about 100 days；3rd time dressing time is attacked the flower bud phase at Fructus Musae, i.e. Fructus Musae is transplanted behind land for growing field crops about 160 days；The 4th dressing time is at Fructus Musae young fruit period, i.e. Fructus Musae is transplanted behind land for growing field crops about 220 days.
5, fertilizing method
(1) base manure.Field planting whole banana garden the previous day is sprayed water, and keeps banana garden ground moistening.The soil that base manure and planting pit dig out is sufficiently mixed, then backfills planting pit.After field planting, root water is determined in pouring in time.
(2) topdress.Topdress with the 2nd time for 1st time and apply fertilizer with plough trench digging (twice direction is vertical), manually repair ridging water spray in ridge after fertilising, when water-retaining quantity among field of soil is less than 70%, should spray water in time.3rd time and the 4th use the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields to apply fertilizer, and fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly on the annular ground that distance banana caulo 20～40cm is remote, the most at dusk, or apply fertilizer after pouring water, need not cover by soil, applied fertilizer latter second day and watered.
6, the calculating of banana production, the output value and economic benefit
(1) banana production=single plant yield × process total strain number × economic yield rate.
Wherein, each meansigma methods processing the individual plant that can gather in the crops Fructus Musae in single plant yield is whole harvest time；Economic yield rate is to have the banana plant gathered in the crops quantity/Fructus Musae total strain number of commodity value.
(2) calculating of the Fructus Musae output value: every time gather in the crops the accumulation output value of each process Fructus Musae output value in whole harvest time.
The output value=∑ (actual production of results × corresponding unit price every time).
(3) economic benefit=gross output value-always put into.
7, result and analysis
(1) high ph-values complex fertilizer impact on Banana soil pH value in the Banana Growth phase
As shown in Figure 2, after topdressing the 15th day every time, in the range of 30cm outer to banana caulo, the pH value measurement result of top layer 15cm soil shows, from the beginning of topdressing for the first time, high ph-values complex fertilizer (AF) processes the pH value of soil and is significantly higher than the pH value that CK processes, and soil pH value presents the trend gradually risen along with increasing of AF fertilizer application frequency, and the soil pH of CK soil fertility quality is in reducing trend.On average, the soil pH value that in whole fertilizer application period, AF processes improves 1.16 units (Fig. 2) than what CK processed.Illustrate that AF fertilizer improvement soil acidity effect is notable.
(2) the high ph-values fertilizer impact on Banana Growth
Fig. 2 result shows that AF fertilizer can significantly improve soil pH value, then whether Banana Growth is had an impact by soil pH value increase？To this end, until the Fructus Musae pregnant flower bud phase terminates after transplanting land for growing field crops, each community periodically pinpoints plant height and the maximum blade area of investigation 5 strain Fructus Musaes.
Result of study shows, within Fructus Musae is transplanted latter 134 days, high ph-values complex fertilizer and common fertilizer process the plant height of Fructus Musae does not has notable difference, but after transplanting 134 days, two process and start difference occur, and obvious difference increases, finally when land for growing field crops 202 days transplanted by Fructus Musae, high ph-values complex fertilizer (AF) processes the plant height of Fructus Musae and is significantly higher than what CK processed, increases 8%(Fig. 3 than CK Fructus Musae).
Result of study also shows (Fig. 4), and Fructus Musae is transplanted to transplant in latter 172 days, and the two Leaf of banana areas processed do not have notable difference, but the maximum leaf area obvious difference after transplanting 172 days between two process increases.When latter 202 days of transplanting, high ph-values complex fertilizer (AF) processed the blade area of Fructus Musae and is noticeably greater than what CK processed, increased 17% than CK Fructus Musae.
Thus can affirm, use high ph-values complex fertilizer (AF) improvement soil acidity while, not only do not interfere with the growth of Fructus Musae, also help the growth of banana stem leaves on the contrary in the later stage, laid excellent basis for Fructus Musae high yield.
(3) high ph-values fertilizer is on banana production and the impact of economic benefit
Result of study is it is also shown that high ph-values fertilizer is not merely conducive to the growth promoter of Fructus Musae nutrition organs, and can substantially increase hoodle yield and unit are total output (table 5).Table 5 result shows, the Fructus Musae individual plant volume increase 18% that high ph-values soil fertility quality processes than common fertilizer, unit are volume increase up to 80%.
Table 5 high ph-values fertilizer is on banana production and the impact of economic benefit
(4) although it addition, result of study is it is also shown that the unit are of high ph-values fertilizer puts into more than common fertilizer, but owing to the rate of growth of high ph-values soil fertility quality unit are is up to 80%, so the profit that its profit processes much larger than common fertilizer.The Fructus Musae of high ph-values fertilizer (AF) more conventional soil fertility quality increases income up to 292%(table 6).
The impact on Fructus Musae economic benefit of the table 6 high ph-values complex fertilizer
Note: Fructus Musae go out garden price according to average 3.00 yuan/kg；Profit=the output value-fertilizer cost-other puts into, other put into mainly include Fructus Musae seedling, Radix Saposhnikoviae pole, conventional pesticide, fertilizer, irrigation, whole, bagging, land rent, mulch film, labor management gather etc. expense always and about 48838 yuan/ha.
Thus can affirm, high ph-values fertilizer is that improvement Banana soil is acid, promotes Fructus Musae Vegetative growth, increases banana production and increase the good fertilizer of Fructus Musae economic benefit.
Claims (10)
1. the NPK compound fertilizer of a high ph-values, it is characterised in that the pH value being made up of nitrogenous fertilizer raw material, phosphate fertilizer raw material, potash fertilizer raw material and the middle trace element fertilizer more than 9.0；Including the crop alimentary bulk-growth phase that is suitable to determined respectively according to the nutritive peculiarity of crop different growing stage, trophosome and gonophore syntrophism phase, three kinds of fertilizer formulas of gonophore trophophase: (1) crop alimentary bulk-growth phase: N P and K proportioning is 1.2～2.5:0.5～1.0:0.5～1.0；(2) crop alimentary body and the gonophore syntrophism phase: N P and K proportioning is 0.6～1.0:0.3～1.0:1.0～2.0；(3) crop gonophore trophophase: N P and K proportioning is 0.6～1.0:0.3～1.0:1.2～3.0.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described crop is Fructus Musae, described in be suitable to the Vegetative growth phase, trophosome with three kinds of fertilizer formulas of gonophore syntrophism phase, gonophore trophophase is: (1) Fructus Musae Vegetative growth phase: N P and K proportioning is 22:8:15；(2) Fructus Musae trophosome and the gonophore syntrophism phase: N P and K proportioning is 15:5:25；(3) Fructus Musae gonophore trophophase is fragrant: N P and K proportioning is 15:5:30.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pH value is 9.0～14.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described nitrogenous fertilizer raw material is: one or more in the ureaformaldehyde of nitrogen content 36%, the ureaformaldehyde of nitrogen content 40%, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate or carbamide；
Described phosphate fertilizer raw material is: one or more in double superhosphate, double superphosphate, APP, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate,monobasic, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, potassium magnesium phosphate, methyl orthophosphoric acid, etherophosphoric acid or phenyl phosphate；
Described potash fertilizer raw material is: one or more in potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, neutral potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer, kiln ash potassium or plant ash；
Described middle trace element includes moderate-element magnesium, micronutrient boron and trace element zinc.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the raw material of described moderate-element magnesium is: magnesite, magnesium sulfate 7H2One or more in O, magnesium chloride, potassic-magnesian fertilizer, magnesium potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, thomas phosphate, dolomite or silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer；
The raw material of described micronutrient boron is: one or both combinations in Borax or boric acid；
The raw material of described trace element zinc is: one or more in zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc phosphate, basic zinc carbonate, zinc vitreous body, lignin zinc carbonate, zinc naphthenate Emulsion or chelated zinc.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, different nitrogenous fertilizer raw materials mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: the ureaformaldehyde 1 of nitrogen content 36%～60%, the ureaformaldehyde of nitrogen content 40% 1～60%, potassium nitrate 1～50%, calcium nitrate 1～20%, sodium nitrate 0～20%, carbamide 0～15%；Proportioning with specific reference to N P and K is adjusted；
Different phosphate fertilizer raw materials mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: double superhosphate 1～20, double superphosphate 1～40%, APP 1～10%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0～5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0～5%, potassium phosphate,monobasic 0～5%, potassium magnesium phosphate 0～5%, methyl orthophosphoric acid 0～5%, etherophosphoric acid 0～5%, phenyl phosphate 0～5%；Proportioning with specific reference to N P and K is adjusted；
Different potash fertilizer raw materials mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: potassium nitrate 1～50, potassium hydroxide 1～15%, potassium carbonate 1～25%, potassium bicarbonate 1～15%, neutral potassium chloride 0～20%, potassium sulfate 0～20%, silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer 0～20%, kiln ash potassium 0～20%, plant ash 0～20%；Proportioning with specific reference to N P and K is adjusted.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the raw material of different moderate-element magnesium mass fraction in complex fertilizer be respectively as follows: magnesite 0.5～20%, magnesium sulfate 7H2O
0.5～20%, magnesium chloride 0.5～20%, potassic-magnesian fertilizer 0.5～20%, magnesium potassium sulfate 0.5～20%, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5～20%, thomas phosphate 0.5～20%, dolomite 0.5～20%, silicon-magnesium potash fertilizer 0.5～20%；
The raw material of different micronutrient borons mass fraction in complex fertilizer be respectively as follows: Borax 0.01～6%, boric acid 0.01～6%；
The raw material of different trace element zincs mass fraction in complex fertilizer is respectively as follows: zinc sulfate 0.01～5%, zinc chloride 0.01～5%, zinc oxide 0.01～5%, zinc sulfide 0.01～5%, zinc phosphate 0.01～5%, basic zinc carbonate 0.01～5%, zinc vitreous body 0.01～5%, lignin zinc carbonate 0.01～5%, zinc naphthenate Emulsion 0.01～5%, chelated zinc 0.01～5%.
8. according to the NPK compound fertilizer of the arbitrary described high ph-values of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that, it is prepared by following methods: weigh required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and secondary and micro-element fertilizers raw material according to formula proportion, pulverize after mix homogeneously, cross 0.3～1.0mm sieve, obtain high ph-values powdery complex fertilizer product.
The NPK compound fertilizer of high ph-values the most according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, it is prepared by following methods: first by the raw material mix homogeneously in addition to carbamide, zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, mix with carbamide, zinc fertilizer the most successively, last and phosphate fertilizer mixes, pulverize and sieve the most in dry environments, metering packing；Crushing process avoids humid air to contact with material.
10. the NPK compound fertilizer of the arbitrary described high ph-values of claim 1～7 application in terms of Fructus Musae field soil remediation and/or Fructus Musae cultivation.
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| CN108164288A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-15 | 中北大学 | The ureaformaldehyde Quito nutrient sustained and controlled release chemical fertilizer and preparation method of a kind of extruding pelletization |
| CN110372455A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-10-25 | 海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所 | It is a kind of improve solanaceous vegetables acid soil composite fertilizer and application |
| CN112062641A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-11 | 华南农业大学 | Alkaline compound liquid fertilizer containing lignin-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114009193A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-08 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112062641A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-11 | 华南农业大学 | Alkaline compound liquid fertilizer containing lignin-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114009193A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-08 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer |
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