CN114009193A - Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer - Google Patents
Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009193A CN114009193A CN202111147354.5A CN202111147354A CN114009193A CN 114009193 A CN114009193 A CN 114009193A CN 202111147354 A CN202111147354 A CN 202111147354A CN 114009193 A CN114009193 A CN 114009193A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of fast fertilizer efficiency and large loss amount of conventional fertilizers and slow fertilizer efficiency and small loss of controlled release fertilizers in the current banana production, the invention provides a banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating a coupled controlled release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer. The method utilizes a soil nutrient comprehensive system evaluation method and a nutrient diagnosis and regulation technology, integrates a coupled controlled release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer, develops a fast-slow nutrient efficient regulation and control method based on different banana leaf numbers by applying a certain proportion of controlled release formula fertilizer in the banana water fertilizer integration process, and is divided into 9-20 leaves, 21-30 leaves, 31-37 leaves, 38 leaf nodes and bud pumping, a bud period and a young fruit period of 6 fertilization periods, and 2-4 periods of selectively applying the controlled release formula fertilizer in four periods before the bud period. The banana nutritional agent meets the synchronous nutrition of bananas, and achieves the effects of saving labor, saving fertilizer, improving efficiency, and reducing fertilizer waste and environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating a coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fruit tree planting.
Background
The growth period of bananas is as long as 9-11 months, nutrients need to be supplemented in each growth period, and due to fertilizer deficiency, banana plants grow slowly, the formation of photosynthetic products and the growth of fruits are influenced, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are reduced. At present, the problems of serious water resource waste, excessive fertilizer application, unbalanced nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient proportion, unreasonable fertilizer variety selection, improper fertilizer application mode and the like exist in banana production, so that the banana garden soil environment is deteriorated, the insect disease is serious, the planting area is atrophied, and the like. The water and fertilizer integration technology is generally adopted in banana production, the fertilizer efficiency is fast but the loss is large, and the labor cost is high; the slow-release fertilizer is easy to cause nutrient deficiency due to slow release of nutrients, but can effectively reduce labor.
Patent document CN201210057308.0 discloses a special controlled release fertilizer for banana seedling stage, which is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing resin-coated potassium chloride, resin-coated urea, potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate, and synchronously supplying nutrients according to the nutrient absorption rule of banana seedling stage growth. Although the sustained and controlled release mode is simple, the problem of nutrient deficiency caused by improper regulation and control of the release speed also exists, and the sustained and controlled release mode is only suitable for being used in the seedling stage.
Patent document CN201510985231.7 discloses a special slow-release water-soluble fertilizer for bananas and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following raw material components: ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, chelated secondary elements, chelated trace elements, sodium borate, a growth promoter and an organic hydrogel material. Compared with CN201210057308.0, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer, can realize water and fertilizer integration, but still cannot solve the problem of nutrient deficiency caused by improper regulation and control of release speed, and has higher cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating a coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer, which solves the problems that the conventional fertilizer in banana production has high fertilizer efficiency and large loss amount, and the controlled release fertilizer has low fertilizer efficiency and small loss. The method utilizes a soil nutrient comprehensive system evaluation method and a nutrient diagnosis and regulation technology to couple controlled release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer into a whole, and develops a fast-release nutrient efficient regulation and control method of 'water fertilizer integration + special controlled release formula fertilizer' based on different banana leaf numbers by applying a certain proportion of controlled release formula fertilizer in the banana water fertilizer integration process, thereby achieving the effects of saving labor, saving fertilizer, improving efficiency, and reducing fertilizer waste and environmental pollution while satisfying the synchronous nutrition of bananas.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating a coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer is characterized in that the whole growth period is divided into 6 fertilizing periods according to the number of banana leaves, and the fertilizing periods and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizing proportion are as follows:
the controlled release formula fertilizer is selectively applied for 2-4 periods in four periods before the current bud period, the controlled release formula fertilizer is applied for 1 time in each period, the controlled release formula fertilizer is applied for 2-4 times in total, the rest fertilizers which are coupled by the water-soluble organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are applied by a water-fertilizer integrated method (the controlled release formula fertilizer can be applied independently or the controlled release formula fertilizer and the water-fertilizer are used integrally in the period of applying the controlled release formula fertilizer), the fertilizers are applied for 2-4 times in each month, and the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each period is as shown in the table; the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the controlled release formula fertilizer to the water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 2-8: 8-2, namely the dosage ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the controlled release formula fertilizer to the water-fertilizer integrated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is 2-8: 8-2.
Wherein, in the whole growth period of the banana, the controlled-release nitrogen proportion (the nitrogen application amount of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for the total nitrogen application amount in the application period) and the controlled-release potassium proportion (the potassium application amount of the controlled-release potassium fertilizer accounts for the total potassium application amount in the application period) of the controlled-release formula fertilizer in different application periods are consistent and respectively account for 20-50% and 0-30%; the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or plant oil coated urea with the fertilizer effect period of 2-5 months, and the controlled release potassium fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or plant oil coated potassium chloride with the fertilizer effect period of 2-5 months.
The application ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizers of the water-soluble organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is 1-3: 8, preferably 2:8, and the inorganic fertilizer can be compounded into required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios by balanced compound fertilizers, urea, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers and the like. The water-soluble organic fertilizer is preferably an organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer.
The invention has the technical effects that: by using the technology, the synchronous nutrition of the bananas can be met, the yield per unit area and mu yield of the bananas are greatly improved, and the utilization effect of the fertilizer is improved; obviously improves the soil quality of the banana garden, improves the bud drawing rate and the harvesting rate of the banana, increases the yield of the banana and achieves the effects of saving labor, saving fertilizer, improving efficiency, reducing fertilizer waste and reducing environmental pollution.
Detailed Description
The effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples and experimental examples.
Example 1:
a field contrast test is adopted, and the difference of the input proportion of the controlled release formula fertilizer and the conventional water fertilizer is taken as a test factor. The equal fertilizer input amount of each treatment in the test is respectively as follows: n250 g/strain; p2O5150g per plant; k2O680 g/strain. The planting density per mu is 143 plants.
Treatment 1 (T1): and (3) treating the controlled release formula fertilizer, namely compounding the plant oil resin coated urea and the conventional fertilizer according to the fertilization proportion of bananas in each growth period in the following table 1 to form the controlled release formula fertilizer with the nitrogen control rate of 30% and the controlled release potassium rate of 0%, and fertilizing 6 times (applying 1 time in each period) in the whole growth period. The fertilizer is balanced compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K)2O, 60 percent) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P)2O518 percent) and controlled release urea (N, 43 percent) are compounded into the controlled release formula fertilizer.
Treatment 2 (T2): organic and inorganic water and fertilizer are integrally treated, 20 percent of nitrogen source is provided by organic polypeptide fertilizer, and the rest 80 percent of nitrogen source, 100 percent of phosphorus and 100 percent of potassium fertilizer all adopt quick-acting nutrients. The fertilization periods and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization proportion are the same as T1 (shown in Table 1), and the fertilizer is a balanced compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K)2O, 60 percent), organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer (alkalescence) (N, P)2O5、K2O is more than or equal to 200g/L, humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, and matrix is more than or equal to 250 g/L). The fertilizer is applied every 7-10 days, and the fertilizer is applied 5-8 times in each fertilization period.
Treatment 3 (T3): the controlled release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer are integrally coupled to be treated 1, the controlled release formula fertilizer (30% of controlled release nitrogen and 0% of controlled release potassium) which is the same as the controlled release formula fertilizer in the treatment 1 is integrally applied to the organic and inorganic fertilizer and the water fertilizer which is the same as the treated 2, the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the controlled release formula fertilizer is 2:8, 210 g/plant of the controlled release formula fertilizer is respectively applied to 21-30 leaf stages and 31-37 leaf stages (the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 10% of the total application amount of the nutrients of the controlled release formula fertilizer each time), and all other required fertilizers (9-20 leaf stages, 38 leaf stages, bud extraction, bud stages and young fruit stages, 15% of the 21-30 leaf stages and 10% of the nutrient amount of the 31-37 leaf stages) are applied to the organic and inorganic fertilizer by adopting a water-fertilizer integrated technology every 7-10 d. The fertilization periods and the NPK fertilization ratios are also performed according to Table 1. The fertilizer is balanced compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K)2O, 60 percent) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P)2O518 percent, controlled release urea (N, 43 percent), organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer (weak alkaline) (N, P)2O5、K2O is more than or equal to 200g/L, humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, and matrix is more than or equal to 250 g/L).
Treatment 4 (T4): and (2) integrally coupling the controlled release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer, wherein the controlled release formula fertilizer (30% of controlled release nitrogen and 0% of controlled release potassium) which is the same as the controlled release formula fertilizer in the treatment step 1, and the organic and inorganic fertilizers and the water fertilizer which are the same as the treated step 2 are integrated, the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the controlled release formula fertilizer is 4:6, wherein the controlled release formula fertilizer is applied to 210 g/plant, 315 g/plant and 315 g/plant respectively in 9-20 leaf periods (the application dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 10% of the total application dosage of the respective nutrients), 21-30 leaf periods (the application dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 15% of the total application dosage of the respective nutrients) and 31-37 leaf periods (the application dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 15% of the total application dosage of the respective nutrients). And applying all other required fertilizers (all of the 38 leaf E. The fertilization periods and the NPK fertilization ratios are also performed according to Table 1. The fertilizer used was treated with T3.
Treatment 5 (T5): the peasant household normally processes and utilizes balanced compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K)2O, 60%), performing fertilizer application periods and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application proportion according to the table 2, and applying every 7-10 days by adopting a water-fertilizer integration technology.
No fertilization treatment (CK).
TABLE 1 fertilization period and proportion of fertilization in T1-T4 treatment
TABLE 2 conventional treatment fertilization period to fertilization ratio
As a result: as can be seen from Table 3, compared with the basic values, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and the quick-acting potassium of the soil treated by the T3 and the T4 are superior to those treated by the T1, the T2 and the T5 in pH value, and the absorption of nitrogen and potassium nutrients in the growth process of bananas is facilitated. After buds of the bananas are extracted, the plant height of T3 treatment is 252.5cm, the plant heights of T1, T2 and T5 are 236.1cm, 237.9cm and 230.2cm respectively, and the treatment rate of T3 is improved by 6.95 percent, 6.14 percent and 9.69 percent respectively compared with the treatment rates of T1, T2 and T5; the plant height of the T4 treated plant is 266.5cm, which is 12.88%, 12.02% and 15.77% higher than that of the T1, T2 and T5 respectively. When the bud extraction rates of the bananas treated by T3 and T4 are respectively about 82.5% and 85.2%, the bud extraction rates of the bananas treated by T1, T2, T5 and CK are respectively 71.3%, 73.4%, 67.8% and 30.8%.
As can be seen from Table 4, the yield of the T3-treated strain was 25.6 kg/strain, which was increased by 8.02%, 5.79%, 17.43%, 88.24% as compared with T1, T2, T5, CK, respectively; the yield of T3 treated per mu is respectively increased by 18.06%, 9.16%, 40.27% and 385.59% compared with T1, T2, T5 and CK. The yield of the T4-treated plant is 26.4 kg/plant, which is increased by 11.39%, 9.09%, 21.10% and 94.12% compared with T1, T2, T5 and CK respectively; the yield of T4 treated by the method is respectively improved by 25.53%, 16.07%, 49.15% and 416.32% compared with T1, T2, T5 and CK. Further analysis shows that the high yield of the T3 treated plants is mainly due to the fact that the fruit index is improved, and the influence on the weight of a single fruit is small; the T4 treatment not only improves the single plant fruit index, but also increases the single fruit weight by 6.46%, 7.09%, 6.32% and 40.97% compared with the T1, T2, T5 and CK treatments respectively. Therefore, the T3 treatment and the T4 treatment have high yield per mu, which is formed by coupling the plant yield and the yield. The prices of banana fruits are 2 yuan/kg, and T1, T2, T3 and T4 can increase the income per mu by 886 yuan, 1342 yuan, 1896 yuan and 2314 yuan compared with the treatment of T5. In addition, due to the adoption of a controlled release formula fertilizer or water and fertilizer integrated technology, the labor cost of T1, T2, T3 and T4 can be saved by 250 yuan, 300 yuan, 320 yuan and 350 yuan compared with the labor cost of T5 treatment per mu.
TABLE 3 general Change of soil for each treatment
TABLE 4 Process yields and their influencing factors
Claims (8)
1. A banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating a coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer is characterized in that the whole growth period is divided into 6 fertilizing periods according to the number of banana leaves, and the fertilizing periods and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizing proportion are as follows:
the controlled-release formula fertilizer is selectively applied for 2-4 periods in four periods before the current bud period, wherein the controlled-release formula fertilizer is applied for 1 time in each period and 2-4 times in total, the rest fertilizers which are coupled by the water-soluble organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are applied by a water-fertilizer integrated method, the fertilizers are applied for 2-4 times in each month, and the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each period is shown in the table; wherein the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the controlled release formula fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 2-8: 8-2.
2. The method for regulating and controlling banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen proportion and the controlled-release potassium proportion of the controlled-release formula fertilizer in different application periods are consistent and respectively range from 20% to 50% and 0% to 30% in the whole growth period of bananas.
3. The method for regulating and controlling banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formulated fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the adopted controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or plant oil coated urea with the fertilizer efficiency period of 2-5 months.
4. The method for regulating and controlling banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formulated fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the adopted controlled-release potash fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or vegetable oil coated potassium chloride with the fertilizer efficiency period of 2-5 months.
5. The method for regulating and controlling banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer of the water-soluble organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is 1-3: 8.
6. The method for regulating and controlling banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inorganic fertilizer is prepared by compounding a balanced compound fertilizer, urea, potassium chloride and a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into a required nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratio.
7. The method for regulating banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water-soluble organic fertilizer is an organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer.
8. The method for regulating banana nutrients by integrating the coupled controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fertilizing period and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizing proportion are as follows:
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| CN105924250A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-07 | 华南农业大学 | Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and preparing method of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer |
| CN112778038A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-11 | 海南大学 | Banana nutrition formula and formula using method |
| CN113229028A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-10 | 海南大学 | Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas |
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- 2021-09-30 CN CN202111147354.5A patent/CN114009193B/en active Active
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| CN102351602A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2012-02-15 | 华南农业大学 | Synchronous nutrition fertilizers, preparation methods thereof and applications thereof |
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| CN112778038A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-11 | 海南大学 | Banana nutrition formula and formula using method |
| CN113229028A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-10 | 海南大学 | Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas |
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