CN111869392B - Fertilizing method for rice in cold region - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for rice in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869392B CN111869392B CN202010904434.XA CN202010904434A CN111869392B CN 111869392 B CN111869392 B CN 111869392B CN 202010904434 A CN202010904434 A CN 202010904434A CN 111869392 B CN111869392 B CN 111869392B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, and discloses a fertilization method for high-quality rice in cold regions, which comprises the steps of applying microbial fertilizer at a rice seedbed stage, applying base fertilizer at the early stage of transplanting, applying striking root fertilizer at the striking root stage, and applying tillering fertilizer at the tillering stage, wherein the application mass ratio of the base fertilizer to the striking root fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer is 5: 3: 1-2. The invention reduces the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer by combining the matching application of the microbial fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, ensures the normal growth of plants while ensuring the yield, and improves the quality of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a fertilizing method for high-quality rice in cold areas.
Background
Rice is one of the main food crops in China, more than 65% of people in the world use rice as staple food, and the consumption of the rice accounts for more than 40% of the consumption of all the food crops. The Heilongjiang province has good ecological environment, no pollution to water and soil, large day and night temperature difference, high rice yield, excellent quality and rich nutrition, but natural resources are not fully utilized, and no competitive advantage exists in domestic and foreign markets. At present, the production target of the rice in the cold region is gradually converted from the original high yield to the high-quality rice. Nitrogen is one of essential nutrient elements in the growth and development process of rice, and the abundance degree of the nitrogen directly influences the biochemical metabolism, the physiological characteristics, the group construction, the synergistic absorption and utilization among nutrients and the formation of final yield of the rice. In recent years, due to the fact that nitrogen fertilizer input cost performance is high in rice cultivation, people pursue yield benefits excessively for a long time, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased year by year. Further causing water eutrophication, environmental pollution, occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, ineffective tillering, grain shrinkage, serious yield reduction due to lodging, influence on rice quality and other serious problems. Therefore, the reasonable fertilizer distribution and the reduction of the application of nitrogen fertilizer are important problems in the sustainable development of the current agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a fertilizing method for high-quality rice in cold areas, which comprises the following steps: applying microbial fertilizer in the rice seedbed stage, applying base fertilizer in the early stage of transplanting, applying striking fertilizer in the green turning stage and applying tillering fertilizer in the tillering stage;
the application mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the striking root fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer is 5: 3: 1-2;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 40-45kg/hm268-72kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer228-32 kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
The application amount of the striking root fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 20-30kg/hm270-80kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The application amount of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 13-20kg/hm226-34kg/hm of potash fertilizer270-80kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2：
The microbial fertilizer is a compound microbial agent of beneficial bacteria of a beauty root source.
Preferably, the rice is sowed after the seeds are soaked in the microbial fertilizer diluent of 10 to 20 times;
when the rice grows to the two leaves and one core of the rice seedling bed, 10-20 times of microbial fertilizer diluent is sprayed to the seedling bed, and the microbial fertilizer diluent is matched with fish protein before transplanting rice seedlings and is sprayed to the roots of the rice seedlings again.
Preferably, when the microbial fertilizer is applied in the green turning period, the microbial fertilizer is applied while irrigating.
Preferably, the total application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 140-160kg/hm2The total application amount of nitrogen is 73-95kg/hm 2The total application amount of the phosphorus is 68-72kg/hm2The total application amount of potassium is 54-66kg/hm2。
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the total nitrogen of the urea is more than or equal to 46 percent;
the total nutrient of the phosphoric diamine is more than or equal to 64 percent, wherein the total nitrogen is more than or equal to 18 percent, and P is2O5≥46％。
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the striking root fertilizer is ammonium sulfate.
Preferably, the total nitrogen of the ammonium sulfate is more than or equal to 21 percent.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the total nitrogen of the ammonium sulfate is more than or equal to 21 percent, and K in the potassium sulfate2O≥52％。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the microbial fertilizer applied in the invention generates metabolites in soil, enhances the absorption and utilization of nutrition of rice, for example, carbohydrates are generated by metabolism and combined with plant mucus, mineral embryo bodies and organic colloid, improves the granular structure of soil, effectively breaks soil hardening, promotes the formation of granular structure, improves the ventilation condition of soil, and promotes the generation of organic matters, humic acid and humus.
2. The application of different inorganic fertilizers meets the normal physiological requirements of plants in each period, and the application of the microbial fertilizer can promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the fertilizer loss and reduce the pollution to soil.
3. The biological bacterial fertilizer is applied and sprayed at the same time of applying the traditional fertilizer in two key fertilizer-requiring periods of the green turning period and the tillering period, the utilization rate of the traditional fertilizer is improved, the biological bacterial fertilizer is a living fertilizer and has a certain long-acting property, and under the condition that the biological bacterial fertilizer is in vigorous reproduction and metabolism, material conversion and beneficial metabolites can be continuously formed.
4. The invention promotes the growth of root systems in the seedling stage by utilizing the microbial fertilizer, produces metabolites in soil in the field, is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrition by rice, reduces the application amount of nitrogen in base fertilizer, striking root fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, specifically reduces the application amount of the fertilizer by 30 percent, reduces pollution, simultaneously meets the requirement of plant nutrition, ensures the normal growth of plants, and simultaneously improves and enhances the rice quality.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A fertilizing method for high-quality rice in cold areas specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) applying microbial fertilizer in the rice seedling bed stage, which comprises the following specific processes:
diluting the microbial fertilizer by 15 times to obtain a bacterial fertilizer diluent, and then using the bacterial fertilizer diluent for seed soaking;
when the rice grows into two leaves and one heart, diluting the bacterial manure by 10kg/hm2Spraying the seedbed by sprinkling irrigation, and spraying the roots of the seedlings again by combining with the fish protein according to the dosage ratio of 1:1 before transplanting the seedlings;
the microbial fertilizer is a compound microbial agent of beneficial bacteria of a beauty root source.
(2) Applying base fertilizer in early stage of transplanting
The application amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 42kg/hm270kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer230kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
In the base fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphatic fertilizer is diamine phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the total nitrogen of the urea is more than or equal to 46 percent; the total nutrient of the phosphoric diamine is more than or equal to 64 percent, wherein the total nitrogen is more than or equal to 18 percent, and P is2O5≥46％。
(3) Applying striking root fertilizer in striking root period
The application amount of the striking root fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 25.2kg/hm275kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The nitrogen fertilizer in the striking root fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and the total nitrogen of the ammonium sulfate is more than or equal to 21 percent;
the microbial fertilizer is applied while being irrigated in the application process, so that the microbial fertilizer can be uniformly applied to soil.
(4) Tillering fertilizer is applied in tillering stage
The application amount of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 16.8kg/hm230kg/hm of potash fertilizer275 kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the total nitrogen of the ammonium sulfate is more than or equal to 21 percent, and K in the potassium sulfate2O≥52％。
The application mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the striking root fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer is 5: 3: 2;
example 2
A fertilizing method for high-quality rice in cold regions is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
the dilution multiple of the microbial fertilizer diluent is 20 times;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 40kg/hm268kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer228kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
The application amount of the striking root fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 20kg/hm270kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The application amount of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 13kg/hm226kg/hm potash fertilizer270kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The application mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the striking root fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer is 5: 3: 1;
example 3
A fertilizing method for high-quality rice in cold regions is basically the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that:
the dilution multiple of the microbial fertilizer diluent is 10 times;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 45kg/hm272kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer232kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
The application amount is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 30kg/hm 280kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The application amount of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 20kg/hm234kg/hm of potash fertilizer280kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The application mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the striking root fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer is 5: 3: 2;
comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that;
using a conventional fertilization method: (1) in the seedbed period of the rice, soaking seeds by using a common mianamide conventional mode, and using the seedbed medicine in the same conventional medicine using mode;
(2) spreading base fertilizer with the amount of urea of 80kg/hm before transplanting2150kg/hm of phosphoric diamine2Potassium sulfate 60kg/hm2Raking the fertilizer into the soil after applying the fertilizer to mix the fertilizer with the soil;
(3) in the green turning period, 180kg/hm of ammonium sulfate is added2And 75kg/hm of microbial fertilizer is added into the colleagues who carry out water discharging2；
(4) In tillering stage, ammonium sulfate is added to 120kg/hm2Potassium sulfate 60kg/hm2Simultaneously applying 75kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2。
The effect of the different fertilization methods on rice, as represented by example 1, was compared with that of comparative example 1, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on Rice growth
Note: the difference of different lower case letter representation is significant at the level of P ≦ 0.05
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on Rice yield
Note: the difference of different lower case letter representation is significant at the level of P ≦ 0.05
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the fertilization method provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the number of solid grains, the maturing rate and the weight of each hole of a plant, and finally improving the relative yield, compared with the conventional fertilization mode of the comparative example 1, the actual yield can be basically the same as that of the comparative example 1 under the condition that the nitrogen application amount is at least reduced by 30%, and the fertilization method provided by the invention is proved to save fertilizer on the premise of ensuring the yield of rice not to be reduced, and prevent soil eutrophication caused by excessive application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The microbial fertilizer used in the invention is a compound microbial agent of the mycorrhizal beneficial bacteria provided by the pocky micro company.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A fertilizing method for rice in cold regions is characterized in that microbial fertilizer is applied in a rice seedbed stage, base fertilizer is applied in the early stage of transplanting, striking root fertilizer is applied in the striking root stage, and tillering fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage;
soaking seeds in 10-20 times of microbial fertilizer diluent and then sowing the seeds in the rice;
spraying 10-20 times of microbial fertilizer diluent to the seedbed when the rice grows to two leaves and one core at the seedbed stage, and spraying the diluent to the roots of the seedlings again together with fish protein before transplanting;
the application mass ratio of the base fertilizer to the striking root fertilizer to the tillering fertilizer is 5: 3: 1-2;
the application amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 40-45kg/hm268-72kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer228-32kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
The application amount of the striking root fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 20-30kg/hm270-80kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2(ii) a When the microbial fertilizer is applied in the green turning period, the microbial fertilizer is applied while irrigating;
the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 13-20kg/hm226-34kg/hm of potash fertilizer270-80kg/hm of microbial fertilizer2；
The microbial fertilizer is a compound microbial agent of beneficial bacteria of a beauty root source;
the total application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 140-160kg/hm2The total nitrogen application amount is 73-95kg/hm2The total application amount of phosphorus is 68-72kg/hm2The total application amount of potassium is 54-66kg/hm2。
2. The method of fertilizing rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is phosphoric diamine, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
3. The method for fertilizing rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the total nitrogen of the urea is greater than or equal to 46%;
the total nutrient of the phosphoric diamine is more than or equal to 64 percent, wherein the total nitrogen is more than or equal to 18 percent, and P2O5≥46％。
4. The method for fertilizing rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the striking root fertilizer is ammonium sulfate.
5. The method for fertilizing rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the total nitrogen of the ammonium sulphate is greater than or equal to 21%.
6. The method of fertilizing rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
7. The method for fertilizing rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the total nitrogen content of the ammonium sulphate is not less than 21%, and the potassium sulphate contains K2O≥52％。
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| CN114793801A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-29 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Rice field greenhouse gas emission reduction method based on straw returning |
| CN115500225B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-05-12 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104557249A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-29 | 孟庆伟 | Microbial fertilizer |
| CN106068857A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of paddy rice in cold region fertilizing method |
| CN108083884A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-29 | 魏莉丽 | A kind of organic fertilizer and its subtract the application in applying synergy in rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104557249A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-29 | 孟庆伟 | Microbial fertilizer |
| CN106068857A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of paddy rice in cold region fertilizing method |
| CN108083884A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-29 | 魏莉丽 | A kind of organic fertilizer and its subtract the application in applying synergy in rice |
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