CN105210529A - A kind of facility eggplant is survived the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of facility eggplant is survived the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210529A CN105210529A CN201510717759.6A CN201510717759A CN105210529A CN 105210529 A CN105210529 A CN 105210529A CN 201510717759 A CN201510717759 A CN 201510717759A CN 105210529 A CN105210529 A CN 105210529A
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- fertilizer
- eggplant
- nitrogenous
- gathering
- long term
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of facility eggplant to survive the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation.Fertilizing method that the present invention is formed carries out segmented precision fertilizing according to different growing in eggplant Long term cultivation to the characteristics of demand of nitrogen potassium, is specially: base manure (nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.5), the setting phase topdresses (nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.1), the initial stage of gathering topdresses (nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.2), Sheng of the gathering phase topdresses (nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.4), latter stage of gathering topdresses (nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.3).Above-mentioned fertilizing method meets the nutrient requirement characteristics in facility eggplant Long term cultivation, effectively can promote that eggplant is nourished and grown and the balance of reproductive growth, solve eggplant to survive the winter the difficult problem that setting is indifferent continuously in Long term cultivation, improve eggplant yield, improve fruit quality, greatly improve fertilizer production efficiency while reducing fertilizers input, really realize cost-saving synergistic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of facility eggplant and to survive the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation.
Background technology
Eggplant is global vegetable crop, is one of important crops of facility cultivation, in daily life, occupies critical role.In China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation, eggplant is main vegetable species, but due to culture technique level backwardnesss such as water and fertilizer managements, yield per unit area is lower, and fruit quality also has obviously on the low side.According to investigations, in China's facility eggplant production process, ubiquity applies fertilizer unbalanced phenomenon, nitrogen application is too much and potash fertilizer is not enough, not only eggplant yield and quality are had a negative impact, and great quantities of spare nitrogen residue loses in soil or by modes such as subrosion, gaseous state volatilizations, forms grave danger to Regional environmental quality.
The crops for rotation arrangement of facility eggplant mainly contains Autumn cultivation, the cultivation of Winter-Spring stubble, Long term cultivation three kinds of forms of surviving the winter.Long term cultivation of surviving the winter is a kind of idealized model that facility eggplant is produced, this pattern decreases seedling raising and transplanting number of times, has given full play to the indeterminate growth ability of plant, 16-20 fringe fruit of can gathering continuously, extend eggplant Time To Market, substantially increase the utilization ratio of facility.On the other hand, eggplant is happiness potassium crop, and to the demand of nitrogen potash fertilizer much larger than phosphate fertilizer, when in soil, available phosphorus content is more than 100mg/kg according to the study, phosphate fertilizer lost efficacy substantially, and therefore the scientific and reasonable supply of nitrogen potash fertilizer is most important.Especially in Long term cultivation process, eggplant is longer for breeding time, and different phase is different to the demand percentage of nutritive element, carries out segmented nutrient supply significant according to eggplant different growing to the demand rule of nutrient.
At present for raising eggplant yield, great majority adopt rational implantation methods or utilize grafting method to improve the output of eggplant.As the patent No. be 201410084509.9 " a kind of implantation methods of rich selenium eggplant " and the patent No. be that the Grafted Eggplant method of continuous cropping " a kind of can " of 201310497366.X have employed field planting management and grafting method respectively to improve the output of eggplant.We are intended to the water and fertilizer management being carried out different phase by different growing, reach further and to survive the winter in facility Long term cultivation to eggplant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, the fertilizing method that Long term cultivation survived the winter by a kind of facility eggplant is provided.
Facility eggplant is survived the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation, it is characterized in that:
1) the total consumption of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer is determined: total consumption=target output × 0.002 of nitrogenous fertilizer, total total consumption × 0.5 of consumption=nitrogenous fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer;
2) base manure is used: based on fertilizer, compounding application chemical fertilizer; The whole base of fertilizer is executed, and the level of applying is 4000-5000kg/ mu; Total consumption × 40% of the nitrogenous fertilizer base amount of executing=nitrogenous fertilizer in chemical fertilizer, total consumption × 60% of the phosphate fertilizer base amount of executing=phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer base amount of the executing=nitrogenous fertilizer base amount of executing × 1.5;
3) topdress and use: topdress from eggplant the 1st fringe fruit is expanded, on average every 20 days 1 time, total consumption × 60% of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity=nitrogenous fertilizer;
Different times nitrogen potash fertilizer imposes ratio: setting phase nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: initial stage nitrogenous fertilizer of 1.1, gathering: potash fertilizer=1.0: Sheng of 1.2, gathering phase nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: nitrogenous fertilizer in latter stage of 1.4, gathering: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.3; And impose phosphate fertilizer in the Sheng phase of gathering, total consumption × 30% of the phosphate fertilizer amount of imposing=phosphate fertilizer.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, described fertilizer is one or both the mixing in pig manure or the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, described chemical fertilizer is urea, potassium sulfate, composite fertilizer.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, the setting phase, the initial stage of gathering, latter stage of gathering nitrogenous fertilizer used be urea, potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and Sheng of gathering phase nitrogenous fertilizer used, phosphate fertilizer are composite fertilizer, and potash fertilizer is composite fertilizer and potassium sulfate.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. formed fertilizing method is according to the nutrient demand feature of different growing in facility eggplant Long term cultivation process, accurately use nitrogen potash fertilizer, the production efficiency of fertilizer can be significantly improved, reduce the environmental pollution that the unreasonable input of nitrogenous fertilizer causes, there are significant ecological benefits.
2. formed fertilizing method carries out different fertilizer ratios in different eggplant different growing, can promote that eggplant is nourished and grown and the balance of reproductive growth, increases eggplant setting number, improve eggplant single fruit weight, and then significantly improve eggplant yield, improve fruit quality, there is significant economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the fertilizing method for examination Eggplant Varieties being the Long term cultivation of surviving the winter of capital eggplant No. 20
Within 2012, carry out in the greenhouse by solar heat of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province one eggplant survive the winter Long term cultivation test, greenhouse by solar heat area 667m
2; Eggplant in nursery on August 30 in 2014, field planting on October 9, on June 28th, 2013 uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested, for examination Eggplant Varieties be capital eggplant No. 20; Fertilizer management carries out segmented management according to different growing to the demand rule of nutrient, and other management are as usual.
1) nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer consumption is determined: setting eggplant target output according to cultivation experience is 18000kg/ mu, determines the total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer=18000kg/ mu × 0.002=36kg/ mu, the total consumption of phosphate fertilizer=36kg/ mu × 0.5=18kg/ mu.
2) base manure is used: apply sterilization pig manure 4000kg; The nitrogenous fertilizer base amount of executing=36kg/ mu × 0.4=14.4kg/ mu, the phosphate fertilizer base amount of executing=18kg/ mu × 0.6=10.8kg/ mu, the potash fertilizer base amount of executing=14.4kg/ mu × 1.5=21.6kg/ mu, with apply fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 7.83kg, composite fertilizer (containing N-P
2o
5-K
2o%=15-15-15%) 72kg, potassium sulfate are (containing K
2o50%) 21.6kg provides.
3) topdress and use: eggplant the 1st fringe fruit expanding stage carries out the 1st time and topdresses, and carries out 12 times altogether and topdresses, the nitrogenous fertilizer amount of imposing at every turn=36kg/ mu × 0.6 ÷ 12=1.8kg/ mu.The potash fertilizer amount of imposing: the setting phase imposes 3 times, each 1.98kg/ mu; The initial stage of gathering imposes 3 times, each 2.16kg/ mu; Sheng of the gathering phase imposes 3 times, and each 2.52kg/ mu, latter stage of gathering impose 3 times, each 2.34kg/ mu.And apply phosphate fertilizer 3 times in the Sheng phase of gathering, each 1.8kg/ mu.Setting phase fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 3.91kg/ time, potassium sulfate (containing K
2o50%) provide for 3.96kg/ time; Gather initial stage fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 3.91kg/ time, potassium sulfate (containing K
2o50%) provide for 4.32kg/ time; Sheng of gathering phase fertilizer by composite fertilizer (containing N-P
2o
5-K
2o%=15-15-15%) 12kg/ time, potassium sulfate is (containing K
2o50%) provide for 1.44kg/ time; Gather latter stage fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 3.91kg/ time, potassium sulfate (containing K
2o50%) provide for 4.68kg/ time.
Segmented fertilizer applications foundation eggplant different growing is to the characteristics of demand Tree Precise Fertilization of nutrient, eggplant yield comparatively traditional fertilization method adds 12.5%, and the production efficiency of fertilizer adds 18.6% (table 1), show that segmented fertilizer applications meets the regulation of fertilizer requirement in eggplant Long term cultivation, given full play to the Increase production ability of fertilizer; On the other hand, segmented fertilizer applications facilitates eggplant and nourishes and grows and the balance of reproductive growth, add eggplant valid block fruit ear number and setting number, solve facility eggplant to survive the winter the indifferent difficult problem of the continuous setting of eggplant in Long term cultivation, and the reasonable supply of potash fertilizer improves eggplant single fruit weight (table 2), and improve fruit quality, especially VC content comparatively traditional habit fertilization mode add 9.6% (table 3).
Table 1 different fertilizer Managed Solution fertilizers input compares with eggplant yield
The impact that table 2 different fertilizer Managed Solution is formed eggplant yield
Table 3 different fertilizer Managed Solution is on the impact of eggplant quality
Embodiment 2: the fertilizing method for examination Eggplant Varieties being the Long term cultivation of surviving the winter of the purple Dragon King No. 4
Within 2014, carry out in the greenhouse by solar heat of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province one eggplant survive the winter Long term cultivation test, greenhouse by solar heat area 810m
2; Eggplant in nursery on September 5 in 2014, field planting on October 14, on July 4th, 2015 uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested, for examination Eggplant Varieties be the purple Dragon King No. 4; Fertilizer management carries out segmented management according to different growing to the demand rule of nutrient, and other management are as usual.
1) nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer consumption is determined: setting eggplant target output according to cultivation experience is 20000kg/ mu, determines the total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer=20000kg/ mu × 0.002=40kg/ mu, the total consumption of phosphate fertilizer=40kg/ mu × 0.5=20kg/ mu.
2) base manure is used: apply sterilization chicken manure 5000kg; The nitrogenous fertilizer base amount of executing=40kg/ mu × 0.4=16kg/ mu, the phosphate fertilizer base amount of executing=20kg/ mu × 0.6=12kg/ mu, the potash fertilizer base amount of executing=16kg/ mu × 1.5=24kg/ mu, by urea (containing N46%) 8.7kg, composite fertilizer (containing N-P
2o
5-K
2o%=15-15-15%) 80kg, potassium sulfate are (containing 50%K
2o) 24kg provides.
3) topdress and use: eggplant the 1st fringe fruit expanding stage carries out the 1st time and topdresses, and carries out 12 times altogether and topdresses, the nitrogenous fertilizer amount of imposing at every turn=40kg/ mu × 0.6 ÷ 12=2kg/ mu.The potash fertilizer amount of imposing: the setting phase imposes 3 times, each 2.2kg/ mu; The initial stage of gathering imposes 3 times, each 2.4kg/ mu; Sheng of the gathering phase imposes 3 times, each 2.8kg/ mu; Gather and impose 3 latter stage, each 2.6kg/ mu.And apply phosphate fertilizer 3 times in the Sheng phase of gathering, each 4kg/ mu.Setting phase fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 4.35kg/ time, potassium sulfate (containing 50%K
2o) provide for 4.4kg/ time; Gather initial stage fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 4.35kg/ time, potassium sulfate (containing 50%K
2o) provide for 4.8kg/ time; Sheng of gathering phase fertilizer by composite fertilizer (containing N-P
2o
5-K
2o%=15-15-15%) 13.3kg/ time, potassium sulfate is (containing 50%K
2o) provide for 1.6kg/ time; Gather latter stage fertilizer by urea (containing N46%) 4.32kg/ time, potassium sulfate (containing 50%K
2o) provide for 5.2kg/ time.
Relative to traditional habit fertilising, segmented fertilizer applications makes rate of fertilizer reduce 8.0%, and output increased 11.9%, especially fertilizer production efficiency improves 21% (table 4).On the other hand, segmented fertilizer applications facilitates eggplant and nourishes and grows and the balance of reproductive growth, the effective spike number of eggplant comparatively traditional fertilization adds 14.9%, setting number adds 7.3%, show that segmented fertilizer applications effectively can solve facility eggplant and to survive the winter the indifferent difficult problem of the continuous setting of eggplant in Long term cultivation, and the reasonable supply of potash fertilizer improves eggplant single fruit weight (table 5), and improve fruit quality, improve the content (table 6) of VC and solid content in eggplant fruit.
Table 4 different fertilizer Managed Solution fertilizers input compares with eggplant yield
The impact that table 5 different fertilizer Managed Solution is formed eggplant yield
Table 6 different fertilizer Managed Solution is on the impact of eggplant quality
Claims (3)
1. facility eggplant is survived the winter a fertilizing method for Long term cultivation, it is characterized in that, the different growing according to facility eggplant Long term cultivation carries out the azophoska management of segmented, and above-mentioned fertilizing method is realized by following steps:
1) the total consumption of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer is determined: total consumption=target output × 0.002 of nitrogenous fertilizer, total total consumption × 0.5 of consumption=nitrogenous fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer;
2) base manure is used: based on fertilizer, compounding application chemical fertilizer; The whole base of fertilizer is executed, and the level of applying is 4000-5000kg/ mu; Total consumption × 40% of the nitrogenous fertilizer base amount of executing=nitrogenous fertilizer in chemical fertilizer, total consumption × 60% of the phosphate fertilizer base amount of executing=phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer base amount of the executing=nitrogenous fertilizer base amount of executing × 1.5;
3) topdress and use: topdress from eggplant the 1st fringe fruit is expanded, on average every 20 days 1 time, total consumption × 60% of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity=nitrogenous fertilizer; Different times nitrogen potash fertilizer imposes ratio: setting phase nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: initial stage nitrogenous fertilizer of 1.1, gathering: potash fertilizer=1.0: Sheng of 1.2, gathering phase nitrogenous fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.0: nitrogenous fertilizer in latter stage of 1.4, gathering: potash fertilizer=1.0: 1.3; And impose phosphate fertilizer in the Sheng phase of gathering, total consumption × 30% of the phosphate fertilizer amount of imposing=phosphate fertilizer;
Nitrogen fertilizer amount described in above-mentioned steps is in N, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o counts.
2. a kind of facility eggplant as claimed in claim 1 is survived the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned steps 2) in, described fertilizer is the farmyard manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, and described chemical fertilizer is urea and potassium sulfate and composite fertilizer.
3. a kind of facility eggplant as claimed in claim 1 is survived the winter the fertilizing method of Long term cultivation, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned steps 3) in, the setting phase, the initial stage of gathering, latter stage of gathering nitrogenous fertilizer used be urea, potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, Sheng of gathering phase nitrogenous fertilizer used, phosphate fertilizer are composite fertilizer, and potash fertilizer is composite fertilizer and potassium sulfate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107710942A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-23 | 界首市高丰农业专业合作社 | A kind of plantation fertilizing method of wheat |
| CN113149755A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Special fertilizer for regional facility eggplants based on QUEFTS model and application method |
-
2015
- 2015-10-29 CN CN201510717759.6A patent/CN105210529A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107710942A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-23 | 界首市高丰农业专业合作社 | A kind of plantation fertilizing method of wheat |
| CN113149755A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Special fertilizer for regional facility eggplants based on QUEFTS model and application method |
| CN113149755B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-08-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Special fertilizer for regional facility eggplants based on QUEFTS model and application method |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
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Application publication date: 20160106 |