CN114315451A - Fertilizer and fertilizing method adopted in full growth period of jackfruit - Google Patents
Fertilizer and fertilizing method adopted in full growth period of jackfruit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizer and a fertilizing method adopted in the whole growth period of jackfruit; the fertilizers comprise fertilizers in a tree raising period, fertilizers in a flower bud differentiation period and fertilizers in a fruiting period which are five years after planting; the fertilizer for the tree-growing period comprises an organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of (20-40) - (0.8-1.7) - (0.8-1.2)2O5)‑15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) fertilizers for flower bud differentiation stage2O5)‑20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; the fruiting period fertilizer comprises 12(N) -11 (P)2O5)‑18(K2O) high-potassium compound fertilizer. The invention fully considers the nutrient demand rule of the jackfruit in the whole growth period and the difference of different tree ages in the nutrient demand, adopts different fertilization schemes in different periods, has reasonable proportion, and is beneficial to the efficient utilization of nutrients。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilization management, and particularly relates to a fertilizer and a fertilization method adopted in the whole growth period of jackfruit.
Background
The jackfruit is a special fruit tree widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions in China. According to incomplete statistics, the planting area of the jackfruit in China is more than 50 ten thousand mu, wherein the planting area of the Hainan province is about 25 ten thousand mu, and the jackfruit is an important economic source for local farmers and has wide market prospect.
At present, the following problems mainly exist in the practical production of the jack fruit: firstly, the fertilizing amount is difficult to master, and the problems of blind fertilization, excessive fertilization and the like exist, so that the fertilizer efficiency is low, the soil is easy to harden, and the non-point source pollution is heavy; secondly, the fertilizing method and period are unreasonable, the jackfruit has obvious alternate growth periods, and the results are unstable, the trees are weak, and the yield and the quality are limited due to unreasonable fertilizing and tasting. Moreover, the single fertilization technology cannot meet the requirements of people on quality improvement and efficiency improvement of agricultural products in a specific growth period of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a fertilizer and a fertilizing method for jackfruit in the whole growth period, wherein the fertilizing method can improve soil acidity and achieve the aims of weight reduction and efficiency improvement in orchards.
The invention provides a fertilizer adopted in the full growth period of jackfruit, which comprises a fertilizer in a tree-raising period, a fertilizer in a flower bud differentiation period and a fertilizer in a fruiting period of five years after planting;
the fertilizer for the tree-growing period comprises an organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of (20-40) - (0.8-1.7) - (0.8-1.2)2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g/kg of organic matters–1，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg–1，P2O5(47.0～47.5)g·kg–1，K2O(12.6～13.2)g·kg–1；
The fertilizer for flower bud differentiation stage comprises borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 12O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer;
the fruiting period fertilizer comprises 12(N) -11 (P)2O5)-18(K2O) high-potassium compound fertilizer.
In the invention, the fertilizer for the tree-raising period comprises an organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of 20 (0.8-1.7) to (0.8-1.2)2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the fertilizer for flower bud differentiation stage comprises borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 12O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
In the invention, the method also comprises spraying liquid on the leaf back;
the spraying liquid on the leaf back is independently selected from mixed liquid and (0.1-0.3) wt% of chelated calcium solution;
the mixed solution is a mixed solution of (0.2-0.4) wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and (0.1-0.3) wt% of boric acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution is (0.03-0.06): (0.01-0.03).
In the invention, the mass ratio of the monopotassium phosphate to the boric acid to the chelated calcium is 0.06:0.02: 0.02.
The invention provides a fertilizing method for the whole growth period of jackfruit, which comprises the following steps:
fertilizing the jack fruit seedlings in the first year after planting according to the seedling stage, wherein the adopted fertilizers comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 of organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 480 g.kg of organic matters–1，N 15.6g·kg–1，P2O5 47.2g·kg–1，K2O12.9 g·kg–1；
Fertilizing in the second year after planting according to the seedling stage, wherein the adopted fertilizers comprise 15: (0.8-1.2) organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer;
fertilizing in three growth periods in the third year after planting, picking fruits in 9-11 months of tree growing period, pruning branches, and applying the organic fertilizer and the 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of 20 (0.8-1.2) to 0.8-1.22O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 1 are applied for 1-2 months in the flower bud differentiation stage2O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) high potassiumCompound fertilizer;
in the fourth year after planting, fruits are picked in 9-11 months of tree raising period, and the organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) are applied according to the mass ratio of 30 (1.3-1.7) to (0.8-1.2) after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 1 are applied for 1-2 months in the flower bud differentiation stage2O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) high-potassium compound fertilizer;
in the fifth year after planting, fruits are picked in 9-11 months of tree raising period, and the organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) are applied according to the mass ratio of 40 (1.3-1.7) to (0.8-1.2) after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 1 are applied for 1-2 months in the flower bud differentiation stage2O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) high-potassium compound fertilizer;
and entering a stable birth period in the fifth year after planting.
In the invention, in the third year, the fourth year and the fifth year after planting, after the flower bud differentiation period, the mixed solution of (0.04-0.09) kg/plant is sprayed on the leaf back for 2 times, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days; the mixed solution is a mixed solution of (0.2-0.4) wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and (0.1-0.3) wt% of boric acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution is (0.03-0.06): (0.01-0.03);
after the mixed solution is sprayed for 1 time, 0.01-0.03 kg/plant of 0.1-0.3 wt% chelated calcium solution is sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 7 days, and the mixed solution is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days.
In the invention, in the third year, the fourth year and the fifth year after planting, the mixed solution of (0.04-0.09) kg/plant is sprayed on the leaf back for 2 times in the fruiting period, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days; the mixed solution is a mixed solution of (0.2-0.4) wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and (0.1-0.3) wt% of boric acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution is (0.03-0.06): (0.01-0.03);
spraying 0.01-0.03 kg/plant of 0.1-0.3 wt% chelated calcium solution 2 times every 7 days, and spraying 1 time every 15 days.
In the invention, organic fertilizer is applied once in the first year after planting; 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) applying the compound fertilizer by 4 times in equal amount;
in the second year after planting, organic fertilizer is applied at one time; 10(N) -20 (P)2O5)-20(K2O) is applied in 4 times with equal amount.
According to the invention, the nutrient requirement rule of the jackfruit in the whole growth period and the difference of different tree ages in the nutrient requirement are fully considered, different fertilization schemes are adopted in different periods, the proportion is reasonable, and the efficient utilization of nutrients is facilitated; compared with the traditional fertilization method, the fertilization method provided by the invention adopts the proportion of the lithium-containing organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, can improve the organic matter content of the soil by more than 10%, improve the acidity of the soil, increase the diversity of microorganisms, reduce the using amount of the chemical fertilizer by more than 20%, increase the yield by more than 20%, and realize the purposes of weight reduction and efficiency improvement of the orchard.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the fertilizer and the fertilizing method for the full growth period of jackfruit provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) The fertilizer is applied and managed according to the seedling stage in the first year after planting, the mass of the organic fertilizer and the fertilizer is 10:0.5, wherein the organic fertilizer is 10kg (organic matter, 480 g.kg)–1；N，15.6g·kg–1；P2O5，47.2g·kg–1；K2O，12.9g·kg–1) The fertilizer is applied once in 10-12 months every year; the fertilizer is 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, and is applied in 4 times in equal amount;
(2) in the second year after planting, fertilizer application management is carried out according to the seedling stage, the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is 15:0.8, wherein 15kg of the organic fertilizer is applied once in 10-12 months; 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) 0.8kg of compound fertilizer, and is applied in 4 times in equal amount;
(3) fertilizing in three growth periods in the third year after planting, and applying 20 kg/plant of organic fertilizer, 15(N) -15 (P) after picking fruits and pruning branches in 9-11 months of tree-growing period2O5)-15(K2O) 0.8kg of compound fertilizer and 0.8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.08kg of borax, 0.08kg of magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months2O5)-20(K2O) 1.0kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The leaves and the back are sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.03kg per plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.01kg per plant) for 2 times (once every 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.01kg per plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Applying 0.3kg of 12-11-18 high-potassium compound fertilizer in the fruiting period, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.03 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3 wt% boric acid solution (0.01 kg/plant) on the back of leaves for 2 times, and spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.01 kg/plant) for 2 times every 7 days, once every 15 days;
(4) in the fourth year after planting, fruit picking is carried out in 9-11 months of tree raising period, organic fertilizer of 30 kg/plant, 15(N) -15 (P) is applied after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) 1.3kg of compound fertilizer and 0.8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.08kg of borax, 0.08kg of magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months2O5)-20(K2O) 1.0kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The leaves and the back are sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.03kg per plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.01kg per plant) for 2 times (once every 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.01kg per plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.03 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3 wt% boric acid solution (0.01 kg/plant) on leaf surfaces for 2 times, spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.01 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days, and spraying once every 15 days;
(5) in the fifth year after planting, fruit picking and pruning are carried out in 9-11 months of the tree-raising period, and organic fertilizer of 40 kg/plant, 15(N) -15 (P) is applied2O5)-15(K2O) 1.3kg of compound fertilizer and 0.8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.08kg of borax, 0.08kg of magnesium sulfate and 1.0kg of 10-20-20 high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months. Spraying on leaf backThe mixture is applied with 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.03 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution (0.01 kg/plant) for 2 times (once every 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.01 kg/plant) is sprayed for 2 times after 7 days. Administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.03 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution (0.01 kg/plant) on leaf surfaces for 2 times, spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.01 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days, and spraying once every 15 days;
TABLE 1 fertilization protocol of Jack fruit 1-5 years after planting (kg/plant)
And (3) collecting a soil sample in a fruiting period, determining the content of organic matters by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, and determining the pH value of the soil by adopting a composite electrode method. And (3) determining and analyzing diversity indexes of soil bacteria and fungi by adopting an Illumina Miseq PE250 sequencing platform. At the time of harvest, 20 jackfruit trees were randomly selected from each test plot and weighed, and the yield per mu was estimated based on the average individual plant yield and the number of plants.
(6) The trees basically enter a stable yield period in five years after planting, and the fertilizing amount can be carried out according to a fertilizing mode in the fifth year after planting.
(7) The soil and fertilizer are applied in furrows, 2 furrows are cut along the drip line, the positions of the fertilizing furrows are changed at different periods of fertilization, soil is backfilled after fertilization, and water is timely filled after topdressing.
Example 2
(1) The fertilizer is applied and managed according to the seedling stage in the first year after planting, the mass of the organic fertilizer and the fertilizer is 10:0.5, wherein the organic fertilizer is 10kg (organic matter, 480 g.kg)–1；N，15.6g·kg–1；P2O5，47.2g·kg–1；K2O，12.9g·kg–1) The fertilizer is applied once in 10-12 months every year; the fertilizer is 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, and is applied in 4 times in equal amount;
(2) the seedling stage of the second year after plantingFertilizing management, wherein the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is 15:1, 15kg of the organic fertilizer is applied at one time in 10-12 months; 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) 1kg of compound fertilizer, and is applied in 4 times in equal amount;
(3) fertilizing in three growth periods in the third year after planting, and applying 20 kg/plant of organic fertilizer, 15(N) -15 (P) after picking fruits and pruning branches in 9-11 months of tree-growing period2O5)-15(K2O) 1kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.1kg of borax, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months2O5)-20(K2O) 1.0kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The leaf back is sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.045 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times (once for 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Applying 0.5kg of 12-11-18 high-potassium compound fertilizer in the fruiting period, spraying 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.045 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3 wt% of boric acid solution (0.02 kg/plant) on the back of leaves for 2 times, and spraying 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times every 7 days, wherein the spraying is performed once every 15 days;
(4) in the fourth year after planting, fruit picking is carried out in 9-11 months of tree raising period, organic fertilizer of 30 kg/plant, 15(N) -15 (P) is applied after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) 1.5kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.1kg of borax, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months2O5)-20(K2O) 1.0kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The leaf back is sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.045 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times (once for 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.5kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.045 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3 wt% boric acid solution (0.02 kg/plant) on leaf surfaces for 2 times, spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days, and spraying once every 15 days;
(5) in the fifth year after planting, fruit picking and pruning are carried out in 9-11 months of the tree-raising period, and 40kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant，15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O) 1.5kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.1kg of borax, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate and 1.0kg of 10-20-20 high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months. The leaf back is sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.045 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times (once for 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.5kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.045 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times on the back of leaves, spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.02 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days, and spraying once every 15 days;
TABLE 2 fertilization protocol for post-planting 1-5 years jackfruit
And (3) collecting a soil sample in a fruiting period, determining the content of organic matters by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, and determining the pH value of the soil by adopting a composite electrode method. And (3) determining and analyzing diversity indexes of soil bacteria and fungi by adopting an Illumina Miseq PE250 sequencing platform. At the time of harvest, 20 jackfruit trees were randomly selected from each test plot and weighed, and the yield per mu was estimated based on the average individual plant yield and the number of plants.
(6) The trees basically enter a stable yield period in five years after planting, and the fertilizing amount can be carried out according to a fertilizing mode in the fifth year after planting.
(7) The soil and fertilizer are applied in furrows, 2 furrows are cut along the drip line, the positions of the fertilizing furrows are changed at different periods of fertilization, soil is backfilled after fertilization, and water is timely filled after topdressing.
Example 3
(1) The fertilizer is applied and managed according to the seedling stage in the first year after planting, the mass of the organic fertilizer and the fertilizer is 10:0.5, wherein the organic fertilizer is 10kg (organic matter, 480 g.kg)–1；N，15.6g·kg–1；P2O5，47.2g·kg–1；K2O，12.9g·kg–1) In each yearApplying the mixture once in 10-12 months; the fertilizer is 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) 0.5kg of compound fertilizer, and is applied in 4 times in equal amount;
(2) in the second year after planting, fertilizer application management is carried out according to the seedling stage, the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer is 15:1.2, wherein 15kg of the organic fertilizer is applied once in 10-12 months; 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) 1.2kg of compound fertilizer, and is applied in 4 times in equal amount;
(3) fertilizing in three growth periods in the third year after planting, and applying 20 kg/plant of organic fertilizer, 15(N) -15 (P) after picking fruits and pruning branches in 9-11 months of tree-growing period2O5)-15(K2O) 1.2kg of compound fertilizer and 1.2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.12kg of borax, 0.12kg of magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months2O5)-20(K2O) 1.0kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The leaves and the back are sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.06 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times (once every 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Applying 0.7kg of 12-11-18 high-potassium compound fertilizer in the fruiting period, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.06 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3 wt% boric acid solution (0.03 kg/plant) on the back of leaves for 2 times, and spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times every 7 days, once every 15 days;
(4) in the fourth year after planting, fruit picking is carried out in 9-11 months of tree raising period, organic fertilizer of 30 kg/plant, 15(N) -15 (P) is applied after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) 1.7kg of compound fertilizer and 1.2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.12kg of borax, 0.12kg of magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months2O5)-20(K2O) 1.0kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The leaves and the back are sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.06 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times (once every 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.7kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.06kg per plant) and 0.1-0.3 percent of boric acid solution (0.03 k) by weight are sprayed on the leaf surfacesg/plant) for 2 times, spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times every 7 days, and every 15 days;
(5) in the fifth year after planting, fruit picking and pruning are carried out in 9-11 months of the tree-raising period, and organic fertilizer of 40 kg/plant, 15(N) -15 (P) is applied2O5)-15(K2O) 1.7kg of compound fertilizer and 1.2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. 0.12kg of borax, 0.12kg of magnesium sulfate and 1.0kg of 10-20-20 high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer are applied in the flower bud differentiation period of 1-2 months. The leaves and the back are sprayed and mixed with 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.06 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% of boric acid solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times (once every 15 days), and 0.1-0.3% of chelated calcium solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days. Administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.7kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.06 kg/plant) and 0.1-0.3% boric acid solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times on the leaf back, spraying 0.1-0.3% chelated calcium solution (0.03 kg/plant) for 2 times after 7 days, and spraying once every 15 days;
TABLE 3 fertilization protocol for post-planting 1-5 years jackfruit
And (3) collecting a soil sample in a fruiting period, determining the content of organic matters by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, and determining the pH value of the soil by adopting a composite electrode method. And (3) determining and analyzing diversity indexes of soil bacteria and fungi by adopting an Illumina Miseq PE250 sequencing platform. At the time of harvest, 20 jackfruit trees were randomly selected from each test plot and weighed, and the yield per mu was estimated based on the average individual plant yield and the number of plants.
(6) The trees basically enter a stable yield period in five years after planting, and the fertilizing amount can be carried out according to a fertilizing mode in the fifth year after planting.
(7) The soil and fertilizer are applied in furrows, 2 furrows are cut along the drip line, the positions of the fertilizing furrows are changed at different periods of fertilization, soil is backfilled after fertilization, and water is timely filled after topdressing.
Comparative example 1
The traditional fertilizing method is adopted to fertilize the mature fruit trees of the jackfruit. Other management measures are consistent with the embodiments:
TABLE 4 fertilization protocol for jack fruit 1-5 years after planting of comparative example 1
Comparative example 2
The formula shown in table 5 is adopted to fertilize mature fruit trees of jackfruit. Other management measures are consistent with the embodiments:
TABLE 5 fertilization protocol for jack fruit 1-5 years after planting in comparative example 1
The present invention measures the physical and chemical conditions of the orchard soil, the application amount of the fertilizer and the yield in the first year (third year after planting) of the results of jackfruit of the examples and the comparative examples, and the results are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 soil physicochemical conditions, fertilizer application amounts and yields of jackfruit orchards of examples and comparative examples
The orchard soil physicochemical conditions, fertilizer application amounts and yields in the second year (fourth year after planting) of the results of jackfruit of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 soil physicochemical conditions, fertilizer application amounts and yields of jackfruit orchards of examples and comparative examples
The orchard soil physicochemical conditions, fertilizer application amounts and yields in the third year (fifth year after planting) of the results of jackfruit of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 soil physicochemical conditions, fertilizer application amounts and yields of jackfruit orchards of examples and comparative examples
According to the embodiments, the fertilizing proportions in different periods are formulated according to the growth and development rules of the jack fruit, so that the growth requirements of the jack fruit are met, the problems of fertilizer waste, soil quality reduction caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and the like are solved, the yield is increased, and the soil quality is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Fertilizers adopted in the full growth period of the jackfruit comprise a fertilizer in a tree-keeping period, a fertilizer in a flower bud differentiation period and a fertilizer in a fruiting period of five years after planting;
the fertilizer for the tree-growing period comprises an organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of (20-40) - (0.8-1.7) - (0.8-1.2)2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g/kg of organic matters–1，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg–1，P2O5(47.0～47.5)g·kg–1，K2O(12.6～13.2)g·kg–1；
The fertilizer for flower bud differentiation stage comprises borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 12O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer;
the fruiting period fertilizer comprises 12(N) -11 (P)2O5)-18(K2O) high-potassium compound fertilizer.
2. The fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer for the tree-raising period comprises 20 (0.8-1.7) to (0.8-1.2) of organic fertilizer by mass ratio、15(N)-15(P2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the fertilizer for flower bud differentiation stage comprises borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 12O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
3. The fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising a foliar spray;
the spraying liquid on the leaf back is independently selected from mixed liquid and (0.1-0.3) wt% of chelated calcium solution;
the mixed solution is a mixed solution of (0.2-0.4) wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and (0.1-0.3) wt% of boric acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution is (0.03-0.06): (0.01-0.03).
4. The fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the monopotassium phosphate, the boric acid and the chelated calcium is 0.06:0.02: 0.02.
5. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 480 g-kg organic matter–1，N 15.6g·kg–1，P2O5 47.2g·kg–1，K2O12.9 g·kg–1。
6. A fertilizing method for the full growth period of jackfruit comprises the following steps:
fertilizing the jackfruit seedlings according to the seedling stage in the first year after planting, wherein the adopted fertilizers comprise organic fertilizers and 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of 10:0.52O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 480 g.kg of organic matters–1，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg–1，P2O5(47.0～47.5)g·kg–1，K2O(12.6～13.2)g·kg–1；
Fertilizing in the next year after planting according to the seedling stage, wherein the adopted fertilizers comprise 15 (0.8-1.2) of organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer;
fertilizing in three growth periods in the third year after planting, picking fruits in 9-11 months of tree growing period, pruning branches, and applying the organic fertilizer and the 15(N) -15 (P) in a mass ratio of 20 (0.8-1.2) to 0.8-1.22O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 1 are applied for 1-2 months in the flower bud differentiation stage2O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.3-0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant;
in the fourth year after planting, fruits are picked in 9-11 months of tree raising period, and the organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) are applied according to the mass ratio of 30 (1.3-1.7) to (0.8-1.2) after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 1 are applied for 1-2 months in the flower bud differentiation stage2O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.3-0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant;
in the fifth year after planting, fruits are picked in 9-11 months of tree raising period, and the organic fertilizer and 15(N) -15 (P) are applied according to the mass ratio of 40 (1.3-1.7) to (0.8-1.2) after pruning branches2O5)-15(K2O) compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; borax, magnesium sulfate and 10(N) -20 (P) in a mass ratio of (0.08-0.12): 1 are applied for 1-2 months in the flower bud differentiation stage2O5)-20(K2O) high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; administration of 12(N) -11 (P) in the fruiting period2O5)-18(K2O) 0.3-0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant;
and entering a stable birth period in the fifth year after planting.
7. The fertilization method according to claim 6, wherein in the third, fourth and fifth years after planting, after the flower bud differentiation period, mixed solution of (0.04-0.09) kg/plant is sprayed on the leaf back for 2 times, and 1 time is sprayed every 15 days; the mixed solution is a mixed solution of (0.2-0.4) wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and (0.1-0.3) wt% of boric acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution is (0.03-0.06): (0.01-0.03);
after the mixed solution is sprayed for 1 time, 0.01-0.03 kg/plant of 0.1-0.3 wt% chelated calcium solution is sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 7 days, and the mixed solution is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days.
8. The fertilization method according to claim 6, wherein in the third, fourth and fifth years after planting, mixed liquor of 0.04-0.09 kg/plant is sprayed on the leaf back 2 times in the fruiting period, and 1 time is sprayed every 15 days; the mixed solution is a mixed solution of (0.2-0.4) wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and (0.1-0.3) wt% of boric acid solution, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed solution is (0.03-0.06): (0.01-0.03);
spraying 0.01-0.03 kg/plant of 0.1-0.3 wt% chelated calcium solution 2 times every 7 days, and spraying 1 time every 15 days.
9. The fertilization method according to claim 6, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied once in the first and second years after planting; 15(N) -15 (P)2O5)-15(K2O) is applied in 4 times in equal amount.
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