CN102498814A - Fertilizer application method for inhibiting continuous cropping disease of tomato and cotton in dry district - Google Patents
Fertilizer application method for inhibiting continuous cropping disease of tomato and cotton in dry district Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498814A CN102498814A CN2011103707557A CN201110370755A CN102498814A CN 102498814 A CN102498814 A CN 102498814A CN 2011103707557 A CN2011103707557 A CN 2011103707557A CN 201110370755 A CN201110370755 A CN 201110370755A CN 102498814 A CN102498814 A CN 102498814A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer application method for inhibiting continuous cropping disease of tomato and cotton in dry district, which comprises a basic fertilizer application step and a top application step. The basic fertilizer is prepared by natural mineral powder and chemical fertilizer, the mineral powder and the chemical fertilizer are uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 55 to 70 percent: 30 to 45 percent to be used as the basic fertilizer, 50 kilograms of basic fertilizer are applied per Mu, subsoiling is carried out during the autumn ploughing in the first year, and the application depth of the fertilizer is 25cm; about 4 to 6 times of top application is carried out for plants by adopting a drop irrigation way at different growth periods of tomato and cotton, five kilograms of the fertilizer are applied at the flowering period, the topdressing quantity is gradually increased every time, and the final general quantity of the fertilizer is 50 kilograms per Mu. After the technology is applied to the tomato, the red period of the tomato can be advanced for five days, the yield of the tomato is improved by 20.6 percent in a small field trial, and bacteria speck disease, early blight disease and cotton bollworm of the tomato can be simultaneously prevented. After the technology is applied to the continuous cropping cotton, the greensickness of the cotton can be effectively controlled, budding period, bolling period and boll opening period of the cotton can also be promoted to be earlier than expected, the breeding period can be shortened, the final yield can be increased by 4.3 percent, and the disease-prevention and yield increase effect on the cotton can be better by continuously adopting the technology for multiple years.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the intensive agriculture production technical field; Relate in particular to a kind of fertilizing method that suppresses arid area tomato and cotton continuous cropping disease; This method can be prevented and treated arid area continuous cropping processing tomato and cotton disease; And can upgrading the fertilizer practice of raising the output, be used for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle problem of arid area processing tomato and cotton specially.
Background technology
The high strength utilization of soil, and with the unmatched a large amount of even excessive fertilization of crop new varieties, caused many arable soils the serious health problem to occur.The one, soil physics is degenerated, and comprises that structure deterioration, cultivated soil layer shoal, and water, vapour, thermal conditioning ability are degenerated; The 2nd, soil chemistry is degenerated, and comprises nutrient imbalance, soil acidification, secondary salinization, soil pollution etc.; The 3rd, the soil organisms functional deterioration comprises the minimizing of soil organisms diversity, the minimizing of beneficial organism population, causal organism accumulation, the decline of soil nutrient conversion capability etc.Under the especially intensification condition of modern agriculture; The degeneration of Soil Fertility Quality and soil environment quality mainly is because the result that soil self repair function is degenerated under excessive fertilization and the laxative condition; Show as the macroelement accumulation; Middle microelement deficiencies, thus cause soil nutrient elements uneven, the decline of soil nutrient conversion capability.Simultaneously; Under nutrient height lack of balance and soil quality impaired condition, plant root growth sharply descends with absorption moisture, nutrient ability, causes plant health to go wrong; Disease and insect resistance and the decline of other adverse circumstance ability, thus tangible degradation phenomena takes place in field ecosystem.
Therefore, revert to core with soil health, the technology of repairing the degenerated soil ecosystem under the high strength utilization through " balance fertilizing " is a kind of practical approach that solves continuous cropping obstacle from the source.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves:
The present invention is directed to the problem on obstacle that arid area processing tomato and cotton continuous cropping produce, a kind of continuous cropping diseases that effectively overcomes is provided, increase the fertilizing method of tomato and output of cotton.
Technical scheme:
A kind of fertilizing method that suppresses arid area tomato and cotton continuous cropping disease is made up of the base manure and the two parts that topdress, and said base manure is made into by natural mineral powder and chemical fertilizer; Used natural mineral powder is 100 order grain size groups compounds, by quartzy 5-15 mass parts, and apatite 10-20 mass parts; Hydromica 5-10 mass parts, vermiculite 3-5 mass parts, chlorite 10-15 mass parts; Smectite 12-15 mass parts, attapulgite 5-10 mass parts and kaolinite 5-10 mass parts are formed; Chemical fertilizer is diamines and/or urea; Natural mineral powder and chemical fertilizer are evenly used 50 kilograms as base manure according to every mu in the back according to the mass ratio fusion of 55-70%:30-45%, when autumn ploughing in 1 year, plough deeply, and fertilization depth is 25cm; Adopt the mode of drip irrigation that plant is carried out topdressing for 4-6 time in the different growing of tomato and cotton, since flowering stage each 5 kilograms increase topdressing amount one by one, and the total amount of topdressing is 50 kilograms every mu.
When diamines and urea used simultaneously in the chemistry fertilizer, the mass ratio of diamines and urea was 60-75%:25-40%.
The nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient of used fertilizer of topdressing is not less than 45%wt, and the content range of nutrient is that N is 35-40%wt, P
2O
5Be 4-10%wt, K
2O is 6-10%wt.
?
Beneficial effect:
The used natural mineral powder of this fertilizing method is the dusty material of nontoxic pollution-free environmental protection.Contain the required a large amount of and middle trace element of plant growing, and various nutrient element ratio is suitable, the long-term balance that helps the soil nutrient element of using.After using on the tomato, can make the 5 days in advance haw phase of tomato, output improves 20% in the small plot experiment, and can prevent and treat the cotton bollworm of bacterial spot of tomato, early blight and tomato simultaneously.Simultaneously, use fertilizing method of the present invention can make the cotton prematurity flower bud, early tie bell, blow-of-cottons early, reduction in the life period.Can also control the generation of cotton verticillium wilt, and make lint yield increase by 4.3%.
Embodiment
The mineral powder (by quartzy 5-15 mass parts, apatite 10-20 mass parts, hydromica 5-10 mass parts; Vermiculite 3-5 mass parts; Chlorite 10-15 mass parts, smectite 12-15 mass parts, attapulgite 5-10 mass parts; Kaolinite 5-10 mass parts is formed) evenly back as base manure with chemical fertilizer (diamines of 60-75%:25-40% and the mixture of urea) according to the mass ratio fusion of 55-70%:30-45%; Use 50 kilograms according to every mu, when autumn ploughing in 1 year, plough deeply, fertilization depth is 25cm; Adopt the mode of drip irrigation that plant is carried out topdressing for 4-6 time in the different growing of tomato and cotton, since flowering stage each 5 kilograms increase topdressing amount one by one, and the total amount of topdressing is 50 kilograms every mu.
In flowering stage, the phase of bearing fruit, the haw phase of tomato with adopt the mode of drip irrigation the full bearing period, with nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient>fertilizer of 45% wt carries out 5 times to plant and topdresses.Since each 5 kilograms of flowering stage, elongated along with breeding time increases topdressing amount gradually, and the full bearing period, each fertilizer amount was maximum, each 12 kilograms.Total topdressing amount is 50 kilograms every mu.
This carries out time topdressing to plant in squaring period, flowering stage, the knot bell phase of cotton and the mode that adopts drip irrigation the term of opening bolls; Since each 5 kilograms of flowering stage; The rule that increases progressively according to fertilizing amount in above-mentioned 4 periods, according to the cotton plant growing way, every mu is always topdressed 50 kilograms.
?
Embodiment 1
Fertilizer test is carried out in the plot of stubble plantation processing tomato and cotton respectively before choosing, when autumn ploughing in 1 year the mineral powder (by quartzy 2.5kg, apatite 5kg; Hydromica 2.5kg, vermiculite 1.5kg, chlorite 5kg; Smectite 6kg; Attapulgite 2.5kg and kaolinite 2.5kg form) and 22.5kg chemical fertilizer (diamines: urea=65%:35%) bury by ploughing deeply after the fusion evenly, every mu of amount of application is 50 kilograms, fertilization depth is 25cm.Adopt the seeding method of under-film drip irrigation 1 year spring, kind is buried for " golden red really No. 3 " processing tomato and " new land early No. 42 " sowing, and dripped the sufficient water of emerging the same day.
According to tomato (flowering stage, the phase of bearing fruit, haw phase and the full bearing period) and cotton (squaring period, flowering stage and knot bell phase) breeding time, adopt the mode of drip irrigation in each period, using nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient>45% wt drip irrigation fertilizer carries out 5 times to plant and topdresses.Since each 5 kilograms of flowering stage, elongated along with breeding time increases topdressing amount gradually, and the full bearing period, each fertilizer amount was maximum, each 12 kilograms.Total topdressing amount is 50 kilograms every mu.
The present invention can promote tomato all to do sth. in advance each breeding time.The squaring period of tomato from after planting 27 days ahead of time by 25 days, all shifted to an earlier date 1 day with first fruit phase flowering stage, shifted to an earlier date 2 days the full bearing period, and the haw phase done sth. in advance 5 days (table 1).Explain that this invention can promote the premature ripening of tomato, in advance listing.
The used fertilization mode of table 1 the present invention is to the tomato effect * of breeding time
| Handle | Seeding stage | Squaring period | Flowering stage | The first fruit phase | The full bearing period | The haw phase |
| Contrast | 9 | 27 | 38 | 66 | 84 | 102 |
| The present invention | 9 | 25 | 37 | 65 | 82 | 97 |
* annotate: tomato variety be " golden red really No. 3 ", and data are fate after planting in the table.
The present invention also can promote cotton development stage in advance.The squaring period of cotton from after planting 41 days ahead of time by 40 days, all shifted to an earlier date 2 day with the knot bell phase flowering stage, done sth. in advance 3 days (table 2) term of opening bolls.Explain that this invention can promote the results ahead of time of cotton.
The used fertilization mode of table 2 the present invention is to the effect * of cotton development stage
| Handle | Seeding stage | Squaring period | Flowering stage | The knot bell phase | The term of opening bolls |
| Contrast | 9 | 41 | 72 | 97 | 126 |
| The present invention | 9 | 40 | 70 | 95 | 123 |
* annotate: cotton variety is " new land early No. 42 ", and data are fate after planting in the table.
Embodiment 2
Fertilizer test is carried out in the plot of stubble plantation processing tomato and cotton respectively before choosing, when autumn ploughing in 1 year the mineral powder (by quartzy 5.25kg, apatite 7kg; Hydromica 3.5kg; Vermiculite 1.75kg, chlorite 5.25kg, smectite 5.25kg; Attapulgite 3.5kg and kaolinite 3.5kg form) even with 15kg chemical fertilizer (mass ratio of diamines and urea mixed fertilizer is 60%:40%) fusion afterwards as base manure; According to 50 kilograms every mu, when autumn ploughing in 1 year, to plough deeply and bury, fertilization depth is 25cm.Different growing in tomato and cotton; The mode that adopts drip irrigation carries out time topdressing (use nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient>45%wt drip irrigation fertile) to plant, since each 5 kilograms of flowering stage, according to the cotton plant growing way; According to the rule that fertilizing amount increases progressively, every mu is always topdressed 50 kilograms.
Can find out that from table 3 the used fertilization mode of the present invention can be prevented and treated the insect pest of processing tomato several diseases simultaneously.Wherein the preventive effect to bacterial speck is 19.00%; Preventive effect to early blight of tomato is 30.72%, and to the preventive effect of cotton bollworm up to 50.90%, visible fertilization mode of the present invention can strengthen the resistance of tomato plant to damage by disease and insect; Keep the plant health growth, and then increase its output.
The used fertilization mode of table 3 the present invention is sick to tomato, the preventive effect of insect pest
| Handle | Bacterial speck (%) | Early blight (%) | Cotton bollworm (%) |
| Contrast | / | / | / |
| The present invention | 19.00 | 30.72 | 50.90 |
Can find out by table 4, compare that fertilizer practice of the present invention can reach 12.5% to the control efficiency of cotton verticillium wilt with contrast.And cotton verticillium wilt is the disease of a kind of very difficult control on the cotton, is commonly called as cotton " cancer ", and up to 12.5%, this provides an approach for the control of cotton verticillium wilt to fertilization mode of the present invention, has great significance aborning to its preventive effect.
The used fertilization mode of table 4 the present invention is to the preventive effect of cotton verticillium wilt
| Handle | Investigation strain number | Disease index (%) | Preventive effect (%) |
| Contrast | 15519 | 32.00 | / |
| The present invention | 15360 | 28.00 | 12.50 |
Embodiment 3
Stubble is the plot of plantation processing tomato and cotton before choosing, the mineral powder (by quartzy 4kg, apatite 6kg; Hydromica 3kg, vermiculite 1.6kg, chlorite 5.1kg; Smectite 5.5kg, attapulgite 3kg and kaolinite 3kg form) even afterwards as base manure, with 50 kilograms every mu with 18.8kg chemical fertilizer (mass ratio of diamines and urea mixed fertilizer is 75%:25%) fusion; When autumn ploughing in 1 year, plough deeply and bury, fertilization depth is 25cm.Different growing in tomato and cotton; The mode that adopts drip irrigation carries out time topdressing (use nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient>drip irrigation of 45%wt fertile) to plant, since each 5 kilograms of flowering stage, according to the cotton plant growing way; According to the rule that fertilizing amount increases progressively, every mu is always topdressed 50 kilograms.
Visible from table 5, the used fertilization mode of the present invention can increase the single fruit weight of tomato, has on average increased by 9.7 grams, and every strain tomato bears fruit to count has increased by 4, and per mu yield has increased by 0.7 ton, and effect of increasing production reaches 20.6%.So the used fertilization mode of the present invention can increase the output of tomato greatly, improve peasant's income, have important effect to safeguarding local social stability.
The used fertilization mode of table 5 the present invention is to the influence of tomato yield
| Handle | Single fruit weight (g) | Individual plant is beared fruit and is counted (individual) | Per mu yield (ton) | Rate of growth (%) |
| Contrast | 53.1 | 26 | 3.4 | — |
| The present invention | 62.8 | 30 | 4.1 | 20.6 |
Can find out that from table 6 fertilizer practice of the present invention is benefited to improving the output of cotton correlated traits.Compare with control treatment, can make the single bell of cotton heavily increase 0.2g, ginning outturn improves 0.4%, and seed cotton yield improves 9 kilograms for every mu, and lint yield improves 4.5 kilograms for every mu, and the rate of growth of gined cotton can reach 4.3%.
The used fertilization mode of table 6 the present invention is to the influence of output of cotton
| Handle | Dan Lingchong (g) | Ginning outturn (%) | Seed cotton yield (kg/ mu) | Lint yield (kg/ mu) | Rate of growth (%) |
| Contrast | 4.6 | 38.4 | 271 | 104.1 | — |
| The present invention | 4.8 | 38.8 | 280 | 108.6 | 4.3 |
Aspects such as comprehensive growth rate of cotton plant situation, occurring degree and output draw; If technology of the present invention can be applied in the cotton producing region of China; Effect of increasing production according to 4%; Considerable economic will be produced, and should technology also the cotton premature ripening can be promoted, problem thereby the underproduction of avoiding frost to bring effectively degrades.It is better to disease-preventing and yield-increasing and the cotton field reclamation result of cotton that this kind fertilization mode is adopted in utilization for years.
Claims (3)
1. a fertilizing method that suppresses arid area tomato and cotton continuous cropping disease is characterized in that being made up of the base manure and the two parts that topdress, and said base manure is made into by natural mineral powder and chemical fertilizer; Used natural mineral powder is 100 order grain size groups compounds, by quartzy 5-15 mass parts, and apatite 10-20 mass parts; Hydromica 5-10 mass parts, vermiculite 3-5 mass parts, chlorite 10-15 mass parts; Smectite 12-15 mass parts, attapulgite 5-10 mass parts and kaolinite 5-10 mass parts are formed; Chemical fertilizer is diamines and/or urea; Natural mineral powder and chemical fertilizer are evenly used 50 kilograms as base manure according to every mu in the back according to the mass ratio fusion of 55-70%:30-45%, when autumn ploughing in 1 year, plough deeply, and fertilization depth is 25cm; Adopt the mode of drip irrigation that plant is carried out topdressing for 4-6 time in the different growing of tomato and cotton, since flowering stage each 5 kilograms increase topdressing amount one by one, and the total amount of topdressing is 50 kilograms every mu.
2. the fertilizing method of inhibition according to claim 1 arid area processing tomato and cotton continuous cropping disease, when it is characterized in that diamines and urea use simultaneously in the chemical fertilizer, the mass ratio of diamines and urea is 60-75%:25-40%.
3. the fertilizing method of inhibition according to claim 1 arid area processing tomato and cotton continuous cropping disease, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient of the used fertilizer that it is characterized in that topdressing is not less than 45%wt.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102634344A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-15 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil conditioner for cultivation of medicinal chrysanthemum and application of soil conditioner |
| CN102763516A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Disease prevention and production increase fertilizing method for purple yams |
| CN102763515A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Fertilizing method for promoting production increase and quality improvement of perennial apples |
| CN103392477A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-20 | 安徽向荣农林生态产业有限公司 | Tomato planting method |
| CN103964974A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-06 | 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 | Special cotton fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102634344A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-15 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil conditioner for cultivation of medicinal chrysanthemum and application of soil conditioner |
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| CN102763515A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Fertilizing method for promoting production increase and quality improvement of perennial apples |
| CN102763515B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Fertilizing method for promoting production increase and quality improvement of perennial apples |
| CN102763516B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Disease prevention and production increase fertilizing method for purple yams |
| CN103392477A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-20 | 安徽向荣农林生态产业有限公司 | Tomato planting method |
| CN103964974A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-06 | 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 | Special cotton fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103964974B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-10 | 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer special for cotton and preparation method thereof |
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