CN102845270A - Organic rice cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic rice cultivation method, which comprises the following four steps of: 1) rice seedling raising, 2) fertilizer application; 3) reasonable close planting and 4) field management. The organic rice cultivation method is characterized in that the step of fertilizer application comprises the following two sub-steps of: 1) preparing and applying composted farmyard manure: evenly spraying microbial manure into farmyard manure, covering the farmyard manure with a plastic film, processing for 21 days to obtain the composted farmyard manure and then applying the composted farmyard manure in a paddy field; and 2) applying microbial manure: applying the microbial manure in the paddy field with water depth being less than 3cm and transplanting rice seedlings 15 days later after the microbial manure is applied. The organic rice cultivation method has the advantages that the heavy-metal ions and the chemical residues thereof in soil can be eliminated; the caking and the desertification of the soil can be gradually eliminated, the content of organic matters is improved, the pH (potential of hydrogen) is regulated, the granular structure is optimized and the breeding of harmful pathogenic bacteria is inhibited; the nutrients are sufficient; and a large quantity of nitrogen elements in air and various intrinsic elements in the soil are fully utilized, and low-carbon, environmental-friendly, sustainable, circular and high-efficiency agricultural economy is formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically, relate to a kind of organic paddy rice cultivation method.
Background technology
A large amount of chemical fertilizer (such as fertilizer such as carbon ammonium, superphosphate, composite fertilizer, potash fertilizer and urea) that use in the rice cropping, various nutrient supplies are uneven, and Crop is extremely limited; And the fertilizer of using is greatly by soil fixing, thereby causes significant wastage.Soil itself just contains heavy metal ion, and chemical pesticide is reused in a large number for a long time and killed the edaphon bacterial strain simultaneously, thereby causes soil compaction, output power to descend heavy metal ion and residue of pesticide increased content, ecotope serious unbalance; These problems also can increase the weight of the generation of damage by disease and insect, and the damage by disease and insect that produces for dispensary needs to use a large amount of chemical pesticides, causes soil fertility further to worsen, and has also increased the fertilising cost; Rice Cropping just steps into more and output is lower, benefit the is poorer vicious circle of fertilising; And the paddy rice color and luster of producing is bad, particle is not full, mouthfeel is bad, and What is more can the serious threat health.
Now microorganism fertilizer has caused people's extensive concern as complete, the effective organic manure of a kind of function, in fertilizer, add microorganism, utilize vital movement or the metabolite of microorganism, can promote the conversion of some nutriments in the soil, play the growing process of stimulating plant, improve output, improve quality, culture fertility, the effect of improvement soil environment and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Present microorganism fertilizer also by single type to compound conversion.In environmental problem increasingly serious today, the improvement of soil pollution and the improvement of soil ecology seem very urgent and critical to agricultural production; And how better to utilize microorganism fertilizer that soil heavy metal ion is fixed and adsorb parcel, particularly how better to utilize microorganism fertilizer that the heavy metal ion in the soil and residue of pesticide are carried out detoxification treatment, to supporting on kind limit, soil limit, the research that indirectly improves soil enzyme activities and soil fertility rarely has in the prior art to be mentioned and reports.
Summary of the invention
Use in a large number the contaminated environment that chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals cause and affect the problem such as health for solving above traditional rice cultivating method, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-quality rice cultivating method of pollution-free, useful health.
The present invention seeks to realize like this:
The organic paddy rice cultivation method, comprise (1) and cultivate rice shoot, (2) Term Fertilization, (3) rational close planting, four steps of (4) field management, its key is: described Term Fertilization was divided into for two steps: the first step is the preparation of well-rotted farmyard manure and uses: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml evenly is sprayed in the 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process making after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in the rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu in the rice field of the depth of water less than 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.Wherein said Term Fertilization essential condition is:
1) described microorganism fertilizer is the first microorganism fertilizer in emerald green capital.The Reproduction Conditions that satisfies microbial strains in this fertilizer is crucial.
2) storage temperature of described microorganism fertilizer is 0-45 ℃.
3) the minimum soil temperature used of described microorganism fertilizer is 10 ℃.In this temperature range, growth of microorganism breeding in the microorganism fertilizer rapidly, and suppressed the breeding of harmful germ, and improved the elimination efficient of microorganism to heavy metal ion and other chemical residual, be conducive to intrinsic various elements in nitrogen element in the microorganism fixed air and the soil.
4) content of organic matter of soil is more than 2%.Not only for crop provides sufficient organic matter, also provide growth and breeding required food source for the microbial strains in the microorganism fertilizer.
Above-mentioned soil organic matter content is when being lower than 2%, and the well-rotted farmyard manure amount of application is 1500 kg/acres; When soil organic matter content was higher than 3%, the well-rotted farmyard manure amount of application was 1000 kg/acres.
When mentioned microorganism fertilizer is used in the disease rice field that the content of organic matter is lower than 2% barren rice field, sandy rice field, continuously farming, because of microbial strains breeding difficulty, must accompany the content of organic matter of executing well-rotted farmyard manure or improving soil without the fertilizer of other chemical additives.
Using of mentioned microorganism fertilizer can not replace cultivation management, because kind is different, drought, soil are too barren, be negligent of daily cultivation management, natural calamity and the factors such as fertilising operating technology regulation, random pesticide grown of violating can cause the not obvious or underproduction of fertilization effect, so the strict implement organic paddy rice operational procedure of must strengthening management.
Above-mentioned cultivation rice shoot process is:
1) kind is selected: select the high-grade rice kind that agronomy is good, disease-resistant performance strong, plant suitable this locality, as: Chongqing, southwest fragrant 203 and interior excellent 2550 etc.
2) seed treatment: basked seeds first 1～2 day, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 2～3 days, with the diseases such as the prevention of water rice bakanae disease, Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice, again vernalization.
3) proper seeding: in February 25 between March 5 sowing, the hybrid rice seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre; The conventional Rice seeding quantity is 1.2 kg/acres.
Above-mentioned rational close planting process is: begin when rice shoot grows to 5～6 leaf to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 * 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strains.
Above-mentioned field management concrete operations are comprised of following steps:
1) at first is that employing in 40-50 days bleeds off after filling with a water at once before rice transplanting, when beginning to turn white to the limit, field, carries out 1 time and turn over, bring out weeds; Then be to transplant 10-15 days eve, manually rooting out the weeds of bringing out.
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields: select the strong duck kind of mobility, educate altogether synchronously with rice planting, every mu of cultivation 10-15 only; The group duck can eat up most of insect and weeds Tanaka, because the smell of duck excrement and duck body can suppress the generation of damage by disease and insect, can also carry out good florescence regulating action simultaneously in addition.
3) water starch management: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, the water layer height is 3-5cm, is strictly on guard against dehydration; Later stage of tillering is put the field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; The rear shallow irrigation that adopts of heading, the water layer height is 2-3cm, waters rear naturally dried, rewaters, and has not only reached and has watered the purpose that paddy rice guarantees rice quality, can also be with seedling pressure grass, with the careless inhibition of hydraulic pressure weed growth.
4) per 30 mu 1 of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed, trapping field phototaxis insect, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp.
5) protect the natural enemies such as spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia, and utilize the population quantity of their Control pests.
6) strengthen monitoring, perfect pest forecasting system, accurately grasp insect pest situation, carry out control up to standard; When damage by disease and insect is serious, in time sprays the BT thuringiensis bacillus powder and prevent and cure diseases, spray botanical pesticide 0.5% matrine water solvent desinsection, emphasis do a good job of it 1,2 generation snout moth's larva, 2 generation leaf-roller and 2 generation plant hopper control, with the Control pests radix.
Following table is assay report of the present invention:
Beneficial effect:
Organic paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention can be eliminated the various elements that heavy metal ion in the soil and chemical residual thereof, activation have been fixed; Exempt from deep ploughing, but successive elimination soil compaction, desertification improves organicly, regulates pH value, optimizes granular structure, suppresses harmful germ reproduction; Nutrient supply is sufficient, and the paddy rice growing way is vigorous; Product quality is high, takes full advantage of various elements intrinsic in nitrogen elements a large amount of in the air and the soil, forms the high-efficiency agriculture economy of low-carbon (LC), environmental protection, continuable, circulation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) cultivate rice shoot:
1) kind is selected: select the high-grade rice kind Chongqing fragrant 203 that agronomy is good, disease-resistant performance strong, plant suitable southwest;
2) seed treatment: basked seeds first 1 day, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 2 days, again vernalization;
3) proper seeding: sowing on February 25, seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre.
(2) Term Fertilization:
Be divided into for two steps: the first step is the preparation of well-rotted farmyard manure and uses: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml evenly is sprayed in the 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process making after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in the rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu in the rice field of the depth of water less than 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.
(3) rational close planting:
Begin when rice shoot grows to 5 leaf to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 * 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strains.
(4) field management:
1) at first is after rice transplanting adopted water of filling in front 40 days, to bleed off, when beginning to turn white to the limit, field, carries out 1 time and turn over, bring out weeds at once; Then be to transplant 10 days eve, manually rooting out the weeds of bringing out;
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields: select the strong duck kind of mobility, tiller at rice planting and put into paddy field aquaculture after finishing, 10 of every mu of cultivation;
3) water starch management: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, the water layer height is 3cm, is strictly on guard against dehydration; Later stage of tillering is put the field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; Adopt shallow irrigation after the heading, the water layer height is 2cm, waters rear naturally dried, rewaters;
4) per 30 mu 1 of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp;
5) protect the natural enemies such as spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia, and utilize the population quantity of their Control pests;
6) strengthen monitoring, perfect pest forecasting system, accurately grasp insect pest situation, carry out control up to standard; When damage by disease and insect is serious, in time sprays the BT thuringiensis bacillus powder and prevent and cure diseases, spray botanical pesticide 0.5% matrine water solvent desinsection, emphasis do a good job of it 1,2 generation snout moth's larva, 2 generation leaf-roller and 2 generation plant hopper control, with the Control pests radix.
Embodiment 2
(1) cultivate rice shoot:
1) kind is selected: select the high-grade rice kind interior excellent 2550 that economical character is good, disease-resistant performance strong, plant suitable southwest;
2) seed treatment: basked seeds first 2 days, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 3 days, again vernalization;
3) proper seeding: sowing on March 5, seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre.
(2) Term Fertilization:
Be divided into for two steps: the first step is the preparation of well-rotted farmyard manure and uses: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml evenly is sprayed in the 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process making after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in the rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu in the rice field of the depth of water less than 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.
(3) rational close planting:
Begin when rice shoot grows to 6 leaf to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 * 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strains.
(4) field management:
1) at first is after rice transplanting adopted water of filling in front 50 days, to bleed off, when beginning to turn white to the limit, field, and carries out 1 time and turn over, bring out weeds at once; Then be to transplant 15 days eve, manually rooting out the weeds of bringing out;
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields: select the strong duck kind of mobility, tiller at rice planting and put into paddy field aquaculture after finishing, 15 of every mu of cultivation;
3) water starch management: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, the water layer height is 5cm, is strictly on guard against dehydration; Later stage of tillering is put the field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; Adopt shallow irrigation after the heading, the water layer height is 3cm, waters rear naturally dried, rewaters;
4) per 30 mu 1 of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp;
5) protect the natural enemies such as spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia, and utilize the population quantity of their Control pests;
6) strengthen monitoring, perfect pest forecasting system, accurately grasp insect pest situation, carry out control up to standard; When damage by disease and insect is serious, in time sprays the BT thuringiensis bacillus powder and prevent and cure diseases, spray botanical pesticide 0.5% matrine water solvent desinsection, emphasis do a good job of it 1,2 generation snout moth's larva, 2 generation leaf-roller and 2 generation plant hopper control, with the Control pests radix.
Claims (6)
1. organic paddy rice cultivation method, comprise (1) and cultivate rice shoot, (2) Term Fertilization, (3) rational close planting, four steps of (4) field management, it is characterized in that: described Term Fertilization was divided into for two steps: the first step is the preparation of well-rotted farmyard manure and uses: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml evenly is sprayed in the 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process making after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in the rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu in the rice field of the depth of water less than 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days; Wherein said Term Fertilization essential condition is:
1) described microorganism fertilizer is the first microorganism fertilizer in emerald green capital;
2) storage temperature of described microorganism fertilizer is 0-45 ℃;
3) the minimum soil temperature used of described microorganism fertilizer is 10 ℃;
4) content of organic matter of soil is more than 2%.
2. described organic paddy rice cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described soil organic matter content is when being lower than 2%, and the farmyard manure amount of application is 1500 kg/acres; When the content of organic matter was higher than 3%, the farmyard manure amount of application was 1000 kg/acres.
3. described organic paddy rice cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: when described microorganism fertilizer is used, enrich farmyard manure or without the fertilizer of other chemical additives in the content of organic matter is lower than the disease rice field of 2% barren rice field, sandy rice field and continuously farming.
4. described organic paddy rice cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described cultivation rice shoot process is:
1) kind is selected: select economical character is good, disease-resistant performance strong, plant suitable this locality high-grade rice kind such as Chongqing, southwest fragrant 203 or interior excellent 2550;
2) seed treatment: basked seeds first 1-2 days, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 2-3 days, again vernalization;
3) proper seeding: in February 25 between March 5 sowing, the hybrid rice seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre, conventional Rice is 1.2 kg/acres.
5. described organic paddy rice cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described rational close planting process is: begin when rice shoot grows to 5～6 leaf to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 * 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strains.
6. described organic paddy rice cultivation method according to claim 1～5 is characterized in that described field management concrete operations are comprised of following steps:
1) at first is that employing in 40-50 days bleeds off after filling with a water at once before rice transplanting, when beginning to turn white to the limit, field, turns over, bring out weeds; Before transplanting 10-15 days, manually root out the weeds of bringing out;
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields weeding: select the strong duck kind of mobility, tiller at rice planting and put into paddy field aquaculture after finishing, every mu of cultivation 10-15 only;
3) water starch management is protected rice quality: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, the water layer height is 3-5cm; Later stage of tillering is put the field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; Adopt shallow irrigation after the heading, the water layer height is 2-3cm, waters rear naturally dried, rewaters;
4) the frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp desinsection is installed: per 30 mu 1, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp;
5) protection spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia;
6) spraying biopesticide BT thuringiensis bacillus powder prevents and cures diseases; Spray botanical pesticide matrine water solvent desinsection.
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