CN102845270B - Organic rice cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic rice cultivation method, which comprises the following four steps of: 1) rice seedling raising, 2) fertilizer application; 3) reasonable close planting and 4) field management. The organic rice cultivation method is characterized in that the step of fertilizer application comprises the following two sub-steps of: 1) preparing and applying composted farmyard manure: evenly spraying microbial manure into farmyard manure, covering the farmyard manure with a plastic film, processing for 21 days to obtain the composted farmyard manure and then applying the composted farmyard manure in a paddy field; and 2) applying microbial manure: applying the microbial manure in the paddy field with water depth being less than 3cm and transplanting rice seedlings 15 days later after the microbial manure is applied. The organic rice cultivation method has the advantages that the heavy-metal ions and the chemical residues thereof in soil can be eliminated; the caking and the desertification of the soil can be gradually eliminated, the content of organic matters is improved, the pH (potential of hydrogen) is regulated, the granular structure is optimized and the breeding of harmful pathogenic bacteria is inhibited; the nutrients are sufficient; and a large quantity of nitrogen elements in air and various intrinsic elements in the soil are fully utilized, and low-carbon, environmental-friendly, sustainable, circular and high-efficiency agricultural economy is formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically, relate to a kind of organic paddy rice cultivation method.
Background technology
A large amount of chemical fertilizer (as fertilizer such as carbon ammonium, superphosphate, composite fertilizer, potash fertilizer and urea) that use in rice cropping, various nutrient supply inequalities, Crop is extremely limited; And the fertilizer of using is greatly by soil fixing, thereby cause significant wastage.Soil itself just contains heavy metal ion, and chemical pesticide is reused in a large number and killed edaphon bacterial strain for a long time simultaneously, thereby causes soil compaction, output power to decline, heavy metal ion and residue of pesticide increased content, ecotope serious unbalance; These problems also can increase the weight of the generation of damage by disease and insect, and the damage by disease and insect producing for dispensary needs to use a large amount of chemical pesticides, causes soil fertility further to worsen, and has also increased fertilising cost; Rice Cropping just steps into more and output is lower, benefit the is poorer vicious circle of fertilising; And the paddy rice color and luster of producing is bad, particle is not full, mouthfeel is bad, What is more can serious threat health.
Now microorganism fertilizer has caused people's extensive concern as complete, the effective organic manure of a kind of function, in fertilizer, add microorganism, utilize vital movement or the metabolite of microorganism, can promote the conversion of some nutriments in soil, play the growing process of stimulating plant, improve output, improve quality, culture fertility, the effect of improvement soil environment and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Current microorganism fertilizer also by single type to compound conversion.In environmental problem increasingly serious today, the improvement of soil pollution and the improvement of soil ecology, for agricultural production, seem very urgent and critical; And how better to utilize microorganism fertilizer to be fixed soil heavy metal ion and adsorb parcel, particularly how better to utilize microorganism fertilizer to carry out detoxification treatment to the heavy metal ion in soil and residue of pesticide, kind limit, soil limit is supported, and the research that indirectly improves soil enzyme activities and soil fertility rarely has in the prior art to be mentioned and reports.
Summary of the invention
Use in a large number the contaminated environment that chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals cause and affect the problems such as health for solving above traditional rice cultivating method, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-quality rice cultivating method of pollution-free, useful health.
The present invention seeks to realize like this:
Organic paddy rice cultivation method, comprise (1) and cultivate rice shoot, (2) Term Fertilization, (3) rational close planting, four steps of (4) field management, its key is: described Term Fertilization is divided into two steps: the preparation that the first step is well-rotted farmyard manure and using: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml is evenly sprayed in 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process and make after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu and be less than in the depth of water in the rice field of 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.Wherein said Term Fertilization necessary requirement is:
1) described microorganism fertilizer is the first microorganism fertilizer in emerald green capital.The Reproduction Conditions that meets microbial strains in this fertilizer is crucial.
2) storage temperature of described microorganism fertilizer is 0-45 DEG C.
3) the minimum soil temperature that described microorganism fertilizer is used is 10 DEG C.In this temperature range, growth of microorganism breeding in microorganism fertilizer rapidly, and suppressed the breeding of harmful germ, and improve the elimination efficiency of microorganism to heavy metal ion and other chemical residual, be conducive to intrinsic various elements in nitrogen element in microorganism fixed air and soil.
4) content of organic matter of soil is more than 2%.Not only for crop provides sufficient organic matter, also for the microbial strains in microorganism fertilizer provides growth and breeding required food source.
Above-mentioned soil organic matter content is when lower than 2% time, and well-rotted farmyard manure amount of application is 1500 kgs/acre; When soil organic matter content is higher than 3% time, well-rotted farmyard manure amount of application is 1000 kgs/acre.
When mentioned microorganism fertilizer is used lower than the disease rice field of 2% barren rice field, sandy rice field, farming continuously in the content of organic matter, because of microbial strains breeding difficulty, must accompany the content of organic matter of executing well-rotted farmyard manure or improving soil without the fertilizer of other chemical additives.
Using of mentioned microorganism fertilizer can not replace cultivation management, because kind difference, drought, soil is too barren, be negligent of daily cultivation management, natural calamity and the factors such as fertilising operating technology regulation, random pesticide grown of violating can cause the not obvious or underproduction of fertilization effect, so the strict implement organic paddy rice operational procedure of must strengthening management.
Above-mentioned cultivation rice shoot process is:
1) kind is selected: select the high-grade rice kind that agronomy is good, disease-resistant performance is strong, plant suitable this locality, as: Chongqing, southwest fragrant 203 and interior excellent 2550 etc.
2) seed treatment: first bask seeds 1～2 day, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 2～3 days, with diseases such as the prevention of water rice bakanae disease, Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice, then vernalization.
3) proper seeding: February 25 to sowing between March 5, hybrid rice seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre; Conventional Rice seeding quantity is 1.2 kgs/acre.
Above-mentioned rational close planting process is: when rice shoot grows to 5～6 leaf, start to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 × 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strain.
Above-mentioned field management concrete operations are made up of following steps:
1) be first to bleed off after within 40-50 days before rice transplanting, adopting a water of filling, while starting to turn white to limit, field, carry out 1 time and turn over, bring out weeds at once; Then be to transplant eve 10-15 days, manually rooting out the weeds of bringing out.
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields: select the strong duck kind of mobility, synchronize and educate altogether with rice planting, every mu of cultivation 10-15 only; Group duck can eat up most of insect and weeds Tanaka, can suppress in addition the generation of damage by disease and insect due to the smell of duck excrement and duck body, can also carry out good florescence regulating action simultaneously.
3) water starch management: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, water layer height is 3-5cm, is strictly on guard against dehydration; Later stage of tillering is put field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; After earing, adopt shallow irrigation, water layer height is 2-3cm, naturally dry after watering, and rewaters, and has not only reached the object of pouring paddy rice guarantee rice quality, can also press grass, suppress weed growth with hydraulic pressure grass with seedling.
4) every 30 mu 1 of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed, trapping field phototaxis insect, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp.
5) protect the natural enemies such as spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia, and utilize the population quantity of their Control pests.
6) strengthen monitoring, perfect pest forecasting system, accurately grasp insect pest situation, carry out control up to standard; When damage by disease and insect is serious, sprays in time BT thuringiensis bacillus powder and prevent and cure diseases, spray botanical pesticide 0.5% matrine water solvent desinsection, emphasis do a good job of it 1,2 generation snout moth's larva, 2 generation leaf-roller and 2 generation plant hopper control, with Control pests radix.
Following table is assay report of the present invention:
Beneficial effect:
Organic paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention, can eliminate the various elements that heavy metal ion in soil and chemical residual thereof, activation have been fixed; Exempt from deep ploughing, can successive elimination soil compaction, desertification, improve organicly, regulate pH value, optimize granular structure, suppress harmful germ reproduction; Nutrient supply abundance, paddy rice growing way is vigorous; Product quality is high, takes full advantage of various elements intrinsic in nitrogen elements a large amount of in air and soil, forms the high-efficiency agriculture economy of low-carbon (LC), environmental protection, continuable, circulation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) cultivate rice shoot:
1) kind is selected: select the high-grade rice kind Chongqing fragrant 203 that agronomy is good, disease-resistant performance is strong, plant suitable southwest;
2) seed treatment: first bask seeds 1 day, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 2 days, then vernalization;
3) proper seeding: sowing on February 25, seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre.
(2) Term Fertilization:
Be divided into two steps: the preparation that the first step is well-rotted farmyard manure and using: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml is evenly sprayed in 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process and make after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu and be less than in the depth of water in the rice field of 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.
(3) rational close planting:
When rice shoot grows to 5 leaf, start to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 × 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strain.
(4) field management:
1) be first to bleed off after rice transplanting adopts a water of filling for first 40 days, while starting to turn white to limit, field, carry out 1 time and turn over, bring out weeds at once; Then be to transplant 10 days eve, manually rooting out the weeds of bringing out;
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields: select the strong duck kind of mobility, put into paddy field aquaculture after rice planting has been tillered, every mu cultivates 10;
3) water starch management: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, water layer height is 3cm, is strictly on guard against dehydration; Later stage of tillering is put field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; After heading, adopt shallow irrigation, water layer height is 2cm, naturally dry after watering, and rewaters;
4) every 30 mu 1 of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp;
5) protect the natural enemies such as spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia, and utilize the population quantity of their Control pests;
6) strengthen monitoring, perfect pest forecasting system, accurately grasp insect pest situation, carry out control up to standard; When damage by disease and insect is serious, sprays in time BT thuringiensis bacillus powder and prevent and cure diseases, spray botanical pesticide 0.5% matrine water solvent desinsection, emphasis do a good job of it 1,2 generation snout moth's larva, 2 generation leaf-roller and 2 generation plant hopper control, with Control pests radix.
Embodiment 2
(1) cultivate rice shoot:
1) kind is selected: select the high-grade rice kind interior excellent 2550 that economical character is good, disease-resistant performance is strong, plant suitable southwest;
2) seed treatment: first bask seeds 2 days, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 3 days, then vernalization;
3) proper seeding: sowing on March 5, seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre.
(2) Term Fertilization:
Be divided into two steps: the preparation that the first step is well-rotted farmyard manure and using: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml is evenly sprayed in 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process and make after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu and be less than in the depth of water in the rice field of 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days.
(3) rational close planting:
When rice shoot grows to 6 leaf, start to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 × 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strain.
(4) field management:
1) be first to bleed off after rice transplanting adopts a water of filling for first 50 days, while starting to turn white to limit, field, and carry out 1 time and turn over, bring out weeds at once; Then be to transplant 15 days eve, manually rooting out the weeds of bringing out;
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields: select the strong duck kind of mobility, put into paddy field aquaculture after rice planting has been tillered, every mu cultivates 15;
3) water starch management: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, water layer height is 5cm, is strictly on guard against dehydration; Later stage of tillering is put field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; After heading, adopt shallow irrigation, water layer height is 3cm, naturally dry after watering, and rewaters;
4) every 30 mu 1 of frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp is installed, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp;
5) protect the natural enemies such as spider, parasitic wasp and batrachia, and utilize the population quantity of their Control pests;
6) strengthen monitoring, perfect pest forecasting system, accurately grasp insect pest situation, carry out control up to standard; When damage by disease and insect is serious, sprays in time BT thuringiensis bacillus powder and prevent and cure diseases, spray botanical pesticide 0.5% matrine water solvent desinsection, emphasis do a good job of it 1,2 generation snout moth's larva, 2 generation leaf-roller and 2 generation plant hopper control, with Control pests radix.
Claims (2)
1. an organic paddy rice cultivation method, comprises (1) and cultivates rice shoot, (2) Term Fertilization, (3) rational close planting, four steps of (4) field management, it is characterized in that:
(1) cultivating rice shoot process is:
1) kind is selected: selecting the high-grade rice kind that economical character is good, disease-resistant performance is strong, plant suitable this locality is Chongqing, southwest fragrant 203 or interior excellent 2550;
2) seed treatment: the 1-2 days that first basks seeds, then with 1% limewash seed soaking 2-3 days, then vernalization;
3) proper seeding: February 25 to sowing between March 5, hybrid rice seeding quantity is 1 kg/acre, and conventional Rice is 1.2 kgs/acre;
(2) Term Fertilization is divided into two steps: the preparation that the first step is well-rotted farmyard manure and using: the microorganism fertilizer of one bottle of 80ml is evenly sprayed in 4000kg farmyard manure, covered with plastic film, process and make after 21 days, then use well-rotted farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/acre in rice field; Second step is for to use microorganism fertilizer: spray microorganism fertilizer 80ml/ mu and be less than in the depth of water in the rice field of 3cm, use rice transplanting after 15 days; Wherein said Term Fertilization necessary requirement is:
1) described microorganism fertilizer is the first microorganism fertilizer in emerald green capital;
2) storage temperature of described microorganism fertilizer is 0-45 DEG C;
3) the minimum soil temperature that described microorganism fertilizer is used is 10 DEG C;
4) content of organic matter of soil is more than 2%;
(3) soil organic matter content is when lower than 2% time, and farmyard manure amount of application is 1500 kgs/acre; When the content of organic matter is higher than 3% time, farmyard manure amount of application is 1000 kgs/acre;
(4) rational close planting process is: when rice shoot grows to 5～6 leaf, start to transplant, carry out wide-narrow row planting, spacing is 20 × 26cm, every mu of Basic Seedling 1.1～1.2 ten thousand strain;
Described field management concrete operations are made up of following steps:
1) be first to bleed off after within 40-50 days before rice transplanting, adopting a water of filling, while starting to turn white to limit, field, turn over, bring out weeds at once; 10-15 days before transplanting, manually roots out the weeds of bringing out;
2) duck-raising enclosed paddy fields weeding: select the strong duck kind of mobility, put into paddy field aquaculture after rice planting has been tillered, every mu of cultivation 10-15 only;
3) water starch management is protected rice quality: adopt Deep irrigation from rice transplanting to the early tillering stage of turning green, water layer height is 3-5cm; Later stage of tillering is put field; Adopt the diligent filling of shallow water booting stage; After heading, adopt shallow irrigation, water layer height is 2-3cm, naturally dry after watering, and rewaters;
4) frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp desinsection is installed: every 30 mu 1, from June 10 every day 18:30 to morning next day 7:00 light a lamp.
2. organic paddy rice cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when described microorganism fertilizer is used in the disease rice field lower than 2% barren rice field, sandy rice field and farming continuously in the content of organic matter, enrich farmyard manure.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103907493A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-07-09 | 王延洪 | Integrated technology for organic rice scale production |
| CN103535232A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-29 | 常熟市梅李镇香园稻米专业合作社 | Ecological rice cultivation method |
| CN103535229A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-29 | 常熟市梅李镇香园稻米专业合作社 | Green rice production method |
| CN103583291A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Cultivation method of organic rice |
| CN103749132B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-12-09 | 扬州大学 | A kind of transplanting seedling-cultivating method |
| CN103814787A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-05-28 | 太仓市金诸农业发展有限公司 | Environment-friendly cultivating method of organic paddy rice |
| CN105084962A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-25 | 喻彬 | Liangtuosibu method for producing organic agricultural product |
| CN105325223A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-17 | 崔霄龙 | Duck rice culturing technology |
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