CN110199787B - Method for simultaneously regulating and controlling flowering and beading buds of polygonum bulbiferum - Google Patents
Method for simultaneously regulating and controlling flowering and beading buds of polygonum bulbiferum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199787B CN110199787B CN201910424907.3A CN201910424907A CN110199787B CN 110199787 B CN110199787 B CN 110199787B CN 201910424907 A CN201910424907 A CN 201910424907A CN 110199787 B CN110199787 B CN 110199787B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and discloses a method for simultaneously regulating and controlling flowering and beading buds of polygonum bulbiferum. Specifically, the method comprises (1) selecting polygonum bulbiferum to grow seedlings, and spraying foliar fertilizer, gibberellin and brassinolide 2-3 months before the expected flowering phase; (2) continuously spraying salicylic acid; (3) when the polygonum bulbiferum blooms or the polygonum bulbiferum buds are formed in a proportion of more than 30%, the foliar fertilizer, the gibberellin and the brassinolide are sprayed once again. The regulation and control method can make the polygonum bulbiferum bloom in the seasons with practical demands to obtain the bulbels, and meet the demands of scale planting and production in out-of-season.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for simultaneously regulating and controlling the flowering and the pearl forming of polygonum bulbiferum.
Background
Zhuya Polygonum [ Juya ] A [ Juya Gansu ]Polygonumviviparum L.]The other names of the plants are XIEZIQI, SHANQI, and CHUNBUZI, which are perennial herb plants in Polygonum of Polygonaceae. It is widely distributed in Asia, North America and Europe, and mainly grows in Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, Jilin, inner Mongolia and Hubei at altitude of 12Grassland, river beach and shrub with the thickness of 00-5100 m. Polygonum bulboruifolium is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, and has the functions of reducing fever, stopping diarrhea, regulating menstruation, astringing and stopping bleeding by using rhizome as a medicine; the rhizome and fruit are rich in starch, and can be used for brewing wine, and the young stem and leaf can be used as feed. The whole grass is mashed and made into powder or solution which can prevent and control crop pests. Besides being used as a traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome of the polygonum bulbiferum is also a main feed for host larvae of cordyceps sinensis which is a rare medicinal material in China, so that the polygonum bulbiferum has higher economic value.
However, wild production places of the polygonum bulbiferum are located in plateau regions, the growth speed of the polygonum bulbiferum is slow due to severe weather conditions, the gradually expanded market demands are difficult to meet, meanwhile, the wild polygonum bulbiferum is dug a lot, the ecological system of the plateau meadow is damaged, and the ecological environment of the plateau regions is seriously affected. Therefore, a regulation method capable of increasing the bulbil yield of the polygonum bulbil is urgently needed, so that the demand for gradually expanding the bulbil is met, and meanwhile, the fragile meadow ecological environment in plateau zones is protected.
The time for naturally blooming and nodulating the bulbil of the polygonum bulbil is 6-9 months per year, and no bulbil is produced in the rest time, namely, the naturally blooming and nodulating the bulbil is only 1 season per year. At present, the artificial planting of the polygonum bulbiferum is mainly carried out by taking broadcast-sown bulbils as seed sources. The only relevant published reports are limited to the establishment of tissue culture asexual propagation systems of stem segments and low-altitude introduction acclimatization studies of wild seed sources. So far, no documents and patent documents about controlling the flowering phase and fruit phase of the polygonum bulbiferum to improve the yield of the polygonum bulbiferum are published and reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for simultaneously regulating and controlling flowering and beading buds of polygonum bulbiferum, which particularly controls the output time and the quantity of the beading buds of the polygonum bulbiferum by manually intervening and controlling the heading period of the polygonum bulbiferum and regulating the flowering period and the beading bud period of the polygonum bulbiferum, overcomes the limitations of the existing field planting time and harvesting time of the polygonum bulbiferum, and provides a powerful guarantee for realizing large-scale planting of the polygonum bulbiferum and developing a beading bud derived food.
The invention realizes the regulation and control of the flowering and the nodulation of the polygonum bulbiferum through the combined treatment of the leaf fertilizer and the hormone.
Specifically, the invention provides a method for simultaneously regulating and controlling the flowering and beading of polygonum bulbiferum, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Polygonum criopolitanum seedlings, and spraying foliar fertilizer and Gibberellin (GA) 2-3 months before the expected flowering phase3) Spraying the brassinolide once every 7-10 days for 2-5 times;
2) continuously spraying salicylic acid with the concentration of 100-200mg/L after the step 1), and spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days; and
3) spraying foliar fertilizer and Gibberellin (GA) again when the total ratio of only flowering and only budding of Polygonum bulbiferum to the total ratio of flowering and budding of Polygonum bulbiferum is more than 25%3) And brassinolide once.
Preferably, the step 2) of continuously spraying the salicylic acid with the concentration of 100-200mg/L is to spray the foliar fertilizer and the Gibberellin (GA) in the step 1)3) And brassinolide 2-10 days after the end.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer obtained in the steps 1) and 3) comprises a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, wherein N, P, N is in a mass ratio of (2.5-3): 1: (1.5-2), and the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is 20000-30000 mg/mu.
Preferably, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate nitrate; the phosphate fertilizer is dicalcium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate or potassium nitrate.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer of the steps 1) and 3) is a mixture of potassium nitrate, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate; or the foliar fertilizer in the steps 1) and 3) is a mixture of ammonium nitrate, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate; or the foliar fertilizer in the steps 1) and 3) is a mixture of potassium nitrate and calcium phosphate; or the foliar fertilizer in the steps 1) and 3) is a mixture of potassium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizers in the steps 1) and 3) are potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate. Preferably, in said steps 1) and 3)Gibberellins (GA)3) The dosage is 200-300 mg/mu.
Preferably, the dosage of the brassinolide in the steps 1) and 3) is 0.20-1.00 mg/mu.
Preferably, the dosage of the salicylic acid in the step 2) is 1500-3000 mg/mu.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer, gibberellin and brassinolide in the steps 1) and 3) are a mixture of a foliar fertilizer, gibberellin and brassinolide, and preferably a mixed aqueous solution of the foliar fertilizer, the gibberellin and the brassinolide.
Preferably, the environment conditions of the planting field can be as follows: the altitude is 600-2000 m, the annual average temperature is 15-25 ℃, the frost-free period is more than 250 days, the annual rainfall is more than 1000mL, and the annual illumination time is more than 1500 hours.
Preferably, the seedling of the polygonum bulbiferum in the step 1) is a healthy seedling for one year or more, and the seedling standard is as follows: the diameter of the leaf surface is 1-2 cm, and the leaf surface is dark green and strong; at least 2 stems are emitted from the root, upright and over 15 cm high; and no obvious visible insect pest and disease are generated on the plants.
In the invention, the "expected flowering phase" refers to the time when the polygonum bulbiferum is planned to bloom, for example, when the polygonum bulbiferum is planned to bloom in 3 months in the present year, the "expected flowering phase" refers to 3 months in the present year, and the "2-3 months before the expected flowering phase" refers to 12 months in the previous year and 1 month in the present year; for example, if the Polygonum nuciferum is planned to flower in 11 months of this year, "2-3 months before the expected flowering stage" means that 8 months of this year is at the end of 9 months of this year. The foliar fertilizer aims at foliar absorption, nutrients required by crops are directly applied to the foliar fertilizer, and foliar fertilization is a supplement for nutrient components absorbed by plants to make up for the deficiency of nutrient absorption of root systems. The foliar fertilizer is a nutrient substance prepared by gathering a large amount of or trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, boron, copper and the like. The foliar fertilizer of the invention comprises nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer refers to nitrogen fertilizer with nitrogen existing in nitrate form. Examples of such nitrate nitrogen fertilizers include, but are not limited to, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, or ammonium nitrate sulfate. Examples of the phosphate fertilizer include, but are not limited to, dicalcium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, or diammonium phosphate, and examples of the potassium fertilizer include, but are not limited to, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, or potassium nitrate. Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of potassium nitrate, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate; or the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium nitrate, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate; or the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of potassium nitrate and calcium phosphate; or the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of potassium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate. More preferably, the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate.
Nitrate nitrogen refers to a nitrogen element contained in nitrate and is used for supplementing a nitrogen element in agriculture. Many water soluble fertilizers contain nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen fertilizers (N fertilizers) that provide nitrate nitrogen include, but are not limited to, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and the like. The phosphate fertilizer (P fertilizer) is a fertilizer taking phosphorus (P) as a main nutrient and is called phosphorus fertilizer completely. The fertilizer efficiency (significant degree) and the fertilizer efficiency speed of the phosphate fertilizer are determined by the content of the available phosphorus pentoxide in the phosphate fertilizer, soil properties, a fertilizing method, crop types and the like. Potassium fertilizer (K fertilizer), which is called potassium (K) fertilizer, is a fertilizer taking potassium as a main nutrient, and the fertilizer efficiency is determined by the content of potassium oxide. Mainly comprises potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash, potassium epsom salt, monopotassium phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and the like.
The leaf fertilizer of the invention contains N (nitrogen): p (phosphorus): the content of K (potassium) refers to N (nitrate nitrogen) and P provided in the fertilizer2O5(phosphorus pentoxide): k2The content of O (potassium oxide), therefore, the mass ratio of N, P, K in the foliar fertilizer is N (nitrogen) and P provided in the fertilizer2O5(phosphorus pentoxide): k2Mass ratio of O (potassium oxide).
In the present invention, "the ratio of the polygonum bulbiferum to flowering or budding is about 30% or more than 30%" means that the total ratio of all the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings to flowering alone, budding alone and flowering and budding at the same time is about 30% or more than 30% compared to all the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings. For example, 1000 seedlings of the polygonum bulbiferum are grown, the proportion of the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings which only flower to the total polygonum bulbiferum seedlings is 10%, the proportion of the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings which only bear the bulbil to the total polygonum bulbiferum seedlings is 20%, the proportion of the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings which simultaneously flower and bear the bulbil to the total polygonum bulbiferum seedlings is 10%, and the proportion of the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings which flower or bear the bulbil to the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings is 40%. About 30% refers to a range within 30% ± 5%, including but not limited to 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%.
By the method for simultaneously regulating and controlling the flowering and the beading buds of the polygonum bulbiferum, the growing beading buds of the polygonum bulbiferum can be improved from 1 season in 1 year to 3-4 seasons in 1 year.
Compared with the prior planting technology, the regulation and control method provided by the invention realizes the artificial regulation and control of the flowering period and the bulbil formation period of the polygonum bulbiferum for the first time, improves the yield and quality of the output bulbil and realizes the output of the bulbil in the unnatural breeding season of the polygonum bulbiferum every year. The regulating and controlling method can lead the polygonum bulbifer to bloom in the seasons with practical demands, further obtain the bulbels, realize the output of the bulbels of the polygonum bulbifer seedlings in the unnatural reproduction seasons every year, meet the demands of off-season large-scale planting and production, and greatly optimize the allocation of manpower and resources.
Particularly, the invention utilizes the combined application of the green and environment-friendly plant growth regulator brassinolide, gibberellin and salicylic acid, greatly improves the germination rate and the uniformity of germination and seedling emergence of the bulbil polygonum hydropiper, enables the individual of the bulbil to be larger and the yield to be higher, and simultaneously improves the stress resistance, low temperature resistance and drought resistance of the bulbil polygonum hydropiper. In addition, gibberellin is cheap, and can reduce production cost.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The following are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following preferred embodiments. It should be noted that various changes and modifications based on the inventive concept herein will occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The reagents used are not indicated by manufacturers, are all conventional products which can be obtained commercially,
if not stated otherwise, the foliar fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is a mixture of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of each component of the mixture is as follows: 4:20:3.
Example 1
And (4) introducing and cultivating wild harvested tubers of the polygonum bulbiferum into seedlings. The planting density of the polygonum capitatum in the field is 50000 plants per mu. Selecting 1-2 cm leaf surface diameter in a field, and making the leaf surface dark green and strong; at least 2 stems are vertically raised from the root and are over 15 cm high; the plant has no obvious visible insect pest and disease, and 4000 seedlings of the polygonum bulbiferum grow vigorously. The 4000 polygonum nuciferum plants were randomly and evenly divided into 4 experimental groups, and 1000 plants were used in each experimental group. Spraying gibberellin, leaf fertilizer and brassinolide mixed aqueous solution once respectively in experimental group 1 at 1 month, 15 days (8-12 ℃), 23 days (7-14 ℃), 2 months, 2 days (3-12 ℃), and 11 days (4-14 ℃); the experimental group 2 is sprayed with mixed aqueous solution of leaf fertilizer and brassinolide once respectively; the experimental group 3 is respectively sprayed with mixed aqueous solutions of gibberellin, foliar fertilizer and brassinolide once; and the experimental group 4 is sprayed with mixed aqueous solutions of gibberellin and foliar fertilizer respectively once. The spraying amount of the corresponding mixed aqueous solution of each experimental group is 20L/mu, and the dosage of each reagent in each experimental group is as follows: gibberellins (GA)3)220 mg/mu, 24 g/mu of leaf fertilizer and 0.25 mg/mu of brassinolide, which are shown in the following table 1.
Salicylic acid (0.1mg/mL) is sprayed on the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 4 at 21(4-12 ℃) days and 4 (9-15 ℃) days in 2 months, and tap water is sprayed on the experimental group 3. The dosage of the salicylic acid is 2000 mg/mu, and the spraying amount is 20L/mu; the spraying amount of tap water is 20L/mu, and the specific table is shown in the following table 1.
At the early stage of heading and flowering for 3 months and 9 days (5-17 ℃), the total proportion of only flowering, only bearing and simultaneously flowering and bearing of the polygonum bulbiferum reaches about 30%, and at this time, the experiment group 1 is respectively sprayed with mixed aqueous solutions of gibberellin, foliar fertilizer and brassinolide once; the experimental group 2 is sprayed with mixed aqueous solution of leaf fertilizer and brassinolide once respectively; the experimental group 3 is respectively sprayed with mixed aqueous solutions of gibberellin, foliar fertilizer and brassinolide once; and the experimental group 4 is sprayed with mixed aqueous solutions of gibberellin and foliar fertilizer respectively once. The spraying amount of the corresponding mixed aqueous solution of each experimental group is 20L/mu, and the dosage of each reagent in each experimental group is as follows: gibberellins (GA)3)220 mg/mu, 24 g/mu of foliar fertilizer,Brassinolide 0.25 mg/acre, as shown in Table 1 below.
Naturally growing Polygonum nuciferum without spraying the above mixed aqueous solution or salicylic acid was used as a control.
Experimental group 1: at 3 months and 24 days (13-21 deg.C), 80% of the Polygonum criopolitanum will have the flower spike removed, more than 50% will have blossoming with the generation of the pearl bud, at 4 months and 7 days (7-19 deg.C), 90% of the Polygonum criollatum will have the pearl bud, and part of the pearl bud with high maturity will begin to fall off naturally.
Experimental group 2: 3 months and 24 days (13-21 ℃), wherein 50% of the polygonum bulbiferum has taken out flower spikes, more than 40% of the polygonum bulbiferum has bloomed and is accompanied with generation of the bulbels, 4 months and 7 days (7-19 ℃), 75% of the polygonum bulbiferum has formed the bulbels, the prepared rehmannia glutinosa is generally low, and no new leaves are grown on the bulbels.
Experimental group 3: 3 months and 24 days (13-21 ℃), 73% of the polygonum bulbiferum has taken out flower spikes, more than 45% of the polygonum bulbiferum has bloomed with the generation of the bulbels, 4 months and 7 days (7-19 ℃), 83% of the polygonum bulbiferum has formed the bulbels, and new leaves occasionally grow out of the bulbels.
Experimental group 4: 3 months and 24 days (13-21 ℃), 76% of the polygonum bulbiferum has taken out flower spikes, more than 47% of the polygonum bulbiferum has bloomed with generation of the bulbil, 4 months and 7 days (7-19 ℃), 89% of the polygonum bulbiferum has formed the bulbil, and the volume of the bulbil is small.
Control group: the method is characterized in that no polygonum bulborum is taken out of flower spikes at 3-24 days (13-21 ℃), no flower is produced, no pearl bud is produced, no flower bud is produced, no polygonum bulborum is taken out of flower spikes at 4-7 days (7-19 ℃), flower buds are taken out of flower spikes at 5-12 days (18-26 ℃), flower spikes are occasionally taken out of polygonum bulborum, 92% of polygonum bulborum is taken out of flower spikes at 6-2 days (18-27 ℃), and the pearl buds with high degree of maturity begin to naturally fall off.
Compared with the naturally-grown Polygonum bulborum control group, the flowering period and the date of the polygonum bulborum of the experimental groups 1-4 are both advanced by about 45 days. The average length of the flower spikes after the treatment of the experimental group 1 is 6.1cm (increased by about 1.5cm compared with the natural heading of a control group), the thousand-grain weight of the pearl buds is 22.68g (increased by about 3.1g compared with the natural pearl buds of the control group), the pearl bud yield of 1000 plants of the polygonum nuciferum is 1360.81g, the maturity is 90%, and the thousand-grain weight and the pearl bud yield are both obviously improved compared with the control group. In addition, it can be seen from the experimental results of experimental groups 1 to 4 that Gibberellin (GA) was not added3) Experiment group 2 without additionThe conditions of the salicylic acid experimental group 3 and the brassinolide-free experimental group 4, namely the thousand kernel weight of the bulbil, the total bulbil yield and the maturity of 100 strains of bulbil polygonum hydropiper (the maturity of the experimental group 2 is 75%, the maturity of the experimental group 3 is 83%, and the maturity of the experimental group 4 is 89%), are obviously lower than those of the experimental group 1, and the Gibberellin (GA)3) And salicylic acid has obvious effect of promoting flowering and fruiting of the polygonum bulborum, and brassinolide plays an important role in quality and quantity of the produced bulborum. The details are given in table 2 below.
The experimental parameters for regulating and controlling the flowering and beading of the polygonum bulbiferum in the experimental groups 1-4 in the embodiment are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Experimental parameters for Experimental groups 1-4
Evaluation of quality of bulbil of polygonum bulbil
When the method of this example 1 is used to regulate and control the flowering and the nodulation of the polygonum bulbiferum, the quality of the bulbar buds is significantly improved, and the number and the thousand seed weight thereof are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 bead bud quality for experimental groups 1-4
Example 2
And (4) introducing and cultivating wild harvested tubers of the polygonum bulbiferum into seedlings. The planting density of the polygonum capitatum in the field is 50000 plants per mu. Selecting 1-2 cm leaf surface diameter in a field, and making the leaf surface dark green and strong; at least 2 stems are vertically raised from the root and are over 15 cm high; the plant has no obvious visible insect pest and disease, and 4000 seedlings of the polygonum bulbiferum grow vigorously. The 4000 polygonum nuciferum plants were randomly and evenly divided into 4 experimental groups, and 1000 plants were used in each experimental group. 4 times every 10 days starting from 9 months and 9 daysThe experimental group 1 is sprayed with gibberellin, foliar fertilizer and brassinolide mixed hormone mixed aqueous solution once respectively; the experimental group 2 is sprayed with leaf fertilizer and mixed water solution of brassinolide mixed hormone respectively once; the experimental group 3 is respectively sprayed with gibberellin, foliar fertilizer and brassinolide mixed hormone mixed aqueous solution once; the experimental group 4 is sprayed with gibberellin and leaf fertilizer mixed hormone mixed aqueous solution once respectively. The spraying amount of the mixed hormone mixed water solution of each experimental group is 20L/mu, and the dosage of each reagent in each experimental group is as follows: gibberellins (GA)3)270 mg/mu, 26 g/mu of leaf fertilizer and 0.60 mg/mu of brassinolide, which is specifically shown in the following table 3.
Salicylic acid (0.13mg/mL) is sprayed on each of the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 4 at 10 months 21(17-23 ℃) days and 11 months 3 days (14-25 ℃), and tap water is sprayed on each of the experimental group 3. The dosage of the salicylic acid is 2550 mg/mu, and the spraying amount is 20L/mu; the spraying amount of tap water is 20L/mu, and the specific formula is shown in the following table 3.
At the initial stage of heading and flowering in 11-15 days (16-22 ℃), the total proportion of flowering only, budding only and budding and both flowering and budding of the polygonum bulbiferum reaches about 30%, and at this time, gibberellin, a leaf fertilizer and brassinolide are respectively sprayed on the experimental group 1 once; the experimental group 2 is sprayed with leaf fertilizer and brassinolide once respectively; the experimental group 3 is sprayed with gibberellin, foliar fertilizer and brassinolide once respectively; and the experimental group 4 is sprayed with gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer respectively once. The spraying amount of the mixed hormone water solution in each experimental group is 20L/mu, and the dosage of each reagent in each experimental group is as follows: gibberellins (GA)3)270 mg/mu, 26 g/mu of leaf fertilizer and 0.60 mg/mu of brassinolide, which is specifically shown in the following table 3.
The above mixed hormone mixed water solution and/or naturally-growing Polygonum nuciferum with salicylic acid as control are not sprayed.
Experimental group 1: the flower spike is extracted from 76% of the Polygonum criopolitanum at 12-2 days (17-22 deg.C), more than 49% of the Polygonum criollatum blooms with generation of the pearl bud, and the pearl bud is formed from 89% of the Polygonum criollatum at 12-18 days (3-21 deg.C), and part of the pearl bud with high maturity begins to fall off naturally.
Experimental group 2: the flower spike is extracted from 46% of the polygonum bulbiferum in 12 months and 2 days (17-22 ℃), more than 39% of the polygonum bulbiferum blooms with the generation of the bulbil, the bulbil buds are formed from 76% of the polygonum bulbiferum in 12 months and 18 days (3-21 ℃), the prepared rehmannia glutinosa is generally low, and no new leaf is formed from the bulbil buds.
Experimental group 3: the flower spike is extracted from 69% of the polygonum bulborum in 12 months and 2 days (17-22 ℃), more than 44% of the polygonum bulborum blooms with the generation of the bulbil, and the bulbil is formed from 82% of the polygonum bulborum in 12 months and 18 days (3-21 ℃), and new leaves are occasionally formed from the bulbil.
Experimental group 4: the day 12 months and 2 days (17-22 deg.C), 72% of the Polygonum criopolitanum has removed flower spike, more than 47% has bloomed with generation of pearl bud, and the day 12 months and 18 days (3-21 deg.C), 88% of the Polygonum criollis has formed pearl bud.
Control group: and the flower spikes are extracted from the polygonum bulbiferum within 12 months and 2 days (17-22 ℃), the flower spikes are not extracted from the polygonum bulbiferum, the flower spikes do not bloom, more pearl buds are not generated, the flower spikes are extracted from the polygonum bulbiferum within 12 months and 18 days (3-21 ℃), the flower spikes are not bloomed and the pearl buds are formed from the polygonum bulbiferum within 5 months and 19 days (6-17 ℃) in the next year, the flower spikes are extracted from the polygonum bulbiferum occasionally within 6 months and 9 days (18-25 ℃), the pearl buds are formed from 93% of the polygonum bulbiferum spiculver, and the pearl buds with high maturity partially begin to naturally fall off.
Compared with the naturally-grown polygonum bulbiferum control group, the experimental groups 1-4 all realize the second flowering and beading bud within the seedling annual period. The average length of the flower spikes after the treatment of the experimental group 1 is 5.6cm (increased by about 0.9cm compared with the natural heading of a control group), the thousand-grain weight of the pearl buds is 22.18g (increased by about 2.5g compared with the natural pearl buds of the control group), the pearl bud yield of 1000 plants of the polygonum bulbiferum is 1215.46g, the maturity is 89%, and the thousand-grain weight and the pearl bud yield are both obviously improved compared with the control group. According to the experimental results of experimental groups 1-4, Gibberellin (GA) is not added3) The conditions of the three experimental groups, namely thousand seed weight of the bulbil, total yield and maturity of the bulbil (the maturity of the experimental group 2 is 76%, the maturity of the experimental group 3 is 82%, and the maturity of the experimental group 4 is 88%), are obviously lower than those of the experimental group 1, and the conditions of the experimental group 2, the experimental group 3 and the experimental group 4 are shown to be Gibberellin (GA)3) Salicylic acid has obvious effects of promoting blooming and forming pearl buds on the pearl buds, and brassinolide plays an important role in the quality and quantity of the produced pearl buds. The results of this example are consistent with example 1. The details are given in Table 4 below.
The experimental parameters for regulating and controlling the flowering and beading of the polygonum bulbiferum in the experimental groups 1-4 in the embodiment are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 Experimental groups 1-4 Experimental parameters
Evaluation of quality of bulbil of polygonum bulbil
When the method of this example 2 is used to control the flowering and nodulation of the polygonum bulbiferum, the quality of the bulbels is significantly improved, and the number and thousand seed weight thereof are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 bead bud quality for experimental groups 1-4
Example 3
1000 bulbels of the experimental group 1 in example 1 were randomly selected at 4 months and 10 days (19-24 ℃), and sowed in the prepared outdoor field with the planting density of 100000 plants/mu. At 17 days (17-28 deg.C) 4 months, 93% of the bulbils have germinated and come out of the soil, at 17 days (17-28 deg.C) 5 months, at 17 days (17-28 deg.C) 95% of the seedlings of bulbil polygonum have height of more than 4cm, 2-3 true leaves are grown, the plant is strong and grows vigorously.
Example 3 shows that the rate of germination and the uniformity of germination of the polygonum bulbiferum obtained by the regulation and control method are high, the polygonum bulbiferum can grow in the next generation, and the planting requirement of the polygonum bulbiferum can be met.
By the method for simultaneously regulating and controlling the flowering and the beading buds of the polygonum bulbiferum, the growing beading buds of the polygonum bulbiferum can be improved from 1 season in 1 year to 3-4 seasons in 1 year. The artificial regulation and control of the polygonum bulbiferum in the flowering period and the bulbil formation period are realized for the first time, the yield and the quality of the output bulbils are improved, and the output of the bulbil polygonum bulbiferum in the unnatural breeding season every year is realized. The regulating and controlling method can enable the polygonum bulbiferum to bloom in the seasons with actual demands so as to obtain the polygonum bulbiferum, particularly, the flowering time of the polygonum bulbiferum can be controlled within 10 days before and after the demand time point, the polygonum bulbiferum seedling can produce the polygonum bulbiferum in the unnatural reproduction season every year, the demands of off-season scale planting and production can be met, and the allocation of manpower and resources is greatly optimized.
Moreover, the invention utilizes the combined application of the green and environment-friendly plant growth regulator brassinolide, gibberellin and salicylic acid, thereby greatly improving the germination rate of the bulbil of the polygonum bulbiferum and the uniformity of germination and emergence, leading the individual of the bulbil to be larger and the yield to be higher. In addition, gibberellin is cheap, and can reduce production cost.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for simultaneously regulating and controlling the flowering and the pearl forming of Polygonum bulborum comprises the following steps:
1) selecting polygonum bulbosum to grow seedlings, spraying a foliar fertilizer, gibberellin and brassinolide 2-3 months before the expected flowering phase, and spraying the foliar fertilizer, the gibberellin and the brassinolide once every 7-10 days for 2-5 times;
2) continuously spraying salicylic acid with the concentration of 100-200mg/L after the step 1), and spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days; and
3) when the total proportion of the polygonum bulbiferum which blooms only, bears only the bulbils and blooms and bears the bulbils at the same time reaches more than 25 percent, the foliar fertilizer, the gibberellin and the brassinolide are sprayed once again.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer obtained in the steps 1) and 3) comprises a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of N, P, K is (2.5-3): 1: (1.5-2), and the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is 20000-30000 mg/mu.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, or ammonium nitrothionitrate; the phosphate fertilizer is dicalcium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate or potassium nitrate.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer of the steps 1) and 3) is a mixture of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gibberellin is used in an amount of 200-300 mg/acre in steps 1) and 3).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of brassinolide used in steps 1) and 3) is 0.20-1.00 mg/acre.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of salicylic acid used in step 2) is 1500-3000 mg/acre.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer, gibberellin, and brassinolide in steps 1) and 3) is a mixture of foliar fertilizer, gibberellin, and brassinolide.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the foliar fertilizer, gibberellin and brassinolide in steps 1) and 3) is a mixed aqueous solution of foliar fertilizer, gibberellin and brassinolide.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) of continuously spraying salicylic acid with the concentration of 100-200mg/L is to spray the foliar fertilizer and the gibberellin GA in the step 1)3And brassinolide 2-10 days after the end.
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| CN112119894A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-25 | 神农架祥玺农业科技有限公司 | Seedling growing method of polygonum bulbiferum in plastic greenhouse |
| CN112314625A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-05 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Pre-seeding pretreatment agent for bulbil and application thereof |
| CN112314607B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-09-27 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Polygonum bulbiferum growth regulator, direct-seeding mixture of polygonum bulbiferum and bulbifer and application thereof |
| CN112586156A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-02 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Fertilizing method for planting polygonum bulbiferum and fertilizer special for planting polygonum bulbiferum |
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