CN111454090A - Special fertilizer for open field muskmelon and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for open field muskmelon and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a special fertilizer for open field muskmelon, which consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers; wherein the group A fertilizers are: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+P2O578.0～90.0kg/hm2+K2O 36.0～60.0kg/hm2(ii) a The group B fertilizers are: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2(ii) a Group C fertilizers were: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2(ii) a The group D fertilizers are: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2+K2O 54.0～90.0kg/hm2(ii) a N, P therein2O5、K2The application amount of O is the pure nutrient amount. The invention also provides methods of administration. The special fertilizer is used for fertilization, the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is reduced by 15.2 percent, the phosphate fertilizer dosage is reduced by 9.7 percent, the melon yield is increased by 8.4 percent, and the pure income is increased by 11.3 percent compared with the habitual fertilization of farmers on average.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for open-field muskmelon and an application method thereof.
Background
China is a great producing country of melons, the planting area of the melons is about 45 million hectares throughout the year, and the melons account for about 37 percent of the world; the yield is 1400 million tons, which accounts for about 50 percent of the world and is the first in the world. However, from the general pattern of world melon trade, the export volume of China in 2014 is only 4.25 ten thousand tons, the earning exchange is 6278.63 ten thousand dollars, the export share only accounts for 2.73% of the world, and the export share is arranged on the 9 th position of the world and is seriously inconsistent with the production position. One of the important reasons is that due to improper fertilization, large quantities of melons do not meet export standards or are not durable for storage and remote transport and cannot be converted into foreign exchange revenue. The northwest region is one of three muskmelon production regions in China, accounts for about 32% of the total production of China, is mainly distributed in Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Gansu and other provinces (regions), and the muskmelon produced has the advantages of drought resistance, late maturity, large fruit type, high sugar content, storage and transportation resistance and the like due to abundant photo-thermal resources and loose soil structure. The melon is a fertile crop, the macroelements have obvious influence on the yield and the quality of the melon, but the unreasonable fertilization problem is also very prominent, and the three-dimensional fertilization method is mainly characterized in that the three-dimensional fertilization method comprises the following steps: firstly, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, secondly, unreasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and thirdly, heavy base fertilizer and light additional fertilizer. Therefore, according to the nutrient requirement of the muskmelon in the critical growth period of the open field, a nutrient package is researched and formulated, and the nutrient package is very necessary for the quality improvement and the efficiency increase of the muskmelon industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the problems of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, unreasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, light additional fertilizer of heavy base fertilizer and the like of the open-field muskmelon, and provides a special fertilizer for the open-field muskmelon and an application method thereof. The method comprehensively considers the nutrient demand characteristics, the soil nutrient supply characteristics and the fertilizer nutrient release characteristics of the melons, considers the balance of major elements and medium and trace elements, and coordinates the agronomic benefits, the economic benefits and the environmental benefits of the melons.
The invention provides a special fertilizer for open field muskmelon, which consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers;
wherein the formula of the group A fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+P2O578.0～90.0kg/hm2+K2O36.0～60.0kg/hm2；
The formula of the group B fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2；
The formula of the group C fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2；
The formula of the group D fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2+K2O 54.0～90.0kg/hm2；
N, P of each of the above groups2O5、K2The application amount of O is the pure nutrient amount.
Preferably, the group A fertilizer formula also comprises ZnSO4·7H2O 30.0kg/hm2。
Preferably, the group C fertilizer formula further comprises 0.2% borax.
Preferably, the group D fertilizer formulation further comprises Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O 120kg/hm2。
Preferably, the special fertilizer for the open field pachyrhizus persicae consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers;
wherein the formula of the group A fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+P2O578.0～90.0kg/hm2+K2O36.0～60.0kg/hm2+ Zinc sulfate 30.0kg/hm2；
The formula of the group B fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2；
The formula of the group C fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+ 0.2% borax;
the formula of the group D fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2+K2O 54.0～90.0kg/hm2+ nitre120kg/hm of calcium carbonate2。
Preferably, the special fertilizer for the open field pachyrhizus persicae consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers;
wherein the formula of the group A fertilizer is as follows: n78.0 kg/hm2+P2O584.0kg/hm2+K2O 48.0kg/hm2+ Zinc sulfate 30.0kg/hm2；
The formula of the group B fertilizer is as follows: n52.0 kg/hm2；
The formula of the group C fertilizer is as follows: n78.0 kg/hm2+ 0.2% borax;
the formula of the group D fertilizer is as follows: n52.0 kg/hm2+K2O 72.0kg/hm2+ calcium nitrate 120kg/hm2。
Preferably, in the A, B, C and D four groups of fertilizers, the weight ratio of the N fertilizer is 3:2:3: 2.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned fertilizers of groups A and D, K is2The weight ratio of O is 2: 3.
the invention also provides an application method of the special fertilizer for the open field pachyrhizus, which comprises at least three of the following steps:
(1) the group A fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for the melons and is applied at one time before ridge forming sowing or transplanting of the melons;
(2) the group B fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melons in the five-leaf stage, and is applied to the row side of the plants in a hole mode by 10-15 cm;
(3) the fertilizer group C is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the melon setting period, the fertilizer group N is applied to the row side of the melon plant by 10-15 cm in a hole mode, and 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surface of the melon plant;
(4) the group D fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the expanding period, and is applied to the row side of the plant in a hole mode by 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the application method is as follows:
(1) the group A fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for the melons and is applied at one time before ridge forming sowing or transplanting of the melons;
(2) the group B fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melons in the five-leaf stage, and is applied to the row side of the plants in a hole mode by 10-15 cm;
(3) the fertilizer group C is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the melon setting period, the fertilizer group N is applied to the row side of the melon plant by 10-15 cm in a hole mode, and 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surface of the melon plant;
(4) the group D fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the expanding period, and is applied to the row side of the plant in a hole mode by 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the group A is mixed with all fertilizers and then spread on the ground surface before the melon is sowed or transplanted in a ridging way, and the fertilizers are just buried at the bottom of the ridges in the ridging way.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the synchronization of melon nutrient demand and supply is realized: the growing period of the open field muskmelon is only about 100 days, the seedling stage, the five-leaf stage, the sitting melon stage and the expansion stage are the key stages of the growth of the muskmelon, and the different stages have different requirements on different nutrients, such as types and amounts. The invention provides a group of fertilizer formulas aiming at the nutrient requirement characteristics of each key growth stage of the melons, so that the melons can obtain enough nutrient supply when the melons need the most nutrient, and not only is resource waste caused by excessive fertilization avoided, but also luxury absorption of fertilizer nutrients by the melons is avoided.
(2) The synchronization of fertilizer application reduction and quality and efficiency improvement is realized: the invention mainly adopts measures of 'nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward shift', 'phosphate fertilizer reduction', 'potassium fertilizer application in expansion period', 'zinc, boron and calcium supplement' and the like, and adjusts the fertilization structure and the proportion of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer. Through years and multiple point verification, the special fertilizer applied according to the invention has the advantages that the average fertilizer application amount of the special fertilizer applied by farmers is reduced by 15.2 percent, the fertilizer application amount is 9.7 percent, the melon yield is increased by 8.4 percent, and the pure income is increased by 11.3 percent.
(3) The soil barrier factor elimination and fertility promotion are synchronized: the muskmelon is easy to lack zinc in the early stage, so that middle-position leaves are green and yellow, internodes are shortened and even withered; the middle period is easy to lack boron, which causes growth point atrophy and 'flowering and no-sitting melon'; calcium deficiency easily occurs in the later period, which causes cracking melon and soft rot, and affects commodity. According to the invention, by supplementing zinc, boron and calcium in a key period, soil barrier factors are eliminated, and the occurrence of physiological diseases of melons is avoided. Through multi-point determination for many years, the boron content of plants in the watermelon sitting period is increased by 21.6 percent on average, the effective zinc content of soil is increased by 25.3 percent, the water-soluble calcium content is increased by 44.2 percent, and the comprehensive fertility of the soil is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from conventional biochemicals, unless otherwise specified. The quantitative tests in the following examples, all set up three replicates and the results averaged.
The open field muskmelon is different from facility cultivation and substrate cultivation, and is produced under the conditions of natural soil, natural season and conventional cultivation, and has the advantages of drought resistance, late ripening, large fruit type, high sugar content, storage and transportation resistance and the like.
The invention relates to a special fertilizer for open field muskmelon and an application method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
at a target yield of 45t/hm2Under the conditions of water irrigation guarantee and medium fertility and according to the requirement of key growth period of melons on nutrients, the special fertilizer for the open-field thick-peel sweet melons disclosed by the invention consists of A, B, C, D four groups of fertilizer formulas of a nutritional package, and is respectively used as a base fertilizer for the melons and additional fertilizers in a five-leaf period, a melon sitting period and an expanding period, wherein A, B, C, D four groups of fertilizers are used at the same time to obtain the expected target yield.
(1) The nutritional package A is used as a melon base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+P2O578.0～90.0kg/hm2+K2O 36.0～60.0kg/hm2+ZnSO4·7H2O 30.0kg/hm2And mixing all the fertilizers before the melon is sowed in ridges or transplanted on the ground surface, and just burying the fertilizers at the bottom of the ridges 15-20 cm away from the surfaces of the ridges during ridge forming.
(2) The nutritional package B is used as additional fertilizer for the muskmelon in the five-leaf period, and the fertilizer application amount is N48.0-56.0 kg/hm2Is applied to the row side of the plant in a hole manner for 10-1 day 1-2 days before irrigation5cm。
(3) The nutritional package C is used as additional fertilizer for melons in the melon setting period, and the fertilizer application amount is N72.0-84.0 kg/hm2+ 0.2% borax is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and N fertilizer is applied to the row side of the plants by 10-15 cm in a hole mode 1-2 days before irrigation; 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2-3 times, and 450-600 kg/hm of the borax solution is sprayed every time2And the spraying time interval is 7-10 days every time.
(4) The nutritional package D is used as additional fertilizer for melon in the expanding period, and the fertilizing amount is N48.0-56.0 kg/hm2+K2O54.0～90.0kg/hm2+Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 120kg/hm2And after being uniformly mixed, all the fertilizers are subjected to hole application for 10-15 cm at the row side of the plants 1-2 days before irrigation.
N, P of the above nutritional set meal2O5、K2The application amount of O is pure nutrient amount, and the O must be converted into physical amount according to the nutrient content of the used fertilizer during fertilization. The common nitrogen fertilizer variety comprises urea (containing N46%), and the common phosphate fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate (containing N18% and P)2O546 percent) and ordinary calcium superphosphate (containing P)2O512-20 percent) and triple superphosphate (containing P)2O540-50%), potassium sulfate (containing K) as common potash fertilizer2O50%), potassium chloride (containing K)2O60%). When the compound fertilizer is applied, the phosphorus dosage (P) is determined according to different nutrient contents2O5) Then using simple chemical fertilizer to supplement nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)2O) amount.
The zinc sulfate and calcium nitrate in the nutritional package are all the substances, and ZnSO is used for zinc sulfate4·7H2O, Ca for calcium Nitrate (NO)3)2·4H2And O. The 0.2% borax can also be replaced by 0.1% boric acid solution, and the leaf surface spraying time, frequency and interval period are unchanged.
When the N fertilizer in the nutritional package is applied for 4 times, the optimal weight ratio of each application is 3:2:3: 2.
The optimal application weight ratio of the potash fertilizer in the nutritional package is as follows: expansion period dressing is 40: 60.
in the invention, the commodity rate refers to the specific weight of melons meeting the sales standard in all produced melons (removing small melons, cracked melons, scab melons and the like).
The soil fertility grade judgment criteria are as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 soil land capability grade judgment Standard
Example 1
On a land with medium fertility guaranteed by water irrigation, the special fertilizer for the open field muskmelon consists of A, B, C, D four groups of fertilizer formulas of a nutritional package, and is respectively used as a base fertilizer for the muskmelon and additional fertilizers in a five-leaf stage, a sitting stage and an expansion stage.
(1) The nutritional package A is used as a muskmelon base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is N78.0 kg/hm2+P2O584.0kg/hm2+K2O48.0kg/hm2+ZnSO4·7H2O 30.0kg/hm2And mixing all the fertilizers before the melon is sowed in ridges or transplanted on the ground surface, and just burying the fertilizers at the bottom of the ridges 20cm away from the surfaces of the ridges during ridge forming.
(2) The nutritional package B is used as additional fertilizer for the muskmelon in the five-leaf period, and the fertilizer application amount is N52.0 kg/hm2And the seeds are planted in holes of 12cm at the row side of the plants 1 day before irrigation.
(3) The nutritional package C is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the melon setting period, and the fertilizer application amount is N78.0 kg/hm2+ 0.2% borax leaf surface spraying, N fertilizer hole application in plant row side 12cm 1 day before irrigation; 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surface for 2 times, each time is 500kg/hm2The spraying time interval is 8 days.
(4) The nutritional package D is used as additional fertilizer for melon in the expanding period, and the fertilizing amount is N52.0 kg/hm2+K2O 72.0kg/hm2+Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 120kg/hm2After all fertilizers are uniformly mixed, the mixture is hole-applied to the row side of the plant by 12cm 1 day before irrigation.
A, B, C, D four groups of fertilizers are applied according to the requirements, and the yield of the melons reaches 47.2t/hm2The commodity rate reaches 85.4Percent, the pure profit reaches 28216 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar reaches 9.02%, and the sugar-acid ratio reaches 21.48.
Example 2
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied according to the use amount designed by A, B, C, D, but the zinc, the boron and the calcium are lacked, and the melon yield is 42.5t/hm2The commodity rate is 77.6 percent, and the pure income is 23086 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 8.44%, and the sugar-acid ratio is 17.58.
Example 3
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: a and B are combined to be used as base fertilizer for application, no fertilizer is applied in the five-leaf stage, C, D is applied according to the requirement, the yield of the melon is 44.2t/hm2The commodity rate is 84.7 percent, and the pure income is 26206 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 8.78%, and the sugar-acid ratio is 16.88.
Example 4
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: A. d is applied according to the requirement, B and C are applied in the melon setting period, no fertilizer is applied in the five-leaf period, and the melon yield is 43.7t/hm2The commodity rate is 83.8 percent, and the pure income is 25634 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 8.92%, and the sugar-acid ratio is 17.84.
Example 5
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: A. b is applied according to the requirement, C and D are applied in the expanding period, no fertilizer is applied in the melon setting period, and the melon yield is 43.1t/hm2The commodity rate is 84.3 percent, and the pure income is 25433 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 8.96 percent, and the sugar-acid ratio is 19.06.
Example 6
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: A. b, D the fertilizer is applied according to the requirement, no fertilizer is applied in the melon sitting period, and the melon yield is 38.6t/hm2The commodity rate is 72.5 percent, and the pure income is 19590 yuan/hm2Can beThe soluble sugar content is 7.22 percent, and the sugar-acid ratio is 11.65.
Example 7
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: A. c, D applied according to the requirement, no fertilizer is applied in the five-leaf stage, the melon yield is 39.3t/hm2The commodity rate is 74.7 percent, and the pure income is 20550 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 7.73%, and the sugar-acid ratio is 14.05.
Example 8
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: B. c, D applied according to the requirement, no base fertilizer is applied, the melon yield is 25.7t/hm2The commodity rate is 50.4 percent, and the pure income is 9067 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 7.08%, and the sugar-acid ratio is 11.06.
Example 9
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: A. b, C applied according to the requirement, no fertilizer is applied in the expansion period, the melon yield is 36.7t/hm2The commodity rate is 55.2 percent, and the pure income is 14181 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 7.54 percent, and the sugar-acid ratio is 13.00.
Example 10
The fertility of the planting soil and other management methods of the melons are the same as those in the example 1, except that: A. b, C the application is required, calcium nitrate is not applied in the expansion period, the melon yield is 43.8t/hm2The commodity rate is 71.4 percent, and the pure income is 21891 yuan/hm2The content of soluble sugar is 8.84%, and the sugar-acid ratio is 18.42.
The variety of the open-field muskmelon is No. 17 Sizhou honey, the special fertilizer and the fertilizing method in the embodiment 1-10 are respectively applied for fertilizing, the other production management methods are all consistent, and the product performance of the harvested open-field muskmelon is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of fertilizing amount and melon yield, net income and quality for different examples
As for the judgment standard of melon quality, because the difference between varieties is large and there is no unified standard, the soluble sugar is generally considered to be more than or equal to 8.0 percent, and the sugar-acid ratio is better than or equal to 15.
From the above examples it can be seen that the highest melon yields and commodity rates in example 1, i.e. A, B, C and D applied according to the method and amounts of the present invention, respectively, are the best option.
From a comparison of examples 3, 4, 5 and 6-9, it is clear that both A, B, C and D, even when not applied according to the optimal application method of the present invention, provide a significant improvement in melon yield and commercial performance over the application of only three of the A, B, C and D fertilizers.
It is clear from a comparison of example 1 with examples 2 and 10 that the application of zinc, boron and calcium also has an influence on melon yield and commodity rate.
It is clear from a comparison of examples 2, 10 and examples 6 to 9 that even without the application of zinc, boron and calcium, the method according to the invention, when applied to only A, B, C and the other fertilizers in group D, results in a substantial improvement in melon yield and commercial performance over the application of only three fertilizers in groups A, B, C and D.
Comparative examples 1 to 5 and examples 11 to 19
Under the conditions of water irrigation guarantee and medium fertility, the open-field muskmelon is subjected to comparison experiments of different fertilizers and different fertilizer application methods, the other production management conditions and the methods of the open-field muskmelon are the same, and the variety of the open-field muskmelon is Sizhou honey No. 17.
The fertilizer formulations and application methods of comparative examples 1-5 and examples 11-19 are as follows:
the FP is used as a comparative example to represent the habit of farmers for fertilization, 5 different fertilizer formulas are selected, and the FP1-5 sequentially represents the comparative examples 1-5; NE represents the special fertilizer application of the invention as an embodiment, 9 different fertilizer formulas are selected, and NE1-9 sequentially represents embodiments 11-19;
2, FP treatment without applying medium and micro fertilizer; NE treatment base zinc sulfate heptahydrate 30.0kg/hm2Spraying 0.2% borax solution on leaf surface for 2-3 times in the melon setting period, and dressing 120kg/hm of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate in the expansion period2；
3, applying the nitrogen fertilizer subjected to FP treatment for 3 times, namely the base fertilizer, the squash fertilizer and the expanding fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of each application is 5:3: 2; the N fertilizer treated by NE is applied for 4 times, namely a base fertilizer, a five-leaf fertilizer, a watermelon fertilizer and an expanding fertilizer; the weight ratio of each application is 3:2:3: 2;
4, taking the phosphate fertilizers treated by FP and NE as base fertilizers to be combined with soil preparation before sowing and applied at one time;
5, applying the FP-treated potash fertilizer as a base fertilizer at one time; the basic application of the NE treated potash fertilizer is 40%, and the additional application is 60% in the expansion period.
6. The specific application methods of the fertilizers in comparative examples 1-5 and examples 11-19 are as follows:
(1) mixing all chemical fertilizers before melon ridging sowing or transplanting, and then spreading the mixed chemical fertilizers on the ground surface, wherein the chemical fertilizers are just buried at the bottom of ridges and are 20cm away from the surfaces of the ridges during ridging;
(2) applying additional fertilizer to the rows of the plants by 12cm in 1 day before watering in the five-leaf stage of the melons;
(3) applying additional fertilizer N to the row side of the plant by 12cm in 1 day before water irrigation in the melon setting period of the muskmelon; 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surface for 2 times, each time is 500kg/hm2Spraying at intervals of 8 days each time;
(4) and (3) topdressing of the melon in the expanding period, wherein all fertilizers are uniformly mixed and then are applied to the row side of the plant in a hole mode by 12cm 1 day before irrigation.
Specific fertilizing amounts and fertilizing effects of comparative examples 1 to 5 and examples 11 to 19 are shown in tables 3 to 5.
TABLE 3 reduction, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement effects of the fertilizer of the invention
As can be seen from Table 3, the invention mainly adopts measures of 'nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward shift', 'phosphate fertilizer reduction', 'potassium fertilizer application in expansion period', 'zinc, boron and calcium supplement' and the like, and adjusts the fertilizer application structure and the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing, thereby playing the effects of reducing fertilizer, improving quality and increasing efficiency, and specifically: compared with the fertilization used by farmers, the special fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the fertilizer application amount is reduced by 15.2 percent, the fertilizer application amount is reduced by 9.7 percent, the melon yield is increased by 8.4 percent, and the pure income is increased by 11.3 percent.
TABLE 4 improvement effect of the special fertilizer of the present invention on melon quality
TABLE 5 Elimination of soil obstruction factor and fertility improvement effect of the special fertilizer of the present invention
In conclusion, in the practice of the invention, the procedure and the amount of application should be as much as possible in example 1, which is a prerequisite for ensuring high yields and high quality of the melons. On the basis, high-fertility land parcels, high-yield new varieties and organic fertilizers are selected as much as possible to obtain better effect.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer special for the open field thick-peel sweet melons is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the special fertilizer for the open field thick-peel sweet melons consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers;
wherein the formula of the group A fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+P2O578.0～90.0kg/hm2+K2O 36.0～60.0kg/hm2；
The formula of the group B fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2；
The formula of the group C fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2；
The formula of the group D fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2+K2O 54.0～90.0kg/hm2；
N, P of each of the above groups2O5、K2The application amount of O is the pure nutrient amount.
2. The fertilizer special for the open field pachyrhizus persicae as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the formula of the group A fertilizer also comprises ZnSO4·7H2O 30.0kg/hm2。
3. The fertilizer special for the open field pachyrhizus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the group C fertilizer formula also comprises 0.2% of borax.
4. The fertilizer special for the open field pachyrhizus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the group D fertilizer formula also comprises Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O 120kg/hm2。
5. The fertilizer special for the open field pachyrhizus persicae as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the special fertilizer for the open field thick-peel sweet melons consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers;
wherein the formula of the group A fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+P2O578.0～90.0kg/hm2+K2O 36.0～60.0kg/hm2+ Zinc sulfate 30.0kg/hm2；
The formula of the group B fertilizer is as follows: 48.0-56.0 kg/hm of N2；
The formula of the group C fertilizer is as follows: 72.0-84.0 kg/hm of N2+ 0.2% borax;
the formula of the group D fertilizer is as follows: n48.0 &56.0kg/hm2+K2O 54.0～90.0kg/hm2+ calcium nitrate 120kg/hm2(ii) a Preferably, the special fertilizer for the open field pachyrhizus persicae consists of A, B, C and D groups of fertilizers;
wherein the formula of the group A fertilizer is as follows: n78.0 kg/hm2+P2O584.0kg/hm2+K2O 48.0kg/hm2+ Zinc sulfate 30.0kg/hm2；
The formula of the group B fertilizer is as follows: n52.0 kg/hm2；
The formula of the group C fertilizer is as follows: n78.0 kg/hm2+ 0.2% borax;
the formula of the group D fertilizer is as follows: n52.0 kg/hm2+K2O 72.0kg/hm2+ calcium nitrate 120kg/hm2。
6. The fertilizer special for the open field sweet potatoes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components: in the A, B, C and D four groups of fertilizers, the weight ratio of the N fertilizer is 3:2:3: 2.
7. The fertilizer special for the open field sweet potatoes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components: in the fertilizers of the group A and the group D, K2The weight ratio of O is 2: 3.
8. the application method of the special fertilizer for the open field sweet potatoes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that: the method of administration includes at least three of:
(1) the group A fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for the melons and is applied at one time before ridge forming sowing or transplanting of the melons;
(2) the group B fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melons in the five-leaf stage, and is applied to the row side of the plants in a hole mode by 10-15 cm;
(3) the fertilizer group C is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the melon setting period, the fertilizer group N is applied to the row side of the melon plant by 10-15 cm in a hole mode, and 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surface of the melon plant;
(4) the group D fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the expanding period, and is applied to the row side of the plant in a hole mode by 10-15 cm.
9. The application method of the fertilizer special for the open field pachyrhizus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the application method comprises the following steps:
(1) the group A fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for the melons and is applied at one time before ridge forming sowing or transplanting of the melons;
(2) the group B fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melons in the five-leaf stage, and is applied to the row side of the plants in a hole mode by 10-15 cm;
(3) the fertilizer group C is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the melon setting period, the fertilizer group N is applied to the row side of the melon plant by 10-15 cm in a hole mode, and 0.2% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surface of the melon plant;
(4) the group D fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer for the melon in the expanding period, and is applied to the row side of the plant in a hole mode by 10-15 cm.
10. The application method of the fertilizer special for the open field pachyrhizus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: the group A fertilizer is mixed with all fertilizers and then spread on the ground surface before melon ridging sowing or transplanting, and the fertilizers are just buried at the bottom of the ridges during ridging.
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