CN112956317A - Potassium-extracting aroma-enhancing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting - Google Patents
Potassium-extracting aroma-enhancing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112956317A CN112956317A CN202110161956.XA CN202110161956A CN112956317A CN 112956317 A CN112956317 A CN 112956317A CN 202110161956 A CN202110161956 A CN 202110161956A CN 112956317 A CN112956317 A CN 112956317A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a potassium-increasing aroma-increasing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting, and aims to solve the technical problem that potassium-increasing aroma-increasing is difficult to realize at low cost in the conventional ecological organic tobacco cultivation process. The invention breaks through the traditional tobacco cultivation fertilization concept and knowledge, uses cheap and easily-obtained plant ash as a potassium source fertilizer in the organic tobacco cultivation process, applies the fertilizer in the tobacco plant group period, fully utilizes the potassium source in the form of water-soluble carbonate, and effectively supplements potassium elements and various medium and trace elements required in the middle and later periods of tobacco plant production and development in time, so as to improve the potassium content and the aroma substance content of organic tobacco and promote the production quality and the economic benefit of organic tobacco plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a potassium-increasing aroma-increasing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting.
Background
The ecological organic tobacco leaves are planted and produced according to the production standard of organic agriculture, and a sustainable development mode is adopted in the tobacco leaf production process. The tobacco leaves produced by a series of sustainable comprehensive tobacco production technologies can not be applied with chemical synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and other substances in the production process.
Potassium is one of three nutrient elements required by the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and the tobacco belongs to agricultural crops which like potassium and avoid chlorine, and the potassium demand is large. In order to meet the demand of potassium element in the middle and later growth stages of organic tobacco, additional fertilizer needs to be applied to the organic tobacco field. At present, potassium sulfate is generally used as a potassium fertilizer in tobacco agricultural production; however, it was found that tobacco is resistant to potassium ion (K)+) Is greater than the absorption of sulfate ions (SO)4 -2) This will easily cause sulfate ions (SO) in the soil4 -2) Excessive accumulation may adversely affect root growth and the potassium content and combustibility of the tobacco leaves. Therefore, in the production process of organic tobacco leaves, potassium is supplemented by adopting a green manure, organic fertilizer and straw returning mode generally, but the potassium-supplementing mode has low potassium release efficiency and is difficult to meet the requirement of tobacco plants on potassium in a key growth and development period, thereby affecting the quality and economic effect of the tobacco leaves. Therefore, how to realize potassium increasing and flavor enhancing in the organic tobacco production process is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a potassium-increasing aroma-increasing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting, which is suitable for northern (neutral and calcareous soil) tobacco areas and solves the technical problem that potassium increasing and aroma increasing are difficult to realize at low cost in the traditional ecological organic tobacco cultivation process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a potassium-extracting aroma-enhancing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting is designed, and comprises the following steps:
(1) before transplanting the tobacco seedlings, integrally applying base fertilizer in the following mode:
ridging (ridging at the bottom of 4 months per year) of the front strips with decomposed sheep manure of 150-250 kg/666.7m240-60 kg/666.7m high-carbon-based fertilizer210-20 kg/666.7m cake fertilizer27-10.5 kg/666.7m of organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer2At the bottom of the ridge;
(2) after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted to survive, applying 40kg/666.7m of plant ash fertilizer in the agglomeration period23-4.5 kg/666.7m of organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer2Uniformly applying the fertilizer on the bottom of the ridge;
(3) except that no chemical fertilizer or chemical pesticide is applied, all other field cultivation and management measures are consistent with the conventional management measures for local tobacco planting.
The cake fertilizer is a tobacco sesame cake fertilizer with the total nutrient of N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 6 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 75 percent.
The organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer is an organic-inorganic biosolid granular fertilizer produced by the biological engineering company of the three gorges dragon flying, province, Henan.
The high carbon base is a high carbon base soil remediation fertilizer produced by Henan province Hui nong soil conservation research and development Limited company, and the total nutrient of the high carbon base is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent.
The tobacco seedlings are floating seedlings, the row spacing of the cultivation is 120 cm, the plant spacing is 55cm, and the density is 1100 plants/666.7 m2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the invention breaks through the traditional concept and understanding that alkaline plant ash is not applied in neutral and calcareous tobacco fields, takes cheap and easily-obtained plant ash as a potassium source fertilizer, is matched with a proper fertilizer to be applied in an optimum period, can timely and effectively supplement potassium elements required in the middle and later periods of tobacco plant production and development, improves the content of potassium and aroma substances in organic tobacco, and promotes the production quality and economic benefit of organic tobacco plants.
(2) The invention takes plant ash as top dressing, not only has good potassium availability and rich medium and trace elements, but also can improve the tobacco field soil: of plant ashThe main component is potassium carbonate (K)2CO3) The content of the potassium element is the most, the content of the potassium element generally can reach 4-12%, more than 90% of the potassium element exists in a water-soluble carbonate form, and the potassium element is easy to absorb and utilize; secondly, phosphorus generally contains 1.5-3 percent; also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and trace nutrient elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, etc.; the application of plant ash can improve the growth ecological environment of tobacco plants, reduce the side effects brought by pesticides and chemical fertilizers, improve the granular structure of soil, and play a role in resisting stress such as ventilation, fertilizer retention, water retention, heat preservation, drought resistance, cold resistance and the like.
(3) The organic tobacco top dressing fertilizer is reasonably applied, meets the organic tobacco production standard and relevant specifications, can increase soil nutrient elements, fertilize soil, promote the growth and development of tobacco plants, improve the stress resistance of crops, further improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, increase the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves and further improve the planting benefit of organic tobacco.
(4) The method of the invention reasonably configures the types of the organic production standard potash fertilizers, improves the quality of tobacco leaves, leads the chemical components of the cured tobacco to be more coordinated and meets the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The tests and the detection methods mentioned in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The test materials involved were:
testing a flue-cured tobacco variety LY 1306;
decomposed sheep manure (pure sheep manure organic fertilizer produced by Zhenghui fertilizer industry of Henan province, and the total nutrient is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent);
sesame cake fertilizer for tobacco (Zhengzhou Yuxin agricultural development company, total nutrient N + P2O5+K26% of O and 75% of organic matter);
high-carbon base fertilizer (provided by Henan province Hui nong soil conservation research and development Limited company, general)The nutrient is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, and 50kg of the organic matter is contained in each bag;
an organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer (organic-inorganic biological solid granular fertilizer provided by Sanmenxia Longfei bioengineering limited company in Henan province, the biological organic granules mainly comprise functional microorganism strains, chicken manure and mineral raw materials, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 percent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 percent, the inorganic nutrient granules mainly comprise nitramine phosphorus, potassium sulfate, medium and trace elements and sustained-release agent, and N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 40 percent, and water is less than or equal to 5 percent; biological organic particles: inorganic nutrient particles =4: 6);
grass wood ash fertilizer (provided by Jinan Huiteng chemical Co., Ltd., total potassium content is 4.92%, organic matter content is 4.39%)
Example (b): aroma-improving cultivation fertilization verification test based on organic tobacco planting
1. General description of the test site
The test is carried out in 'organic tobacco leaf production demonstration area' of three villages and towns in Yiyang county of Luoyang city, Henan province in 2020, and the test is carried out on soil with moderate fertility, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage. Before planting, the test land is subjected to foundation soil and water detection.
The cultivation method comprises the following steps: the total setting of the test field is 3 x 666.7m2The cultivation mode is a conventional organic cultivation mode, all tobacco seedlings are planted and float and grow seedlings uniformly and intensively, the planting row spacing is 120 cm, the planting spacing is 55cm, and the density is 1100 plants/666.7 m2。
Applying a soil base fertilizer: applying 200kg/666.7m of decomposed sheep manure250 kg/666.7m high-carbon base fertilizer2Sesame cake fertilizer for tobacco 15 kg/666.7m2Organic and inorganic integrated fertilizer 7kg/666.7m2. The sheep manure, the high-carbon base fertilizer, the tobacco sesame cake fertilizer and the organic and inorganic integrated fertilizer are applied to the bottom of the ridge before ridging.
2. Test set-up
Firstly, the cultivation (CK 1) is carried out by contrast without applying pesticide and chemical fertilizer, and the organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer (1 x 666.7 m) is applied in the base fertilizer application and the granulation period2）
② comparing with local conventional cultivation (CK 2) (field cultivation and management measures are the same as local tobacco plantingConsistent with conventional management measures) no topdressing (1 x 666.7 m)2）
③ cultivation without pesticide and chemical fertilizer (T1), and the base fertilizer application and the dressing in the group period (organic and inorganic integrated fertilizer 3kg/666.7 m)2) + grass and wood ash fertilizer (40 kg/666.7m2）（1*666.7m2）
And other various field planting is carried out according to the organic tobacco leaf production standardized measures.
3. Analysis of measurement items and data
(1) Agronomic traits of tobacco plants
Investigating the growth conditions of tobacco plants at different growth and development stages, and measuring the length, width, height, circumference and effective leaves of the tobacco plants
Granulation period (40 days after transplantation): 1 fertilizer test field + 2 control fields;
vigorous long term (55 days after transplantation): 1 fertilizer test field + 2 control fields;
bud stage (70 days after transplantation): 1 fertilizer test field + 2 control fields;
dome stage (85 days post transplant): 1 fertilizer test field + 2 control fields;
lower leaf harvest and roasting period (100 days after transplantation): 1 fertilizer test field + 2 control fields;
and (5) investigating the field agronomic characters, which are shown in the table 1.
The method comprises the following steps of planting for about 40 days, wherein the plant height reaches 9.41 cm-12.72 cm, the number of effective leaves is 8-9, the maximum leaf length is 41.17cm, the maximum leaf width is 23.28cm, tobacco plants are approximately hemispherical, the leaf color is green to dark green, and the tobacco plants grow neatly and consistently.
And about 55 days after planting, the plant height reaches 39.98 cm-43.51 cm, the stem circumference is 8.49-9.48 cm, the number of effective leaves is 11-13, the leaves are green, the plant type is waist drum-shaped, the maximum leaf length is 61.59cm, the colony structure is reasonable, and the tobacco plants grow neatly and consistently.
About 70 days after planting, the stem circumference is 10.06-11.1 cm, the number of effective leaves is 17-18, the leaves are green, the maximum leaf length is 79.64cm, the colony structure is reasonable, and the tobacco plants grow neatly and consistently.
And fourthly, about 85 days after planting, 22-25 effective leaves of each plant, the stem circumference of 11.00-12.71 cm, the plant height of 160.72cm, the maximum leaf length of 81.38cm and the maximum leaf width of 40.67cm, reasonable group structure and obvious layering yellowing of tobacco leaves from bottom to top.
Fifthly, about 100 days after planting, 18-23 effective leaves of each plant are planted, the stem circumference is 12.63-13.33 cm, the plant height is 171.24cm, the maximum leaf length is 82.28cm, and the maximum leaf width is 44.44 cm. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 questionnaire of agronomic traits at different periods under each treatment condition
Note: due to topping, the effective leaf number of the T1 treatment is lower than that of CK1 and CK2 treatment at 100 days of transplantation.
The results show that the maximum leaf length, leaf width, plant height, stem circumference and effective leaf number of the T1-treated tobacco plants after different transplanting time treatments are greatly improved compared with other treatments.
(2) Measurement of aroma component after baking
Measuring the aroma components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves by a nitrobenzene internal standard method, and comparing the content component conditions of various neutral aroma substances treated differently; the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The data in the table are analyzed to obtain: the total amount of carotenoid aroma substances in each treatment is changed to T1> CK1> CK 2. the total amount of the carotenoid aroma substances treated by T1 in the tobacco after C3F roasting under different cultivation and additional fertilization measures is the highest and is obviously higher than that of other treatments.
② the browning reaction in tobacco is a kind of non-enzymatic browning reaction, also called Maillard reaction, the Maillard reaction mechanism of carbohydrate and amino acid in tobacco is very complex, some reaction products have pleasant fragrance, and it has beneficial contribution to taste and fragrance of flue-cured tobacco. As can be seen from Table 2, the contents of the browning reaction products in each treatment were T1> CK1> CK2, and the phenylalanine content of the T1 treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments.
And thirdly, the total amount of the neutral aroma substances is represented as T1> CK2> CK1, the treatment mode adopted by the T1 treatment has the largest influence on the components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the total amount of the neutral aroma substances is obviously higher than that of other treatments. The T1 treatment adopts an organic cultivation mode, the topdressing mode of plant ash and organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer has the greatest influence on the components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the total amount of neutral aroma substances is obviously higher than that of other treatments.
TABLE 2 measurement of aroma components of flue-cured tobacco leaves for each treatment
TABLE 3 measurement of aroma components of flue-cured tobacco leaves for each treatment (TABLE 2)
The production practices show that the powdery plant ash organic fertilizer in the experiment can be used as a potassium fertilizer in the production process of high-quality organic tobacco leaves, and can be reasonably matched with other fertilizers to play the following roles: improving soil nutrients and promoting nutrient elements, including trace elements, required by the growth and development of tobacco in soil; secondly, the growth environment of organic tobacco plants is improved, and the tobacco quality is improved; improving the flavor substance of the organic tobacco; and fourthly, the economic effect of organic tobacco production is improved.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the details of the above-described embodiments may be made, and equivalents of the methods, steps and materials may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention, which is intended to encompass all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A potassium-extracting aroma-enhancing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before transplanting the tobacco seedlings, integrally applying base fertilizer in the following mode:
150-250 kg/666.7m of decomposed sheep manure applied to strips before ridging240-60 kg/666.7m high-carbon-based fertilizer210-20 kg/666.7m cake fertilizer27-10.5 kg/666.7m of organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer2At the bottom of the ridge;
(2) after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted to survive, additionally applying 35-45 kg/666.7m of plant ash fertilizer in the agglomeration period23-4.5 kg/666.7m of organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer2Uniformly applying the fertilizer on the bottom of the ridge;
(3) other various field cultivation and management measures are the same as the conventional local tobacco planting.
2. The organic tobacco planting-based potassium-extracting aroma-enhancing cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cake fertilizer is tobacco sesame cake fertilizer with total nutrient of N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 6 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 75 percent.
3. The organic tobacco planting-based potassium-increasing aroma-increasing cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic-inorganic integrated fertilizer is an organic-inorganic biosolid granular fertilizer produced by the three gorges dragon flying bioengineering limited company in Henan province.
4. The organic tobacco planting-based potassium-extracting aroma-increasing cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-carbon base fertilizer is total nutrient N + P produced by Henan province Huimengsoil conservation research and development Limited2O5+K2The fertilizer contains more than or equal to 5 percent of O and more than or equal to 45 percent of organic matter.
5. The organic tobacco planting-based potassium-increasing aroma-increasing cultivation fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tobacco seedlings are floating seedlings, the cultivation row spacing is 120 cm, the plant spacing is 55cm, and the density is 1100 plants/666.7 m2。
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115819134A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-03-21 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Organic fertilizer for rapidly improving brown soil organic matter in Huang-Huai-Hai region and method for increasing potassium and increasing aroma in tobacco planting |
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| CN115819134A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-03-21 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Organic fertilizer for rapidly improving brown soil organic matter in Huang-Huai-Hai region and method for increasing potassium and increasing aroma in tobacco planting |
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