CN113317156A - Nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco optimized cultivation technology - Google Patents
Nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco optimized cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317156A CN113317156A CN202110579137.7A CN202110579137A CN113317156A CN 113317156 A CN113317156 A CN 113317156A CN 202110579137 A CN202110579137 A CN 202110579137A CN 113317156 A CN113317156 A CN 113317156A
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical group [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco optimized cultivation technology, which comprises base fertilizer management and bacillus application, wherein the base fertilizer management comprises the application of special ridge bottom base fertilizer and seedling-lifting fertilizer, and the ridge bottom base fertilizer comprises the following components: 10-20 kg/mu of indigenous bacteria expanding agent, 8-12 kg/mu of tobacco special fertilizer, 30-40 kg/mu of fermented soybean or other high-quality commodity compound fertilizer, 4-6 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, and the N applied by the management of the base fertilizer2O、P2O5 and K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.6-0.67:2.62-2.68, and by adopting the cultivation technology, the application amount of the fertilizer for tobacco growers is reduced, the seedling early-maturing is facilitated, the grade structure is optimized, the appearance quality of tobacco leaves is improved, and the economic output value property of the tobacco leaves is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco optimized cultivation technology.
Background
Traditionally, tobacco growers often increase tobacco planting yield by applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer in a manner of increasing the yield of tobacco leaves; however, the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method is not scientific, the quality of tobacco leaves is greatly reduced, the quality of the tobacco leaves has a large gap from the requirement of the cigarette industry, and the contradiction between the tobacco leaf raw material supply and the requirement of industrial enterprises is still the main contradiction of industrial and agricultural production in the tobacco industry at present.
In order to better accord with high-quality raw materials required by cigarette industry enterprises, the nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco optimized cultivation technology is provided.
The invention patent CN106105752A discloses a flue-cured tobacco nitrogen-reducing, density-increasing and quality-improving cultivation method, which adopts a specific mixture ratio fertilizer and a double-row concave ridge transplanting method, wherein the fertilizer mixture ratio is as follows: the fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer for solar island, a decomposed soybean organic fertilizer, a multi-effect biological fertilizer for middle-smoke, a cake fertilizer for solar island and potassium sulfate, wherein a base fertilizer is applied according to 70% of the total amount; applying the rest 30% of additional fertilizer; adopting a double-row concave-ridge dislocation transplanting method; the row spacing of two rows of cigarettes in the double-row ridges is 90-100 cm, the row spacing between the ridges is 130 cm, the plant spacing is 50 cm, two rows on the same ridge are transplanted in a staggered mode, and 1300 plants are planted per mu; and (5) performing hole application of diammonium phosphate during transplanting. Thereby improving the first-class tobacco yield in the middle to 38.8 percent and reducing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer to 5kg of pure nitrogen applied per mu, but the influence on the appearance quality and the internal chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is not considered, which often causes the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves to be poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art and further optimize the prior art, the invention provides a nitrogen-reducing and efficiency-increasing flue-cured tobacco efficient cultivation technology, so as to achieve the purposes of reducing nitrogen application amount, promoting seedlings to grow early, improving tobacco quality, optimizing tobacco hierarchical structure and promoting agriculture and income.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the optimized cultivation technology for the nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising base fertilizer management and bacillus application, wherein the base fertilizer management comprises ridge bottom base fertilizer application and seedling raising fertilizer application, and the base fertilizer management comprises N applied to2O、P2O5 and K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.6-0.67: 2.62-2.68;
the ridge bottom base fertilizer comprises the following components: 10-20 kg/mu of indigenous bacteria expanding agent, 8-12 kg/mu of tobacco special fertilizer, 30-40 kg/mu of fermented soybean or other high-quality commodity compound fertilizer, 4-6 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer;
the indigenous bacteria propagation agent is a nano fermented bean product, wherein the content of effective microorganisms is 80 hundred million/g, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of nitrogen is more than or equal to 1 percent, the content of total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1 percent, and the content of total potassium is more than or equal to 1 percent;
the special fertilizer for tobacco comprises 15 percent of N2O, 15 percent of P2O5, 15 percent of K2O and 15 percent of fertilizer;
the seedling-lifting fertilizer is potassium nitrate fertilizer, and is applied to two sides of a tobacco plant before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the using amount is 5-10 kg/mu;
the ridge base fertilizer is applied to the tobacco ridges in the first 4 th ten days before the tobacco fields are ridged;
the concentration of the bacillus stock solution is 90-110 hundred million/ml;
the application of the bacillus comprises the steps of applying the bacillus during tobacco seedling transplantation and applying the bacillus through a drip irrigation pipe 40-50 days after the tobacco seedling transplantation; the initial application amount is 100-;
the cultivation technology also comprises transplanting management, wherein the row spacing of the transplanted tobacco leaves is 1.2-1.3m, and the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 m;
the cultivation technique also comprises leave number management, wherein bottom leaves are removed before the bud stage, stamens and upper leaves are removed in the full-bloom stage, and 20-22 effective leaves are reserved.
According to the fertilization technical system, the total nitrogen application amount of flue-cured tobacco is 4-4.5 kg/mu, which is reduced by 20-30% compared with the conventional local total nitrogen application amount, and meanwhile, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is adjusted according to the characteristics of soil texture, the organic nitrogen proportion of loam is controlled to be about 30%, and the organic nitrogen proportion of sandy soil is controlled to be about 40%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a nitrogen-reducing synergistic optimized flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology, which reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizers for tobacco growers; the total nitrogen application amount of the flue-cured tobacco is 4-4.5 kg/mu, which is 10-33.3% lower than the conventional nitrogen application amount (5-6 kg/mu) and the phosphorus application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 4-4.5 kg/mu, which is 10-20% lower than the conventional phosphorus application amount; the application amount of the potash fertilizer is reduced by 15-20% compared with the conventional potassium application amount;
2. the cultivation technology is adopted, the dry weight of the root system of the tobacco plant is increased by 2.09g, the agronomic character of the tobacco plant is optimized, the plant height is increased by 11.7cm, and the length and the width of the tobacco leaf are respectively increased by 9.16 cm and 5.24 cm; the plant height of the tobacco plant in the flat top period is reduced by 3cm, and the length of the waist leaf is reduced by 2.4 cm compared with the conventional fertilization;
3. the hierarchical structure is optimized, and compared with the conventional fertilization, the first-class tobacco proportion of the tobacco leaves is improved by about 15 percent; the proportion of middle-grade and first-grade tobaccos is increased by 38-40%;
4. the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, and the appearance quality indexes of the middle leaf flue-cured tobacco, such as the position, the color, the leaf structure, the oil content, the chromaticity, the total score and the like, are respectively increased by 0.52 minute, 0.1 minute, 0.3 minute, 0.2 minute, 0.1 minute and 1.42 minute compared with the conventional fertilization by adopting the flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology;
5. the economic character of the tobacco leaves is improved. Compared with conventional fertilization, the yield of the tobacco leaves is slightly reduced, but the yield value of the tobacco leaves is improved by 20-30% compared with conventional treatment.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Embodiment 1 a flue-cured tobacco optimized cultivation technique of nitrogen reduction and efficiency increase, the specific measures are as follows:
1. and (3) base fertilizer management:
after the ridge base fertilizer is fully and uniformly mixed, the fertilizer is applied to the tobacco ridges before the tobacco field is ridged (in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months); then applying seedling-extracting fertilizers to the two sides of the tobacco plants before transplanting the tobacco seedlings;
the ridge bottom base fertilizer comprises the following components: 10-20 kg/mu of indigenous bacteria expanding agent, 8-12 kg/mu of tobacco special fertilizer, 30-40 kg/mu of fermented soybean or other high-quality commodity compound fertilizer, 4-6 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer;
the indigenous bacteria propagation agent is developed and provided by the technical development center of the tobacco institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, and is named as nano fermented bean, wherein the content of effective microorganisms is 80 hundred million/g, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of nitrogen is more than or equal to 1 percent, the content of total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1 percent, and the content of total potassium is more than or equal to 1 percent;
the special fertilizer for tobacco comprises 15 percent of N2O, 15 percent of P2O5, 15 percent of K2O and 15 percent of fertilizer;
the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate fertilizer, and the using amount of the fertilizer is 5 kg/mu;
managing the base fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen application amount is 3.5-4.7 kg/mu; n is applied2O、P2O5 and K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.6-0.67: 2.62-2.68;
2. administration of Bacillus:
when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 100ml of bacillus is added with about 15kg of water, and the bacillus is poured around tobacco plants after being fully dissolved, wherein the application amount of the bacillus is 100 ml/mu;
after about 40 days after planting, the bacillus is dissolved in water and applied by a drip irrigation device; the application amount is 100 ml/mu;
the concentration of the stock solution of the bacillus is 100 hundred million/ml;
3. and (3) mulching film covering:
after ridging, covering a membrane in the middle-upper ten days of April, and covering a tobacco ridge with a biomass degradation membrane;
4. transplantation management
Transplanting work is completed in a well cellar type transplanting mode 5 months ago, the row spacing of the tobacco leaves is 1.2m, the plant spacing is 0.45m, and about 1100 seedlings are transplanted per mu;
5. leaf number management
Before bud stage, removing bottom leaves, removing stamen and upper leaves in full-bloom stage, and retaining 22 effective leaves.
Comparative example 1
Adopting conventional fertilization treatment (CK), and the concrete measures are as follows:
the ridge bottom base fertilizer comprises the following components: 12-16 kg of special compound fertilizer, 10kg of potassium nitrate fertilizer and 40kg of soybean or bean cake; 13.5-15kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer; 20-30kg of calcium superphosphate;
the seedling extracting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate fertilizer, and the using amount of the fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
the total nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer management is 5.15-6.35 kg/mu, and the applied N is N2O、P2O5 and K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 0.9-1.10: 2.68-3.06;
after ridging of the tobacco field, covering a ridge body with a 0.008 mm mulching film;
the transplanting mode adopts a conventional transplanting mode; the procedure of example 1 was followed except that neither the transplantation nor the cultivation was carried out with Bacillus.
The agronomic characters of the tobacco leaves in the bulk stage, the root development state of the tobacco plants, the agronomic characters in the flat top stage, the appearance quality, the analysis of internal chemical components and the economic conditions of flue-cured tobaccos in the cultivation technologies of the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 are detected, and the following specific characteristics are provided:
TABLE 1 agricultural characters questionnaire (Reunion period)
TABLE 2 tobacco plant root development (Reunion period)
TABLE 3 agricultural traits questionnaire (plateau phase)
TABLE 4 flue-cured tobacco appearance quality score
TABLE 5 economic traits of flue-cured tobacco
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The optimized cultivation technology for the nitrogen-reducing synergistic flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising base fertilizer management and bacillus application, wherein the base fertilizer management comprises ridge bottom base fertilizer application and seedling raising fertilizer application, and the base fertilizer management comprises N applied to2O、P2O5 and K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.6-0.67: 2.62-2.68.
2. The optimized cultivation technology for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridge-bottom base fertilizer comprises the following components: 10-20 kg/mu of indigenous bacteria expanding agent, 8-12 kg/mu of tobacco special fertilizer, 30-40 kg/mu of fermented soybean or other high-quality commodity compound fertilizer, 4-6 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate fertilizer and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer.
3. The optimized cultivation technology for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the indigenous bacteria propagation agent is sold as nano fermented beans, wherein the content of effective microorganisms is 80 hundred million/g, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, the content of total nutrients is more than or equal to 5%, the content of nitrogen is more than or equal to 1%, the content of total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1%, and the content of total potassium is more than or equal to 1%.
4. The optimized cultivation technology for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nutrient content of N2O, P2O5, K2O is 15%:15%: 15%.
5. The optimized cultivation technology for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling-raising fertilizer is potassium nitrate fertilizer, which is applied to two sides of the tobacco plant before the tobacco seedling is transplanted, and the amount of the fertilizer is 5-10 kg/mu.
6. The optimized cultivation technique for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridge base fertilizer is applied to the tobacco ridge in the first 4 th of the month before the ridge is formed in the tobacco field.
7. The optimized cultivation technique for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bacillus is applied, and the concentration of the bacillus stock solution is 90-110 hundred million/ml.
8. The optimized cultivation technology for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application of bacillus comprises applying bacillus through a drip irrigation pipe at the time of transplanting tobacco seedlings and 40-50 days after planting; the initial application amount is 100-.
9. The optimized cultivation technology for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, further comprising transplanting management, wherein the row spacing of transplanted tobacco leaves is 1.2-1.3m, and the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 m.
10. The optimized cultivation technique for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, further comprising management of leave number, wherein, before bud stage, footing leaf is removed, stamen and upper leaf are removed in full-bloom stage, and 20-22 effective leaves are retained.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114902925A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-16 | 山东农业大学 | High-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla |
CN114902925B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2024-05-24 | 山东农业大学 | High-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla |
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CN103125251A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-05 | 西南大学 | Application method of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in large-scale tobacco cultivation |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114902925A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-16 | 山东农业大学 | High-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla |
CN114902925B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2024-05-24 | 山东农业大学 | High-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla |
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