CN111440033A - Functional liquid fertilizer for promoting branches of sweet potatoes to bear potatoes and application thereof - Google Patents
Functional liquid fertilizer for promoting branches of sweet potatoes to bear potatoes and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111440033A CN111440033A CN202010352027.2A CN202010352027A CN111440033A CN 111440033 A CN111440033 A CN 111440033A CN 202010352027 A CN202010352027 A CN 202010352027A CN 111440033 A CN111440033 A CN 111440033A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a functional liquid fertilizer for promoting branching and bearing of sweet potatoes, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4-12% of composite nematode-preventing microbial inoculum, 4-12% of composite continuous-cropping-resistant microbial inoculum, 5-20% of macroelement fertilizer, 2-6% of secondary element fertilizer, 20-40% of active humic acid, 20-40% of organic matter, 0.1-0.8% of plant growth regulator, 0.5-3% of surfactant and the balance of water. The functional liquid fertilizer can improve the survival rate of the sweet potatoes, promote early branching and more sweet potatoes, reduce the continuous cropping hazards of the sweet potatoes, such as stem nematode disease, black spot disease and the like, improve the sweet potato bearing rate and commodity rate, and realize high quality and high yield of the sweet potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a functional liquid fertilizer for promoting branches of sweet potatoes to bear potatoes and application thereof.
Background
China is a world sweet potato production big country, the sweet potato planting area is about 6500 ten thousand mu in China at present, the planting area and the yield are the top in the world, and the yield rank of the domestic food crops is the fourth, and is only next to rice, wheat and corn. The sweet potato has high yield and high yield, promotes the market to blindly expand production, and due to the lack of planting technology and experience, the sweet potatoes are continuously cultivated for many years, so that the nutrient imbalance and the medium element deficiency in soil are caused, the sweet potato chemical self-toxic substances, various germs and diseases and insect damages accumulated in the soil are serious, the climate is abnormal, the high-temperature drought in summer is caused, the seedling death rate is high, the early growth stress is serious, and the commodity rate is reduced. Most of fertilizers in the current market are ternary compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, have no effects of soil cultivation and continuous cropping disease resistance, have no effect of promoting the branching and the potato bearing of the sweet potatoes, and cannot provide guarantee for high yield and high quality of the sweet potatoes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide the functional liquid fertilizer for promoting the branching and the potato bearing of the sweet potatoes, and the functional liquid fertilizer can improve the transplanting survival rate of sweet potato seedlings, promote the early branching and the potato bearing of the sweet potatoes, reduce the continuous cropping hazards of the sweet potatoes, such as stem nematode disease, black spot disease and the like, improve the potato bearing rate and the commodity rate of the sweet potatoes, and realize the high quality and the high yield of the sweet potatoes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a functional liquid fertilizer for promoting sweet potato branching and bearing potato production, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4-12% of composite nematode-preventing microbial inoculum, 4-12% of composite continuous-cropping-resistant microbial inoculum, 5-20% of macroelement fertilizer, 2-6% of secondary element fertilizer, 20-40% of active humic acid, 20-40% of organic matter, 0.1-0.8% of plant growth regulator, 0.5-3% of surfactant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the composite nematode control agent comprises paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma harzianum.
More preferably, the ratio of effective viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus to the trichoderma harzianum is 1: (1-2).
More preferably, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the compound anti-nematode agent is 2-10 hundred million/ml.
The paecilomyces lilacinus and the trichoderma harzianum both have good prevention and control effects on nematodes, but the single-product planting capacity is poor, the prevention and control effects on the nematodes are unstable, the composite nematode-prevention microbial inoculum has a good prevention and control effect on the stem nematodes, and meanwhile, the secondary metabolites of the composite nematode-prevention microbial inoculum can promote root growth and enhance plant vitality.
The nematode-preventing microbial strains are purchased from the market, the paecilomyces lilacinus is purchased from the strain number BNCC336230 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, and the Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from the strain number BNCC336568 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains.
Preferably, the compound anti-stubble microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, photosynthetic bacteria and yeasts.
The effective viable bacteria ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycetes is 1:1:1:1:1: 1. the total effective viable bacteria quantity of the composite continuous cropping resistant microbial agent is 2-10 hundred million/ml.
The bacillus subtilis can generate active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like, and has strong inhibiting effect on soil pathogenic bacteria.
The paenibacillus polymyxa can prevent and control plant bacteria and fungal soil-borne diseases, obviously reduce leaf bacteria and fungal diseases, and has obvious effects of promoting growth and increasing yield.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens can secrete antibacterial substances, generate antagonism, compete with nutrition and space, induce hosts to generate resistance, promote plant growth and the like.
The photosynthetic bacteria can improve the photosynthesis of crops in an environment with insufficient illumination, and after the photosynthetic bacteria are applied to soil, the activity of plant cells can be quickly activated, the development of root systems is promoted, and the photosynthesis and reproductive growth capacity are improved.
The bacillus mucilaginosus has the functions of phosphate dissolving, potassium dissolving and nitrogen fixing, greatly improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reduces the using amount of the fertilizer. The bacillus mucilaginosus is an important functional bacterium in soil, can decompose original ecological minerals of aluminosilicate such as feldspar, mica and the like, enables insoluble K, P, Si and the like in the soil to be converted into soluble substances for plant growth and utilization, and can generate a plurality of bioactive substances to promote the plant growth.
The saccharomycetes loosen soil, increase water-retaining property of soil, enlarge root system area, enhance photosynthesis, reduce fertilizer consumption, raise yield and improve quality.
The bacillus megaterium is used as a phosphorus-dissolving potassium-promoting bacterium, has an obvious decomposition effect on lecithin and adsorbed phosphorus which cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants in soil, improves the effective phosphorus content of the soil, and can be mixed with azotobacter and potassium-dissolving bacterium for culture to enhance the nitrogen-fixing and potassium-dissolving capabilities.
The composite anti-pest agent has strong planting capacity, can secrete various beneficial secondary metabolites, comprehensively promotes and protects plants against the harm of continuous cropping germs, improves the root activity, promotes the absorption of plant fertilizers, moisture and oxygen, promotes the improvement of physiological activity, can promote the rapid recovery of plant growth and development of sweet potato seedlings with reduced activity due to transplantation, has high survival rate, can accelerate the whole growth process of the sweet potatoes, and promotes the high quality, high yield and high commodity rate of the sweet potatoes.
The microbial strains for continuous cropping resistance are purchased from the market, bacillus subtilis is purchased from a strain number BNCC337819 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, bacillus polymyxa is purchased from a strain number BNCC168634 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, bacillus amyloliquefaciens is purchased from a strain number BNCC185380 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, bacillus megatherium is purchased from a strain number BNCC337776 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, bacillus mucilaginosus is purchased from a strain number BNCC 180BN687 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, photosynthetic bacteria is purchased from a strain number BNCC134292 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains, and saccharomycetes is purchased from a strain number CC142526 of China center for culture Collection of microbial strains.
Preferably, the macroelement fertilizer comprises urea ammonium nitrate solution, potassium polyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate.
More preferably, the weight ratio of the urea ammonium nitrate solution to the potassium polyphosphate to the potassium pyrophosphate is 5:1 (2-4).
More preferably, the concentration of the urea ammonium nitrate solution is 28-32%, and the polymerization degree of the potassium polyphosphate is 2-10. The urea ammonium nitrate, the potassium polyphosphate and the potassium pyrophosphate are all the raw materials of the commercially available full water-soluble fertilizer.
The adding ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:1 (2-4), the nutrient growth is mainly within about 40 days in the early stage of transplanting, the main required nutrient is nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus and potassium are moderate, and 3 raw materials are low-salinity raw materials, so that the survival period of the liquid seed inoculant is prolonged. The urea ammonium nitrate contains nitrogen fertilizers in three forms, so that the absorption of the nitrogen fertilizers by the sweet potato seedlings is facilitated; the potassium polyphosphate and the potassium pyrophosphate have strong chelating performance, can have good chelating effect on calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate added into the fertilizer, and ensure the solubility of the fertilizer and the absorption efficiency of the sweet potatoes.
Preferably, the secondary element fertilizer is calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate.
More preferably, the weight ratio of calcium nitrate to magnesium nitrate is 2: 1. Calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate are all commercially available fully water-soluble raw materials.
The nitrate state total-soluble calcium and magnesium are added, so that the investment of a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is increased, a certain amount of calcium and magnesium elements are supplemented, the photosynthesis of the leaf surfaces of the sweet potatoes is promoted, the physiological activity in the whole growth period is promoted, the calcium is used as a structural substance of cell walls, the toughness of the potato peels can be improved, the cracks can be reduced, the damage of invasive germs and diseases and insects can be resisted to a certain extent, and a foundation is laid for the high quality, high commodity and high storage resistance of the sweet potatoes.
Preferably, the organic matter includes molasses and pyroligneous liquor.
More preferably, the weight ratio of molasses to pyroligneous liquor is 10: 1.
Molasses and pyroligneous are commercially available water-soluble organic substances, and the main organic nutrients of molasses are as follows: amino acid is more than or equal to 10 percent, biochemical fulvic acid is more than or equal to 20 percent, and certain medium and trace elements are also contained in the molasses; the main organic nutrients of the wood vinegar liquid are acetic acid which is more than or equal to 10 percent, amino acid which is more than or equal to 6 percent, and other water-soluble esters and ketones which are more than or equal to 8 percent. The wood vinegar can provide soluble organic matters and promote the direct absorption of plant roots, the wood vinegar contains a large amount of nitrogen sources and carbon sources and contains abundant medium and trace elements, and the cooperation of the molasses and the wood vinegar can improve the resistance of plants to external drought and other adverse conditions, improve the reproductive activity of the planted beneficial active bacteria, improve the total nutrient absorption of the plants and promote the vigorous growth and development of the plants.
Preferably, the preparation method of the active humic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) activation: mixing brown coal with H2O2The ratio of solid to liquid of (1 g): (0.2-0.6) ml, mixing uniformly, reacting at normal temperature for 2h, adding purified water until the solid-to-liquid ratio reaches 1 g: (5-10) ml, adjusting the pH value to 1-2, centrifuging and precipitating, and taking supernatant to obtain acid-soluble humic acid solution;
(2) neutralizing: adjusting the pH of the acid-soluble humic acid solution obtained in the step (1) to 6-7 to prepare a humic acid solution;
(3) and (3) purifying and grading the humic acid solution prepared in the step (2) by using a dialysis membrane with the molecular weight of 1 ten thousand daltons, collecting filtrate, and concentrating to obtain active humic acid.
More preferably, in step (1), H2O2The mass concentration of (2) is 15%.
More preferably, in step (1), the pH is adjusted by passing H at a concentration of 1 mol/L2SO4The solution is adjusted. Centrifugal precipitationIs centrifuged and precipitated for 1-2 times at 1000-3000 r/min.
More preferably, in step (1), the pH is adjusted by potassium hydroxide.
More preferably, in the step (3), the concentration is performed in a low-temperature drying manner until the solid content is 10-20%.
The active humic acid with the length of less than 1 kilodalton is obtained by purification and classification, and the part of the active humic acid has stronger biological stimulation, can promote more branches of the sweet potato, promote the potato block to be thick and strong and improve the activity of the overground plant.
The oxygen activation can increase the content of humic acid active functional groups (phenolic hydroxyl, aldehyde group, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ketone group, carbonyl and the like), enhance the absorption and fertilizer retention effects of humic acid on fertilizers, and improve the formation of soil aggregates and the air permeability and water retention.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator comprises brassinolide and gibberellin.
More preferably, the weight ratio of brassinolide to gibberellin is (8-20): 1. Brassinolide and gibberellin are conventional products sold in the market, wherein the brassinolide is a soluble powder product with the purity of 0.2 percent; gibberellin is a powder product with a purity of 90%.
The brassinolide has the functions of auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin, and the combination of the brassinolide and the gibberellin can enhance the synthesis of chlorophyll, promote the color of leaves to deepen and turn green, improve the photosynthesis and cultivate strong seedlings; promoting cell division and fruit expansion; promoting lateral root germination and lateral root differentiation; improve the quality of crops and improve the marketability.
Preferably, the plant surfactant is one or two of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene. The addition of the surfactant can increase the absorption effect of the fertilizer sprayed from the leaf surfaces and enhance the effect of the fertilizer on the growth, disease prevention and synergism of the sweet potatoes.
In a second aspect of the invention, the application of the functional liquid fertilizer in promoting branch sweet potato bearing is provided.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for using the functional liquid fertilizer, comprising at least one step of the following (1) to (3); (1) dipping the roots with functional liquid fertilizer before transplanting; (2) drip irrigation or flushing application is carried out on functional liquid fertilizer in the balling stage or the tendril throwing stage; (3) and (4) after the potato seedlings are delayed to the pre-tendril throwing stage, spraying functional liquid fertilizer on the leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the functional liquid fertilizer is diluted by 400-fold and smeared for 0.5-2 hours before being dipped in the roots before transplanting, and then the roots are transplanted.
Preferably, the drip irrigation or the flushing application in the tendril-throwing period of the cluster plants is to flush and apply the functional liquid fertilizer to the root distribution area of the sweet potatoes by a water dropper at 5-10L/mu.
Preferably, the functional liquid fertilizer is diluted to 1000-2000 times during drip irrigation or flushing application.
Preferably, the foliar spraying is carried out after the potato seedlings are delayed until the early stage of tendril throwing, and is carried out by diluting the functional liquid fertilizer by 400-fold and 1000-fold.
Preferably, the single dosage of the functional liquid fertilizer for foliage spraying is 50-100 ml/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the functional liquid fertilizer is applied to the early growth stage (transplanting, seedling reviving, seedling clustering and tendril stretching stage) of the sweet potatoes, can quickly stimulate and recover the root system activity of the sweet potatoes, quickens the seedling reviving, improves the seedling stage activity, promotes the overground part to grow quickly, promotes the root system to branch and bear the potatoes, reduces continuous cropping diseases and nematode hazards, improves the soluble solid content of the sweet potatoes, improves the commodity rate, and achieves the purposes of green prevention and control, high quality and high yield of the sweet potatoes.
2. The functional liquid fertilizer can obviously improve the continuous cropping diseases and insect pests of the soil for sweet potato planting, prevent and control the stem nematode disease of the sweet potatoes, promote the water and fertilizer conservation of the soil, improve the soil activity, improve the survival rate of sweet potato seedlings, promote the increase and the extension of root systems, stimulate the sweet potatoes to branch and bear more potatoes, promote the early ridge sealing, promote the potato blocks to expand, ensure the normal potato shape and the bright potato peel, greatly improve the potato bearing rate and the commodity rate, provide guarantee for the market demand of high quality and high yield of the sweet potatoes, and have obvious economic, social and ecological benefits.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background technology, at present, sweet potatoes are continuously cultivated for many years, so that the nutrient in soil is unbalanced, medium elements are deficient, sweet potatoes accumulated in the soil are seriously infected by toxic substances, various germs and diseases and pests, the seedling death rate is high, the early growth stress is serious, the commodity rate is reduced, most of fertilizers at present are ternary compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the guarantee cannot be provided for the high yield and the high quality of the sweet potatoes.
Based on the above, the functional liquid fertilizer can improve the survival rate of the sweet potatoes, promote the branches of the sweet potatoes to bear the sweet potatoes and greatly improve the potato bearing rate and the commodity rate of the sweet potatoes by the mutual synergistic cooperation of the compound nematode-preventing microbial agent, the compound continuous cropping-resistant microbial agent, the macroelement fertilizer, the medium element fertilizer, the active humic acid, the organic matter, the plant growth regulator and the surfactant and the reasonable use method.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Example 1:
a functional liquid fertilizer for promoting sweet potato branching and bearing potato production comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6 percent of composite anti-nematode microbial agent, 6 percent of composite anti-continuous cropping microbial agent, 20 percent of macroelement fertilizer, 3.5 percent of medium trace element fertilizer, 27.5 percent of organic matter, 25 percent of active humic acid, 0.42 percent of plant growth regulator, 0.5 percent of surfactant and the balance of water.
The composite anti-nematode microbial agent comprises paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma harzianum in a weight ratio of 1:1. The effective viable count of the composite anti-nematode agent in the product of the embodiment is 6 hundred million/ml. Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum were purchased commercially.
The composite continuous cropping resistant microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus mucilaginosus and saccharomycetes in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1, and the effective viable count of the composite continuous cropping resistant microbial agent in the product is 6 hundred million/ml. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus mucilaginosus and yeasts are all commercially available.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises urea ammonium nitrate solution, potassium polyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, wherein the ratio of the added nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:1:1.5, the concentration of the urea ammonium nitrate is 28%, the potassium polyphosphate and the potassium pyrophosphate are powder, the mass fraction of the potassium polyphosphate is 99%, and the mass fraction of the potassium pyrophosphate is 98%.
The medium element fertilizer comprises calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate in a weight ratio of 2:1, and the content of calcium and magnesium in the product is respectively more than or equal to 4 g/L and more than or equal to 2 g/L.
The organic matter comprises molasses and wood vinegar liquid in a weight ratio of 10:1, wherein the molasses mainly comprises amino acid which is more than or equal to 10%, biochemical fulvic acid which is more than or equal to 20%, and certain medium and trace elements, the wood vinegar liquid mainly comprises acetic acid which is more than or equal to 10%, amino acid which is more than or equal to 6%, and other water-soluble esters and ketones which are more than or equal to 8%.
Urea ammonium nitrate solution, potassium polyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, molasses and pyroligneous liquor were all purchased commercially.
The preparation method of the activated humic acid comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) activation: mixing lignite with 15% H2O2Mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1g to 0.3ml, reacting at normal temperature for 2H, adding purified water until the solid-liquid ratio reaches 1g to 6ml, adjusting pH to 1-2, centrifuging, precipitating, collecting acid-soluble humic acid solution, adjusting pH to 1 mol/L2SO4Regulating the solution, wherein the centrifugal precipitation is carried out for 2 times at 2000 r/min;
(2) neutralizing: adjusting the pH value of the acid-soluble humic acid solution obtained in the step (1) to 6-7 by using potassium hydroxide to prepare a humic acid solution;
(3) purifying and grading the humic acid solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain activated humic acid, purifying and grading the humic acid solution by using a dialysis membrane with the molecular weight of 1 kilodalton, collecting filtrate, and carrying out grading concentration by using a low-temperature drying mode to obtain the humic acid with the solid content of 30%.
The plant growth regulator comprises brassinolide and gibberellin with the weight ratio of 20:1, and the brassinolide selects a soluble powder product with the purity of 0.2 percent; gibberellin is a powder product with a purity of 90%. The surfactant is OP-10 alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether powder. 0.2% brassinolide powder was purchased from Zhengzhou jinfu chemical products, Inc., 90% gibberellin powder was purchased from Hubei Kangbao Tai fine chemical industries, and OP-10 alkylphenol ethoxylate was purchased from Zhengzhou Huixin chemical industries. The product of this example contains more than or equal to 160ppm of growth regulator and more than or equal to 0.5% of surfactant.
When the functional liquid fertilizer is prepared, the components are not directly mixed at one time, and the mixing sequence is as follows: firstly, fully and uniformly mixing urea ammonium nitrate, potassium polyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, and adjusting the pH value to be nearly neutral by using hydrochloric acid; then adding calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, fully and uniformly mixing for 0.5h, adding organic matter, and uniformly mixing; adding active humic acid and mixing uniformly; adding continuous cropping resisting composite bacteria and nematode resisting composite bacteria and mixing; adding plant growth regulator, mixing, adding surfactant, mixing, adding water, and mixing to obtain the functional liquid fertilizer.
Using the products prepared in example 1 to develop a field validation report
1 test site and materials
And 5 months in 2018, the effect verification of the functional liquid fertilizer is carried out in Shandong Hezeming county, Shawo village, and the effect verification of the functional liquid fertilizer is carried out.
The tested sweet potato variety: 25 of tobacco potato.
The soil to be tested is sandy loam, and after continuous cropping for 3 years, a field block with root rot and nematode diseases appears. Planting for 5 months and 18 days, wherein the row spacing is 70cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and the planting rate of seedlings is 3600 plants/mu.
The test material ① is the product of the invention in example 1, ② humic acid potassium control fertilizer (the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:8:24), and the potassium control is more than or equal to 8 percent (provided by Shandong agricultural fertilizer industry).
2 test protocol and Observation index
2.1 design of the experiment
The experiment designed 5 treatments, which were:
no fertilization and no treatment (CK);
base fertilizer application only (treatment 1);
applying base fertilizer and transplanting the dipped roots for 1 time (treatment 2), wherein in the root dipping treatment, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is diluted by 500 times and dipped into the roots for 1 hour;
applying base fertilizer, transplanting and dipping the roots for 1 time, and performing 1-time flushing treatment (treatment 3) in a cluster period, wherein in the root dipping treatment, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is diluted by 500 times and dipped for 1 hour, and in the cluster period, the flushing treatment is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 1 to 1000 times, and the flushing amount is 6L/mu;
applying base fertilizer, transplanting and dipping roots for 1 time, and spraying leaf surfaces for 1 time at the early stage of tendril throwing (treatment 4); when the root dipping treatment is carried out, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is diluted by 500 times and the root dipping is carried out for 1 hour; the foliage spraying is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer of the embodiment 1 to 600 times, and the single spraying amount is 60 ml/mu;
the method comprises the following steps of applying base fertilizer, transplanting and dipping roots for 1 time, performing flushing application for 1 time in a cluster period, and spraying leaf surfaces at the early stage of vine throwing for 1 time (treatment 5), wherein in the root dipping treatment, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is diluted by 500 times and dipped for 1 hour, the flushing application treatment in the cluster period is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer in the example 1 to 1000 times, and the flushing application amount is 6L/mu, and the leaf surface spraying is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer in the example 1 to 600 times and the single spraying amount is 60 ml/mu;
each process set 3 replicates. Each repeat area is 30m2Besides the inconsistent application of the functional liquid fertilizer, the base fertilizer and the process management are completely consistent. The base fertilizers applied in the treatment steps 1-5 are humic acid potassium control fertilizers provided by Shandong agriculture fertilizer industry (the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:8:24), and the humic acid potassium control fertilizers are 50 kg/mu.
2.2 sampling observation and observation indexes in the growth period.
And 6, 6 months and 10 days, investigating the survival rate of the potato seedlings at the early stage of the root mass.
And 6, 30 months and 30 days, wherein the main stem length of the sweet potatoes is investigated at the early stage of tendril throwing of the sweet potatoes.
And (4) measuring the chlorophyll content of the sweet potatoes, measuring the fresh weight (T) of the overground part and the fresh weight (R) of the underground part, and calculating the T/R ratio in the middle ridge sealing period of the sweet potatoes in 8 months and 16 days.
And (4) 10 months and 23 days, carrying out yield measurement in a harvest period, and investigating the number of single-plant potatoes, the weight of single potato blocks, the root tuber yield in unit area and the like.
Investigating commodity rate (0.3-1kg) and split rate, germ incidence rate and nematode incidence rate of sweet potatoes.
3 results and conclusions
TABLE 1 influence of the treatment methods on the initial growth index of sweet potato in tendril throwing stage
According to the field investigation and analysis in the early growth stage, the functional liquid fertilizer is used singly or in a combined mode by root dipping, flushing application, foliage spraying and the like, so that the survival rate, the main stem length, the branch tuber formation and the T/R of the sweet potatoes can be obviously improved.
The functional liquid fertilizer is rich in stimulating substances such as a composite anti-continuous cropping microbial inoculum and humic acid or a plant growth regulator, so that the root system activity of the sweet potatoes in the early growth stage is greatly improved, the physiological activity of the sweet potatoes is higher, and the growth and development of the sweet potatoes are accelerated.
According to survey and analysis of yield and sweet potato commodity survey, the functional liquid fertilizer can obviously improve the yield of the sweet potatoes, the commodity potato rate of dry matter content and obviously reduce the crack rate, the disease incidence rate and the nematode disease. The functional liquid fertilizer is rich in medium trace elements, supplements a soil nutrient short plate, fully utilizes the regulation and control effect of organic micromolecule nutrients on the sweet potatoes, enables the sweet potatoes to grow vigorously in the early stage, improves the growth period, shifts to the sweet potato expansion period, remarkably improves the yield and the dry matter weight, and reduces cracks. The composite nematode preventing microbial inoculum and the composite continuous cropping resisting microbial inoculum have better comprehensive prevention and control effects, and the occurrence of diseases and nematodes is greatly reduced.
TABLE 2 product application economic benefit analysis
Wherein the commodity rate is the ratio of sweet potato weight of 0.3-1kg to the total weight;
the improvement rate of the yield increase rate and the net profit is the comparison result of the treatments 2-5 and the treatment 1;
the gross profit is calculated as the per mu yield, the commodity rate and the market price, and the market price is 2 yuan/kg in the current year;
fertilizer cost: dipping the roots for 1 time to be 5 yuan/mu, and flushing for 1 time to be 30 yuan/mu; spraying leaves for 1 time to be 10 yuan/mu;
labor cost: the labor cost of dipping the roots for 1 time is 5 yuan/mu, the labor cost of flushing the roots for 1 time is 10 yuan, and the labor cost of spraying the leaves for 1 time is 10 yuan.
According to economic benefit analysis, compared with the common base fertilizer, the yield of the functional liquid fertilizer is increased by 275.9-683.4 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 26.2-48.6%, the net profit is increased by 737.5-1705.4 yuan/mu, and the profit is increased by 48.7-72.8%.
Example 2:
a functional liquid fertilizer for promoting sweet potato branching and bearing potato production comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of a compound nematode-preventing microbial inoculum, 5% of a compound continuous cropping-resistant microbial inoculum, 12% of a macroelement fertilizer, 5% of a medium trace element fertilizer, 20% of organic matters, 20% of active humic acid, 0.6% of a plant growth regulator, 1% of a surfactant and the balance of water.
The composite anti-nematode microbial agent comprises paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma harzianum in a weight ratio of 1:1. The effective viable count of the composite anti-nematode agent in the product of the embodiment is 5 hundred million/ml. Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum were purchased commercially.
The composite continuous cropping resistant microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus mucilaginosus and saccharomycetes in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1, and the effective viable count of the composite continuous cropping resistant microbial agent in the product is 6 hundred million/ml. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus mucilaginosus and yeasts are all commercially available.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises urea ammonium nitrate solution, potassium polyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, wherein the ratio of the added nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:1:4, the concentration of the urea ammonium nitrate is 28%, the mass fraction of the potassium polyphosphate is 99%, and the mass fraction of the potassium pyrophosphate is 98%.
The medium element fertilizer comprises calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate in a weight ratio of 2:1, wherein the addition content of calcium and magnesium in the product is respectively more than or equal to 5.6 g/L and more than or equal to 2.8 g/L.
The organic matter comprises molasses and wood vinegar liquid in a weight ratio of 10:1, wherein the molasses mainly comprises amino acid which is more than or equal to 10%, biochemical fulvic acid which is more than or equal to 20% and certain medium and trace elements, the wood vinegar liquid mainly comprises acetic acid which is more than or equal to 10%, amino acid which is more than or equal to 6%, and other water-soluble esters and ketones which are more than or equal to 8%.
Urea ammonium nitrate solution, potassium polyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, molasses and pyroligneous liquor were all purchased commercially.
The preparation method of the activated humic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) activation: mixing lignite with 15% H2O2Mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1g to 0.4ml, reacting at normal temperature for 2H, adding purified water until the solid-liquid ratio reaches 1g to 8ml, adjusting pH to 1-2, centrifuging, precipitating, collecting acid-soluble humic acid solution, adjusting pH to 1 mol/L2SO4Regulating the solution, wherein the centrifugal precipitation is carried out for 2 times at 2000 r/min;
(2) neutralizing: adjusting the pH value of the acid-soluble humic acid solution obtained in the step (1) to 6-7 by using potassium hydroxide to prepare a humic acid solution;
(3) purifying and grading the humic acid solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain activated humic acid, purifying and grading the humic acid solution by using a dialysis membrane with the molecular weight of 1 kilodalton, collecting filtrate, and carrying out grading concentration by using a low-temperature drying mode to obtain the humic acid with the solid content of 30 percent, wherein the content of micromolecule humic acid in the product of the embodiment is more than or equal to 60 g/L.
The plant growth regulator comprises brassinolide and gibberellin with the weight ratio of 20:1, and the brassinolide selects a soluble powder product with the purity of 0.2 percent; gibberellin is a powder product with a purity of 90%. The surfactant is OP-10 alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether powder. 0.2% brassinolide powder can be purchased from Zhengzhou jinfu chemical products, Inc., 90% gibberellin powder can be purchased from Hubei Kangbao Tai fine chemical industries, and OP-10 alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can be purchased from Zhengzhou Huixin chemical industries. The content of the growth regulator in the product of the embodiment is more than or equal to 200ppm, and the addition amount of the surfactant is more than or equal to 1%.
When the functional liquid fertilizer is prepared, the components are not directly mixed at one time, and the mixing sequence is as follows: firstly, fully and uniformly mixing urea ammonium nitrate, potassium polyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate, and adjusting the pH value to be nearly neutral by using hydrochloric acid; then adding calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, fully and uniformly mixing for 0.5h, adding organic matter, and uniformly mixing; adding active humic acid and mixing uniformly; adding continuous cropping resisting composite bacteria and nematode resisting composite bacteria and mixing; then adding plant growth regulator, mixing uniformly, finally adding surfactant, mixing uniformly, finally adding water, and mixing uniformly to obtain the functional liquid fertilizer.
Application example 2 Fertilizer efficiency report for field verification
1 background and materials for testing
And 6, 1 month and 2019, starting from Zhao village in Xiaxin county, east Shandong, developing the effect verification of the functional liquid fertilizer.
The tested sweet potato variety: jishu 26.
The soil to be tested is sandy loam, and after continuous cropping for 3 years, certain continuous cropping field blocks with diseases, pests and germs appear. Planting for 2 days in 6 months, wherein the row spacing is 80cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the planting rate is 4150 plants/mu.
The tested fertilizer product is ① the product of the invention in the embodiment 2, and ② humic acid potassium control fertilizer is 10-8-24, and the potassium control is more than or equal to 8 percent (provided by Shandong agricultural fertilizer industry).
2 test protocol and Observation index
2.1 protocol
5 treatments were designed for the experiment, namely no fertilization and no treatment (CK) respectively;
base fertilizer application only (treatment 1);
applying base fertilizer and transplanting to dip roots for 1 time (treatment 2); when the root dipping treatment is carried out, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 2 is diluted by 800 times and the root dipping is carried out for 1 hour;
applying base fertilizer, transplanting and dipping the roots for 1 time, and performing 1-time flushing treatment (treatment 3) in a cluster stage, wherein in the root dipping treatment, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the step 2 is diluted by 800 times and dipped for 1 hour, and in the cluster stage, the flushing treatment is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the step 2 to 1500 times, and the flushing amount is 5L/mu;
applying base fertilizer, transplanting and dipping roots for 1 time, and spraying leaf surfaces for 1 time at the early stage of tendril throwing (treatment 4); when the root dipping treatment is carried out, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 2 is diluted by 800 times and the root dipping is carried out for 1 hour; the foliage spraying is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer of the embodiment 2 to 1000 times, and the single spraying amount is 50 ml/mu;
the method comprises the following steps of applying base fertilizer, transplanting and dipping roots for 1 time, carrying out flushing application for 2 times in a cluster period, and carrying out foliage spray for 1 time in the early period of vine throwing (treatment 5), wherein in the root dipping treatment, the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in example 2 is diluted by 800 times and dipped for 1 hour, the flushing application treatment in the cluster period is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in example 2 to 1500 times, the flushing application amount is 5L/mu, and the foliage spray is to dilute the functional liquid fertilizer prepared in example 2 to 1000 times, and the single spraying amount is 50 ml/mu.
Each process set 3 replicates. Each repeat area is 30m2Besides the fertilization measures, the base fertilizer and the process management are completely consistent. The treatment of 1-5 applied base fertilizers is that 10-8-24 humic acid potassium control fertilizers are provided by Shandong agriculture fertilizer industry, and 50 kg/mu is provided.
2.2 sampling observation and detection indexes in the growth period are as follows:
and (5) surveying the survival rate of the potato seedlings in the early stage of the clumping in 6 months and 25 days.
7, 7 months and 7 days, the main stem length of the sweet potatoes is investigated at the early stage of tendril throwing of the sweet potatoes.
And (4) measuring the chlorophyll content of the sweet potatoes, measuring the fresh weight (T) of the overground part and the fresh weight (R) of the underground part, and calculating the T/R ratio in the middle ridge sealing period of the sweet potatoes after 8 months and 10 days.
And (5) 10 months and 15 days, carrying out yield measurement in a harvest period, and investigating the number of single-plant potatoes, the weight of single potato blocks, the root tuber yield in unit area and the like.
Investigating commodity rate (0.3-1kg) and split rate, germ incidence rate and nematode incidence rate of sweet potatoes.
3 results and conclusions
TABLE 3 influence of the treatments on the initial growth index of sweet potato in tendril throwing stage
According to field investigation and analysis in the early growth stage, the functional liquid fertilizer is rich in efficient slow-release nutrients, micromolecular active humic acid, a plant growth regulator and a composite anti-continuous cropping and anti-nematode microbial agent, and can be used singly or in a combined mode by root dipping, flushing application, foliage spraying and the like, so that the survival rate, the main stem length, the branch tuber number and the T/R of the sweet potatoes can be remarkably improved, and the growth process of the sweet potatoes is greatly accelerated.
According to survey and analysis of yield and commodity survey of sweet potatoes, the functional liquid fertilizer can also obviously improve the yield, the dry matter content and the commodity potato rate of the sweet potatoes, and can also obviously reduce the occurrence rate of cracks, diseases and bacteria and nematodes.
The functional liquid fertilizer disclosed by the invention is rich in medium trace elements, supplements a soil nutrient short plate, fully utilizes the regulation and control effect of organic micromolecule nutrients on the sweet potatoes, enables the sweet potatoes to grow vigorously in the early stage, seals ridges in the sweet potato expansion period in the early stage in the middle stage, remarkably improves the yield and the weight of dry matters, and reduces cracks. The composite nematode preventing microbial inoculum and the composite continuous cropping resisting microbial inoculum have better comprehensive prevention and control effects, and the incidence rate of diseases and nematodes is greatly reduced.
TABLE 4 product application economic benefit analysis
Wherein the commodity rate is the ratio of sweet potato weight of 0.3-1kg to the total weight;
the improvement rate of the yield increase rate and the net profit is the comparison result of the treatments 2-5 and the treatment 1;
the gross profit is calculated as the per mu yield, the commodity rate and the market price, and the market price is 2 yuan/kg in the current year;
fertilizer cost: dipping the roots for 1 time to be 5 yuan/mu, and flushing for 1 time to be 30 yuan/mu; spraying leaves for 1 time to be 10 yuan/mu;
labor cost: the labor cost of dipping the roots for 1 time is 5 yuan/mu, the labor cost of flushing the roots for 1 time is 10 yuan, and the labor cost of spraying the leaves for 1 time is 10 yuan.
According to economic benefit analysis, compared with the common base fertilizer, the functional liquid fertilizer has the advantages that the yield is increased by 82.4-420 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 1.9-9.5%, the commodity rate is increased by 1.3-7.9%, the net profit is increased by 248.2-1369.2 yuan/mu, and the profit is increased by 3.7-20.1%.
In summary, the field application effects of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 show that the functional liquid fertilizer has the same synergistic effect of 2 products of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 through the coordination effect of the combination substances such as efficient utilization of trace elements in chelation, growth and development stimulation of growth hormone substances, physiological regulation of activated micromolecular humic acid, comprehensive control of continuous cropping resistant composite microbial inoculum and anti-nematode microbial inoculum, and the like.
The physiological activity of the sweet potatoes can be regulated and controlled in the early stage, the number of multi-branch sweet potatoes is increased, the sweet potatoes are expanded early and quickly in the middle stage, the nematode-preventing compound bacteria and the continuous cropping-resistant compound bacteria are applied to comprehensively prevent and treat the bacterial damage and the nematode damage, and the application of farmland chemical pesticides and the like is reduced.
The yield, the quality and the benefit of the sweet potatoes with serious continuous cropping obstacles are obvious; in sweet potato cultivated land with relatively light continuous cropping, the yield is not greatly increased, but the split rate, the incidence rate of germs and stem nematodes are obviously reduced, and the quality and commodity rate of the sweet potatoes are improved. The product has the effect of greatly improving the economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit of sweet potato planting.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The functional liquid fertilizer for promoting branching and bearing of sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 4-12% of composite nematode-preventing microbial inoculum, 4-12% of composite continuous-cropping-resistant microbial inoculum, 5-20% of macroelement fertilizer, 2-6% of secondary element fertilizer, 20-40% of active humic acid, 20-40% of organic matter, 0.1-0.8% of plant growth regulator, 0.5-3% of surfactant and the balance of water.
2. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound nematode preventing agent comprises paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma harzianum.
3. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound anti-stubble microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycetes.
4. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the macroelement fertilizer comprises urea ammonium nitrate solution, potassium polyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate.
5. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary element fertilizer is calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate.
6. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic matter includes molasses and pyroligneous liquor.
7. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the active humic acid is prepared by the following method:
(1) and (3) activation: mixing brown coal with H2O2The ratio of solid to liquid of (1 g): (0.2-0.6) ml, mixing uniformly, reacting at normal temperature for 2h, adding purified water until the solid-to-liquid ratio reaches 1 g: (5-10) ml, adjusting the pH value to 1-2, centrifuging and precipitating, and taking supernatant to obtain acid-soluble humic acid solution;
(2) neutralizing: adjusting the pH of the acid-soluble humic acid solution obtained in the step (1) to 6-7 to prepare a humic acid solution;
(3) and (3) purifying and grading the humic acid solution prepared in the step (2) by using a dialysis membrane with the molecular weight of 1 ten thousand daltons, collecting filtrate, and concentrating to obtain active humic acid.
8. The functional liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant growth regulator comprises brassinolide and gibberellin.
9. Use of the functional liquid fertilizer of any one of claims 1-8 for promoting branch and tuber bearing of sweet potatoes.
10. The method for using a functional liquid fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises at least one step selected from the following (1) to (3); (1) dipping the roots with functional liquid fertilizer before transplanting; (2) drip irrigation or flushing application is carried out on functional liquid fertilizer in the balling stage or the tendril throwing stage; (3) and (4) after the potato seedlings are delayed to the pre-tendril throwing stage, spraying functional liquid fertilizer on the leaf surfaces.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112655305A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉科诺生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for promoting crop growth and resisting diseases by using multiple bactericides in synergistic manner |
| CN114424776A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-05-03 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | Compound microbial agent for preventing and treating meloidogyne incognita and preparation method thereof |
| CN114920596A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-08-19 | 云南润杰农业科技股份有限公司 | Microbial fertilizer for promoting fruit expansion and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112655305A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉科诺生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for promoting crop growth and resisting diseases by using multiple bactericides in synergistic manner |
| CN112655305B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-11-22 | 武汉科诺生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for promoting crop growth and resisting diseases by using multiple bactericides in synergistic manner |
| CN114920596A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-08-19 | 云南润杰农业科技股份有限公司 | Microbial fertilizer for promoting fruit expansion and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114424776A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-05-03 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | Compound microbial agent for preventing and treating meloidogyne incognita and preparation method thereof |
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