CN112703985A - Full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation - Google Patents

Full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation Download PDF

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CN112703985A
CN112703985A CN202011433512.9A CN202011433512A CN112703985A CN 112703985 A CN112703985 A CN 112703985A CN 202011433512 A CN202011433512 A CN 202011433512A CN 112703985 A CN112703985 A CN 112703985A
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peanut
full
fertilizer
field
fertilizing
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黄建青
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a full-tillage layer fertilizing method for peanut cultivation in open field, which comprises the steps of uniformly applying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and the like required in the full-growth period to peanut field at one time 1-2 days before peanut sowing, then using a mechanical tillage rake, requiring a tillage layer with the depth of 20-25 cm, uniformly distributing fertilizer in the full-tillage layer, raising the whole field into a compartment, and then sowing. And (4) carrying out topdressing outside roots in the flowering stage by combining disease and pest control and chemical control management. The invention effectively solves the problems of excessive fertilization times, unstable fertilizer supply and difficult mastering of topdressing time in the existing fertilization method, thereby preventing the plant from overgrowing and lodging, increasing the pod bearing number and the fruit weight, improving the fruit saturation rate and effectively reducing the labor cost and the labor intensity.

Description

Full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation.
[ background of the invention ]
Peanuts (Arachis shypogaeae Linn.) belong to annual herbaceous plants of Rosales (Rosales) and Leguminosae (leguminae), are main edible oil crops in China and play an important role in agricultural production.
At present, the peanuts are cultivated in the open field and generally fertilized for 4 times, namely base fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, topdressing in the flowering phase and topdressing outside roots, the fertilization times are too many, the fertilizer supply is not stable, the fertilization time is not easy to master, and the peanut cultivation method is easy to grow on vain and lodging and reduce the yield because the peanut cultivation period is short (120-130 days for spring sowing and 110-120 days for autumn sowing) and the topdressing time is too late if the fertilizer is too much.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a full-tillage layer fertilizing method for open-field peanut cultivation, which prevents overgrowth and lodging of plants, increases the number of pods, increases the weight of hundreds of fruits and improves the fruit saturation rate.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a full-tillage layer fertilizing method for open-field peanut cultivation comprises the following steps:
uniformly applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers required by the whole growth period into the peanut field at one time 1-2 days before peanut sowing;
then, uniformly distributing fertilizer in the whole plough layer by using a mechanical plough rake, wherein the depth of the mechanical plough rake is 20-25 cm, making the fertilizer in the whole plough layer, making the whole plough layer rise to a box, and then sowing;
topdressing is carried out outside roots in the flowering phase.
Further, the peanut fields are moderate-fertility field plots, and by taking 200-250 kg of target yield per 667 square meters, 6-8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer application amount per 667 square meters, 3-4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 7-9 kg of potassium oxide are applied, and 50-75 kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied.
Furthermore, the medium-fertility land plot comprises paddy fields and dry lands with 20-30 g/kg of organic matters, paddy fields with 100-200 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, dry lands with 100-150 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, paddy fields with 12-25 mg/kg of available phosphorus, dry lands with 15-25 mg/kg of available phosphorus, and paddy fields and dry lands with 80-120 mg/kg of available potassium.
Furthermore, the commercial organic fertilizer has the pH of 7-8, active beneficial bacteria of more than or equal to 0.3 hundred million/g, humic acid of 6 percent, organic matter of 20 percent, magnesium, calcium, silicon and sulfur secondary elements of more than or equal to 12 percent and zinc, iron, boron and manganese trace elements of more than or equal to 0.3 percent.
Further, the extra-root topdressing is implemented by adding 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate and a peanut dwarf and full grain foliar fertilizer once respectively when pesticide is sprayed by combining disease and pest control and chemical control management.
The invention has the advantages that: the problems that the conventional fertilizing method is too many in fertilizing times, unstable in fertilizer supply and difficult to master in topdressing time are effectively solved, so that the plant is prevented from overgrowing and falling down, meanwhile, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in a flower-needle period in combination with pest control and chemical control management, and a large amount of inorganic substances such as phosphorus and potassium and medium trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and the like are timely supplemented, so that blighted fruits can be effectively reduced, the number of pods is increased, the fruit saturation rate is increased due to the fact that a lot of fruits are heavy, the labor cost and the labor intensity are effectively reduced, the purpose of increasing income and saving expenses in the field peanut cultivation is achieved, and the.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The general idea of the invention is as follows: uniformly applying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and the like required by the whole growth period into the peanut field at one time 1-2 days before peanut sowing, then using a mechanical tillage rake, requiring a tillage layer with the depth of 20-25 cm, uniformly distributing fertilizers in the whole tillage layer, raising the whole field into a compartment, and then sowing. And (4) carrying out topdressing outside roots in the flowering stage by combining disease and pest control and chemical control management.
The above-described technical means will be described in detail by specific embodiments.
In 2018-2019, in a rural leisure land (which is a land block with medium fertility in a paddy field, namely 25.7g/kg of organic matter, 135.5mg/kg of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen (N), 15.2mg/kg of available phosphorus (P) and 88.6mg/kg of available potassium (K)) in a Guinea village river area in a Fujian province, a test method of the invention is carried out, and the test land is provided with two treatment methods, namely, a traditional fertilization method and a full-cultivation-layer fertilization method are respectively applied, so that the leisure land is divided into 6 sub-areas, the sub-areas are square meters with the area of 18, the width of 50 is formed among the sub-areas, and the height of 40 is separated by ridges of fields, wherein the sub-areas 1, 3 and 5 are randomly extracted as test sub-areas of the full-layer fertilization method, and the rest sub-areas 2, 4 and 6 are test sub-areas of the traditional fertilization method.
According to a traditional fertilization method, a plot 2, a plot 4 and a plot 6 are fertilized according to a soil testing formula suggestion card in Putian city, Fujian province, and each 667 square meter has a target yield of 250 kilograms, and each 667 square meter is applied with a base fertilizer: 8.5 kg of 46% of urea, 33 kg of 12% of calcium superphosphate, 7.5 kg of 60% of potassium chloride, 75 kg of commercial organic fertilizer (if the commercial organic fertilizer contains N, P, K elements, the fertilizer is thinned in corresponding fertilizing amount), and topdressing (seedling stage): 5 kg of 46% urea, topdressing (floral needle fertilizer): 3.5 kg of 46% urea, 7.5 kg of 60% potassium chloride, and external topdressing: spraying 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution in seedling stage and full-bloom stage.
The full-tillage layer fertilization method of the invention is characterized in that 46 percent of urea, 12 percent of calcium superphosphate, 60 percent of potassium chloride and commercial organic fertilizer (for example, N, P, K elements contained in the commercial organic fertilizer should be removed in corresponding fertilization amount) are all used as base fertilizer 1-2 days before sowing. Topdressing outside roots: in the flowering period, by combining with disease and pest control and chemical control management, 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizers such as peanut dwarf granules (amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, Fe + Mn + Zn + B is more than or equal to 20g/L) and the like are added once respectively when the pesticide is sprayed.
The seeding conditions of the above 6 cells are as follows:
the variety is 'Shanyou 71' in 2018, the sowing is carried out at 2 days in 4 months, single-grain staggered drilling is adopted, the variety is 'spring flower No. 10' in 2019, the sowing is carried out at 3 days in 4 months, the single-grain staggered drilling is adopted, the peanut land is divided into 6 cells, the area of each cell is 18 square meters, ridge spacing with the width of 50 cm and the height of 40 cm is carried out between the cells, and 540 grains (2 ten thousand grains per 667 square meter) are planted in each cell.
During harvesting, 5 plants are sampled in each cell in a plum blossom shape, and the main economic characters such as the number of plant pods, the fruit plumping rate, the weight of the hundreds of pods and the like and the actual measurement yield of peanuts in each treatment cell are investigated.
Tables 1 and 2 show the actual measured yield and the main economic characters of the peanuts in the 2018 peanut full-tillage layer fertilization method and the traditional fertilization method.
Table 1:
Figure BDA0002827507560000031
table 2:
Figure BDA0002827507560000041
tables 3 and 4 show the actual measured peanut yield and the main economic characters of the 2019 peanut full-tillage layer fertilization method and the traditional fertilization method.
Table 3:
Figure BDA0002827507560000042
table 4:
Figure BDA0002827507560000043
as can be seen from the above table, the two year test results of 2018 and 2019 are: the yield of the open field peanut cultivation method is increased by 6.9-8.1% per 667 square meters compared with the traditional fertilization method, and the full-tillage layer fertilization method can save the labor cost by about 100 yuan (1-day fertilization is reduced for every 667 square meters and 100 yuan is calculated per day), and reduce the area source pollution, i.e. the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.
The above description is only an example of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
uniformly applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers required by the whole growth period into the peanut field at one time 1-2 days before peanut sowing;
then, uniformly distributing fertilizer in the whole plough layer by using a mechanical plough rake, wherein the depth of the mechanical plough rake is 20-25 cm, making the fertilizer in the whole plough layer, making the whole plough layer rise to a box, and then sowing;
topdressing is carried out outside roots in the flowering phase.
2. The method for fertilizing a full plough layer for peanut cultivation on open field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the peanut field is a moderate-fertility field block, and comprises 200-250 kilograms of target yield per 667 square meter, 6-8 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 square meter, 3-4 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 7-9 kilograms of potassium oxide and 50-75 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer.
3. The method for fertilizing a full plough layer for peanut cultivation on open field according to claim 2, characterized in that: the medium-fertility land parcel is a paddy field with 20-30 g/kg of organic matters, a dry land with 10-20 g/kg of organic matters, a paddy field with 100-200 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, a dry land with 100-150 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, a paddy field with 12-25 mg/kg of available phosphorus, a dry land with 15-25 mg/kg of available phosphorus, a paddy field with 80-120 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium or a dry land with 80-120 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
4. The method for fertilizing a full plough layer for peanut cultivation on open field according to claim 2, characterized in that: the commercial organic fertilizer has the pH of 7-8, active beneficial bacteria of more than or equal to 0.3 hundred million/gram, humic acid of 6 percent, organic matter of 20 percent, magnesium, calcium, silicon and sulfur secondary elements of more than or equal to 12 percent and zinc, iron, boron and manganese trace elements of more than or equal to 0.3 percent.
5. The method for fertilizing a full plough layer for peanut cultivation on open field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the extra-root topdressing is characterized in that 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate and a peanut dwarf grain saturated foliar fertilizer are added once respectively when pesticides are sprayed by combining disease and pest control and chemical control management.
CN202011433512.9A 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 Full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation Pending CN112703985A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115777476A (en) * 2023-01-09 2023-03-14 沈阳农业大学 Method for improving drought stress resistance of peanuts by applying nitrogen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102701884A (en) * 2012-07-01 2012-10-03 李焕明 Biological compound fertilizer containing organic and inorganic components and preparation method thereof
CN105165385A (en) * 2015-11-02 2015-12-23 河南省农业科学院 Method for cultivating peanut in barren dryland with high yield
CN105230306A (en) * 2015-10-28 2016-01-13 山东省花生研究所 High-yield water-saving cultivation method for drip irrigation under plastic film of peanuts
CN109379959A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-26 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 A kind of peanut Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization
CN111247926A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-09 黄建青 Whole-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice
FR3093615A1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-18 Biotechnology Research Center Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences PROCESS FOR PLANTING PEANUTS ON A SALINE SOIL WITH ALKALIS AND SPECIAL FERTILIZER APPLIED IN THIS PROCEDURE

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102701884A (en) * 2012-07-01 2012-10-03 李焕明 Biological compound fertilizer containing organic and inorganic components and preparation method thereof
CN105230306A (en) * 2015-10-28 2016-01-13 山东省花生研究所 High-yield water-saving cultivation method for drip irrigation under plastic film of peanuts
CN105165385A (en) * 2015-11-02 2015-12-23 河南省农业科学院 Method for cultivating peanut in barren dryland with high yield
CN109379959A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-26 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 A kind of peanut Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization
FR3093615A1 (en) * 2019-03-14 2020-09-18 Biotechnology Research Center Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences PROCESS FOR PLANTING PEANUTS ON A SALINE SOIL WITH ALKALIS AND SPECIAL FERTILIZER APPLIED IN THIS PROCEDURE
CN111247926A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-09 黄建青 Whole-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115777476A (en) * 2023-01-09 2023-03-14 沈阳农业大学 Method for improving drought stress resistance of peanuts by applying nitrogen

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Inventor after: Huang Jianqing

Inventor after: Zheng Minghui

Inventor after: Xu Weidong

Inventor after: Qiu Jincan

Inventor after: Ke Bei

Inventor after: Jiang Lijuan

Inventor before: Huang Jianqing

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Application publication date: 20210427