CN111247926A - Whole-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice - Google Patents
Whole-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN111247926A CN111247926A CN202010138597.1A CN202010138597A CN111247926A CN 111247926 A CN111247926 A CN 111247926A CN 202010138597 A CN202010138597 A CN 202010138597A CN 111247926 A CN111247926 A CN 111247926A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a full-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice, which comprises the steps of firstly irrigating sufficient water in a rice field 2-3 days before seedling throwing, then uniformly applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required in the whole growth period in the rice field at one time, then using a mechanical harrow, requiring a plough layer with the depth of 15-20 cm for the mechanical harrow to uniformly distribute fertilizer in the whole plough layer, and then throwing the seedling. The invention effectively solves the problems of unstable fertilizer supply and difficult mastery of topdressing time in the existing fertilizing method, reduces ineffective tillering, increases effective spike, improves the spike forming rate and the maturing rate, and effectively reduces labor cost and labor intensity.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a rice fertilization method in the agricultural field, in particular to a fertilization method for early rice seedling throwing cultivation.
[ background of the invention ]
Rice seedling-throwing cultivation is an important innovation of rice cultivation, and years of practice prove that the rice seedling-throwing cultivation has the obvious effects of saving labor, seeds and seedling land, saving labor, increasing yield and income.
In the prior production, early rice seedling throwing cultivation is generally fertilized for 3 times, namely base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer, the early rice growth period is short, the influence of climate and the seedling throwing cultivation bring inconvenience to the grasping of field topdressing and topdressing time due to irregular rice seedling distribution, excessive fertilizer is applied to the rice, and excessive overgrowth and lodging can occur, thereby reducing the yield.
For example, chinese invention publication No. CN106034875A, published under 20161026, discloses a method for planting early season rice by mechanical seedling transplantation, comprising the following steps: seedling raising: applying rotten human and animal manure per mu; selecting early-medium-maturing rice varieties for sowing; seedbed management: applying weaning fertilizer in 2-leaf and 1-heart period; applying 'fertilizer grafting' 3-4 days before transplanting; throwing and planting: carrying out tillage and base fertilizer application in the field, wherein the throwing planting density is 2.8-3.5 ten thousand holes/mu; managing after planting: when the seedlings turn green and survive, fertilizer for promoting tillering is applied, and after nodes are pulled out, spike grain fertilizer is applied; artificial weeding is mainly adopted, and chemical weeding is adopted as an auxiliary; comprehensively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; more than 85% of rice ears can be harvested after being completely yellow and ripe. The invention discloses a method for planting early season rice on a paddy field, which comprises the following steps of dividing the early season rice field into three types of winter idle stubble, green manure stubble and rape stubble, and selecting a seedling raising soft disc with proper cultivation mode, sowing time and hole bowl number according to the characteristics of stubble and planting variety in the mature period; the invention adopts mechanical throwing planting, reduces labor intensity and improves work efficiency; the invention takes artificial weeding as the main part and chemical weeding as the auxiliary part for early rice, reduces the use amount of chemical pesticides and improves the quality of rice. The fertilization strategy is shown as follows: applying base fertilizer during throwing planting, applying tillering promoting fertilizer when seedlings turn green and survive, and applying spike grain fertilizer after node pulling; therefore, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times.
20171222, China with publication number CN107494099A discloses a no-tillage cultivation method for rice, which comprises the steps of (1) ① draining water, ② weeding, ③ irrigating and field soaking, ④ leveling the field surface, step (2) applying fertilizer to the rice seedlings in the whole field when the rice seedlings are upright after seedling throwing, step (3) irrigating shallow layers after seedling throwing, draining water after 7 days of seedling throwing, spraying herbicide and applying chemical fertilizer, step (4) applying fertilizer to combine organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for more than 30% of the total fertilizer application amount, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are mixed in a ratio of 1:0.5:1, zinc sulfate is 1-2 kg..
Published under 20190809 under CN110100673A A farming method for increasing the yield of double cropping rice without increasing the fertilizing amount, wherein shallow rotary tillage is adopted at the early stage of planting early rice; in the early stage of late rice planting, shallow rotary tillage is adopted, and the tillage depth is 15 cm; during the early rice planting period, early rice seedlings are planted, and the fertilizing amount is 11kg of pure N per mu of early rice; 5kgP per mu2O5The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time; 10kgK per mu2O (base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer: 3: 4: 3); during the late rice planting period, late rice seedlings are planted, and the fertilizing amount is 12kg of pure N per mu of early rice (base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer: 5: 3: 2); 3kgP per mu2O5The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time; 10kg K per mu2O (base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer: 3: 4: 3); in winter, shallow rotary tillage/deep ploughing is adopted, and the ploughing depth is more than 25 cm. The comprehensive fertilization strategy is as follows: the pure N fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer at one time, K2The O fertilizer is still used as a base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: and applying the spike fertilizer for three times. That is, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), etc. required for the whole growth period are not uniformly applied to the rice field at one time.
In view of the above, the applicant researches the defects of the prior art in an intensive manner to find a fertilization method suitable for seedling throwing cultivation of early rice, and develops the application.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the whole-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling throwing cultivation of early rice is provided, and the technical problems that the fertilization is not stable and the topdressing time is not easy to master in the existing fertilization method are effectively solved, so that ineffective tillering is reduced, effective spikes are increased, the bearing and bearing rate and the labor cost and the labor intensity are effectively reduced.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a full-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice comprises the steps of firstly irrigating sufficient water in a rice field 2-3 days before seedling throwing, then uniformly applying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and the like required in the whole growth period to the rice field at one time, then using a mechanical harrow, requiring a plough layer with the depth of 15-20 cm, uniformly distributing fertilizer in the full-plough layer, and then throwing seedling.
Further, the rice field is moderate-fertility land parcels (20-30 g/kg of organic matters, 100-200 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (N), 12-25 mg/kg of effective phosphorus (P) and 80-120 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium (K)), and the fertilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 10-11 kg, the phosphorus pentoxide (P) is 3-4 kg and the potassium oxide (K) is 7-9 kg, wherein the target yield of each 667 square meters is 500 kg.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention firstly irrigates enough water in the rice field 2-3 days before throwing seedlings, then uniformly applies all nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and the like required in the whole growth period into the rice field at one time, and then uses machinery as a deep tillage rake to uniformly distribute the fertilizer in the whole tillage layer, and then throws the seedlings, thereby effectively solving the problems that the fertilizer supply is not stable, the topdressing time is not easy to master, ineffective tillering is reduced, effective spikes are increased, and the spikelet forming rate and the bearing rate are improved through the one-time whole-layer fertilization of 'cultivating soil with fertilizer and cultivating rice with soil'; effectively reduces the labor cost and the labor intensity so as to achieve the purposes of increasing the income and saving the expenditure in early rice seedling throwing cultivation, and has important significance.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The embodiment of the invention provides a full-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling throwing cultivation of early rice, wherein the full layer is a full plough layer, and the technical problems that fertilizer supply is not stable and topdressing time is not easy to master in the existing fertilization method are solved, so that the technical effects of reducing ineffective tillering, increasing effective spikes, improving the heading rate and the maturing rate and effectively reducing labor cost and labor intensity are achieved.
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention has the following general idea: the method comprises the steps of firstly irrigating sufficient water in a rice field 2-3 days before seedling throwing, then uniformly applying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and the like required in the whole growth period in the rice field at one time, then mechanically making deep ploughing harrows to uniformly distribute fertilizers in a whole tillage layer, and then throwing the seedlings, thereby effectively solving the technical problems existing in the existing fertilizing method.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the above technical solutions are described in detail by specific embodiments below.
Examples
In 2017-2018, a test by applying the fertilizing method disclosed by the invention is carried out on a leisure land (which is a land with medium fertility, namely 20-30 g/kg of organic matters, 100-200 mg/kg of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen (N), 12-25 mg/kg of available phosphorus (P) and 80-120 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium (K)) in a Guinea pond head-leakage-reduction village in a river-town river region of a Purpurent field in Fujian province, and two processing methods are set in the test land, namely a traditional fertilizing method and a full-layer one-time fertilizing method are respectively applied to divide the leisure land into 6 small areas, wherein the area of each small area is 13.34 square meters, the width between the small areas is 15cm, and the height is 12 ridges are separated. Wherein, randomly extracting the subdistricts 1, 3 and 5 as the test subdistricts of the full-layer one-time fertilization method, and taking the other subdistricts 2, 4 and 6 as the test subdistricts of the traditional fertilization method.
According to a traditional fertilization method, a plot 2, a plot 4 and a plot 6 are fertilized according to a soil testing formula suggestion card in Putian city, Fujian province, and each 667 square meter has a target yield of 500 kg, and each 667 square meter is applied with a base fertilizer: 12kg of 46% urea, 30 kg of 12% calcium superphosphate, 7 kg of 70% potassium chloride, and tillering fertilizer: 9 kg of 46% urea, 5kg of 70% potassium chloride, and a total of panicle fertilizer: and 3kg of 46% urea. Applying base fertilizer 2-3 times before throwing seedlings, applying tillering fertilizer 10 days after throwing seedlings, applying spike fertilizer in the second stage of spike differentiation,
the full-layer one-time fertilization method of the invention is to irrigate the paddy field with enough water 2-3 days before seedling growing, and take 46% of urea, 12% of calcium superphosphate and 70% of potassium chloride as base fertilizers.
Wherein:
cell 1: taking 500 kilograms of target yield per 667 square meters, the fertilization amount per 667 square meters is: 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P) and 8 kg of potassium oxide (K); and uniformly applying the fertilizer in the rice field at one time, and then using a mechanical tillage rake, wherein the depth of the mechanical tillage rake is required to be 15-20 cm, so that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the whole tillage layer.
And 3, cell: taking 500 kilograms of target yield per 667 square meters, the fertilization amount per 667 square meters is: 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P) and 7 kg of potassium oxide (K); and uniformly applying the fertilizer in the rice field at one time, and then using a mechanical tillage rake, wherein the depth of the mechanical tillage rake is required to be 15-20 cm, so that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the whole tillage layer.
And a cell 5: taking 500 kilograms of target yield per 667 square meters, the fertilization amount per 667 square meters is: the nitrogen fertilizer (N) comprises 11kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 3kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P) and 9 kg of potassium oxide (K); and uniformly applying the fertilizer in the rice field at one time, and then using a mechanical tillage rake, wherein the depth of the mechanical tillage rake is required to be 15-20 cm, so that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the whole tillage layer.
The seeding conditions of the above 6 cells are as follows:
the variety is Shanyou 016 in 2017, the sowing is carried out at 16 months, the flexible disk is adopted for seedling raising, the throwing planting is carried out at 14 days in 4 months, the variety is YouI 028 in 2018, the sowing is carried out at 15 days in 3 months, the flexible disk is adopted for seedling raising, the throwing planting is carried out at 15 days in 4 months, the rice field is divided into small areas, the area of each small area is 13.34 cm square meters, the width of each small area is 15cm, the height of each small area is 12 cm, and the ridge is divided, and the throwing planting is carried out in each small area for 340 clusters (1.7 million clusters per 667 cm square meter).
During harvesting, each cell adopts a quincunx shape to sample 5 clusters respectively, and the economic characters such as effective spike, grain number per spike, maturing rate, thousand grain weight and the like and the rice yield of each treatment cell are investigated.
Tables 1 and 2 show the rice yield and main economic characters of the rice subjected to the whole-layer one-time fertilization and the traditional fertilization in seedling throwing cultivation of early rice in 2017.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Tables 3 and 4 show the rice yield and main economic characters of the rice subjected to the whole-layer one-time fertilization and the traditional fertilization in seedling throwing cultivation of early rice in 2018.
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the above table, the two year test results of 2017 and 2018 are: the yield of rice cultivated by throwing seedlings of early rice is increased by 6.4-7.6% per square meter 667 by adopting the one-time fertilization method of the invention compared with the traditional fertilization method, and the one-time fertilization method of the invention can save the labor cost by about 50 yuan (0.5 days for two fertilization meters per square meter 667 and 100 yuan per day for every square meter 667) and reduce the area source pollution, i.e. the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A full-layer one-time fertilization method for seedling-throwing cultivation of early rice is characterized in that: fully irrigating the rice field 2-3 days before throwing seedlings, uniformly applying all nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required in the whole growth period to the rice field at one time, then using a mechanical harrow, requiring a plough layer with the depth of 15-20 cm to uniformly distribute fertilizer in the whole plough layer, and then throwing the seedlings.
2. The method for one-time fertilization of the whole layer of early rice by seedling throwing cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rice field is a plot with medium fertility, and the yield per 667 square meters is 500 kg, the fertilization rate is 10-11 kg of nitrogen fertilizers, 3-4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 7-9 kg of potassium oxide.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112703985A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-27 | 黄建青 | Full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1258659A (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2000-07-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Once whole-layer fertilizer applying method for double-harvest rice and the special fertilizer compounding process |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1258659A (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2000-07-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Once whole-layer fertilizer applying method for double-harvest rice and the special fertilizer compounding process |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 郑云雨等: "水稻氮、磷、钾肥一次性全层基施法", 《中国稻米》 * |
| 黄建青等: "早稻抛秧栽培的施肥方法研究", 《福建稻麦科技》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112703985A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-27 | 黄建青 | Full-tillage layer fertilizing method for outdoor peanut cultivation |
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Application publication date: 20200609 |