CN110915395A - Combed fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting - Google Patents
Combed fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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Abstract
The invention discloses a package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting. The method adopts two fertilizers, namely a compound fertilizer special for tobacco and an additional fertilizer special for tobacco, in different growth periods in the tobacco planting process; the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is an organic-inorganic active fertilizer, wherein the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 23-28%, and the organic matter content is 20-25%; the special tobacco top dressing is a water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, wherein the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 46-53%. The package fertilization method provided by the invention performs fertilization according to the fertilizer requirement rule of tobacco, has stronger pertinence, and has the advantages of simplifying fertilization, saving labor, stabilizing the yield of tobacco leaves, improving the quality of the tobacco leaves, saving cost, improving efficiency, improving the cultivated land quality and having high fertilizer utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting.
Background
Tobacco is an important economic crop in China, the China is the first major country for tobacco leaf production in the world at present, tobacco areas in the Jiangxi province serve as an important flue-cured tobacco production place in China, with the increase of mechanization degree, the tobacco growing area of each family is gradually increased, and a plurality of tobacco growing major households emerge; particularly, when a large planting user hires a worker to fertilize, the variety and the application amount of the fertilizer are easy to be mistaken; in addition, in the planting process, due to the habit problem of fertilization, supplement of medium trace elements is often neglected, so that the growth levels of tobacco leaves are uneven, and the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves are influenced, so that tobacco planting soil is degraded in tobacco areas in the Jiangxi province, the granular structure of the soil is seriously damaged, the permeability is reduced, the microbial activity is reduced, the content of organic matters is greatly reduced, and the nutrient supply is unbalanced. The soil cohesive hardening influences the normal growth and development of tobacco plants, which is a key factor for the quality reduction of tobacco leaves in old tobacco regions, so that the search for a fertilizing method which can improve the physicochemical properties of soil while improving the quality of tobacco leaves becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems in the prior art are that the traditional old tobacco area tobacco fertilization fertilizer is various in types and complex in fertilization process, tobacco leaves are prone to being uneven in growth level, the conservation of tobacco planting soil in the tobacco area and the sustainable development of the tobacco leaves cannot be achieved, and especially for some old tobacco areas, the old tobacco area soil is hardened due to the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers, and the quality of flue-cured tobacco is reduced.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting is characterized in that a special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied once 10-15 days before tobacco transplantation; applying tobacco special topdressing once 7-10 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying tobacco special topdressing once 15-20 days after transplanting; applying tobacco special topdressing once 30-35 days after transplanting; the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is an organic-inorganic active fertilizer, wherein the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 23-28%, and the organic matter content is 20-25%; the special tobacco top dressing is a water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 46-53%. The specific method comprises the following steps: applying 100-125 kg of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco per mu 10-15 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 3-5 kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 7-10 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying 10-15 kg of special topdressing for tobacco per mu 15-20 days after transplanting; and applying 10-15 kg of special topdressing for tobacco per mu 30-35 days after transplanting.
According to the package fertilization method for tobacco planting, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 5-6: 6-8: 12-14.
According to the package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting, the special compound fertilizer for tobacco also contains boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder, and the activated shell powder can improve soil; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%.
According to the package fertilization method for tobacco planting, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the special additional fertilizer for tobacco is 8-11: 4-5: 34-37.
According to the package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting, the special topdressing for tobacco also contains amino acid, boron, zinc and amino-oligosaccharin; the amino acid content is 5-8%, and the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%, respectively.
The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting specifically comprises the following steps: applying 100kg of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco for each mu 15 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 3kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 7 days after the tobacco is transplanted; 15kg of special tobacco topdressing is applied to each mu 15 days after transplanting; applying 15kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 30 days after transplanting; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 6: 8: 14, and the content of organic matters is 25%; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special tobacco top dressing is 8: 5: 37, and the content of amino acid is 5%; the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%.
The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting specifically comprises the following steps: applying 115kg of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco to each mu 12 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 4kg of special tobacco topdressing per mu 10 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying 12kg of special tobacco topdressing per mu 20 days after transplanting; applying 15kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 35 days after transplanting; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 5: 7: 12, and the content of organic matters is 23%; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special tobacco top dressing is 11: 4: 34, and the amino acid content is 6%; the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%.
The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting specifically comprises the following steps: applying 125kg of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco to each mu 10 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 5kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 8 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying 10kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 18 days after transplanting; applying 10kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 32 days after transplanting; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 5: 6: 13, and the content of organic matters is 20%; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special tobacco top dressing is 9: 5: 35, and the content of amino acid is 8%; the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the product of the invention is designed according to the demand of the flue-cured tobacco for nutrients in the planting process, ensures a large amount of nutrient elements in the fertilizer, is added with medium trace elements, can meet the nutrient elements required by the growth of tobacco plants, and has comprehensive nutrients, reasonable compatibility, strong pertinence, simple operation and labor saving.
(2) The invention scientifically matches medium-trace nutrient elements and active ingredients, and effectively improves the stress resistance of tobacco plants.
(3) The active ingredients for improving the soil and the active ingredients for enhancing the tobacco plant resistance are added, after the fertilizer is applied, the effects of gradually improving the soil, improving the cultivated land quality and enhancing the tobacco plant resistance can be achieved, and the fertilizer is particularly beneficial to soil improvement in some old tobacco areas which are planted by using a large amount of chemical fertilizers.
(4) The organic combination of major elements, medium and trace elements and soil improvement components can obviously improve the micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere of the soil and improve the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
Example 1
A package chemical fertilization method suitable for Jiangxi tobacco regions is characterized in that 100kg of compound fertilizer special for tobacco (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6: 8: 14, the content of organic matters is 25 percent, and the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05 percent, 0.5 percent, 0.02 percent, 0.01 percent and 5 percent) is applied to each mu 15 days before tobacco transplantation; after 7 days of tobacco transplantation, 3kg of tobacco special topdressing (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 8: 5: 37, the content of amino acid is 5 percent, the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2 percent, 0.1 percent and 1 percent, the same below) is applied to each mu; 15kg of special tobacco topdressing is applied to each mu 15 days after transplanting; and applying 15kg of topdressing special for tobacco 30 days after transplanting per mu.
Example 2
A package chemical fertilization method suitable for Jiangxi tobacco regions is characterized in that 115kg of compound fertilizer special for tobacco (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5: 7: 12, the content of organic matters is 23 percent, and the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05 percent, 0.5 percent, 0.02 percent, 0.01 percent and 5 percent) is applied to each mu 12 days before tobacco transplantation; applying 4kg of tobacco special topdressing (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 11: 4: 34, the content of amino acid is 6 percent, the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2 percent, 0.1 percent and 1 percent, the same below) 10 days after the tobacco is transplanted per mu; applying 12kg of special tobacco topdressing per mu 20 days after transplanting; and applying 15kg of special topdressing for tobacco in each mu 35 days after transplanting.
Example 3
A package chemical fertilization method suitable for Jiangxi tobacco regions is characterized in that 125kg of special compound fertilizer for tobacco (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5: 6: 13, the content of organic matters is 20 percent, and the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05 percent, 0.5 percent, 0.02 percent, 0.01 percent and 5 percent) is applied to each mu 10 days before tobacco transplantation; after 8 days of tobacco transplantation, 5kg of tobacco special topdressing (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 9: 5: 35, the content of amino acid is 8 percent, the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2 percent, 0.1 percent and 1 percent, the same below) is applied to each mu; applying 10kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 18 days after transplanting; and applying 10kg of topdressing special for tobacco in each mu 32 days after transplanting.
And (3) field test:
the test field is arranged in the town of the Bingjiang village of the Bingchang county, le' an, the Chang city, the Chang village, and the test time is 2 months to 10 months in 2018. The tested soil is sandy loam, and the basic physicochemical properties are as follows: 32.38g/kg of organic matter, 1.98g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.49g/kg of total phosphorus, 19.57g/kg of total potassium, 172.16mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 30.12mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 92.24mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 5.54 of pH value; the tobacco variety is Yunyan 97. The special compound fertilizer for tobacco in examples 1, 2 and 3 was applied to 25 days in 2 months, 27 days in 2 months and 1 day in 3 months, respectively, and the control group was applied to 25 days in 2 months, wherein the applied fertilizer was 50kg of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco plus 60kg of organic fertilizer (the proportion of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco was 12-6-21, the manufacturer was Yunnan Spanish Blume GmbH, the organic fertilizer was fermented Acer truncatum seed cake fertilizer, and the manufacturer was Yunnan Spanish GmbH).
The test is repeated for 3 times, the block is randomly designed, the block is arranged along the soil fertility gradient direction, 60 plants are planted in each cell, the block is set as a 3-row block, 20 plants are planted in each row, the cultivation specification is 1.2m multiplied by 0.5m, the tobacco leaves in each cell are collected singly, are put on a kang by weaving rods independently, are treated separately after being baked, and are weighed and recorded. Other cultivation management is the same, such as: watering is carried out after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, watering is carried out from one end of each tobacco ridge along the opened ditch with a water faucet, the watering amount is 8kg/m, when water is watered to the other end of each tobacco ridge, the watering is stopped, and other ditches are watered; and weeding is carried out regularly according to actual conditions (the growth conditions of the plots are different, so that the weeding time of the plots is not uniform, and the specific time cannot be recorded), and the tobacco seedlings need to be protected during weeding.
Transplanting is started in 10 days in 3 months, the transplanting is started in 4 months and 16 days in the stem-growing period, the transplanting is started in 5 months and 6 days in the vigorous growing period, the transplanting is started in 12 days in 6 months and 12 days in the mature period, the harvesting and baking are respectively carried out in 14 days in 6 months, 25 days in 6 months, 5 days in 7 months and 21 days in 7 months, the harvesting and baking are independently carried out in different districts, the tobacco leaves are respectively weighed and recorded according to the treatment after grading, and the yield of each.
The test results are as follows:
1. influence of different embodiments on agronomic characters of tobacco leaves in flat top period
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height, the number of effective leaves, the stem circumference, the middle leaves and the upper leaves of the fertilizer applied in the experimental example are superior to those of the conventional fertilizer.
TABLE 1 influence of different examples on agronomic traits of tobacco leaves in the plateau phase
2. Influence of different embodiments on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco
According to GB2635-1992, the primary flue-cured tobacco leaves are graded and counted, and as shown in the results of economic properties of flue-cured tobacco in Table 2, compared with conventional control, the fertilizer applied to the experimental examples has obvious effects of increasing yield and value of the tobacco, and the proportion of upper and middle tobacco is obviously improved.
TABLE 2 Effect of different examples on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco
3. Effect of different examples on the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves
As can be seen from Table 3, after the fertilizers of the examples are applied, total nitrogen, nicotine and chlorine are obviously reduced, and total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium are improved to a certain extent, which indicates that the quality of tobacco leaves is improved to a certain extent. The total sugar and reducing sugar are measured by YC/T159-2002; the nicotine is measured by YC/T160-2002; the total nitrogen is measured by YC/T161-2002; the chlorine is measured by YC/T162-2002; the potassium was measured using YC/T173-2003.
TABLE 3 Effect of the different examples on the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves
4. Effect of the different examples on the evaluation of tobacco Smoke quality (evaluation of tobacco Smoke quality YC/T138-1998)
TABLE 4 influence of different examples on tobacco panel test smoking identification
| Treatment of | Quality of fragrance | Amount of fragrance | Miscellaneous qi | Stiff head | Irritation property | Aftertaste | Total score |
| CK | 6.17 | 6.33 | 6.17 | 5.67 | 6 | 6.17 | 36.51 |
| Example 1 | 6.33 | 6.36 | 6.36 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.42 | 37.47 |
| Example 2 | 6.5 | 6.42 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 37.92 |
| Example 3 | 6.42 | 6.33 | 6.42 | 5.67 | 6 | 6.5 | 37.34 |
The tobacco leaves treated by the smoking evaluation and application examples have good aroma quality, sufficient aroma amount, good overall sensory quality and highest score.
5. Tobacco grower tobacco yield per mu statistical table in different embodiments
TABLE 5 statistics of tobacco yield per mu for tobacco growers in different examples (Yuan/mu)
As can be seen from Table 5, the fertilizer product of the present invention, although slightly higher in price, can save labor and labor, and at the same time, the net profit obtained by tobacco planting is significantly higher than that obtained by conventional fertilization.
The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, and it should be understood that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalents or equivalent changes fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting is characterized in that a special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied once 10-15 days before tobacco transplantation; applying tobacco special topdressing once 7-10 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying tobacco special topdressing once 15-20 days after transplanting; applying tobacco special topdressing once 30-35 days after transplanting; the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is an organic-inorganic active fertilizer, wherein the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 23-28%, and the organic matter content is 20-25%; the special tobacco top dressing is a water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 46-53%.
2. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific method is as follows: applying 100-125 kg of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco per mu 10-15 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 3-5 kg of special tobacco topdressing per mu 7-10 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying 10-15 kg of special topdressing for tobacco per mu 15-20 days after transplanting; and applying 10-15 kg of special topdressing for tobacco per mu 30-35 days after transplanting.
3. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 5-6: 6-8: 12-14.
4. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the special compound fertilizer for tobacco further comprises boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%.
5. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the special tobacco top dressing is 8-11: 4-5: 34-37.
6. The package fertilization method for planting flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the special tobacco top dressing further contains amino acid, boron, zinc and amino-oligosaccharin; the amino acid content is 5-8%, and the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%, respectively.
7. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by specifically comprising: applying 100kg of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco for each mu 15 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 3kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 7 days after the tobacco is transplanted; 15kg of special tobacco topdressing is applied to each mu 15 days after transplanting; applying 15kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 30 days after transplanting; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 6: 8: 14, and the content of organic matters is 25%; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special tobacco top dressing is 8: 5: 37, and the content of amino acid is 5%; the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%.
8. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by specifically comprising: applying 115kg of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco to each mu 12 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 4kg of special tobacco topdressing per mu 10 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying 12kg of special tobacco topdressing per mu 20 days after transplanting; applying 15kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 35 days after transplanting; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 5: 7: 12, and the content of organic matters is 23%; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special tobacco top dressing is 11: 4: 34, and the amino acid content is 6%; the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%.
9. The package fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by specifically comprising: applying 125kg of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco to each mu 10 days before the tobacco is transplanted; applying 5kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 8 days after the tobacco is transplanted; applying 10kg of special tobacco topdressing for each mu 18 days after transplanting; applying 10kg of special tobacco topdressing to each mu 32 days after transplanting; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 5: 6: 13, and the content of organic matters is 20%; the contents of boron, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and activated shell powder are respectively 0.05%, 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.01% and 5%; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the special tobacco top dressing is 9: 5: 35, and the content of amino acid is 8%; the contents of boron, zinc and active component amino-oligosaccharin are respectively 0.2%, 0.1% and 1%.
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