CN109691279B - Fertilizing method for enhancing and improving quality and reducing environmental emission of flue-cured tobacco planted in lake basin area - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for enhancing and improving quality and reducing environmental emission of flue-cured tobacco planted in lake basin area Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 190
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 60
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for planting flue-cured tobacco in lake basin areas, which comprises the steps of adding solid decomposed livestock organic fertilizer into tobacco pond soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode; then applying the liquid humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer twice, simultaneously applying potassium sulfate for the second time, and then covering soil. The method provided by the invention can ensure that the tobacco yield and the output value are improved, and simultaneously, the tobacco quality is also improved, and the method solves the great problem that the prior art has not solved the problem that the tobacco planting and the lake basin water quality protection bring out the best in each other, so that the fertilizing method for planting the flue-cured tobacco in the lake basin area has extremely wide application value.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting. More specifically, the invention relates to a fertilizing method for enhancing efficiency, improving quality and reducing environmental emission of flue-cured tobacco planted in lake basin areas.
[ background of the invention ]
At present, a farmland ecosystem widely has the problem of excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements, so that the content of the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements in soil exceeds the standard, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements are discharged into nearby rivers or sea areas through water and soil loss and the effects of ground runoff and rainwater scouring, so that the problem of eutrophication of water bodies is caused.
Under specific climatic conditions, the type, the dosage, the mode, the time and the like of the fertilizer are important influence factors for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss of farmlands. Although there have been many studies in the past, the results clearly show that the fertilization methods described above vary widely between different crop species and different regions. How to construct a proper fertilizing method according to the growth characteristics of different crops is still the key point in research and production. In terms of flue-cured tobacco production, flue-cured tobacco is a crop with heavy quality, especially heavy quality, and although an attempt is made in the past to replace chemical fertilizers by additionally applying organic fertilizers, tobacco plants in fields grow green and are not normally yellow and mature, or the quality of the cured and modulated tobacco leaves is reduced, the income of tobacco growers is reduced, and the high-quality requirements of cigarette industry enterprises on raw materials are difficult to guarantee. How to realize the yield and quality benefits of the tobacco raw materials and the water quality protection of lake watersheds while taking into consideration is still a great problem in production.
Based on the above, by combining the requirements of high quality and high yield of flue-cured tobacco production and environmental emission reduction, the inventor develops a reasonable and optimized matched fertilization technology for organic fertilizer for enhancing efficiency and improving quality of flue-cured tobacco production and reducing environmental emission in lake basin so as to realize win-win situation of high-quality flue-cured tobacco production and environmental protection.
[ summary of the invention ]
[ problem to be solved ]
The invention aims to provide a fertilizing method for enhancing efficiency, improving quality and reducing environmental emission of flue-cured tobaccos planted in lake basin areas.
[ solution ]
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for enhancing efficiency, improving quality and reducing environmental emission of flue-cured tobacco planted in a lake basin area.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
A. base fertilizer application
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, adding the solid decomposed livestock organic fertilizer into the tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
B. applying additional fertilizer
And (3) topdressing the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer for the first time in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem base of the tobacco plant on 10-14 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, topdressing the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer for the second time on 35-42 days in the same mode, simultaneously applying potassium sulfate in an annular mode or a dot mode, and then earthing.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lake basin soil has an available phosphorus content of 0.002%% P by weight2O5The above.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the total nitrogen amount of the organic fertilizer for decomposed poultry and livestock and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied in the whole flue-cured tobacco planting process is 90-98% of the total nitrogen amount of the inorganic fertilizer or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer applied in the common tobacco field.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for livestock and poultry comprises 45-55% of organic matters, 2.5-3.5% of N and 2.5-3.5% of P by weight2O5And 7.0-8.0% K2O。
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for livestock and poultry is a solid decomposed organic fertilizer for cow dung.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step A, the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for livestock is applied in an amount of 35-45% by weight of nitrogen based on the total nitrogen application in the flue-cured tobacco planting period.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer contains 2.5-4.0% of humic acid, 6.0-8.0% of N, and 5.0-10.0% of P by weight2O5And 5.5 to 7.5% K2O。
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step B, the application amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 55-65% of the total nitrogen application amount in the flue-cured tobacco planting period in terms of nitrogen weight.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step B, potassium sulfate is applied in an amount of 25 to 35 kg/mu.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step B, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied for the first time is 30-36% of the total nitrogen amount of the topdressing in the step B in terms of nitrogen weight; and B, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied for the second time is 64-70% of the total nitrogen amount of the topdressing in the step B by weight of nitrogen.
The present invention will be described in more detail below.
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for enhancing efficiency, improving quality and reducing environmental emission of flue-cured tobacco planted in a lake basin area.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
A. base fertilizer application
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, adding the solid decomposed livestock organic fertilizer into the tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
in the present invention, the lake basin is understood to be an area formed by soil developed by sedimentary matrix or alluvial matrix around the lake.
According to the invention, the effective phosphorus content of the lake basin soil is 0.002%% P by weight2O5This is because the soil formed by the development of sedimentary or alluvial matrices contains, on the one hand, a certain amount of phosphorus, which is also carried over by the agricultural process.
The tobacco moisture and tobacco pond preparation work mainly comprises soil pretreatment steps of leveling the soil, ridging (ridging) according to a row spacing of 110-120 cm, wherein the height of the furrow is 35cm, the width of the bottom of the furrow is 70-80cm, the width of the furrow surface is 35-50cm, and digging ponds on the furrow surface according to a plant spacing of 55-60 cm, and the like.
According to the invention, in the whole flue-cured tobacco planting process, the total nitrogen amount of the applied decomposed livestock organic fertilizer and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is 90-98% of the total nitrogen amount of the inorganic fertilizer or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer applied to the common tobacco field.
In the invention, the total nitrogen amount of the organic fertilizer for rotten poultry and livestock and the water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) containing humic acid applied by the invention is slightly lower than the common tobacco field application amount, because the fertilizer application time and the quantity proportion of the fertilizer applied in different times are optimized according to the growth characteristics of tobacco plants and the good quality forming rule of tobacco leaves.
In the present invention, the general tobacco field application of the inorganic fertilizer or the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is understood to mean the inorganic fertilizer or the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer used when the existing tobacco seedlings are planted in the general tobacco field, for example, the inorganic fertilizer sold under the trade name of Yunyan leaf fertilizer, manufactured by Yunnan Yunyuan Nature Biochemical group, and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer sold under the trade name of Nongfwang, manufactured by Yunnan Yunyuan Nature Biochemical group. The total nitrogen amount of the inorganic fertilizer or the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer applied to the tobacco field is 1.5-4 kg/mu.
According to the invention, the application amount of the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for livestock is 35-45% of the total nitrogen application amount in the flue-cured tobacco planting period by weight of nitrogen. If the application amount of the solid decomposed livestock organic fertilizer is less than 35 percent, the nutrition is insufficient in the early stage, so that the tobacco seedlings grow slowly; if the application amount of the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for the livestock is higher than 45 percent, the nutrition is excessive in the early stage of the meeting, the early growth of tobacco plants is not facilitated, and the internal quality of tobacco leaves is influenced; therefore, the application amount of the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for the livestock is appropriate to be 35-45% by weight of nitrogen.
The solid decomposed livestock organic fertilizer used in the invention is, for example, a solid decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer, and the solid decomposed livestock organic fertilizer contains 45-55% by weight of organic matters, 2.5-3.5% by weight of N, and 2.5-3.5% by weight of P2O5And 7.0-8.0% K2And O. The solid decomposed organic fertilizer for poultry and livestock used in the invention is a product sold in the market at present, such as a solid decomposed organic fertilizer for poultry and livestock sold under the trade name pu-hai brand by yunan shunfeng biotech fertilizer industry development limited company and a solid decomposed organic fertilizer for poultry and livestock sold under the trade name yunye leaf by yunan yunye leafing fertilizer component limited company.
B. Applying additional fertilizer
And (3) topdressing a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) for the first time in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem base of the tobacco plant on 10-14 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, then topdressing the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) for the second time in the same mode on 35-42 days, simultaneously applying potassium sulfate in an annular mode or a dot mode, and then earthing.
In the invention, the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is applied twice, so that the nutrition supply of tobacco plants is timely and properly ensured according to the growth requirement and the internal quality formation rule of the tobacco plants.
According to the invention, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) applied for the first time is 30-36% of the total nitrogen amount of the topdressing in the step B by weight of nitrogen; and B, additionally applying the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) for the second time, wherein the nitrogen weight accounts for 64-70% of the total nitrogen amount of the additional fertilizer in the step B.
According to the invention, the application amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is 55-65% of the total nitrogen application amount in the flue-cured tobacco planting period in terms of nitrogen weight. If the application amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is less than 55 percent, the base fertilizer in the early stage is too much, the tobacco seedlings are over-nourished, and the early growth of tobacco plants and the formation of the internal quality of tobacco leaves are not influenced; if the application amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is higher than 65%, the tobacco seedlings grow slowly due to insufficient base fertilizer in the early stage; therefore, the application amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is reasonable, and is 55-65% by weight of nitrogen.
The humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) used in the invention contains 2.5-4% of humic acid, 6.0-8.0% of N and 5.0-10.0% of P by weight2O5And 5.5 to 7.5% K2And O. The humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) used in the present invention is a product currently marketed, for example, a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) sold under the trade name of pu hai brand by yunnan shunfeng biotech fertilizer industry development limited and under the trade name of tazeyuanmeng by irrational modern agricultural science limited.
In the invention, the purpose of applying potassium sulfate simultaneously with the second dressing of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is to ensure that tobacco plants have sufficient and suitable potassium nutrition and promote the formation of excellent quality of tobacco leaves.
According to the invention, the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 25-35 kg/mu. Of course, those skilled in the art can make appropriate adjustments, higher or lower, according to actual production conditions and needs, without any difficulty for those skilled in the art.
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for enhancing efficiency, improving quality and reducing environmental emission in production of flue-cured tobacco in lake basin, which takes solid decomposed poultry and livestock organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) as top dressing, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer and top dressing is reasonable, the tobacco quality is improved while the yield and output value of tobacco leaves are improved, and meanwhile, the method can effectively reduce loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the production process, thereby obviously reducing the risk of pollution of agricultural area source to water environment, and having extremely wide application value.
[ advantageous effects ]
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method takes the solid decomposed organic fertilizer of the livestock as the base fertilizer, the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) as the additional fertilizer, the proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer is reasonable, the tobacco quality is improved while the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves are improved, and meanwhile, the method can also effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the production process, thereby obviously reducing the risk of pollution of agricultural non-point sources to water environment and solving the major problem that the tobacco planting and the lake basin water quality protection which are not solved all the time in the prior art complement each other, so the fertilizing method for improving the efficiency and improving the quality of the flue-cured tobacco planted in the lake basin area and reducing the environmental emission has extremely wide application value.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1: test for replacing chemical fertilizer with base fertilizer organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung)
The implementation of this example is as follows:
this embodiment sets two of the following processes:
and (3) treatment A: conventional Fertilizer treatment (control treatment)
Before transplanting of tobacco seedlings, applying 30 kg/mu of base fertilizer (mixed pond) of special compound fertilizer (12-10-25) for flue-cured tobacco production sold by Yunnan Yunyan leaf chemical fertilizer limited company under the trade name of Yunyan leaf; meanwhile, 30kg of potassium sulfate is applied during hilling, and then intertillage hilling is carried out.
And (B) treatment: the invention discloses a decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer treatment (cow dung treatment)
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, 50 kg/mu of Erhai brand solid decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer (containing 50% of organic matter, 3.0% of N and 3.0% of P by weight)2O5And 7.5% K2O) adding the mixed solution into tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
10 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) (7.0-5.0-6.5) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 10 th day after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem bases of the tobacco plants, then 20 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 35 th day in the same mode, 30 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied in a total mode, 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in an annular mode, and then soil is covered.
The yield and the output value of the A, B-treated tobacco leaves and the middle-to-high grade tobacco proportion of the tobacco are detected according to the method of 42-grade flue-cured tobacco national standard GB 2635-92, and the detection results are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: tobacco yield and output value test result of base fertilizer organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung) replacing chemical fertilizer
The chemical components of A, B-treated tobacco leaves were detected according to tobacco industry standards YC/T159-.
Table 2: tobacco leaf chemical component analysis result of base fertilizer organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung) replacing chemical fertilizer
Note: the weighted mean is calculated using the membership function (the same applies below).
According to the in-situ real-time dynamic collection and monitoring calculation of water quantity of field runoff and seepage water samples (namely, the total quantity of runoff water and seepage water generated by each irrigation or rainfall is completely collected and measured, and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the runoff water and seepage water is sampled and detected), the alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry HJ 636-2012 is adopted to measure N, and the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry GB 11893-89 is adopted to measure P to detect the total quantity of loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients generated by the runoff water and seepage water in the growth process of A, B two-treatment flue-cured tobaccos, and the detection results are listed in Table 3.
Table 3: detection result of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss of base fertilizer organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung) replacing chemical fertilizer
Note: total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses were nutrient losses per hectare (same below).
As can be seen from the results shown in tables 1, 2 and 3, the yield and the output value of the treatment with cow dung are high in the aspect of economic traits of tobacco leaves, reach significance levels, and are respectively 13.9% and 27.58% higher than those of the control.
In the aspect of the internal quality of the tobacco leaves, the weighted average score of the chemical components is generally processed by cow dung in a comparison mode; under the condition of equal nitrogen amount, the nitrogen absorption condition of cow dung treatment is better, the accumulation of carbohydrate is richer, and other conventional chemical components are not different greatly and are in a proper range.
In the aspect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss shows that the total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss is compared with cow dung, so that the obvious difference is achieved. Wherein, compared with the control treatment, the total nitrogen loss and the total phosphorus loss of the cow dung treatment are respectively reduced by 24.03 percent and 32.04 percent.
Example 2: nitrogen application amount test of base fertilizer of decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer
The implementation of this example is as follows:
this example sets up three of the following treatments:
and (3) treatment A: decomposed cow dung treatment (equal nitrogen treatment) equal to local recommended nitrogen application amount
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, 50 kg/mu of Erhai brand solid decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer (containing 50% of organic matter, 3.0% of N and 3.0% of P by weight)2O5And 7.5% K2O) adding the mixed solution into tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
10 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) (7.0-5.0-6.5) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 10 th day after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem bases of the tobacco plants, then 20 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 35 th day in the same mode, 30 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied in a total mode, 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in an annular mode, and then soil is covered.
And (B) treatment: decomposed cow dung treatment (nitrogen treatment by 10%) reduced by 10% compared with local recommended base fertilizer nitrogen application amount
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, 45 kg/mu of Erhai brand solid decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer (containing 50% of organic matter, 3.0% of N and 3.0% of P by weight)2O5And 7.5% K2O) adding the mixed solution into tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
10 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) (7.0-5.0-6.5) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 10 th day after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem bases of the tobacco plants, then 20 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 35 th day in the same mode, 30 kg/mu of liquid humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the tobacco seedlings in a total mode, 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in an annular mode, and then soil is covered.
And C, treatment: decomposed cow dung treatment (nitrogen treatment by 20%) for reducing nitrogen application amount by 20% compared with local recommended base fertilizer
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, 40 kg/mu of Erhai brand solid decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer (containing 50% of organic matter, 3.0% of N and 3.0% of P by weight)2O5And 7.5% K2O) addition to tobacco pondsFully and uniformly mixing the materials in the soil, and transplanting the tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
10 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) (7.0-5.0-6.5) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 10 th day after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem bases of the tobacco plants, then 20 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is applied to the tobacco seedlings 35 th day in the same mode, 30 kg/mu of liquid humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the tobacco seedlings in a total mode, 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in an annular mode, and then soil is covered.
The tobacco yield, the output value and the middle-to-top grade ratio of the tobacco were measured according to the method described in example 1, and the measurement results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: test results of tobacco yield and output value of different base fertilizer nitrogen application amounts
The chemical components of tobacco leaves were measured according to the method described in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: analysis results of chemical components of tobacco leaves with different nitrogen application amounts of base fertilizer
The total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients through runoff water and leakage water in the growth process of the three-treatment flue-cured tobacco is detected according to the method described in example 1, and the detection results are listed in table 6.
Table 6: detection result of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss of different base fertilizer nitrogen application amounts
As can be seen from the results shown in tables 4, 5 and 6, in terms of economic traits of tobacco leaves, the yield and the yield value are the highest with 10% nitrogen reduction treatment, and then with equal nitrogen treatment, the difference between the two treatments is not significant; the yield and the output value of the treatment of reducing 20 percent of nitrogen are the lowest, and reach the significant difference with other two treatments, compared with the treatment of reducing 20 percent of nitrogen, the yield and the output value of the treatment of waiting for nitrogen are respectively 17.63 percent and 35.45 percent higher, compared with the treatment of reducing 20 percent of nitrogen, the yield and the output value of the treatment of reducing 10 percent of nitrogen are respectively 18.86 percent and 36.00 percent higher.
In terms of the internal quality of tobacco leaves, the chemical composition weighted mean score is generally similar to the equal nitrogen treatment and the 10% nitrogen reduction treatment, and the equal nitrogen treatment and the 10% nitrogen reduction treatment are relatively superior to the 20% nitrogen reduction treatment.
In terms of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss, loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus respectively shows 20% nitrogen reduction treatment > 10% nitrogen reduction treatment > equal nitrogen treatment, wherein the 20% nitrogen reduction treatment achieves a significant difference with the equal nitrogen treatment, loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the 20% nitrogen reduction treatment is respectively reduced by 20.35% and 37.50% compared with the equal nitrogen treatment, and loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the 10% nitrogen reduction treatment is respectively reduced by 10.52 and 9.64% compared with the equal nitrogen treatment.
Example 3: nitrogen-applying amount-based topdressing ratio test for decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer
The implementation of this example is as follows:
this embodiment sets two of the following processes:
and (3) treatment A: conventional decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer treatment (organic fertilizer control treatment, nitrogen application amount base topdressing ratio of 60%: 40%)
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, 90 kg/mu of Erhai brand solid decomposed cow dung organic fertilizer (containing 50% of organic matter, 3.0% of N and 3.0% of P by weight)2O5And 7.5% K2O) adding the mixed solution into tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 25 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) (7.0-5.0-6.5) is applied to the position 5-10 cm away from the stem base of the tobacco plants in an annular mode, 25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in an annular mode, and then soil is covered.
And (B) treatment: optimizing organic fertilizer (nitrogen application amount based topdressing ratio is 40%: 60%)
After the tobacco moisture and tobacco pond are ready, 60 kg/mu of 'er Hai brand' solid decomposed cattleOrganic fertilizer containing 50% by weight of organic matter, 3.0% of N and 3.0% of P2O5And 7.5% K2O) adding the mixed solution into tobacco pond soil, fully and uniformly mixing, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
on the 10 th day after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, 12.6 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) (7.0-5.0-6.5) is applied in an annular mode for the first time at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem base of the tobacco plant, then 25.2 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (liquid) is applied in the same mode for the second time on the 35 th day, 37.8 kg/mu of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied in a co-irrigation mode, 25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in an annular mode, and then soil is covered.
The tobacco yield and value were measured according to the method described in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7: tobacco yield and output value test results of different nitrogen application amount based topdressing ratios
The chemical components of tobacco leaves were measured according to the method described in example 1, and the results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8: tobacco leaf chemical component analysis results of different nitrogen application amount based topdressing ratio
The total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients through runoff water and leakage water in the growth process of the two-treatment flue-cured tobacco is detected according to the method described in example 1, and the detection result is shown in table 9.
Table 9: detection result of total nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss amount based on top dressing ratio with different nitrogen application amounts
As can be seen from the results listed in tables 7, 8 and 9, in the aspect of economic traits of tobacco leaves, the yield and the output value of the organic fertilizer optimization treatment are the highest, and the significance level is reached, which is respectively 8.6% higher and 26.81% higher than that of the organic fertilizer control treatment.
In the aspect of the internal quality of tobacco leaves, the weighted average score of chemical components is used for carrying out organic fertilizer optimization treatment on the whole and organic fertilizer contrast treatment is carried out; compared with the two treatments, the K, N content is slightly higher by the organic fertilizer optimization treatment, the carbohydrate organic fertilizer contrast treatment is higher, but the two-sugar difference slightly exceeds the proper range. Other conventional chemical compositions are not very different and are within suitable ranges.
In the aspect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss, the loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus shows that the organic fertilizer contrast treatment is larger than the organic fertilizer optimization treatment, and the significant difference is achieved. The loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the optimized organic fertilizer is respectively reduced by 14.84 percent and 24.93 percent compared with the loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the contrast treatment of the organic fertilizer.
Claims (8)
1. A fertilizing method for enhancing efficiency, improving quality and reducing environmental emission for flue-cured tobacco planted in lake basin areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. base fertilizer application
After the tobacco moisture and the tobacco pond are ready, adding a solid decomposed organic fertilizer for the livestock into the soil of the tobacco pond, wherein the application amount of the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for the livestock is 35-45% of the total nitrogen application amount in the tobacco planting period by weight; fully and uniformly mixing, and transplanting the tobacco seedlings according to a conventional transplanting mode;
B. applying additional fertilizer
Topdressing a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer for the first time in an annular mode at a position 5-10 cm away from the stem base of the tobacco plant on 10-14 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, topdressing the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer for the second time in the same mode on 35-42 days, simultaneously applying potassium sulfate in an annular mode or a dot mode, and then earthing;
the lake basin is an area formed by soil developed by sedimentary matrix or alluvial matrix around the lake.
2. Fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterised in that the lake basinsThe available phosphorus content of the soil was 0.002% by weight P2O5The above.
3. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for livestock comprises 45-55% by weight of organic matter, 2.5-3.5% by weight of N, and 2.5-3.5% by weight of P2O5And 7.0-8.0% K2O。
4. The fertilization method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the solid decomposed organic fertilizer for livestock is a solid decomposed organic fertilizer for cow dung.
5. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer comprises 2.5-4.0% of humic acid, 6.0-8.0% of N, and 5.0-10.0% of P by weight2O5And 5.5 to 7.5% K2O。
6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the application amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 55-65% of the total nitrogen application amount in the flue-cured tobacco planting period by weight of nitrogen.
7. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein in step B, potassium sulfate is applied in an amount of 25-35 kg/mu.
8. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied for the first time is 30-36% of the total nitrogen amount of the topdressing in the step B in terms of nitrogen weight; and B, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied for the second time is 64-70% of the total nitrogen amount of the topdressing in the step B by weight of nitrogen.
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