CN108812153B - Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions - Google Patents
Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108812153B CN108812153B CN201810715416.XA CN201810715416A CN108812153B CN 108812153 B CN108812153 B CN 108812153B CN 201810715416 A CN201810715416 A CN 201810715416A CN 108812153 B CN108812153 B CN 108812153B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- yield
- nutrient
- potassium
- green chinese
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/002—Apparatus for sowing fertiliser; Fertiliser drill
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for accurately managing nutrients of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps: 1) determination of yield reaction coefficient of green Chinese onion, 2) determination of target yield: determining the target yield of the planting plots according to the yield conditions of the local previous green Chinese onions; 3) determination of the yield response: yield response (t/ha) ═ yield response coefficient × target yield (t/ha); 4) calculating according to the target yield, the yield reaction and the agronomic efficiency to obtain the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions; 5) and determining a fertilization management method according to the soil nutrient supply grade and the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions. According to the invention, the nutrient input amount is accurately calculated according to the target yield of the green Chinese onions, and the nutrient management method is refined according to the production conditions, so that the nutrient accurate management in the production of the green Chinese onions can be realized, the improper nutrient input and application can be avoided, the yield and the quality of the green Chinese onions are improved, the income of farmers is increased, and the purposes of increasing the yield and the efficiency are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nutrient accurate management method for scallion, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background
The scallion has high nutritive value (containing allicin, diallyl sulfide, nicotinic acid, stearic acid, vitamins and the like) and medical value (treating headache, fever, stomachache, dyspepsia, pyocutaneous disease, tumor, red and white dysentery, infantile malnutrition, gastric cancer reduction and the like), is a common spice seasoning in daily life of people, and plays an important role in cooking. Not only is the important annual balanced supply of vegetables in China, but also is one of the important vegetables for earning foreign exchange in exports. China is the main country for cultivating the green Chinese onions, cultivation is carried out from the yellow river basin to all places in the northeast, the cultivation area is more than 1500 ten thousand mu each year, and the green Chinese onions are planted in the pillar industry in many places.
The scallion growth has strong adaptability and low requirements on soil conditions, but the problems of blind fertilization, single fertilization and unreasonable fertilizer application of excessive fertilization commonly exist in the current scallion planting due to small root system, weak absorption and requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for balanced fertilization in good growth and development, so that a large amount of fertilizer is lost and wasted, and the cost is increased.
Jianlihua investigation found that the nitrogen fertilizer (counted by N) in the production of the shallot in the mound of Shandong province is up to 600kg/hm2The phosphate fertilizer is as high as 300kg/hm2(with P)2O5Metering), while the input of the potash fertilizer is only 100kg/hm2(with K)2O) about [ Jianlihua, Liu Meihui, Zhang Wenjun, etc.. Nitrogen influences the yield of green Chinese onions and researches on nitrogen supply target values [ J]Plant nutrition and fertilisation
In 2007,13(5):890-896 ].
Zhang Yufeng research also finds that local farmers are used to produce green Chinese onions by adopting 15-15-15 compound fertilizers and nitrogen (counted as N) and phosphorus (counted as P) in the whole planting season2O5Calculated as K) potassium2Calculated by O) are all 276kg/hm2The situation is more common [ Zhang Yufeng, Dongliang, Liyan, etc. ], the controlled release BB fertilizer has influence on the growth and nutrient absorption law of scallion [ J]The North China agricultural journal, 2010,25(S1): 230-.
According to the method, the nutrient investment is extensive in the existing green Chinese onion production, a scientific guiding method is lacked, the further improvement of the yield of the green Chinese onions is limited to a certain extent, and the main commodity characters of the green Chinese onions are reduced. Meanwhile, excessive fertilizer feeding can cause low fertilizer utilization rate, and redundant nutrients are lost to the environment, so that fertilizer waste and environmental pollution are caused.
Managing soil nutrients and reasonably applying fertilizer is a major technical problem related to sustainable development of agriculture in China. The condition of soil nutrients directly affects the yield and quality of plants. Therefore, the research on the soil nutrient condition provides reasonable fertilization suggestions aiming at the production requirements of agricultural products, and is the premise and the foundation for promoting the implementation of the precise agriculture in China.
With the development of the times and the progress of the society, ecological civilization construction is more and more emphasized by people, and accurate nutrient input and nutrient utilization rate improvement in agricultural production become consensus, so that an accurate nutrient management technology is urgently needed to solve the unreasonable fertilizer application problems of blind fertilization, single fertilization and excessive fertilization in the existing green Chinese onion planting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a nutrient accurate management method for scallion. Reasonable nutrient supply amount and supply mode for the scallion production are calculated through simulation of a large amount of field test data according to the principle of nutrient collaborative optimization by combining the indexes of high and low land area of a planting land, target yield of the scallion, nutrient yield reaction, agronomic efficiency and the like. The nutrient management method is suitable for the current planting mode of the green Chinese onions, realizes accurate nutrient management in the production of the green Chinese onions, reduces the fertilizer input, improves the planting benefit and reduces the environmental pollution.
Description of terms:
yield reaction: is the difference between the yield of a given nutrient and the yield of no nutrient, such as the difference between the yield of nitrogen treatment and the yield of no nitrogen treatment, i.e. the yield response of nitrogen fertilizer application.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for accurately managing nutrients of green Chinese onions comprises the following steps:
1) determination of yield reaction coefficient of green Chinese onions: yield response coefficients of green Chinese onions on soils of different basal nutrient supply levels were as follows:
2) determination of the target yield: determining the target yield of the planting plots according to the yield conditions of the local previous green Chinese onions;
3) determination of the yield response: yield response (t/ha) ═ yield response coefficient × target yield (t/ha);
4) calculating according to the target yield, the yield reaction and the agronomic efficiency to obtain the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions;
5) and determining a fertilization management method according to the soil nutrient supply grade and the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions.
Preferably, in step 1), the grade of the basic nutrient supply of the soil is classified into high, medium and low grade 3, and the grade is determined according to soil characteristics and organic fertilizer application history:
the soil nitrogen nutrient supply grade is judged according to the soil characteristics as follows:
low: sandy soil (irrespective of soil colour) or reddish/yellowish loam or clay;
the method comprises the following steps: gray/brown loam or clay;
high: black loam or clay with high organic matter content;
the organic matter content is more than 15 g/kg; if a large amount of organic fertilizer is applied, the nutrient supply grade is improved by one grade;
the soil phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply grade is judged according to the nutrient content in the soil as follows:
low: low soil P or K content;
the method comprises the following steps: moderate soil P or K content;
high: high soil P or K content;
the content of phosphorus and potassium nutrients is graded as follows: p <20mg/kg is low, 20-50 mg/kg is medium, and >50mg/kg is high; k is less than 100mg/kg, medium at 100-200 mg/kg and high at >200 mg/kg;
and if no soil phosphorus and potassium test result exists, calculating the soil phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply grade by taking the soil nitrogen nutrient supply grade as a basis.
The organic fertilizer which is applied in a large amount refers to that: applying poultry excrement with 2t/ha or more per season for more than 3 years.
The yield reaction coefficient is calculated according to years of multi-point test data developed by units such as agriculture resource and environment institute of agriculture academy of sciences of Shandong province, agriculture resource and division research institute of China agriculture academy of sciences, agriculture scientific and technological information research institute of Beijing city, agriculture resource and environment research institute of Tianjin city and the like across the country and the yield and nutrient absorption data collected in open documents, the relation between the yield and nutrient absorption of main Chinese onion areas is established by applying regression analysis simulation, the maximum accumulation boundary and the maximum dilution boundary of nutrients are calculated and analyzed to obtain the inherent efficiency and the optimal nutrient absorption curve, the yield reaction coefficient of the Chinese onion is finally calculated, and the relational equations of nutrient demand, nutrient yield reaction and agricultural efficiency are respectively established and are obtained by accumulating through numerous countless tests.
Preferably, in step 2) the local past green Chinese onion yield is the average yield over the last 3-5 years of the abiotic stress-stressed soil, said target yield being increased by 5-15% over the local past green Chinese onion yield.
Most preferably, the target yield is increased by 10% over the local past yield of scallion.
Preferably, in the step 4), the optimal nutrient amount of the green Chinese onions refers to the optimal nutrient requirement of the green Chinese onions for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Preferably, in step 4), the dosage of the nitrogen nutrient is determined according to the nitrogen nutrient yield response and the nitrogen nutrient agronomic efficiency, and specifically comprises the following steps:
nitrogen application (kg N/ha) ═ nitrogen yield response (t/ha)/nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg) × 1000;
wherein, the nitrogen yield reaction (t/ha) ═ target yield (t/ha) × nitrogen yield reaction coefficient;
agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (kg/kg) — 0.167 × [ nitrogen production reaction (t/ha) ]2+7.9802 × [ nitrogen production reaction (t/ha) ] to 7.0807.
Preferably, in step 4), the phosphorus application amount is calculated according to the balance of phosphorus in the soil, and specifically, the following is calculated:
phosphorus amount (kg P)2O5The yield reaction requires phosphorus (kg P)2O5Perha) + phosphorus uptake at the base yield (kg P2O5Perha-phosphorus amount (kg P) brought into seedlings of field planting scallion2O5/ha)；
Wherein the yield reaction requires phosphorus (kg P)2O5The reaction rate of phosphorus production (t/ha) × 0.269.269/0.092 × 2.29.29 and the reaction rate of phosphorus production (t/ha) ×.
Basal yield phosphorus uptake (kg P)2O5[ target yield (t/ha) -yield reaction (t/ha) ] × 0.269.269 0.269 × 2.29.29.
Phosphorus amount (kg P) of planting onion seedling2O5The weight of each spring onion seedling (g/plant) is × hectare (plant/ha) × 10-6×0.33×2.29。
Preferably, in step 4), the potassium application amount is calculated according to the potassium balance of the soil, and specifically, the following steps are carried out:
potassium application amount (kg K)2O/ha-yield-potassium requirement for reaction (kg K)2O/ha) + amount of potassium absorbed in the base yield (kg K)2O/ha-amount of potassium (kg K) brought into seedlings of field planting scallion2O/ha)；
Wherein, the yield reaction requires potassium (kg K)2O/ha) ═ potassium production response (t/ha) × 1.708.708 ÷ 0.163 × 1.2046, potassium production response (t/ha) ═ target production (t/ha) × potassium production response coefficient.
Basal yield potassium uptake (kg K)2O/ha) ═ target yield (t/ha) -yield reaction (t/ha) × 1.708.708 1.708 × 1.2046.
The amount of potassium (kg K) brought into the seedling of the fixedly planted shallot2O/ha) (weight per plant (g/plant) × hectare × 10 (plant/ha) of shallot seedlings-6×1.69×1.2046。
Preferably, in step 5), the fertilization management method is determined according to the soil nutrient supply grade and the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients for 3-5 times according to the basic nutrient supply grade of the soil of the planting land;
(2) calculating the physical quantity of the selected fertilizer according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient quantity and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of the selected fertilizer; if the organic fertilizer is applied, the dosage is controlled according to the condition that the nitrogen application amount of the organic fertilizer does not exceed 30 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, all the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and if the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the base fertilizer are insufficient, the insufficient part is supplemented by the fertilizer nutrients; if the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the base fertilizer are excessive, the excessive part is reduced proportionally from the later stage of topdressing;
(3) the application mode of the base fertilizer is that after the planting furrows of the onion seedlings are opened, the fertilizer is spread on the bottom of the furrows and is uniformly mixed with the surface soil; the additional fertilization mode is ditching and broadcasting at a distance of about 10cm from the planting rows of the green Chinese onions and combining with ridging.
According to the present invention, in the above (1), the divided application into 3 times is: applying base fertilizer in late 6 months, top dressing for the first time in middle 8 months and top dressing for the second time in middle 9 months;
the divided 4 applications were: applying base fertilizer in the late 6 th month, top dressing for the first time in the early 8 th month, top dressing for the second time in the late 8 th month and top dressing for the third time in the middle and late 9 th month;
the application is divided into 5 times: applying base fertilizer in the late 6 th month, top dressing for the first time in the early 8 th month, top dressing for the second time in the middle and late 8 th month, top dressing for the third time in the upper 9 th month and top dressing for the fourth time in the late 9 th month.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention simulates the nutrient demand rule of the green Chinese onions according to a large amount of green Chinese onion data all over the country, and the parameters contain the production condition information of the green Chinese onions widely in China, thereby having general guiding significance.
2. According to the invention, the nutrient input amount is accurately calculated according to the target yield of the green Chinese onions, and the nutrient management method is refined according to the production conditions, so that the accurate management of nutrients in the green Chinese onions can be realized, and the improper nutrient input and application can be avoided.
3. Compared with the conventional fertilization and soil testing formula fertilization of farmers, the method has the advantages of time saving, labor saving and strong operability. The method is suitable for the current operation mode of China mainly using small farmers, can provide a special formula aiming at a specific land, and is more scientific and reasonable.
4. The field verification experiment proves that the nutrient management in the production of the green Chinese onions by adopting the invention improves the yield and the quality of the green Chinese onions, increases the income of farmers and achieves the purposes of increasing the yield and the efficiency.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for accurately managing nutrients of green Chinese onions comprises the following steps:
1) determination of yield reaction coefficient of green Chinese onions: yield response coefficients of green Chinese onions on soils of different basal nutrient supply levels were as follows:
the grade of the basic nutrient supply of the soil is divided into high, medium and low grade 3, and the grade is determined according to the soil characteristics and the application history of the organic fertilizer.
The soil nitrogen nutrient supply grade is judged according to the soil characteristics as follows:
low: sandy soil (irrespective of soil colour) or reddish/yellowish loam or clay;
the method comprises the following steps: gray/brown loam or clay;
high: black loam or clay with high organic matter content;
the organic matter content is more than 15 g/kg; if too much organic fertilizer is applied (2 t/ha or more of poultry manure is applied every season for more than 3 years), the nutrient supply grade is improved by one grade;
the soil phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply grade is judged according to the nutrient content in the soil as follows:
low: low soil P or K content;
the method comprises the following steps: moderate soil P or K content;
high: high soil P or K content;
the content of phosphorus and potassium nutrients is graded as follows: p <20mg/kg is low, 20-50 mg/kg is medium, and >50mg/kg is high; k is less than 100mg/kg, medium at 100-200 mg/kg and high at >200 mg/kg;
and if no soil phosphorus and potassium test result exists, calculating the soil phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply grade by taking the soil nitrogen nutrient supply grade as a basis.
2) Determination of the target yield: determining the target yield of the planting plots according to the yield conditions of the local previous green Chinese onions;
the local past green Chinese onion yield is the average yield of last 3-5 years in abiotic stress-stressed soil, and the target yield is increased by 10% on the basis of the local past green Chinese onion yield.
3) Determination of the yield response: yield response (t/ha) ═ yield response coefficient × target yield (t/ha);
4) calculating according to the target yield, the yield reaction and the agronomic efficiency to obtain the optimal nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient content of the green Chinese onions;
the dosage of the nitrogen nutrient is determined according to the yield reaction of the nitrogen nutrient and the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen nutrient, and specifically comprises the following steps:
nitrogen application (kg N/ha) ═ nitrogen yield response (t/ha)/nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg) × 1000;
wherein the nitrogen yield reaction (t/ha) × target yield (t/ha) × nitrogen yield reaction coefficient
Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (kg/kg) — 0.167 × [ nitrogen production reaction (t/ha) ]2+7.9802 × [ nitrogen production reaction (t/ha) ] to 7.0807.
The phosphorus application amount is calculated according to the maintenance of the phosphorus balance of the soil, and specifically comprises the following steps:
phosphorus amount (kg P)2O5The yield reaction requires phosphorus (kg P)2O5Perha) + phosphorus uptake at the base yield (kg P2O5Perha-phosphorus amount (kg P) brought into seedlings of field planting scallion2O5/ha)；
Wherein the yield reaction requires phosphorus (kg P)2O5The reaction rate of phosphorus production (t/ha) × 0.269.269/0.092 × 2.29.29 and the reaction rate of phosphorus production (t/ha) ×.
Basal yield phosphorus uptake (kg P)2O5[ target yield (t/ha) -yield reaction (t/ha) ] × 0.269.269 0.269 × 2.29.29.
Phosphorus amount (kg P) of planting onion seedling2O5The weight of each spring onion seedling (g/plant) is × hectare (plant/ha) × 10-6×0.33×2.29。
The potassium application amount is calculated according to the potassium balance of the soil, and specifically comprises the following steps:
potassium application amount (kg K)2O/ha-yield-potassium requirement for reaction (kg K)2O/ha) + amount of potassium absorbed in the base yield (kg K)2O/ha-amount of potassium (kg K) brought into seedlings of field planting scallion2O/ha)；
Wherein, the yield reaction requires potassium (kg K)2O/ha) ═ potassium production response (t/ha) × 1.708.708 ÷ 0.163 × 1.2046, potassium production response (t/ha) ═ target production (t/ha) × potassium production response coefficient.
Basal yield potassium uptake (kg K)2O/ha) ═ target yield (t/ha) -yield reaction (t/ha) × 1.708.708 1.708 × 1.2046.
The amount of potassium (kg K) brought into the seedling of the fixedly planted shallot2O/ha) (weight per plant (g/plant) × hectare × 10 (plant/ha) of shallot seedlings-6×1.69×1.2046。
5) And determining a fertilization management method according to the soil nutrient supply grade and the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions.
Experimental example 1: verification of field test
The test is carried out in the jujube garden town in the hilly region of Jinan city of Shandong province in 6-11 months in 2017, and the test sites are located in Qingyuan village and Wanxin village. The planting condition of each test site plot is investigated before the green Chinese onions are planted, the target yield and the grade of the basic nutrient supply level of the soil are determined according to the investigation result, the yield reaction and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient consumption (shown in table 1) are calculated by the accurate management method (NE) of the green Chinese onions nutrients in the embodiment 1 of the invention, and meanwhile, the local soil testing formula fertilization (OPTS) and the farmer habit (FP) treatment are set as the comparison. Total 3 treatments, cell area 100m2Above, without repetition, each fertilization processing schemeAs shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 NE, OPTS and FP treatment fertilization protocol
Compared with the schemes of habitual fertilization by farmers and soil testing and formulated fertilization, the accurate management method for the nutrients of the green Chinese onions comprehensively considers various factors such as soil fertility, residual effect of fertilization of crops in the previous season, target yield and nutrient demand and the like, and optimizes the nutrient ratio for different plots; compared with the common use of farmers for fertilizing nitrogen fertilizers, the average use amount of the phosphorus fertilizers is reduced by 13.9 percent, the average use amount of the phosphorus fertilizers is increased, and the use amounts of the potassium fertilizers are basically consistent. Compared with the local soil testing formula recommended fertilization, the method for accurately managing the nutrients of the scallion keeps the dosage of the potassium fertilizer basically consistent, the nitrogen fertilizer is slightly reduced, and the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is increased.
After harvesting the green Chinese onions, the yield of each treatment was calculated independently, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of Welsh onion yields for NE, OPTS and FP treatments
According to the accurate management method for the nutrients in the green Chinese onions, the yield of the green Chinese onions is 76000-975000 kg/ha, and the average value is 79167 kg/ha; the yield of the scallion subjected to fertilization treatment recommended by the local soil testing formula is 59000-92500 kg/ha, and the average value is 74833 kg/ha; the yield of the scallion subjected to the fertilization treatment by farmers is 56000-860000 kg/ha, and the average value is 70833 kg/ha. The accurate management method for the nutrients of the green Chinese onions shows that the yield is increased by 11.2% compared with the conventional fertilization and soil testing formula recommended fertilization of farmers on 3 plots; compared with the soil testing formula, the average increase of the fertilizer yield is recommended to be 6.0%, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
Calculating the economic benefit of planting the scallion according to the market sale price of the fertilizer in the local scallion planting season and the purchase price of the scallion in the harvest season (according to the formula that N is 3.7 yuan/kg, P is2O53.2 yuan/kg, K2O5.2 yuan/kg, welsh onion 2.0 yuan/kg, net income welsh onion sales income-fertilizer cost input), the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of planting efficiency of NE, OPTS and FP treatment of Welsh onion
The accurate management method for the nutrients in the green Chinese onions disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the processing pure income is 12.6-19.2 ten thousand yuan/ha, and the average income is 15.6 ten thousand yuan/ha; the local soil testing formula recommends that the pure income of fertilization treatment is 11.5-18.3 ten thousand yuan/ha, and the average income is 14.7 ten thousand yuan/ha; the FP treatment pure income is 10.9-17.0 ten thousand yuan/ha, and the average income is 13.9 ten thousand yuan/ha. Compared with the conventional fertilization of farmers and the fertilization recommended by local soil testing formulas, the accurate management method for the nutrients of the green Chinese onions has the advantages that the income is increased, the income increasing amplitude is respectively 1.7 ten thousand yuan/ha and 0.8 ten thousand yuan/ha on average, and the income increasing effect is obvious.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for accurately managing nutrients of green Chinese onions comprises the following steps:
1) determination of yield reaction coefficient of green Chinese onions: yield response coefficients of green Chinese onions on soils of different basal nutrient supply levels were as follows:
2) determination of the target yield: determining the target yield of the planting plots according to the yield conditions of the local previous green Chinese onions;
3) determination of the yield response: yield response (t/ha) = yield response coefficient × target yield (t/ha);
4) calculating according to the target yield, the yield reaction and the agronomic efficiency to obtain the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions;
5) and determining a fertilization management method according to the soil nutrient supply grade and the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions.
2. The method for accurately managing the nutrients in the green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the grade of the basic nutrient supply of the soil is divided into high, medium and low grade 3, and the grade is determined according to soil characteristics and application history of organic fertilizers:
the soil nitrogen nutrient supply grade is judged according to the soil characteristics as follows:
low: sandy or reddish/yellowish loam or clay;
the method comprises the following steps: gray/brown loam or clay;
high: black loam or clay with high organic matter content;
the organic matter content is more than 15 g/kg; if a large amount of organic fertilizer is applied, the nutrient supply grade is improved by one grade;
the soil phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply grade is judged according to the nutrient content in the soil as follows:
low: low soil P or K content;
the method comprises the following steps: moderate soil P or K content;
high: high soil P or K content;
the content of phosphorus and potassium nutrients is graded as follows: p <20mg/kg is low, 20-50 mg/kg is medium, and >50mg/kg is high; k is less than 100mg/kg, medium at 100-200 mg/kg and high at >200 mg/kg;
and if no soil phosphorus and potassium test result exists, calculating the soil phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply grade by taking the soil nitrogen nutrient supply grade as a basis.
3. The method for nutrient precision management of green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the local past green Chinese onions yield is the average yield over the past 3-5 years of the abiotic stress-bearing soil, and the target yield is increased by 5-15% over the local past green Chinese onions yield.
4. The method for precise management of nutrients in welsh onion as in claim 3, wherein the target yield is increased by 10% over a local past yield of welsh onion.
5. The method for accurately managing the nutrients in the green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the optimal nutrient amount of the green Chinese onions refers to the optimal nutrient demand of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the green Chinese onions; the dosage of the nitrogen nutrient is determined according to the yield reaction of the nitrogen nutrient and the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen nutrient, and specifically comprises the following steps:
nitrogen application amount (kg N/ha) = nitrogen production reaction (t/ha)/nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg) × 1000;
wherein, nitrogen yield reaction (t/ha) = target yield (t/ha) × nitrogen yield reaction coefficient
Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (kg/kg) = -0.167 × [ nitrogen production reaction (t/ha) ]2+7.9802 × [ nitrogen production reaction (t/ha) ] to 7.0807.
6. The method for accurately managing the nutrients in the green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the phosphorus application amount is calculated according to the balance of phosphorus in the soil, and specifically the following steps are carried out:
phosphorus amount (kg P)2O5/ha) = production reaction phosphorus requirement (kg P)2O5Perha) + phosphorus uptake at the base yield (kg P2O5Perha-phosphorus amount (kg P) brought into seedlings of field planting scallion2O5/ha）；
Wherein the yield reaction requires phosphorus (kg P)2O5Reaction coefficient of phosphorus production reaction (t/ha) = target production (t/ha) ×
Basal yield phosphorus uptake (kg P)2O5[ product/ha) = [ target yield (t/ha) -yield reaction (t/ha) ] × 0.269.269×2.29
Phosphorus amount (kg P) of planting onion seedling2O5Perha) = individual plant weight (g/plant) × hectare number (plant/ha) × 10-6×0.33×2.29。
7. The method for accurately managing nutrients in green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the potassium application amount is calculated according to the maintenance of potassium balance in soil, and specifically the following steps are carried out:
potassium application amount (kg K)2O/ha) = amount of potassium required for production reaction (kg K)2O/ha) + amount of potassium absorbed in the base yield (kg K)2O/ha-amount of potassium (kg K) brought into seedlings of field planting scallion2O/ha）；
Wherein, the yield reaction requires potassium (kg K)2O/ha) = potassium production response (t/ha) × 1.708.708/0.163 × 1.2046, potassium production response (t/ha) = target production (t/ha) × potassium production response coefficient
Basal yield potassium uptake (kg K)2O/ha) = [ target yield (t/ha) -yield reaction (t/ha) ] × 1.708.708 1.708 × 1.2046
The amount of potassium (kg K) brought into the seedling of the fixedly planted shallot2O/ha) = individual plant weight (g/plant) × hectare number (plant/ha) × 10-6×1.69×1.2046。
8. The method for accurately managing the nutrients in the green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the fertilization management method is determined according to the soil nutrient supply grade and the optimal nutrient content of the green Chinese onions as follows:
(1) according to the basic nutrient supply grade of the soil of the planting land, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are applied for 3-5 times as follows;
(2) calculating the physical quantity of the selected fertilizer according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient quantity and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of the selected fertilizer; if the organic fertilizer is applied, the dosage is controlled according to the condition that the nitrogen application amount of the organic fertilizer does not exceed 30 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, all the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and if the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the base fertilizer are insufficient, the insufficient part is supplemented by the fertilizer nutrients; if the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the base fertilizer are excessive, the excessive part is reduced proportionally from the later stage of topdressing;
(3) the application mode of the base fertilizer is that after the planting furrows of the onion seedlings are opened, the fertilizer is spread on the bottom of the furrows and is uniformly mixed with the surface soil; the additional fertilization mode is ditching and broadcasting at a distance of about 10cm from the planting rows of the green Chinese onions and combining with ridging.
9. The method for accurately managing nutrients in green Chinese onions according to claim 8, wherein the application in 3 times is as follows: applying base fertilizer in late 6 months, top dressing for the first time in middle 8 months and top dressing for the second time in middle 9 months;
the divided 4 applications were: applying base fertilizer in the late 6 th month, top dressing for the first time in the early 8 th month, top dressing for the second time in the late 8 th month and top dressing for the third time in the middle and late 9 th month;
the application is divided into 5 times: applying base fertilizer in the late 6 th month, top dressing for the first time in the early 8 th month, top dressing for the second time in the middle and late 8 th month, top dressing for the third time in the upper 9 th month and top dressing for the fourth time in the late 9 th month.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810715416.XA CN108812153B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810715416.XA CN108812153B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108812153A CN108812153A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
| CN108812153B true CN108812153B (en) | 2020-09-25 |
Family
ID=64134298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810715416.XA Active CN108812153B (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108812153B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110809975B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2023-01-10 | 澄城硅绿农业科技服务有限公司 | Fertilizing method for cultivating green Chinese onions |
| CN112655343A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-16 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Simple and efficient sugarcane nitrogenous fertilizer recommended fertilization method |
| CN113661821B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-11-25 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Special fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility and recommended application method thereof |
| CN115104417B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-08-22 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103947362A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Fertilization method for green Chinese onion |
| CN105165215B (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2018-01-09 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of soybean optimizes fertilization recommendation method |
| KR101896295B1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-09-12 | 경기도 | Compound fertilizer for reducing fertilizer application rate and fertilizing method using the same |
-
2018
- 2018-06-29 CN CN201810715416.XA patent/CN108812153B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108812153A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Grant et al. | The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition | |
| CN108812153B (en) | Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions | |
| Yan et al. | Dynamic change and accumulation of grain macronutrient (N, P and K) concentrations in winter wheat under different drip fertigation regimes | |
| Masni et al. | Yield performance and nutrient uptake of red rice variety (MRM 16) at different NPK fertilizer rates | |
| CN107306564B (en) | Method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing leaf age of rice in northern cold region | |
| CN107188712A (en) | One grows tobacco special complete first biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| Chondie | Effect of integrated nutrient management on wheat: A Review | |
| CN103232290B (en) | Carbon-vinegar slow-release biological fertilizer and application thereof | |
| CN105123067A (en) | Fertilizing method in relay intercropping planting of potatoes and soybeans | |
| CN108207161B (en) | Tobacco field in-situ soil loosening, nutrient promoting and synergistic cultivation method | |
| CN106577073A (en) | Technical method for comprehensively planting rice by improving acidized soil | |
| CN106747772A (en) | A kind of n p k nutrition fertilizer for improving root-mustard yield | |
| CN112956317A (en) | Potassium-extracting aroma-enhancing cultivation fertilizing method based on organic tobacco planting | |
| Eshmamatovich et al. | Opportunities for growing durum wheat in dryland regions | |
| CN113331005A (en) | Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn | |
| CN112851434A (en) | Special fertilizer for regionalized rice based on QUEFTS model and application method | |
| CN106385914A (en) | Crop special-purposed composite fertilizer application method | |
| CN109548601A (en) | L-type rice controlled release special fertilizer and its application in rice cropping | |
| Yang et al. | Optimal irrigation for wheat-maize rotation depending on precipitation in the North China Plain: Evidence from a four-year experiment | |
| Fituma et al. | Response of soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation and phosphorus application under intercropping in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia | |
| CN109089503A (en) | A method of improving rice utilization rate of fertilizer | |
| Singh et al. | Evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) under semi-arid conditions of Punjab | |
| CN109608288A (en) | Peanut special-purpose control-release fertilizer | |
| CN113826472B (en) | Organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for annual rotation of facility cucumber based on organic substitution | |
| CN113767727B (en) | Improvement method of acidic yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |