CN113331005A - Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn - Google Patents
Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113331005A CN113331005A CN202110577564.1A CN202110577564A CN113331005A CN 113331005 A CN113331005 A CN 113331005A CN 202110577564 A CN202110577564 A CN 202110577564A CN 113331005 A CN113331005 A CN 113331005A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- less
- equal
- follows
- application amount
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive management method for annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: for nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer limiting principle is as follows: based on field test data, a life cycle evaluation method is used for quantifying the economic benefit and the environmental cost under different nitrogen fertilizer use amounts in the production process of the north China winter wheat-summer corn; further combining the regional recommended nitrogen application method, quantifying the nitrogen fertilizer application limit amount to meet the minimum nitrogen application amount and realize the maximum environmental benefit; for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the limiting principle of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is as follows: the regional phosphorus and potassium limits are monitored by constant monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a comprehensive management method for annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn.
Background
The information in this background section is disclosed only to enhance an understanding of the general background of the disclosure and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The precision agriculture means that the crop cultivation management is carried out positioning implementation and variable input according to needs according to the difference between the crop yield and the growth environment in a field, and the aims of effectively utilizing the agricultural input, improving the crop yield, reducing the environmental pollution and the like are fulfilled.
The grain yield of Huang-Huai-Hai region occupies a very important position in China, so that the method has important significance in ensuring the stable yield and the yield increase of wheat and corn in the region. The fertilizer is grain of plants and is one of material bases for improving agricultural production. The reasonable use of the fertilizer plays an important role in improving the yield per unit area and continuously improving the soil fertility. However, it is unlikely that any type and form of fertilizer will be fully attractive to plants. The fertilizer is excessively used or is normally used, but due to other natural or artificial reasons, the fertilizer is greatly lost, the environment is polluted, and the yield is not correspondingly increased.
In order to prevent environmental pollution, the fertilizer is applied for control and management, and the fertilizer is applied in proper amount at proper time according to the nutrition condition required by crops in different periods and according to different areas, different soils, different crops and varieties.
At present, a set of standard, systematic and stable comprehensive management method for annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn in Huang-Huai-Hai region is not established in the prior art. The yield requirement can be met to guarantee the grain safety, and the environmental loss is reduced to meet the environmental safety.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above background, the present disclosure provides a method for comprehensively managing annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn. The method disclosed by the invention not only can realize high yield of the wheat and the corn, but also has good repeatability, and the wheat yield and the corn yield can be steadily increased year by year.
Specifically, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
a method for comprehensively managing annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn comprises the following steps:
for nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer limiting principle is as follows: based on field test data, a life cycle evaluation method is used for quantifying the economic benefit and the environmental cost under different nitrogen fertilizer use amounts in the production process of winter wheat-summer corn; further combining the regional recommended nitrogen application method, quantifying the nitrogen fertilizer application limit amount to meet the minimum nitrogen application amount and realize the maximum environmental benefit;
for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the limiting principle of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is as follows: the regional phosphorus and potassium limits are monitored by constant monitoring.
In one or some embodiments of the disclosure, the wheat-corn is a yellow-to-white-sea two-year-old crop.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, for nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer limiting refers to a combination of yield benefits, nitrogen fertilizer costs, and various environmental costs resulting from nitrogen losses. And (3) calculating a first derivative of a curve equation of the environmental benefit and the nitrogen application amount by using an MRTN method, wherein when the first derivative is equal to 0, the environmental marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost, and the nitrogen application amount is the nitrogen fertilizer limit amount.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, the annual nitrogen fertilizer (N) usage is 168kg/hm2～464kg/hm2Annual phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5) The dosage is 0kg/hm2～300kg/hm2Annual potash fertilizer (K)2O) in an amount of 0kg/hm2～180kg/hm2。
In one or some embodiments of the disclosure, when soil fertility is high, the winter wheat nitrogen fertilizer limit (N) is: f is more than or equal to 87 and less than 102kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is in a horizontal level, the limit of the nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 102 and less than 166kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is low, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 166-200 kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is at an extremely low level, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 201 and less than 238kg/hm2；
Soil productivity was determined from the relative yields of a number of field trials (blank yield/optimized yield); the relative yield m is more than 90 percent, more than 70 percent and less than or equal to 90 percent, more than 50 percent and less than or equal to 70 percent, and less than 50 percent respectively represent high, medium, low and extremely low soil fertility.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the winter wheat target yield is 4500 ≦ c < 6000kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 85 and less than or equal to 105kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 60 and less than or equal to 85kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield of the winter wheat is 6000 or more and c is less than 7500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 110 and less than or equal to 140kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 80 and less than or equal to 110kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 40 and less than or equal to 80kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 40kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield of winter wheat is 7500-9000 kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 130 and less than or equal to 160kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 100 and less than or equal to 130kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 50 and less than or equal to 100kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 50kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield c of winter wheat is more than or equal to 9000kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 150 and less than or equal to 180kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 120 and less than or equal to 150kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 60 and less than or equal to 120kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2。
In one or of the present disclosureIn some embodiments, the yield c is 7500kg/hm when the target yield of winter wheat is less than or equal to2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120kg/hm2The potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0;
when the target yield c of winter wheat is more than 7500kg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 60 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120 and less than or equal to 150, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than 150kg/hm2The potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, the nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat and corn may be selected from one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and the like; the phosphate fertilizer can be selected from one or more of calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and the like; the potash fertilizer can be potassium sulfate; or binary or ternary formula fertilizer is selected, and the selection and application of the fertilizer meet the specification of NY/T1112 and NY/T2911; or binary or ternary slow/controlled release fertilizers are selected, and the slow/controlled release fertilizers are selected to meet the requirements of GB/T23348 and HG/T4215.
In one or some embodiments of the disclosure, nitrogen fertilizer is generally applied in 2 forms of base fertilizer and top dressing, 30% -40% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer when preparing soil before wheat seeding, and the depth is 10cm-15 cm; 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the green turning period or the jointing period. All the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizers to be combined with seeding or soil preparation and applied to a soil layer with a thickness of 10cm-15 cm. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2～50kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year. The fertilizer selection is required to meet the requirements of NY/T496.
In one or some embodiments of the disclosure, when soil fertility is high, the corn nitrogen fertilizer limit (N) is: g is more than or equal to 81 and less than or equal to 93kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is in a horizontal level, the limit of the nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 100 and not more than 151kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is low, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is more than 150 g and less than or equal to 190kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is at an extremely low levelThe limit of nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 192 and less than or equal to 226kg/hm2；
Soil productivity was determined from the relative yields of a number of field trials (blank yield/optimized yield); relative yield m is more than 90%, more than 70% m is less than or equal to 90%, more than 50% m is less than or equal to 70%, and less than 50% m represents high, medium, low and extremely low soil fertility respectively.
In one or some embodiments of the disclosure, when corn target yield is 6000 ≦ c < 7500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 40 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 30 and less than or equal to 40kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 15 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 15kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the corn target yield is 7500-9000 kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 40 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 20 and less than or equal to 40kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the corn target yield is 9000 or more and c is less than or equal to 10500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 75 and less than or equal to 100kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 50 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 25kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield c of the corn is more than or equal to 10500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 95 and less than or equal to 120kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 70 and less than or equal to 95kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 35 and less than or equal to 70kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 20 and less than or equal to 35kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20kg/hm2。
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the target yield c of corn is 9000kg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 60 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120 and less than or equal to 150kg/hm2The potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30; when d is more than 150mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0;
when the target yield of the corn is c more than 9000kg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 75 and less than or equal to 105kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 45 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120 and less than or equal to 150, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 45kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than 150mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, the nitrogen fertilizer is generally applied in 2 forms of base fertilizer and top dressing, wherein 30-40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer in the soil preparation before the corn is sowed to promote the roots and strengthen the seedlings; 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied after the corn is in the large flare stage (the leaf age index is 55-60%, and 11-12 leaves are unfolded), and the corn is deeply applied to promote ears and large grains. All phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer. The usage amounts of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are determined according to tables 6-7 respectively. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2～50kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year. The fertilizer selection is required to meet the requirements of NY/T496. Or selecting corn slow-release and controlled-release formula fertilizer with the fertilizing amount similar to the recommended fertilizing amount, sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time, wherein the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizers is 10cm-15cm, the fertilizing depth is more than or equal to 15cm, and no additional fertilizer is applied at the later stage.
Compared with the related technology known by the inventor, one technical scheme of the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
the application of the nitrogen fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages of considering yield, farmer income and environmental protection, and the application of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer takes the principle of comprehensively balancing annual nutrient demand of wheat and corn, soil fertilizer capability and fertilizer nutrient supply as a rule. The method is based on a large amount of field test data, and the life cycle evaluation method is used for quantifying the economic benefit and the environmental cost under different nitrogen fertilizer use amounts in the production process of the north China winter wheat-summer corn; and further combining the regional recommended nitrogen application method, and quantifying the nitrogen fertilizer application limit to meet the minimum nitrogen application amount to realize the maximum environmental benefit, namely the maximum economic benefit method. Through long-term positioning test of the fertilizer, the phosphorus and potassium application amount which can continuously control the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil in a proper range is found out, and the phosphorus and potassium application amount is used as a fertilizer application suggestion and keeps the relative stability of the usage amount in a certain time-space range.
Through field tests for many years, the method disclosed by the invention not only can realize high yield of the wheat and the corn, but also has good repeatability, and the wheat yield and the corn yield can be steadily increased year by year.
In the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the method of the present disclosure has general applicability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1: nitrogen fertilizer limitation (environmental optimized nitrogen application) that coordinates yield, environment, and human health.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
1 range
The invention discloses fertilization technical requirements such as a fertilization limiting principle, fertilizer using amount, fertilizer type, application period and method and the like adopted by annual nutrient resource comprehensive management of wheat and corn.
The method is suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai-one-year-two-harvest area for comprehensive management of annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn.
2 terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to the present disclosure.
2.1 Fertilizer fertilizer
To provide material (GB/T6274) for which crop nutrients are a major function.
2.2 target yield
The average yield per year and the annual increment rate of the fertilizer in the first 3 years of a certain regional fertilization area are used as basis for determination.
2.3 Fertilizer Limit Standard fertilizer Limit Standard
Maximum and minimum amounts of fertilizer are recommended for application so that the difference between the amount of nutrients required to achieve a target yield of the crop and the amount of nutrients supplied to the soil is used as a basis for determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to obtain a balance of nutrient balance.
3 principle and method for limiting fertilizer quantity
3.1 Fertilizer Limit principles
3.1.1 Nitrogen fertilizer limiting principle
The principle of fertilizer limitation is as follows: the yield requirement can be met to guarantee the grain safety, and the environmental loss is reduced to meet the environmental safety. The establishment of a limited standard has become one of the direct and effective ways to realize sustainable development of agriculture, resources and environment. The standard is based on a large amount of field test data, and a Life cycle evaluation method (LCA) is used for quantifying the economic benefit and the environmental cost under different nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the production process of the North China winter wheat-summer corn; and further combining the regional recommended nitrogen application method, quantifying the nitrogen fertilizer application limit, and realizing the Maximum environmental benefit by meeting the minimum nitrogen application amount, namely the Maximum economic profit Method (MRTN). And evaluating the environmental benefits of the test points under different fertilizing amounts, and establishing a functional relation between the regional fertilizing amount and the environmental benefits, wherein the fertilizing amount under the maximum environmental benefit is the recommended nitrogen fertilizer amount.
3.1.2 phosphorus-potassium fertilizer limiting principle
The regional phosphorus and potassium limits are monitored by constant monitoring. It is considered that if the available phosphorus (Olsen-P) of the soil exceeds 51mg/kg, environmental pollution is likely to occur. The proper root layer soil nutrient supply is the core of coordinating the high yield of the crops and the environmental protection, and the reasonable range of the effective phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium content of the root layer soil is determined so as to ensure that the crops can continuously and stably produce high yield without causing environmental risk or resource waste. Long-term positioning tests show that the change of the effective phosphorus and potassium of the soil is mainly determined by the balance of phosphorus and potassium of a soil-crop system. In order to maintain the phosphorus and potassium in the root layer at a proper level for a long time and exert the biological potential of the crops for utilizing nutrients, management strategies of 'improving', 'maintaining' or 'controlling' and corresponding fertilization recommendations are provided based on the root layer nutrient monitoring result and in combination with nutrient balance, and a simplified management technology for constant phosphorus and potassium monitoring is constructed. Through long-term positioning test of the fertilizer, the phosphorus and potassium application amount which can continuously control the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil in a proper range is found out, and the phosphorus and potassium application amount is used as a fertilizer application suggestion and keeps the relative stability of the usage amount in a certain time-space range.
3.2 method for limiting nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer limitation refers to a comprehensive consideration of yield benefits, nitrogen fertilizer costs, and various environmental costs resulting from nitrogen losses. By using the MRTN method, the first derivative of the curve equation of the environmental benefit and the nitrogen application amount is calculated, and when the first derivative is equal to 0, namely the environmental marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost, the nitrogen application amount is the nitrogen fertilizer limit amount (figure 1).
Be＝By-Ncost-Ecost＝AN2+BN....................................(1)
In the formula:
Be-environmental benefit ($/hm)2)；
ByYield benefit ($/hm)2) The yield of crop grains is multiplied by the corresponding price, and the unit price of wheat and corn is referred to 'national agricultural product cost and income documentation';
Ncostcost of nitrogenous fertilizer ($/hm)2) The nitrogen fertilizer is obtained by multiplying the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by the nitrogen fertilizer price, and the nitrogen fertilizer unit price refers to the national agricultural product cost and income data compilation;
Ecost-environmental costs ($/hm) associated with loss of active nitrogen (Nr) for each pathway2) (ii) a Evaluation of active Nitrogen loss in Each pathway includes NH3Volatilization of N2O-emission and N-leaching losses, which lead to a series of environmental problems, among which the nitrogen loss in three ways during the fertilizer application (N)2O emission, NO3 –Leaching and NH3Volatility) was estimated according to a nitrogen loss model (Cui et al, 2018), and the environmental cost per kg of various nitrogen losses was estimated according to the parameters of table 1.
A-parameters in a relation formula of environmental benefit and nitrogen application amount;
b-parameters in a relation formula of environmental benefit and nitrogen application amount;
neor-nitrogen fertilizer limiting amount (kg N/hm)2)。
TABLE 1 value parameters for environmental and human health due to different nitrogen losses
3.3 annual fertilizing amount
The application of the nitrogen fertilizer gives consideration to the yield, the income of farmers and the environmental protection, and the application of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer takes the principle of comprehensively planning the annual nutrient demand of the wheat and the corn, the soil fertilizer capability and the fertilizer nutrient supply balance. The annual nitrogen fertilizer (N) consumption is 168kg/hm2～464kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5) The dosage is 0kg/hm2～300kg/hm2Potash fertilizer (K)2O) in an amount of 0kg/hm2～180kg/hm2。
3.3.1 season of wheat
3.3.1.1 Nitrogen fertilizer Limit
Under different soil fertility conditions, the nitrogen fertilizer limit of wheat is shown in table 2. When the soil fertility is high, the nitrogen fertilizer limit (N) is 87kg/hm2～102kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is in a horizontal level, the limit of the nitrogen fertilizer is 102kg/hm2～166kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is low, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 166-200 kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is at an extremely low level, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 201-238 kg/hm2。
TABLE 2 soil fertility grading and winter wheat nitrogen fertilizer limiting
Note: soil productivity was determined from the relative yields (blank yield/optimized yield) of a number of field trials. The relative yield of more than 90 percent, 70 percent to 90 percent, 50 percent to 70 percent and less than 50 percent respectively represents high soil fertility, medium soil fertility, low soil fertility and extremely low soil fertility.
3.3.1.2 Limited amount of phosphate
Limiting the amount of phosphate fertilizer (P) in winter wheat under different target yields and soil fertility levels2O5) As shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 North China winter wheat soil Olsen-P grading and corresponding phosphate fertilizer usage
3.3.1.3 dosage of potash fertilizer
The amount of potassium fertilizer used for winter wheat under different target yields and soil fertility levels is shown in table 3.
TABLE 4 North China winter wheat soil exchangeable potassium classification and corresponding potassic fertilizer usage
3.3.1.4 kinds of fertilizer application
The nitrogen fertilizer can be selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate and the like; the phosphate fertilizer can be selected from calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and the like; the potash fertilizer can be potassium sulfate; or binary or ternary formula fertilizer is selected, and the selection and application of the fertilizer meet the specification of NY/T1112 and NY/T2911; or binary or ternary slow/controlled release fertilizers are selected, and the slow/controlled release fertilizers are selected to meet the requirements of GB/T23348 and HG/T4215.
3.3.1.5 fertilizing time and mode
The nitrogen fertilizer is usually applied in 2 forms of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer, 30-40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer before wheat is sown and the depth is 10-15 cm; 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the green turning period or the jointing period. All the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizers to be sown in combination or applied to a soil layer with the thickness of 10cm-15cm of a plough layer in a soil preparation mode, and the use amounts of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are determined according to tables 2-4. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2～50kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year. The fertilizer selection is required to meet the requirements of NY/T496.
3.3.2 corn season
3.3.2.1 limitation of nitrogen fertilizer
The corn nitrogen fertilizer limitation under different soil fertility conditions is shown in table 5. When the soil fertility is high, the nitrogen fertilizer limit (N) is 81kg/hm2～93kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is in a horizontal level, the limit of the nitrogen fertilizer is 100kg/hm2～151kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is low, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 150kg/hm2～190kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is at an extremely low level, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 192kg/hm2～226kg/hm2。
TABLE 5 soil fertility grading and corn nitrogen fertilizer limiting
Note: soil productivity was determined from the relative yields (blank yield/optimized yield) of a number of field trials. The relative yield of more than 90 percent, 70 percent to 90 percent, 50 percent to 70 percent and less than 50 percent respectively represents that the soil fertility level is high, medium, low and extremely low.
3.3.2.2 limited amount of phosphate fertilizer
The amount of phosphate fertilizer limited for summer corn under different target yields and soil fertility levels is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 North China corn soil Olsen-P grading and corresponding phosphate fertilizer usage
3.3.2.3 dosage of potash fertilizer
The amount of potassium fertilizer used in summer corn under different target yields and soil fertility levels is shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 North China corn soil exchangeable potassium grading and corresponding Potash Fertilizer dosage
3.3.2.4 kinds of fertilizer application
The fertilizer types are selected from 3.3.1.4 fertilizer types.
3.3.2.5 fertilizing time and mode
The nitrogen fertilizer is usually applied in 2 forms of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is shown in table 5, wherein 30-40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizerTo promote the root and strengthen the seedling; 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied after the corn is in the large flare stage (the leaf age index is 55-60%, and 11-12 leaves are unfolded), and the corn is deeply applied to promote ears and large grains. All phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer. The usage amounts of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are determined according to tables 6-7 respectively. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2～50kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year. The fertilizer selection is required to meet the requirements of NY/T496. Or selecting corn slow-release and controlled-release formula fertilizer with the fertilizing amount similar to the recommended fertilizing amount, sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time, wherein the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizers is 10cm-15cm, the fertilizing depth is more than or equal to 15cm, and no additional fertilizer is applied at the later stage.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present disclosure more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
2016-plus 2017, performing field test in a field of crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Shandong province, wherein in soil productivity grade (relative yield is 70-90%), 14-30 mg/kg of soil Olsen-P and 90-120 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium in soil, and determining the target yield of the wheat to be 9000kg/hm according to the yield and the yield increase condition of the land of nearly 3 years2The target yield of corn is 10500kg/hm2. In the embodiment, the winter wheat is immediately sown on the current day after the corn is harvested in 2016 years, 10 months and 3 days, the wheat variety is Shannong No. 27, and the fertilization time and mode are as follows: the 35% nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer when the soil is prepared before wheat is sown, and the depth is 10-15 cm; 65% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the green turning period; all the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizers to be combined with seeding or soil preparation and applied to a soil layer with a thickness of 10cm-15 cm. Fertilizing amount: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 105kg/hm2，P2O5The dosage is 120kg/hm2Potassium application amount (K)2O) in an amount of 60kg/hm2. Selecting a fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 35kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year.
In the embodiment, wheat is fully ripe and harvested in 2017 in 6-8 th month, corn is leveled and sown in a seedbed in 6-9 th month, the corn variety is climbing the sea 605, and the fertilizing period and mode are as follows:applying 35% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer; dressing 65% of nitrogen fertilizer in the large-horn-mouth stage of corn (leaf age index is 55% -60%, 11 th-12 th leaves are unfolded); all phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizer; the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is 10cm-15cm, and the fertilizing depth is more than or equal to 15 cm. Fertilizing amount: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 110kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5) The application rate is 70kg/hm2Potash fertilizer (K)2O) application rate of 75kg/hm2. Selecting a fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 35kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year.
By adopting the method, the yield of the wheat in 2017 is 9067.8kg/hm2The yield of the corn in 2018 is 10547.9kg/hm2. And (3) continuing to perform field tests of the next year by adopting the same fertilization method, and determining to obtain: the yield of wheat in 2018 is 9959.4kg/hm2The yield of the corn in 2019 is 11387.2kg/hm2(ii) a The yield of wheat in 2019 is 10956.3kg/hm2The corn yield is 12430.5kg/hm in 20202. Therefore, after three-year fixed-point tests, the method has good repeatability, and the wheat yield and the corn yield steadily increase year by year.
Example 2
2016-2017, field tests are carried out on Dayue region farmlands in Taian city, Shandong province, the soil fertility level is low (relative yield is 50% -70%), the soil Olsen-P is 7-14 mg/kg, the exchangeable potassium in the soil is less than 90mg/kg, and the target yield of wheat is determined to be 7500kg/hm according to the yield and the yield increasing condition of the land mass for nearly 3 years2The target yield of corn is 9000kg/hm2. In the embodiment, the winter wheat is immediately sown on the current day after the corn is harvested in 2016, 10 and 2 days, the wheat variety is Shannong No. 27, and the fertilization time and mode are as follows: 40% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer for land preparation before wheat seeding, and the depth is 10-15 cm; dressing 60% of nitrogen fertilizer in the jointing stage; all the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizers to be combined with seeding or soil preparation and applied to a soil layer with a thickness of 10cm-15 cm. Fertilizing amount: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 170kg/hm2，P2O5The dosage is 130kg/hm2Potassium application amount (K)2O) in an amount of 60kg/hm2. Selecting a fertilizer: the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from ammonium sulfate, the phosphate fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 40kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year.
In the embodiment, the wheat is fully ripe and harvested in 6 months and 6 days in 2017, the corn is leveled and sowed in a seedbed in 6 months and 7 days, the corn variety is climbing the sea 605, and the fertilizing period and mode are as follows: 40 percent of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; dressing 60% of nitrogen fertilizer in the large-horn-mouth stage of corn (leaf age index is 55% -60%, 11 th-12 th leaves are unfolded); all phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizer; the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is 10cm-15cm, and the fertilizing depth is more than or equal to 15 cm. Fertilizing amount: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 160kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5) The application rate is 75kg/hm2Potash fertilizer (K)2O) application rate of 75kg/hm2. Selecting a fertilizer: the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from ammonium sulfate, the phosphate fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 40kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year.
By the method, the yield of the wheat in 2017 is 7547.9kg/hm2The yield of the corn in 2018 is 9067.6kg/hm2. And (3) continuing to perform field tests of the next year by adopting the same fertilization method, and determining to obtain: the yield of wheat in 2018 is 7965.4kg/hm2The yield of the corn in 2019 is 9476.6kg/hm2(ii) a The yield of wheat in 2019 is 8064.7kg/hm2The corn yield is 98716.5kg/hm in 20202. Therefore, after three-year fixed-point tests, the method has good repeatability, and the wheat yield and the corn yield steadily increase year by year.
Example 3
2016-plus 2017, performing field test in a test field of Jiyang county of Jinan City, Shandong province, wherein in soil productivity level (relative yield is 70-90%), 14-30 mg/kg of soil Olsen-P and 90-120 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium in soil, and determining the target yield of wheat to be 7500kg/hm according to the yield and yield increase condition of the plot in nearly 3 years2The target yield of corn is 9000kg/hm2. In this example, the winter wheat is immediately sown at the current day after the corn is harvested in 2016 years, 10 months and 2 daysThe variety of the wheat is Shannong No. 27, and the fertilization period and the fertilization mode are as follows: 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer for land preparation before wheat seeding, and the depth is 10-15 cm; applying 70% of nitrogen fertilizer in the green turning period; all the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizers to be combined with seeding or soil preparation and applied to a soil layer with a thickness of 10cm-15 cm. Fertilizing amount: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 105kg/hm2，P2O5The dosage is 100kg/hm2Potassium application amount (K)2O) in an amount of 30kg/hm2. Selecting a fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year.
In the embodiment, wheat is fully ripe and harvested in 2017 in 6 th and 7 th days, corn is leveled and sown in seedbed in 6 th and 8 th days, the corn variety is climbing the sea 605, and the fertilizing period and mode are as follows: 30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; dressing 70% of nitrogen fertilizer in the large-horn-mouth stage of corn (leaf age index is 55% -60%, 11 th-12 th leaves are unfolded); all phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizer; the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is 10cm-15cm, and the fertilizing depth is more than or equal to 15 cm. Fertilizing amount: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 100kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5) The application rate is 50kg/hm2Potash fertilizer (K)2O) application rate of 60kg/hm2. Selecting a fertilizer: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2It is recommended to apply the zinc fertilizer every 1 year.
By the method, the yield of the wheat in 2017 is 7586.6kg/hm2The yield of the corn in 2018 is 9089.4kg/hm2. And (3) continuing to perform field tests of the next year by adopting the same fertilization method, and determining to obtain: the yield of wheat in 2018 is 7998.3kg/hm2The yield of the corn in 2019 is 9568.9kg/hm2(ii) a The yield of wheat in 2019 is 8135.6kg/hm2The corn yield is 9965.6kg/hm in 20202. Therefore, after three-year fixed-point tests, the method has good repeatability, and the wheat yield and the corn yield steadily increase year by year.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive management method for annual nutrient resources of wheat and corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
for nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer limiting principle is as follows: based on field test data, a life cycle evaluation method is used for quantifying the economic benefit and the environmental cost under different nitrogen fertilizer use amounts in the production process of winter wheat-summer corn; further combining the regional recommended nitrogen application method, quantifying the nitrogen fertilizer application limit amount to meet the minimum nitrogen application amount and realize the maximum environmental benefit;
for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the limiting principle of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is as follows: the regional phosphorus and potassium limits are monitored by constant monitoring.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wheat-corn is a yellow-to-white-sea two-crop;
furthermore, the annual nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 168kg/hm2～464kg/hm2Annual phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5) The dosage is 0kg/hm2～300kg/hm2Annual potash fertilizer (K)2O) in an amount of 0kg/hm2～180kg/hm2。
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein, when the soil fertility is high, the winter wheat nitrogen fertilizer limit (N) is: f is more than or equal to 87 and less than 102kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is in a horizontal level, the limit of the nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 102 and less than 166kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is low, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 166-200 kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is at an extremely low level, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 201 and less than 238kg/hm2(ii) a The soil fertility is determined according to the relative yield of field tests, and the relative yield m>90％、70％＜m≤90％、50％＜m≤70％、m<50 percent respectively represents high, medium, low and extremely low soil fertility.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the yield of winter wheat is 4500 ≤ c < 6000kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 85 and less than or equal to 105kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 60 and less than or equal to 85kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield of the winter wheat is 6000 or more and c is less than 7500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 110 and less than or equal to 140kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 80 and less than or equal to 110kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 40 and less than or equal to 80kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 40kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield of winter wheat is 7500-9000 kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 130 and less than or equal to 160kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 100 and less than or equal to 130kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 50 and less than or equal to 100kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 50kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield c of winter wheat is more than or equal to 9000kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 150 and less than or equal to 180kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 120 and less than or equal to 150kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 60 and less than or equal to 120kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2。
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the target yield c of winter wheat is 7500k or lessg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120kg/hm2The potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0;
when the target yield c of winter wheat is more than 7500kg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 60 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120 and less than or equal to 150, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than 150kg/hm2The potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 2 forms of base fertilizer and top dressing, 30-40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer before wheat is sown in soil preparation, and the depth is 10-15 cm; dressing 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer in the green turning period or the jointing period; all phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizer to be sown in combination or applied to soil layers with 10cm-15cm of plough layers; the dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2～50kg/hm2The zinc fertilizer is applied every 1 year.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein when the soil fertility is high, the corn nitrogen fertilizer limit (N) is: g is more than or equal to 81 and less than or equal to 93kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is in a horizontal level, the limit of the nitrogen fertilizer is not less than 100 and not more than 151kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is low, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is more than 150 g and less than or equal to 190kg/hm2(ii) a When the soil fertility is at an extremely low level, the limit of nitrogen fertilizer is 192-226 kg/hm2。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the corn yield is 6000. ltoreq. c < 7500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 40 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 30 and less than or equal to 40kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 15 and less than or equal to 30kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the medicine is appliedThe phosphorus content is: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 15kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the corn target yield is 7500-9000 kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 40 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 20 and less than or equal to 40kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the corn target yield is 9000 or more and c is less than or equal to 10500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 75 and less than or equal to 100kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 50 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 25kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is 0;
when the target yield c of the corn is more than or equal to 10500kg/hm2When the available phosphorus a in the soil is less than 7mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 95 and less than or equal to 120kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 7 and less than 14mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 70 and less than or equal to 95kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 14 and less than 30mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 35 and less than or equal to 70kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than or equal to 30 and less than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 20 and less than or equal to 35kg/hm2(ii) a When a is more than 40mg/kg, the phosphorus application amount is as follows: b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20kg/hm2。
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the target yield c of corn is 9000kg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 60 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120 and less than or equal to 150kg/hm2The potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30; when d is more than 150mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0;
when the target yield of the corn is c more than 9000kg/hm2When potassium d is exchanged in the soil<When the potassium content is 90mg/kg, the potassium content is as follows: e is more than 75 and less than or equal to 105kg/hm2(ii) a When in useWhen d is more than or equal to 90 and less than 120mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 45 and less than or equal to 75kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than or equal to 120 and less than or equal to 150, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is more than 0 and less than or equal to 45kg/hm2(ii) a When d is more than 150mg/kg, the potassium application amount is as follows: e is 0.
10. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 2 forms of a base fertilizer and a top dressing, wherein 30 to 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer when preparing soil before sowing the corn; dressing 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer in the large-horn-mouth stage (leaf age index is 55-60%, 11-12 leaves are unfolded); all phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are used as base fertilizer; the dosage of zinc sulfate is 30kg/hm2～50kg/hm2The zinc fertilizer is applied every 1 year.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110577564.1A CN113331005A (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110577564.1A CN113331005A (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113331005A true CN113331005A (en) | 2021-09-03 |
Family
ID=77471571
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110577564.1A Pending CN113331005A (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113331005A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115413462A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for determining rice nitrogen fertilizer application amount |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106187642A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 河北农业大学 | Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer and using method thereof containing quantitative DCD proportioning |
| CN106797746A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-06-06 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of method of fertilizer amount needed for crops under the conditions of quick determination straw-returning |
-
2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110577564.1A patent/CN113331005A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106187642A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 河北农业大学 | Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer and using method thereof containing quantitative DCD proportioning |
| CN106797746A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-06-06 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of method of fertilizer amount needed for crops under the conditions of quick determination straw-returning |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘小玲;贾良良;韩宝文;李春杰;刘文菊;刘孟朝;: "不同养分管理模式与耕作栽培措施对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响" * |
| 崔振岭;陈新平;张福锁;徐久飞;石立委;李俊良;: "华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系土壤硝态氮的适宜含量" * |
| 张改霞;: "长葛市冬小麦施肥指标体系研究" * |
| 王宜伦;白由路;王磊;刘举;韩燕来;谭金芳;: "基于养分专家系统的小麦-玉米推荐施肥效应研究" * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115413462A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for determining rice nitrogen fertilizer application amount |
| CN115413462B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Determination method for rice nitrogen fertilizer application amount |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Pan et al. | Benefits of mechanized deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer in direct-seeded rice in South China | |
| CN108633424B (en) | Winter wheat fertilizing method | |
| CN100513363C (en) | Special fertilizer for northeast corn and preparation method thereof | |
| Abbasi et al. | Comparative effectiveness of urea N, poultry manure and their combination in changing soil properties and maize productivity under rainfed conditions in Northeast Pakistan | |
| NL2025451B1 (en) | One-Off Fertilization Method Suitable for Winter Wheat in Areas with Less Rainfall in Spring | |
| CN107211681B (en) | Low-cost and high-efficiency water-fertilizer integrated planting method for winter potatoes | |
| CN101911881A (en) | Japonica rice three-factor nutrition management method | |
| CN108812153B (en) | Nutrient accurate management method for green Chinese onions | |
| CN108834525B (en) | Fertilizing method for sunflowers | |
| CN105875001B (en) | Rice protects tiller and increases fringe high yield fertilizer technology | |
| Marahatta | Increasing productivity of an intensive rice based system through site specific nutrient management in western terai of Nepal | |
| CN107241954B (en) | High-yield fertilization method for rice in medium and high-yield fields | |
| CN111165145B (en) | Fertilizing method for improving lodging resistance and seed quality of cold region corn | |
| CN110547162B (en) | Nutrient regulation and control method for improving taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil | |
| CN105777432B (en) | Wheat and corn crop rotation base fertilizer and fertilizing method thereof | |
| Li et al. | Effects of topsoil removal on nitrogen uptake, biomass accumulation, and yield formation in puddled-transplanted rice | |
| CN113331005A (en) | Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn | |
| CN104350855B (en) | Application method of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer in full bearing period of apple trees | |
| CN109673417B (en) | Pepper fertilizer application-reducing and efficiency-increasing cultivation method | |
| CN105723907B (en) | A kind of preceding stubble is the double cropping paddy rice fertilizing method of Winter potato | |
| CN111869392A (en) | Fertilizing method for high-quality rice in cold region | |
| CN107298603A (en) | A kind of nutrition adjustment type fertilizer used only for cotton leaf surface | |
| CN106385914A (en) | Crop special-purposed composite fertilizer application method | |
| CN111685123A (en) | Plant growth regulator composition and preparation method and application thereof | |
| Chandika Lama et al. | Assessment of productivity and resource use efficiency of rice under different establishment methods and nutrient management in Chitwan condition, Nepal. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |