CN106187642A - Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer and using method thereof containing quantitative DCD proportioning - Google Patents
Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer and using method thereof containing quantitative DCD proportioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN106187642A CN106187642A CN201610568351.1A CN201610568351A CN106187642A CN 106187642 A CN106187642 A CN 106187642A CN 201610568351 A CN201610568351 A CN 201610568351A CN 106187642 A CN106187642 A CN 106187642A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural fertilizers, especially relate to inorganic fertilizer and fertilizing method technical field, specifically disclose the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning, this fertilizer components includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, respectively with N, P2O5And K2O measures, and its quality proportioning meets N:P2O5:K2O=300:90:150, also includes DCD in described nitrogenous fertilizer, its addition is the 5% of N mass, and described DCD is dicyandiamide;The nitrogenous fertilizer of described phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and part is base manure, and remaining nitrogenous fertilizer is for topdressing, and containing the 40%wt of total N in base manure, in topdressing 60%wt, described DCD containing total N base manure with topdress in mass ratio be 4:6.Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer of the present invention can improve corn yield, reduction fertilising cost, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution after using.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural fertilizers, especially relate to inorganic fertilizer and fertilizing method technical field.
Background technology
The North China Plain is China major grain producing area, and total output of grain accounts for the whole nation 1/7, and increases in grain production mode mainly increases with peasant
Add chemical fertilizer input to realize, North China Semen Maydis season averagely execute pure nitrogen level and reach 417.0 kg/hm2.At present, use the widest nitrogenous fertilizer and have general
Logical carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and compound fertilizer etc..
Common urea low price, the suitability extensively, can be made base manure, topdress, and is the nitrogenous fertilizer of current China consumption maximum.Carbonic acid
Although hydrogen ammonium is suitable for all kinds soil, but its poor stability, easily decomposition volatilization produce penetrating odor, and application process is loaded down with trivial details,
Abandoned by most peasants at present.
Of a great variety containing nitrogen composite fertilizer, use conveniently, but effect is very different, and can easily not adjust various nutrient ratio
Example is to adapt to Different Crop needs.This type of nitrogenous fertilizer is the nitrogen fertilizers enlivened very much, after it is manured into soil, at the work of nitrobacteria
Under with, quickly become the nitrate nitrogen form of negative charge from the ammonium nitrogen form transformation of positive charge, and soil be per se with negative charge,
Therefore ammonium nitrogen can mutually adsorb with soil and not easily run off, and nitrate nitrogen then repels each other with soil electricity, at irrigation water and rainwater
Just easily causing leaching under washing away to run off, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduces.Meanwhile, nitrate nitrogen is denitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria
Effect under, greenhouse gases N can be formed2O。N2O heats contribution and reaches 2%~4% global warming, and it heats potentiality is CO2
298 times.
The fertilization mode utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer that causes China current of existing nitrogen fertilizers and excess is only 30%~35%, greatly
Part nitrogenous fertilizer enters soil, water body and air by modes such as runoff, leaching loss and volatilizations.On the one hand this cause resource and wealth
Waste, on the other hand result also in the pollution of soil environment, water body environment and atmospheric environment.
Dicyandiamide, abridge DICY or DCD, white crystalline powder, chemical formula C2H4N4, water soluble, alcohol etc., its volatility
Weak, to be difficult to moisture absorption, consumption little, does not has toxic residue in soil.DCD belongs to nitrification inhibitor also known as nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, it is possible to
Improve nitrogenous fertilizer stability, increase fertilizer effectiveness.It is mainly by quantity and the kind of the Nitromonas in suppression soil
Group structure, reduces microorganism secretion ammona monooxygenase and the quantity of hydroxylamine reductase or reduces its activity, NH in suppression soil4 +Quilt
It is oxidized to NO2 −, certain ammonium nitre (NH in suppression soil nitrification and optimal control soil4 +/ NO3 −) ratio, and do not affect soil
Other heterotrophic microorganism activity in earth.Within a certain period of time, dicyandiamide can suppress or reduce the activity of nitrite bacteria, adds
After dicyandiamide, the ammonium in fertilizer can be stablized 6~8 weeks, and the length of stabilization time depends on the nitrogen total amount used and adds accordingly
The ratio of dicyandiamide, is additionally affected by the soil moisture and humidity etc..
Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop a kind of Semen Maydis inorganic composite fertilizer containing DCD being suitable to and using in the North China Plain, to carry
High nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, reduces nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount and fertilising cost, reduces loss of nitrogenous fertilizer to soil environment, water body environment and air
The pollution of environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning and user thereof
Method, this fertilizer is compound fertilizer, and the stability of its containing nitrogenous fertilizers is high, and nitrogen nitrification loss in application is low, the profit of nitrogenous fertilizer
Higher by rate, meanwhile, this rate of fertilizer is low, low cost of applying fertilizer, it is possible to significantly make corn yield increasing, reduces the pollution to environment.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the Semen Maydis containing quantitative DCD proportioning is with inorganic
Fertilizer, this fertilizer components includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, respectively with N, P2O5And K2O measures, and its quality proportioning meets N:P2O5:
K2O=300:90:150, also includes DCD in described nitrogenous fertilizer, its addition is the 5% of N mass, and described DCD is dicyandiamide;
Described phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and part nitrogenous fertilizer be base manure, remaining nitrogenous fertilizer for topdressing, and in base manure contain total N 40%wt, chase after
In fertilizer, 60%wt, described DCD containing total N are 4:6 at base manure and the mass ratio in topdressing.
Described phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are respectively calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, described nitrogenous fertilizer be carbamide, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulphate nitrate or
Ammonium nitrate carbamide.As preferably, described nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide.
The using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning as mentioned above, including: by Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer
Base manure be disposably manured into soil in the corn seeding phase, by Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer topdressing the Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase combine fall
Rain or pour water imposes.
As preferably, the per hectare amount of application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in described Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer, with N, P2O5、K2O measures,
It is respectively 300 kg, 90 kg, 150kg.
Further, the using method of this inorganic fertilizer is in corn planting in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system
The wheat/corn field of phase.
Further, the wheat/corn field in described Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system was used containing fixed in the wheat planting phase
The Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer of amount DCD proportioning, described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer includes the nitrogenous fertilizer adding DCD, and described Semen Tritici aestivi is with inorganic
During in fertilizer, the addition of DCD is its nitrogenous fertilizer the 5% of N mass.
Further, in described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer, the per hectare amount of application of N is 225 kg.
Further, nitrogenous fertilizer in described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer and DCD application in two dressings are in wheat/corn field, once
Disposably being manured into soil at sowing stage of wheat, another time imposes with pouring water at Semen Tritici aestivi period of seedling establishment, nitrogenous fertilizer and DCD in twice fertilising
Amount of application is identical.
Further, described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer also includes phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and its phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are at sowing stage of wheat
Disposably it is manured into soil;Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer are respectively with N, P2O5And K2O measures, its matter
Amount proportioning meets N:P2O5:K2O=225:120:150。
Use produced by technique scheme and have the beneficial effects that: Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer of the present invention by nitrogen total amount and
The ratio adding dicyandiamide (DCD) accordingly controls and phosphate fertilizer, the proportioning of potash fertilizer, it is possible to coordinate Winter Wheat in North-Xia Yu
The soil environment of rice crop rotation systems, utilizes dicyandiamide suppression or reduces the activity of nitrite bacteria, making the ammonium in fertilizer be stablized
Long period, it is possible to play the effect of long-acting fertilising, significantly reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer.Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer of the present invention is applied to
After maize farmland, compared with conventional fertilizers formula, corn yield increases substantially, and rate of fertilizer reduces, and fertilising cost reduces,
N2O total emission volumn substantially reduces, it is possible to reduce the pollution to environment.
Detailed description of the invention
The fertilizer efficiency that the inorganic fertilizer loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate height made to solve North China corn field causes is low, fertilising cost is high, execute
Fertile consumption is big, and the problem such as serious environment pollution, the invention provides a kind of Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning
Material, by nitrogen total amount and the control that adds DCD ratio, and it is with phosphate fertilizer, the ratio optimization of potash fertilizer, it is possible to increase Semen Maydis produces
Measure, reduce fertilising cost, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution.
Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer of the present invention is corn formulation fertilizer, nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium nutrition and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide
(DCD), the adding proportion of DCD is the 5% of purity nitrogen consumption, and nitrogen, phosphorus, the per hectare amount of application of potassium, with N, P2O5、K2O measures, respectively
Be 300 kg, 90 kg, 150kg.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition are respectively by carbamide (containing N 46%), DCD (containing N 66.5%), calcium superphosphate
(containing P2O5 16%) and potassium chloride is (containing K2O 57%) provide.Phosphorus, potash fertilizer the most all make base manure and are disposably manured into soil.Semen Maydis quaternary nitrogen
Fertile the 40% of the total nitrogen that processes makees base manure, and the nitrogenous fertilizer of 60% combines rainfall or pour water in the typhon mouth phase and imposes, and DCD Dressing ratios is equal
For 4:6.
Corn planting farmland, North China belongs to Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system, shift of crops more, is also called thing and changes
Stubble, refers to the planting patterns having sequentially shifting cultivation Different Crop on same field.Shift of crops decapacitation enough fully profit
With outside natural land resource, additionally it is possible to promote as growth promoter, improve crop yield, improve product quality, improve soil reason
Change character, increase Soil Biodiversity, minimizing disease, worm, Weed infestation etc..
Therefore, in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system, corn fertilizing and wheat fertilizing plan as a whole compounding application, it is possible to play thing
The effect of half merit times, it is possible to improve fertilizer efficiency further, increase crop yield, reduce the pollution to environment of the fertilizer especially nitrogenous fertilizer.
Based on this, the invention also discloses a kind of Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning, it is possible to coordinate with corn formulation fertilizer and make
With, it is adaptable to Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system.
This Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer is Semen Tritici aestivi formula fertilizer, nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium nutrition and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD),
The adding proportion of DCD is the 5% of purity nitrogen consumption, and nitrogen, phosphorus, the per hectare amount of application of potassium, with N, P2O5、K2O measures, and is respectively
225kg、120 kg、150kg.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition (are contained by carbamide (containing N 46%), DCD (containing N 66.5%), calcium superphosphate respectively
P2O5 16%) and potassium chloride is (containing K2O 57%) provide.Phosphorus, potash fertilizer the most all make base manure and are disposably manured into soil.Semen Tritici aestivi quaternary nitrogen is fertile
Process total nitrogen 50% makees base manure, and the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% combines rainfall or pour water at period of seedling establishment and imposes, and DCD Dressing ratios is 5:5.
Name test example inventive formulation fertilizer and effect thereof are described further.
This test is from the beginning of summer corn, and on June 12nd, 2013 is sowed, JIUYUE results on the 30th;On October 1 in the sowing lower stubble winter is little
Wheat, gathers in the crops on June 12nd, 2014.The test of Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi is all provided with 3 process, including peasant convention fertilizer formula (a), novel fertilizer
Material formula is without adding DCD(b), new-type fertilizer formula add DCD(c) three process, be shown in Table 1.Each process is repeated 3 times, at random
Arrangement.Three to process phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer completely the same;Semen Tritici aestivi fertilizer conventional formulation purity nitrogen consumption is 285kg hm-2, new-type fertilizer
Formula processes pure nitrogen level and is 225kg hm-2;Semen Maydis fertilizer conventional formulation purity nitrogen consumption is 392kg hm-2, new-type fertilizer formula
Process pure nitrogen level and be 300kg hm-2。
Wherein nitrification inhibitor DCD consumption is the 5.0% of pure N consumption.Phosphorus, potash fertilizer in each process the most all make base manure one
Secondary property is manured into soil.Semen Maydis season N fertilization total nitrogen 40% make base manure, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 60% the typhon mouth phase combine rainfall or
Pouring water and impose, DCD Dressing ratios is 4:6;Semen Tritici aestivi season N fertilization total nitrogen 50% make base manure, 50% chases after with pouring water at period of seedling establishment
Executing, DCD Dressing ratios is 5:5.Liang Jige community seating position is identical, plot area 8.5 × 6=51(m2).Each process removes dose
Outside difference, other field management measures are all carried out according to local high-yield field measure.
Result of the test is as follows.
Yield and economic benefit
The yield processed from table 2 different formulations fertilizer and economic benefit are it can be seen that compared with peasant convention fertilizer formula, Semen Tritici aestivi is new
Type fertilizer formula processes yield and adds 117.7 and 337.3 kg hm respectively-2;Under the conditions of nitrogen quantity, after adding DCD, yield
Add 219.6 kg hm-2.In Semen Maydis season, new-type fertilizer formula processes yield relatively peasant convention soil fertility quality and adds respectively
1069 and 1250.1 kg hm-2;Under the conditions of nitrogen quantity, after adding DCD, yield adds 181.1 kg hm-2。
Compared with conventional fertilizers formula, Semen Tritici aestivi season b, c process fertilizer cost declines 234.0 and 9.0 yuan of hm respectively-2, pure
Income increases by 469.4 and 683.5 yuan of hm respectively-2.Under the conditions of nitrogen quantity, with process b ratio, processing c net earnings increases by 214.1
Unit hm-2.Semen Maydis season b, c process fertilizer cost declines 356.9 and 56.9 yuan of hm respectively-2, net earnings increases by 2708.7 respectively
With 2807.2 yuan of hm-2.Under the conditions of nitrogen quantity, with process b ratio, processing c net earnings increases by 98.5 yuan of hm-2。
Explanation about table 2: the total income that the crop kernel that summer corn/winter wheat respectively processes obtains deducts fertilizer cost
Deduct other field management costs and be set to net earnings.Each process denitrogenate fertile consumption, kind different with fertilising recruitment outside, remaining field
Control measures are the most consistent.Test time Semen Maydis, wheat seed procurement price are respectively 2.2 yuan of kg-1With 2 yuan of kg-1.Using
Fertile price is respectively as follows: 3.9 yuan of kg of pure N-1, P2O55.65 unit kg-1, K26.5 yuan of kg of O-1, 20 yuan of kg of DCD-1.Its
His field management cost includes the expenses such as seed, tractor-ploughing, pesticide, irrigation, various agronomic measures recruitments.Semen Maydis and wheat seed divide
It is not 600 and 750 yuan of hm-2.The each 1500 yuan of hm of fertilising expenses of labour-2, each fertilizer that processes divides base manure, topdresses 2 times and use.
The cost of Semen Maydis and other field management measures of Semen Tritici aestivi season is respectively 2656.5 and 2672.25 yuan of hm-2。
Greenhouse gases N2O total emission volumn
Table 3 corn-wheat season N2O total emission volumn shows, compared with the process of peasant convention formula, Semen Maydis season and Semen Tritici aestivi season are each novel
The N that fertilizer formula processes2O total emission volumn the most substantially reduces.In Semen Maydis season, compared with peasant convention fertilizer formula, new-type fertilizer
Formula adds, without adding DCD and new-type fertilizer formula, the N that DCD processes2O total emission volumn reduces 44.2% and 69.9% respectively.Semen Tritici aestivi
In season, compared with peasant convention fertilizer formula, new-type fertilizer formula adds, without adding DCD and new-type fertilizer formula, the N that DCD processes2O
Total emission volumn reduces by 47.1% and 73.7% respectively.New-type fertilizer formula adds DCD relatively without adding DCD process, Semen Maydis season and Semen Tritici aestivi
Season N2O total emission volumn reduces 46.2% and 50.4% respectively.Therefore, new-type fertilizer formula relatively peasant convention fertilizer formula can show
Write and reduce N2O total emission volumn;Under the conditions of equal amount of nitrogen, use DCD and also can significantly reduce crop rotation systems N2The discharge of O.
Above the present invention is described in detail, the present invention applies specific case embodiments of the present invention are carried out
Illustrating, the explanation of above example is only intended to help and understands the present invention, it is noted that for the technology people of the art
For Yuan, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, also the present invention can be carried out some improvement, these improvement also fall into this
In bright scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning, it is characterised in that: this fertilizer components includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer,
Respectively with N, P2O5And K2O measures, and its quality proportioning meets N:P2O5:K2O=300:90:150, also includes DCD in described nitrogenous fertilizer,
Its addition is the 5% of N mass, and described DCD is dicyandiamide;
Described phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and part nitrogenous fertilizer be base manure, remaining nitrogenous fertilizer for topdressing, and in base manure contain total N 40%wt, chase after
In fertilizer, 60%wt, described DCD containing total N are 4:6 at base manure and the mass ratio in topdressing.
Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertile respectively calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, described nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulphate nitrate or ammonium nitrate carbamide.
3. contain the using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer of quantitative DCD proportioning as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including:
Described base manure was disposably manured into soil in the corn seeding phase, described topdressing is combined rainfall in the Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase or pours water
Impose.
The using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that institute
State the per hectare amount of application of nitrogen in Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, with N, P2O5、K2O measure, respectively 300 kg, 90 kg,
150kg。
5. according to the using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that
This using method is in the wheat/corn field of corn planting phase in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system.
The using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that institute
The Semen Tritici aestivi nothing containing quantitative DCD proportioning is used in the wheat planting phase in the wheat/corn field stated in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System system
Machine fertilizer, described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer includes the nitrogenous fertilizer adding DCD, and in described Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer, the addition of DCD is
In its nitrogenous fertilizer the 5% of N mass.
The using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that institute
The per hectare amount of application stating N in Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer is 225 kg.
The using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that institute
State the nitrogenous fertilizer in Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer and DCD application in two dressings in wheat/corn field, once disposably execute at sowing stage of wheat
Entering soil, another time imposes with pouring water at Semen Tritici aestivi period of seedling establishment, and in twice fertilising, nitrogenous fertilizer is identical with the amount of application of DCD.
The using method of the Semen Maydis inorganic fertilizer containing quantitative DCD proportioning the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that institute
Stating Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer and also include phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, its phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are disposably manured into soil at sowing stage of wheat;Described
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in Semen Tritici aestivi inorganic fertilizer are respectively with N, P2O5And K2O measures, and its quality proportioning meets N:P2O5:K2O
=225:120:150。
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CN113331005A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-03 | 山东省农业科学院 | Annual nutrient resource comprehensive management method for wheat and corn |
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Application publication date: 20161207 |