CN113826472B - Organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for annual rotation of facility cucumber based on organic substitution - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for annual rotation of facility cucumber based on organic substitution Download PDFInfo
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- CN113826472B CN113826472B CN202110997350.XA CN202110997350A CN113826472B CN 113826472 B CN113826472 B CN 113826472B CN 202110997350 A CN202110997350 A CN 202110997350A CN 113826472 B CN113826472 B CN 113826472B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for organic and inorganic efficient fertilization of annual rotation of a facility cucumber based on organic substitution, which is suitable for the annual rotation mode of 2 stubbles (autumn and winter stubbles and spring stubbles) of the facility cucumber only in autumnWinter stubble application 5/666.7 m 2 The livestock manure compost replaces 15% of the optimal fertilizer application amount, thereby achieving the effects of losing weight, improving quality, saving cost and improving soil and fertility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for facility cucumber based on organic substitution.
Background
In order to pursue high yield and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, the Chinese is the first country of world facility vegetable field production, which not only causes the quality reduction of vegetables and the influence on human health, but also causes the fertility disorders of soil such as hardening, acidification, nutrient salting and the like.
The production mode of high fertilization amount of the facility vegetables has great potential in fertilizer decrement, meanwhile, more than 50% of livestock manure produced by livestock and poultry raising industry in China is not reasonably utilized every year, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are caused, the livestock and poultry manure can be used as a good organic fertilizer, and the facility vegetable fertilizer has various advantages in the aspect of replacing fertilizers, such as improving soil fertility, improving soil conditions and microbial communities, and finally effectively promoting crop growth. Especially, under the large background of national advanced research of 'fruit vegetable tea organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer' and 'chemical fertilizer and pesticide double reduction' series projects, the development of organic replacing application of facility vegetables under the condition of chemical fertilizer reduction is important.
The greenhouse cucumbers are the second vegetable species in the greenhouse vegetable cultivation, and have very important roles in market supply and increase of income of growers, for example: patent CN202011050788.9 and CN201611200395.5 apply protection on the calculation method and the application method of quantitative replacement of fertilizer by organic fertilizer respectively, patent CN201811568034.5 applies protection on the production technical method of replacement of fertilizer by organic fertilizer in greenhouse watermelon, patent CN201810590634.5 applies protection on the yield increasing method of partial replacement of fertilizer by organic fertilizer in double-cropping rice, and related researches on replacement of fertilizer by organic fertilizer on facility cucumber are not yet available.
Therefore, the method for annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization of the facility cucumber based on organic substitution is a problem which needs to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for the facility cucumber based on organic substitution, which achieves the technical effects of weight losing and efficiency enhancing, quality improving and yield increasing, cost saving and income increasing, soil improvement and fertilizer improvement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for the facility cucumber based on organic substitution is 15% of the fertilization amount of the organic fertilizer instead of the optimal fertilizer.
According to the technical scheme, on the basis of optimizing the chemical fertilizer, livestock manure compost is used for replacing part of the chemical fertilizer, the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, the quality of the cucumber can be improved, particularly the nitrate content is reduced, the technical effects of losing weight and improving efficiency, improving quality and increasing yield, saving cost and increasing income, improving soil and fertilizing are achieved, and a sustainable growth soil environment is provided for the protected cucumber.
Preferably, the fertilizer application method of the organic fertilizer is suitable for the rotation mode of 2-year (autumn and winter and spring) facility cucumber, and is different from the conventional planting that organic fertilizer is applied to each stubble, and the organic fertilizer is only applied when the autumn and winter stubble is prepared for deep ploughing, and the spring stubble is not applied.
The facility cucumber cultivation under the annual 2-crop rotation mode comprises field planting of autumn and winter crops in 9 months generally, seedling pulling in 1 month in the second year, field planting of spring crops immediately after seedling pulling, and seedling pulling before and after 6 months. From the time aspect, the time of autumn and winter stubble is abundant, the soil preparation and deep ploughing can be combined to apply the organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can exert the effect, and the nutrition requirement of the organic fertilizer for supplying two-stubble cucumbers is ensured; the spring stubble time is compact, only ploughing and planting furrows are carried out after seedling pulling, fertilizer is applied to the soil, and the soil preparation and compost application are not needed, so that the time is saved.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is livestock manure compost obtained by composting, fermenting and decomposing livestock manure.
On the one hand, the livestock manure compost is prepared by livestock manure according to NY/T3442 (livestock manure compost technical specification), and compared with a commercial organic fertilizer, the livestock manure compost has low cost and high organic matter content, and is easy to accept by farmers; on the other hand, the livestock and poultry manure produced by the local breeding industry can be better utilized, and the breeding cycle is realized.
Preferably, the annual application amount of the livestock manure compost is 5 square/666.7 m from the comprehensive aspects of investment cost, nutrient balance and efficient resource utilization 2 。
In general, the organic replacement is to replace the equivalent fertilizer nutrients according to the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer, farmers can not find relevant departments to detect the nutrient content of the compost in actual production, and the conventional formula is used by the farmers to measure the application amount of the compost in actual operation, so that the invention performs cell tests by setting different compost gradients, and the test result shows that the optimal application amount of the compost is 5/666.7 m 2 。
Preferably, the optimal fertilizer application amount is determined according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required to be absorbed per 1000kg of cucumber produced, the target yield of the cucumber and the soil fertilizer application condition.
Substantially maintaining the balance of nutrient balance while minimizing excessive application of fertilizers (organic and fertilizer).
Preferably, each stubble of the fertilizer is equally divided into a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is 30% -35% of the nitrogenous fertilizer in the optimal fertilizer application amount, 50% -60% of the phosphate fertilizer and 25% -30% of the potash fertilizer, and the rest is 7-9 times used as the additional fertilizer.
As can be seen from the technical proposal, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages thatThe effects are as follows: the invention provides a method for annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization of a facility cucumber based on organic substitution, which is suitable for the annual rotation mode of 2 stubbles (autumn and winter stubbles and spring stubbles) of the facility cucumber by applying 5 square/666.7 m only in autumn and winter stubbles 2 The livestock manure compost replaces 15% of the optimal fertilizer application amount, thereby achieving the effects of losing weight, improving quality, saving cost and improving soil and fertility.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the pH change of the soil after harvesting two-stubble cucumbers according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for the facility cucumber based on organic substitution comprises the following specific steps of:
location: qu Dizhen cucumber production area in Jiyang area of Jinan, shandong province;
according to the vegetable nutrition and fertilization technique (Chen Lunshou, liu Jingling, china agricultural Press), 1000kg of cucumber is produced with 4.0kg of pure nitrogen, 1.0kg of phosphorus and 4.5kg of potassium, and the target yield is 8000-9000kg/666.7m 2 N32.0-36.0 kg/666.7m is required 2 、P 2 O 5 18.3-20.6kg/666.7m 2 、K 2 O 43.2-48.6kg/666.7m 2 The soil fertilizer supply condition is generalFarmers do not spend money for detection, and research shows that farmers are very high in habit of fertilizing, soil fertility is high (sampling detection before test is consistent with inference), and the optimal fertilizer application amount (OPT) is set to be N30 kg/666.7m after comprehensive consideration 2 、P 2 O 5 15kg/666.7m 2 、K 2 O 40kg/666.7m 2 ；
The livestock manure compost (OM) adopts decomposed cow dung, and the application amount is 5 square/666.7 m 2 ；
The proportioning fertilization method adopted by the invention is OM+OPT-15%, and the application of autumn and winter stubble is 5/666.7 m 2 15% of the annual optimized fertilizer application amount of livestock manure compost is the fertilizer application amount adopted by the invention.
The specific steps of (OM+OPT-15%) are as follows: the rotation mode of 2 stubbles (autumn and winter stubbles and spring stubbles) in the whole year is adopted, fertilizer and livestock manure compost are applied to autumn and winter stubbles, fertilizer is only applied to spring stubbles, livestock manure compost is not applied to spring stubbles, wherein the application amount of livestock manure compost applied to autumn and winter cucumbers is 5 square/666.7 m 2 The fertilizer dosage N25.5 kg/666.7m for each of spring stubble and autumn and winter stubble 2 、P 2 O 5 12.75kg/666.7m 2 、K 2 O 34kg/666.7m 2 Wherein N7.6 kg/666.7m 2 、P 2 O 5 7.75 kg/666.7m 2 、K 2 O 9kg/666.7m 2 The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, the rest of the fertilizer is applied for 7 times, drip irrigation is adopted for irrigation and topdressing, livestock manure compost and chemical fertilizer (base fertilizer) are applied by fully ploughing the greenhouse soil before field planting of autumn and winter, the spring stubble is ploughed over the furrow on the basis of autumn and winter stubble, the chemical fertilizer (base fertilizer) is applied, and the livestock manure compost is not applied; OPT and OM+OPT were set as comparative examples, the specific fertilization methods are shown in Table 1,
table 1 base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer application method
Note that: other micro-fertilizers and pesticides for root/land cultivation are applied according to the habit of farmers;
the results were as follows:
1. cucumber quality and yield
The related data are shown in the following table 2, and compared with the OPT treatment, the OM+OPT-15% treatment can obviously increase the single fruit weight of the cucumber, obviously reduce the nitrate content of the cucumber and increase the yield by 1.46%; compared with OM+OPT treatment, the cucumber has no obvious single fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter difference, but can obviously reduce the nitrate content of the cucumber and increase the yield by 3.78%.
TABLE 2 cucumber quality and yield data sheet
2. Cost and benefit of cucumber
The related data are shown in the following table 3, and compared with OPT and treatment, the method has the advantages that the fertilizer cost is saved by 1.46%, the net income is increased by 1.68%, and the yield and the ratio are increased by 3.11%; compared with OM+OPT treatment, the fertilizer has 13.63% lower cost, 4.43% higher net income and 20.32% higher yield-to-investment ratio.
TABLE 3 cost and benefit of cucumber
Note that: the fertilizer price urea used in the test is calculated according to 2000 yuan/ton, 3000 yuan/ton of diammonium, 3500 yuan/ton of potassium sulfate, 3000 yuan/ton of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 4250 yuan/ton of 15-5-25 compound fertilizer, 40 yuan/square of decomposed cow dung, the yield value = yield unit price, and the unit price of two-stubble cucumber is calculated according to the total income and total yield recorded by farmers, and the net income = yield value-fertilizer cost.
3. Soil pH variation
The embodiment is produced on the basis of the annual test result of 1. The nutrient indexes of 3 treated soils are not significantly different, but the pH value of the soil is significantly different (as shown in figure 1), the pH value (7.24) of the OM+OPT-15% treated soil is not significantly different from that of the OPT treatment (7.36), but is significantly lower than that of the OM+OPT treatment (7.49), the cucumber is suitable for weak acid to neutral soil, the optimal pH value is 5.4-7.8, and salt damage easily occurs when the pH value is higher than 7.8.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. The annual rotation organic-inorganic efficient fertilization method for the facility cucumber based on organic substitution is characterized in that the fertilization method is 15% of the fertilization amount of the organic fertilizer instead of the optimal fertilizer;
the fertilizer application method of the organic fertilizer is that under the 2-crop rotation mode of the autumn and winter stubbles and the spring stubbles of the facility cucumber in the whole year, the organic fertilizer is only applied when the autumn and winter stubbles are prepared for deep ploughing, and the application amount is 5 square/666.7 m 2 The organic fertilizer is livestock manure compost after livestock manure is fermented and decomposed by compost, spring stubble is not applied, the fertilizer application amount of the spring stubble is 85% of the optimal fertilizer application amount, the optimal fertilizer application amount is determined according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required to be absorbed by each 1000kg of cucumber produced, the target yield of the cucumber and the soil fertilizer supply condition, each stubble of the fertilizer application is divided into base fertilizer and additional fertilizer application, wherein the base fertilizer is 30% -35% of nitrogen fertilizer, 50% -60% of phosphate fertilizer and 25% -30% of potassium fertilizer in the optimal fertilizer application amount, and the rest is 7-9 times used as additional fertilizer.
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