CN108849345A - A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato Download PDFInfo
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- CN108849345A CN108849345A CN201810651756.0A CN201810651756A CN108849345A CN 108849345 A CN108849345 A CN 108849345A CN 201810651756 A CN201810651756 A CN 201810651756A CN 108849345 A CN108849345 A CN 108849345A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato, fertilising, control excessive growth after specific steps include selection and processing potato seed, selection soil, apply base manure, sow, broadcast.The rice stubble field non-ploughing plot for choosing topography is flat, arable layer is deep, soil layer is loose loam plot or loosing soil, measures the Se content of soil, uniformly applies organic selenium fertilizer to soil, make the usage amount of the organic selenium fertilizer in plot per acre between 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms.While applying organic selenium fertilizer, 80 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers are applied to plot per acre.Application mentions seed manure in after planting 20-25 days, and the application knot potato fertilizer in after planting 55-60 days, fertilizer is expanded in application in after planting 70-80 days.The present invention passes through cultivation of selenium-rich potato, improve the Se content of potato, improve Potato Quality, increase the economic benefit of potato, the selenium for increasing human body by eating selenium-rich potato simultaneously is taken in, reduce as selenium deficiency and caused by human body diseases, improve human longevity, reach the product function of potato.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of potato of technical field of cultivation, specially a kind of selenium-rich potato
Cultural method.
Background technique
Potato category Solanaceae herbaceos perennial, its stem tuber can be edible, and is the fourth-largest important grain in the whole world
Food crop.There are China, Russia, India, Ukraine, U.S. etc. in the major producing country of potato, and China is that the world starts
The most country of bell potato total yield.Therefore, the yield of potato has great importance for improving grain yield, and potato
Cultural method for improve potato yield be of crucial importance.
Selenium is the intracorporal essential trace element of people, has multiple biological function, such as prevents and treats Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, mentions
High body immunity, anti-aging etc..Simultaneously as the Se content of most of animals and plants is extremely low, this results in human body to lack
Selenium, and this phenomenon is increasingly severe.Therefore, the importance of selenium-enriched crop is increasingly taken seriously.Staple food grain containing high selenium
It is the extraordinary approach of selenium-supply, for example, rice, millet, wheaten food are taken in from staple food grain, it is easier to promote absorption of human body to convert, because
It is that people must take in daily for staple food grain, is greatly improved so eating for a long time to the healthy pattern of human body.Existing potato
Selenium-enriching cultivation technology is fertile (sodium selenite) using chemical selenium, and sorption enhanced is mainly carried out in a manner of inorganic selenium, exists
Risk is simultaneously forbidden by developed country.It is low to the absorption efficiency of inorganic selenium thus to cause human body, inorganic selenium is easy specific
Organ enrichment, the problem of selenium excess, therefore urgently develop safe and efficient potato selenium-rich method.
Summary of the invention
(1) the technical issues of solving
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato, has high yield, excellent
Matter, it is efficient and green and healthy the advantages that, solve that human body is low to the absorption efficiency of inorganic selenium, and inorganic selenium is easy in certain organs
Enrichment, the problem of selenium excess, while fertilizing improvement can be carried out to soil.
(2) technical solution
To realize above-mentioned high yield, high-quality, efficient and green and healthy purpose, the present invention is provided the following technical solutions：It is a kind of
The cultural method of selenium-rich potato, after specific steps include selection and processing potato seed, selection soil, apply base manure, sow, broadcast
Fertilising, control excessive growth, wherein
The selection and processing potato seed is carried out disinfection potato seed stripping and slicing and using medicament, sick potato is rejected, by the kind after cutting
Potato again stripping and slicing to the weight of multiple sprout tubers and each sprout tuber between 30 grams to 50 grams and the bud eye of each sprout tuber be one or
Person two；
The selection soil chooses loam plot or rice stubble field non-ploughing plot, and without deliberately selecting selenium-rich soil；
The application base manure, measures the Se content of soil, uniformly applies organic selenium fertilizer to soil, and make plot per acre has
The usage amount of machine selenium fertilizer is between 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms；While applying organic selenium fertilizer, 80 kilograms are applied to plot per acre
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；
It is described broadcast after fertilising include：Application mentions seed manure in after planting 20-25 days, in conjunction with the intertillage and watering in plot
Situation applies 10 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers or 7.5 kilograms of urea to plot per acre；The application knot in after planting 55-60 days
Potato fertilizer according to potato growing way and combines watering, intertillage and ridging situation to apply 15-20 kilograms of azophoska to plot per acre
Hefei；5 kilograms of fertilizer is expanded in application per acre in after planting 70-80 days, in potato fertilizer deficiency to potato leaf surface spray containing
The compound fertilizer for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that urea that mass percent is 0.3%, mass percent are 0.4%；
The control excessive growth is regulated and controled when excessive growth occurs in potato, or in Feng Hangqian by deep ploughing, controlling the method for water,
Or foliage-spray is carried out extremely using one of potato enlarging agent, the paclobutrazol of 50-100ppm, the cycocel of 1-6ppm
Excessive growth disappears.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the organic selenium fertilizer is using organic fertilizer made of selenocysteine
Material.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, when uniformly applying organic selenium fertilizer to soil, strengthened using biological nutrition
Mode, by organic selenium fertilizer root application into soil.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, when uniformly applying organic selenium fertilizer to soil, organic selenium fertilizer is mixed general
Logical organic fertilizer is latter with application.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the mixed proportion of organic selenium fertilizer and common organic fertilizer is 1:10.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, after the selection and processing potato seed, vernalization is carried out to sprout tuber.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the vernalization, the cold bed that at least 40 centimetres of selected distance ground, often puts down
The cold bed of rice, which is placed, is less than 75 kilograms of sprout tuber, and the ulking thickness of sprout tuber is less than 20 centimetres, temperature adjustment to sprout tuber germination temperature,
And straw screen or mat or sand are spread in the upper surface of sprout tuber；Hereafter, warm water is sprayed daily to keep straw screen or mat and sand wet, and 20
Light-exposed experienced bud is carried out to sprout tuber after it.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the sowing, depth are 8-15 centimetres, and line-spacing is 65-90 centimetres,
Spacing in the rows is 18-30 centimetres, and is between 7-10 degrees Celsius and carries out in the ground temperature of topsoil.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the nitrogen in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 2：1：5.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the medicament is the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.2%.
(3) beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of selenium-rich potato, have following beneficial to effect
Fruit：
1. the cultural method of selenium-rich potato of the invention, by using the mode that biological nutrition is strengthened, by organic selenium fertilizer
Root application realizes the building of potato plant rhizosphere soil selenium-rich environment into soil, to make potato in subsequent growth
In the process, continuous to absorb, conversion, accumulate selenium element, so that organic selenium fertilizer is finally enriched in Ma Ling in the form of plant organic selenium
In potato, the cultivation of selenium-rich potato is realized.The present invention improves the Se content of potato by cultivation of selenium-rich potato, increases people
The selenium of body is taken in, reduce as selenium deficiency and caused by human body diseases, improve human longevity, increase the economic benefit of potato, mention
High Potato Quality reaches the product function of potato.
2. the cultural method of selenium-rich potato of the invention is applied by cooperation while application chemical fertilizer and other organic fertilizers
With organic selenium fertilizer, the per mu yield, commodity rate and quality of potato can be significantly improved, is increased economic efficiency；Pass through setting simultaneously
The nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium ratio make to apply nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potassium and horse in the soil after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
The nitrogen, phosphorus of absorption required for the bell potato time of infertility, potassium ratio are identical, optimize potato fertilization structure, further increase potato
Yield improves potato fertilizer utilization efficiency, and adaptation to local conditions, promotes the constituent content of soil, fertilizing soil.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the histogram of the potato yield in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the histogram of the potato commodity rate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched
It states, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, cultivation experiments are carried out to potato first.Wherein, fertilization mode is divided into four kinds of modes, and
And in the present embodiment, nitrogenous fertilizer selects urea, and phosphate fertilizer selects normal superphosphate, and potash fertilizer selects potassium sulfate.By nitrogenous fertilizer
60%, organic fertilizer, whole phosphorus potash fertilizers make base manure application, the 20% of nitrogenous fertilizer are imposed for 20-25 days after emergence, by nitrogenous fertilizer
20% imposes for 55-60 days after emergence, and cultivated area is not less than 30 square meters.Wherein, four kinds of fertilization modes are as shown in the table：
Before the application of potato base manure, soil layer soil sample of the sampling depth between 0-20cm measures soil using conventional method
The basic physical and chemical of layer soil sample.
Experimental result is as follows：
Referring to Fig. 1, it is the histogram in four kinds of fertilization mode Potato yield.As can be seen from Figure 1 it applies
Selenium fertilizer helps to improve potato yield.Way of contrast 1, the potato yield of mode 3 increase 3.4%, the Ma Ling of mode 4
Potato yield increases 13.2%.The potato yield of way of contrast 3, mode 4 increases 9.5%.Also, it can be with from Fig. 1
Find out, NPK compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer apply the yield highest for making potato with selenium fertilizer together.
Referring to Fig. 2, it is the histogram of four kinds of fertilization mode Potato commodity rates.As can be seen from Figure 2 it applies
Selenium fertilizer facilitates the raising of potato commodity rate.Way of contrast 1, the potato commodity rate of mode 3 increase 2.3%, mode 4
Potato commodity rate increase 12.4%.The potato commodity rate of way of contrast 3, mode 4 increases 10.1%.Also, from
It can also be seen that NPK compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer apply the commodity rate highest for making potato with selenium fertilizer together in Fig. 2.
Absorbing state such as following table of four kinds of fertilization mode Potatos to selenium element：
Application selenium fertilizer significantly improves the Se content in potato haulm and stem tuber as can be seen from the table, and wherein NPK is multiple
Hefei, organic fertilizer can achieve 0.118mg/kg with the Se content highest for the potato that selenium fertilizer is applied together, reach selenium-rich vegetable
The standard of dish.
Therefore, the cultural method of the selenium-rich potato of the present embodiment can carry out according to the following steps：
(1) selection and processing potato seed
Carried out disinfection potato seed stripping and slicing and using medicament, reject sick potato, by the potato seed after cutting again stripping and slicing to multiple sprout tubers
And the weight of each sprout tuber is between 30 grams to 50 grams and the bud eye of each sprout tuber is one or two.Wherein, medicament is dense
The liquor potassic permanganate that degree is 0.2%.
(2) vernalization
The cold bed that at least 40 centimetres of selected distance ground, the cold bed of every square meter place the sprout tuber less than 75 kilograms, and sprout tuber
Ulking thickness less than 20 centimetres, temperature adjustment to sprout tuber germination temperature, and spread straw screen or mat or sand in the upper surface of sprout tuber.Hereafter,
Sprinkling warm water is wet to keep straw screen or mat and sand daily, and carries out light-exposed experienced bud to sprout tuber after 20 days.
(3) soil is selected
Choose topography it is flat, it is non-irrigated can pour, flood can arrange, the loam plot that arable layer is deep, soil layer is loose or loosing soil
Rice stubble field non-ploughing plot, and without deliberately selecting selenium-rich soil, therefore can choose a variety of soil.Rice stubble field non-ploughing plot should be received in rice
Cultivated 30cm is ploughed deeply after cutting in time, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, freeze upturned soil, guarantees loosing soil before sowing.
(4) base manure is applied
The Se content for measuring soil, uniformly applies organic selenium fertilizer to soil, makes the usage amount of the organic selenium fertilizer in plot per acre
Between 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms.While applying organic selenium fertilizer, 80 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers are applied to plot per acre.
Wherein, organic selenium fertilizer is and uniformly to apply organic selenium fertilizer to soil using organic fertilizer made of selenocysteine
When, by the way of biological nutrition reinforcing, by organic selenium fertilizer root application into soil.When uniformly applying organic selenium fertilizer to soil,
It is latter with application that organic selenium fertilizer can be mixed to common organic fertilizer, and the mixed proportion of organic selenium fertilizer and common organic fertilizer is
1:10。
Measure soil in selenium content while, in soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content be measured.According to measurement
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content adjust the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, make to apply after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in soil
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element ratio be 2：1：5.Make in this way the nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium ratio make to apply N P and K it is compound
Nitrogen that the nitrogen in soil, phosphorus, the ratio of potassium after fertilizer and potato need to absorb, phosphorus, potassium ratio are identical, make potato to suction
Enough elements are received, potato yield, and adaptation to local conditions are further increased, promote the constituent content of soil, fertilizing soil
Earth.
(5) it sows
When being sowed, the depth of sowing is 8-15 centimetres, and the line-spacing of sowing is 65-90 centimetres, and the spacing in the rows of sowing is
18-30 centimetres, and be between 7-10 degrees Celsius and carry out in the ground temperature of topsoil.
(6) it applies fertilizer after broadcasting
It after planting, is needing to carry out top dressing, is being substantially carried out the top dressing of following three phases：
Application mentions seed manure in after planting 20-25 days, and plot per acre is applied in the intertillage and watering situation in conjunction with plot
10 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers or 7.5 kilograms of urea；
The application knot potato fertilizer in after planting 55-60 days according to potato growing way and combines watering, intertillage and ridging situation
15-20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to plot per acre；
5 kilograms of fertilizer is expanded in application per acre in after planting 70-80 days, sprays in potato fertilizer deficiency to potato leaf surface
Containing mass percent be 0.3% urea, mass percent be 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer.
(7) excessive growth is controlled
When excessive growth occurs in potato, it can be regulated and controled in Feng Hangqian by deep ploughing, controlling the method for water, also be can be used
One of potato enlarging agent, the paclobutrazol of 50-100ppm, cycocel of 1-6ppm carry out foliage-spray to excessive growth and disappear.
(8) it harvests
In potato harvest, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the Se content in soil can be measured, and to cultivate potato next time
Data are recorded, convenient for applying fertilizer later.
The cultural method of the selenium-rich potato of the present embodiment, by using the mode that biological nutrition is strengthened, by organic selenium fertilizer
Root application realizes the building of potato plant rhizosphere selenium-rich environment into soil, to make potato in subsequent growth course
In, it is continuous to absorb, conversion, accumulate selenium element, so that organic selenium fertilizer is finally enriched in potato in the form of plant organic selenium
In, it realizes the cultivation of selenium-rich potato, while selenium-rich fertilizing is carried out to milpa soil, improves soil nutrient status.This implementation
Example improves the Se content of potato by cultivation of selenium-rich potato, increases the selenium intake of human body, and reduction is caused due to selenium deficiency
Human body diseases, improve human longevity, increase the economic benefit of potato, improve Potato Quality, reach potato and its
Product function.The present embodiment, can be significant by compounding application organic selenium fertilizer while applying chemical fertilizer and other organic fertilizers
Per mu yield, quality and the commodity rate of potato for improving potato, increase economic efficiency；It is compound by setting N P and K simultaneously
Fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio make apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after soil in nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potassium and potato give birth to entirely
Nitrogen that phase needs to absorb, phosphorus, potassium ratio are identical, optimize potato fertilization structure, further increase potato yield, improve horse
Bell potato fertilizer utilization efficiency, and adaptation to local conditions, promote the constituent content of soil, fertilizing soil.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato, specific steps include selection and processing potato seed, selection soil, application base manure,
It applies fertilizer after sowing, broadcasting, control excessive growth, it is characterised in that：
The selection and processing potato seed is carried out disinfection potato seed stripping and slicing and using medicament, rejects sick potato, again by the potato seed after cutting
Stripping and slicing to the weight of multiple sprout tubers and each sprout tuber between 30 grams to 50 grams and the bud eye of each sprout tuber be one or two；
The selection soil chooses loam plot or rice stubble field non-ploughing plot, and without deliberately selecting selenium-rich soil；
The application base manure, measures the Se content of soil, uniformly applies organic selenium fertilizer to soil, makes the organic selenium fertilizer in plot per acre
Usage amount between 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms；While applying organic selenium fertilizer, 80 kilograms of N P and Ks are applied to plot per acre
Compound fertilizer；
It is described broadcast after fertilising include：Application mentions seed manure in after planting 20-25 days, in conjunction with the intertillage and watering situation pair in plot
10 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers or 7.5 kilograms of urea are applied in plot per acre；Application knot potato fertilizer, root in after planting 55-60 days
According to potato growing way and watering, intertillage and ridging situation is combined to apply 15-20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to plot per acre；It is broadcasting
5 kilograms of fertilizer is expanded in application per acre in 70-80 days after kind, sprays to potato leaf surface containing mass percent in potato fertilizer deficiency
For 0.3% urea, mass percent be 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer；
The control excessive growth, when there is excessive growth in potato, perhaps regulated and controled by deep ploughing, controlling the method for water in Feng Hangqian or
Foliage-spray to excessive growth is carried out using one of potato enlarging agent, the paclobutrazol of 50-100ppm, the cycocel of 1-6ppm to disappear
It loses.
2. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The organic selenium fertilizer is to adopt
The organic fertilizer made of selenocysteine.
3. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Soil is uniformly being applied
When organic selenium fertilizer, by the way of biological nutrition reinforcing, by organic selenium fertilizer root application into soil.
4. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Soil is uniformly being applied
When organic selenium fertilizer, it is latter with application that organic selenium fertilizer is mixed into common organic fertilizer.
5. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Organic selenium fertilizer and commonly have
The mixed proportion of machine fertilizer is 1:10.
6. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the selection and processing
After potato seed, vernalization is carried out to sprout tuber.
7. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The vernalization, choose away from
At least 40 centimetres of cold bed from the ground, the cold bed of every square meter places the sprout tuber less than 75 kilograms, and the ulking thickness of sprout tuber is less than
20 centimetres, temperature adjustment to sprout tuber germination temperature, and straw screen or mat or sand are spread in the upper surface of sprout tuber；Hereafter, daily sprinkling warm water with
Keep straw screen or mat and sand wet, and carry out light-exposed experienced bud to sprout tuber after 20 days.
8. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sowing, depth
Be 8-15 centimetres, line-spacing be 65-90 centimetres, spacing in the rows be 18-30 centimetres, and the ground temperature of topsoil be in 7-10 degrees Celsius between into
Row.
9. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The application base manure, also
Measure soil in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, and according to the content of the nitrogen of measurement, phosphorus, potassium adjust nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in nitrogen, phosphorus,
The content of potassium, make apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element ratio 2：1：5.
10. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The medicament is concentration
For 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate.
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