CN114009193B - Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer - Google Patents
Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009193B CN114009193B CN202111147354.5A CN202111147354A CN114009193B CN 114009193 B CN114009193 B CN 114009193B CN 202111147354 A CN202111147354 A CN 202111147354A CN 114009193 B CN114009193 B CN 114009193B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of high fertilizer efficiency, large loss amount and low loss of the conventional fertilizer and the controlled release fertilizer in the prior banana production, the invention provides a banana nutrient regulating and controlling method integrating the coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer. The method utilizes a soil nutrient comprehensive system evaluation method and a nutrition diagnosis and regulation technology to couple the controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer integration, develops a water fertilizer integration and special controlled-release formula fertilizer quick-release nutrient efficient regulation method based on different banana leaf numbers by distributing a certain proportion of the controlled-release formula fertilizer in the banana water fertilizer integration process, and is divided into 6 fertilization periods of 9-20 leaves, 21-30 leaves, 31-37 leaves, 38 leaves Shechou buds, bud picking periods and young fruit periods, and selectively applies the controlled-release formula fertilizer for 2-4 periods in four periods before the bud picking periods. The banana nutrition-saving agent can achieve the effects of saving labor, saving fertilizer, enhancing efficiency and reducing fertilizer waste and environmental pollution while meeting the requirement of banana synchronous nutrition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a banana nutrient regulating and controlling method integrating a coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fruit tree planting.
Background
The banana has a growing period of 9-11 months, and needs to be supplied with nutrients in each growing period, and the lack of fertilizer can lead to slow growth of banana plants, influence the formation of photosynthetic products and the growth of fruits, and reduce the yield and quality of the fruits. At present, banana production has the problems of serious water resource waste, excessive fertilizer application, unbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient proportion, unreasonable fertilizer variety selection, improper fertilization mode and the like, and causes the soil environment deterioration, serious plant diseases and insect pests, plant area atrophy and the like of the banana garden. The integrated technology of water and fertilizer is generally adopted in banana production, so that the fertilizer efficiency is fast, the loss is large, and the labor cost is high; the slow release fertilizer is used to release nutrients slowly, which is easy to cause nutrient deficiency, but can effectively reduce manpower.
Patent document CN201210057308.0 discloses a special controlled release fertilizer for banana seedling stage, which is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing resin coated potassium chloride, resin coated urea, potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate, and synchronously supplying nutrients according to the law of nutrient absorption of banana seedling stage growth. The slow-release and controlled-release mode is simple, but has the problem of nutrient deficiency caused by improper control of release speed, and is only suitable for seedling stage use.
Patent document CN201510985231.7 discloses a special slow-release water-soluble fertilizer for bananas and a preparation method thereof, wherein the slow-release water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw material components: ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, chelated medium elements, chelated trace elements, sodium borate, a growth promoter and an organic hydrogel material. Compared with CN201210057308.0, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer, can realize water and fertilizer integration, but still cannot solve the problem of nutrient deficiency caused by improper release speed regulation and control, and has higher cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a banana nutrient regulating and controlling method integrating a coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer, which is used for solving the problems of high fertilizer efficiency, large loss amount, slow fertilizer efficiency and small loss of a conventional fertilizer in banana production. The method utilizes a soil nutrient comprehensive system evaluation method and a nutrient diagnosis and regulation technology to couple the controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer integration, and develops the water fertilizer integration and special controlled-release formula fertilizer quick-release nutrient efficient regulation method based on different banana leaf numbers by applying a certain proportion of the controlled-release formula fertilizer in the banana water fertilizer integration process, thereby achieving the effects of saving labor, saving fertilizer, improving efficiency and reducing fertilizer waste and environmental pollution while meeting the requirement of banana synchronous nutrition.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a banana nutrient regulating and controlling method integrating a coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer is characterized in that the whole growth period is divided into 6 fertilization periods according to the number of banana leaves, and the fertilization periods and the fertilization proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are as follows:
wherein, the controlled release formula fertilizer is selectively applied for 2 to 4 periods before the bud period, each period is applied for 1 time, and is applied for 2 to 4 times altogether, the rest of the fertilizer which adopts the coupling of the water-soluble organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is applied by adopting a water-fertilizer integrated method (the controlled release formula fertilizer can be independently applied or the controlled release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer are integrated in the period of applying the controlled release formula fertilizer), the fertilizer is applied for 2 to 4 times each month, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application amount in each period is shown in the table above; wherein the dosage ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the controlled-release formula fertilizer to the dosage ratio of the water fertilizer integrated fertilizer are all 2-8:8-2, namely the dosage ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the controlled-release formula fertilizer to the dosage ratio of the water fertilizer integrated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are all the same and are all 2-8:8-2.
Wherein, in the whole growth period of the banana, the controlled-release nitrogen proportion (the proportion of the nitrogen application amount of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer to the total application amount of nitrogen in the application period) and the controlled-release potassium proportion (the proportion of the potassium application amount of the controlled-release potassium fertilizer to the total application amount of potassium in the application period) of the controlled-release formulated fertilizer in different application periods are consistent, and are respectively 20-50% and 0-30%; the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or vegetable oil film-coated urea with fertilizer efficiency of 2-5 months, and the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or vegetable oil film-coated potassium chloride with fertilizer efficiency of 2-5 months.
Wherein the application ratio of the water-soluble organic fertilizer to the nitrogenous fertilizer of the inorganic fertilizer is 1-3:8, preferably 2:8, and the inorganic fertilizer can be compounded into the required ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by balanced compound fertilizers, urea, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers and the like. The water-soluble organic fertilizer is preferably an organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer.
The invention has the technical effects that: by using the technology, the banana synchronous nutrition can be satisfied, the per-unit yield and per-mu yield of the banana can be greatly improved, and the utilization effect of the fertilizer can be improved; the soil quality of the banana garden is obviously improved, the bud extraction rate and the yield of the bananas are improved, the banana yield is increased, and the effects of saving labor and fertilizer, improving efficiency, reducing fertilizer waste and environmental pollution are achieved.
Detailed Description
The effects are described below with reference to examples and experimental examples.
Example 1:
and a field comparison test is adopted, and the different input proportion of the controlled release formula fertilizer and the conventional water fertilizer is used as a test factor. The input amount of each treatment fertilizer in the testEqual respectively: n250 g/strain; p (P) 2 O 5 150 g/strain; k (K) 2 O680 g/strain. The planting density per mu is 143 plants.
Treatment 1 (T1): the controlled-release formula fertilizer treatment is carried out by compounding vegetable oil resin coated urea with conventional fertilizer according to the fertilizing proportion of each growth period of bananas in the following table 1 to form the controlled-release formula fertilizer with 30% of controlled nitrogen and 0% of controlled-release potassium, and the total fertilization is carried out for 6 times in the whole growth period (1 time in each period). The fertilizer is balanced compound fertilizer (N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K) 2 O,60 percent), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 18 percent) and controlled release urea (N, 43 percent) are compounded into the controlled release formula fertilizer.
Treatment 2 (T2): organic and inorganic water and fertilizer integrated treatment, 20% of nitrogen source is provided by organic polypeptide fertilizer, and the rest 80% of nitrogen source, 100% of phosphorus and 100% of potassium fertilizer all adopt available nutrients. The fertilization proportion of each fertilization period and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the same as T1 (shown in table 1), and the fertilizer is balanced compound fertilizer (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K) 2 O, 60%), organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer (weak alkaline) (N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 O is more than or equal to 200g/L, humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, and matrix is more than or equal to 250 g/L). The fertilizer is applied for 5 to 8 times in each fertilization period every 7 to 10 days.
Treatment 3 (T3): the controlled release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer are integrally coupled for treatment 1, the controlled release formula fertilizer (30% of controlled release nitrogen and 0% of controlled release potassium) which is the same as that of treatment 1 and the organic-inorganic fertilizer water fertilizer which is the same as that of treatment 2 are integrally fertilized, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient dosage proportion of the controlled release formula fertilizer is 2:8, wherein the controlled release formula fertilizer is respectively applied to 210 g/plant in 21-30 leaf periods and 31-37 leaf periods (each time the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application dosage accounts for 10% of the total fertilization amount of each nutrient), and other needed fertilizers (9-20 leaf periods, 38 leaf periods, shechou bud periods and all of young fruit periods, and 15% nutrient content in 21-30 leaf periods and 10% nutrient content in 31-37 leaf periods) are respectively applied by adopting the water fertilizer integral technology and are applied every 7-10 d. The fertilization periods and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization ratios were also performed as shown in table 1. The fertilizer is balanced compoundCombined fertilizer (N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K) 2 O,60 percent), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 18 percent, controlled release urea (N, 43 percent), organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer (alkalescence) (N, P) 2 O 5 、K 2 O is more than or equal to 200g/L, humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, and substrate is more than or equal to 250 g/L).
Treatment 4 (T4): the controlled release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer are integrated and coupled to process 2, the controlled release formula fertilizer (30% of controlled release nitrogen and 0% of controlled release potassium) which is the same as process 1 and the organic and inorganic fertilizer water fertilizer which is the same as process 2 are integrated, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is 4:6, and the controlled release formula fertilizer is respectively applied to 210 g/plant, 315 g/plant and 315 g/plant in 9-20 leaf stages (the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10% of the total fertilization amount of the respective nutrients), 21-30 leaf stages (the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15% of the total fertilization amount of the respective nutrients) and 31-37 leaf stages (the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15% of the total fertilization amount of the respective nutrients). Other needed fertilizers (all of 38 pieces Shechou bud, bud picking period and young fruit period, 10% of 9-20 pieces of leaf period, 10% of 21-30 pieces of leaf period and 5% of nutrient content of 31-37 pieces of leaf period) are all applied by adopting a water and fertilizer integration technology by using organic and inorganic fertilizers, and are applied every 7-10 d. The fertilization periods and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization ratios were also performed as shown in table 1. The fertilizer used was treated with T3.
Treatment 5 (T5): peasant household conventional treatment, utilizing balanced compound fertilizer (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15), urea (N, 46%), potassium chloride (K) 2 O,60 percent) is applied every 7 to 10 days by adopting a water-fertilizer integrated technology according to the fertilization period and the fertilization proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the table 2.
No fertilization treatment (CK).
Tables 1 T1 to T4 treatment of fertilization period and fertilization ratio
TABLE 2 conventional treatment of fertilization period and fertilization ratio
Results: as can be seen from Table 3, compared with the basic values, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and pH of the soil treated by T3 and T4 are superior to those of the soil treated by T1, T2 and T5, so that the absorption of nitrogen and potassium nutrients in the banana growing process is facilitated. After the banana is bud-extracted, the plant height of T3 treatment is 252.5cm, the plant heights of T1, T2 and T5 are 236.1cm, 237.9cm and 230.2cm respectively, and the T3 treatment is improved by 6.95%, 6.14% and 9.69% compared with the T1, T2 and T5 treatment respectively; the plant height of T4 treatment is 266.5cm, which is improved by 12.88%, 12.02% and 15.77% compared with T1, T2 and T5 treatments respectively. When the bud extraction rates of the T3 and T4 treated bananas are about 82.5 percent and 85.2 percent respectively, the bud extraction rates of the T1, T2, T5 and CK treated bananas are only 71.3 percent, 73.4 percent, 67.8 percent and 30.8 percent respectively.
As is clear from Table 4, the yield of the T3-treated strain was 25.6 kg/strain, which was increased by 8.02%, 5.79%, 17.43% and 88.24% compared to T1, T2, T5 and CK, respectively; the acre yield of the T3 treatment is respectively improved by 18.06%, 9.16%, 40.27% and 385.59% compared with that of T1, T2, T5 and CK. The yield of the strain treated by the T4 is 26.4 kg/strain, and the strains are respectively increased by 11.39%, 9.09%, 21.10% and 94.12% compared with the strains of T1, T2, T5 and CK; the per mu yield of the T4 treatment is respectively increased by 25.53%, 16.07%, 49.15% and 416.32% compared with that of T1, T2, T5 and CK. Further analysis shows that the yield height of the T3 treated plant is mainly due to the improvement of the fruit index, and the influence on the single fruit weight is not great; the T4 treatment not only improves the single plant fruit index, but also increases the single fruit weight by 6.46%, 7.09%, 6.32% and 40.97% respectively compared with the T1, T2, T5 and CK treatments. Therefore, the high mu yield of T3 treatment and T4 treatment is formed by coupling the high yield of plants and the high yield. The price of banana fruits is calculated by 2 yuan/kg, and the treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 can be 886 yuan, 1342 yuan, 1896 yuan and 2314 yuan per mu compared with the treatment of T5. In addition, by adopting the controlled-release formula fertilizer or the water fertilizer integration technology, the labor cost of T1, T2, T3 and T4 can be saved by 250 yuan, 300 yuan, 320 yuan and 350 yuan per mu compared with the labor cost of T5 treatment.
TABLE 3 routine soil change for each treatment
TABLE 4 throughput of treatments and factors affecting the same
Claims (2)
1. A banana nutrient regulating and controlling method integrating a coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and a water fertilizer is characterized in that the whole growth period is divided into 6 fertilization periods according to the number of banana leaves, and the fertilization periods and the fertilization proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are as follows:
wherein, the controlled release formula fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 21-30 leaf periods and 31-37 leaf periods, and is applied for 2-4 times per month in 9-20 leaves, 38 leaves, bud picking period and all of young fruit periods, and 10% nutrient content in 15% and 31-37 leaf periods of 21-30 leaf periods, and the fertilizer coupling water-soluble organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is applied by adopting a water-fertilizer integrated method, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application amount in each period is shown in the table; the fertilizer comprises a controlled-release formula fertilizer, a water-soluble organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the controlled-release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer is 2:8, and the application ratio of the water-soluble organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is 1-3:8;
in the whole growth period of the bananas, the controlled-release nitrogen proportion and the controlled-release potassium proportion of the controlled-release formula fertilizer in different application periods are consistent, and are respectively 20% -50% and 30%;
the adopted controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or vegetable oil film urea with a fertilizer efficiency period of 2-5 months;
the controlled-release potash fertilizer is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or vegetable oil coated potassium chloride with a fertilizer efficiency period of 2-5 months;
the water-soluble organic fertilizer is an organic polypeptide liquid fertilizer.
2. The banana nutrient regulating and controlling method integrating the coupling controlled release formula fertilizer and the water fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer is compounded into the required nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio by balanced compound fertilizer, urea, potassium chloride and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer.
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| CN102351602B (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2014-07-09 | 华南农业大学 | Synchronous nutrition fertilizers, preparation methods thereof and applications thereof |
| CN104725096B (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2019-05-17 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | A kind of composite fertilizer of banana different growing stage compounding |
| CN105924250A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-07 | 华南农业大学 | Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with high pH value and preparing method of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer |
| CN112778038B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-05-17 | 海南大学 | Banana nutrition formula and formula using method |
| CN113229028A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-10 | 海南大学 | Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas |
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